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1
Gupta, Akanksha, Mala Kamboj, Anjali Narwal, Anju Devi, and Shashibala Malik. "Comparative evaluation of biopsied gingival and alveolar mucosal lesions: A 13-year retrospective study." Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology 28, no. 6 (2024): 632–37. https://doi.org/10.4103/jisp.jisp_438_23.
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Abstract Background: Gingiva and alveolar mucosa are exposed to similar chronic mechanical irritations in the oral cavity. They are common sites for plaque-induced and nonplaque-induced diseases. Aim: This study aims to compare the categories, frequencies, and age distribution of the biopsied gingival and alveolar mucosal lesions, as well as to report their distribution at these two sites. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was performed on biopsied gingival and alveolar mucosal lesions taken for 13 years. The necessary information was noted, tabulated, and subjected to statistical analysis. Results: Of 5068 biopsies, 302 (5.95%) gingival and 70 (1.38%) alveolar mucosal biopsies were obtained, with female (61.82%) and male dominance (38.17%), respectively. Among gingival biopsies, reactive lesions were the most common (86.75%), followed by inflammatory and immune conditions and lesions (5.29%), neoplasms (3.64%), specific infections (0.33%), and gingival pigmentation (0.33%). The alveolar mucosal biopsies were most commonly diagnosed as well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (58.57%), followed by moderately differentiated (28.57%), poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (5.71%), adenoid cystic carcinoma (2.85%), malignant salivary gland tumor (2.85%), and pyogenic granuloma (1.42%). Conclusion: The study results show a high prevalence of gingival and alveolar mucosal biopsied lesions. Most reports suggested a prevalence of reactive lesions in gingival biopsies; on the contrary, alveolar mucosa showed predominance of neoplastic lesions. The two disciplines of dentistry (oral pathology and periodontics) must work together to formulate a functional classification for a definitive diagnosis and an effective treatment plan.
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Adibrad, Mehdi, Mohammad Shahabuei, and Mahasti Sahabi. "Significance of the Width of Keratinized Mucosa on the Health Status of the Supporting Tissue Around Implants Supporting Overdentures." Journal of Oral Implantology 35, no. 5 (2009): 232–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1563/aaid-joi-d-09-00035.1.
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Abstract Our objective was to determine the association between keratinized mucosa width and the health status of the supporting tissue around implants supporting overdentures. Sixty-six functioning dental implants were examined. Periodontal parameters measured included gingival index, plaque index, bleeding on probing, probing depth, mucosal recession, periodontal attachment level, radiographic bone level, and width of keratinized mucosa. A negative correlation was found between keratinized mucosa width and mucosal recession and periodontal attachment level. When data were dichotomized by keratinized mucosa width, the mean gingival index score, plaque index score, and bleeding on probing were significantly higher for those implants with a narrow zone (<2 mm) of keratinized mucosa. A wider mucosal band (≥2 mm) was associated with less mucosal recession and periodontal attachment loss compared with a narrow (<2 mm) band. The absence of adequate keratinized mucosa around implants supporting overdentures was associated with higher plaque accumulation, gingival inflammation, bleeding on probing, and mucosal recession.
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Cha, Bong-Kuen, Yeon-Hee Lee, Nam-Ki Lee, Dong-Soon Choi, and Seung-Hak Baek. "Soft Tissue Thickness for Placement of an Orthodontic Miniscrew Using an Ultrasonic Device." Angle Orthodontist 78, no. 3 (2008): 403–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/051607-237.1.
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Abstract Objectives: To evaluate area- and gender-related differences in the soft tissue thickness of potential areas for installing miniscrews in the buccal-attached gingiva and the palatal masticatory mucosa. Materials and Methods: The sample consisted of 61 Korean young adults. An ultrasonic gingival-thickness meter was used to measure the soft-tissue thickness in the buccal-attached gingiva just adjacent to the mucogingival junction of the upper and lower arches and 4 mm and 8 mm below the gingival crest in the palatal masticatory mucosa. Independent t-test, paired t-test, and one-way analysis of variance were used for statistical analysis. Results: Buccal-attached gingiva thickness in the upper arch was significantly greater in men than in women, but buccal-attached gingiva thickness in the lower arch and palatal masticatory mucosa thickness 4 and 8 mm below the gingival crest did not show gender differences. Significantly thicker soft tissue occurred in the anterior areas in the upper arch and in the posterior areas in the lower arch. In the palatal masticatory mucosa, significantly thicker soft tissue was found 4 mm below the gingival crest in the anterior areas and 8 mm below the gingival crest in the posterior areas. The areas between the canines and the premolars showed higher values than other areas 4 mm below the gingival crest. However, the soft-tissue thickness 8 mm below the gingival crest showed a progressive increase from the anterior to the posterior areas. Conclusion: Measurements of the soft-tissue thickness using an ultrasonic device could help practitioners select the proper orthodontic miniscrew in daily clinical practice.
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Nelonda, Revi, Nanan Nur’aeny, and Irna Sufiawati. "TANTANGAN FARMAKOLOGI PENGGUNAAN STEROID TOPIKAL PADA PASIEN ORAL LICHEN PLANUS." ODONTO : Dental Journal 6, no. 1 (2019): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/odj.6.1.30-36.
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Background: Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic autoimmune disease sprinkled by T cells on the oral mucosal surface. The goal of OLP treatment is to eliminate erythema, ulceration and relieve symptoms. Corticosteroids are the first line in the treatment of OLP, either systemically or topically. The problem arises when using topical steroids, namely the time of topical steroid attachment to the oral mucosa, especially in cases of OLP with clinical desquamative gingivitis. Some studies suggest that the use of individual gingival tray can overcome this problem. Objective: To provide information on topical steroid use in OLP cases with desquamative gingivitis clinical signs.Case Management: Women, age 31, complain that pain with burning on the lips and mouth is aggravated by spicy food. Intraoral examination shows irregular white plaques on the buccal, labial and dorsal mucosa of the tongue accompanied by diffuse erythema in the anterior gingiva of the upper and lower jaws. Patients diagnosed with OLP. Lesions improve 3 months after topical steroid administration, except lesions on the gingiva. Gingival individual tray is then used to obtain adequate attachment of topical steroids on the gingiva surface. The gingiva showed significant improvement after a month later.Conclusion: The use of topical steroid concoctions applied to the gingival individual tray is effective in treating OLP lesions especially with clinical signs of desquamative gingivitis.
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Mkonyi, Lilian Ephrem, Athanasia Bletsa, Inge Fristad, Helge Wiig, and Ellen Berggreen. "Importance of lymph vessels in the transcapillary fluid balance in the gingiva studied in a transgenic mouse model." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 299, no. 2 (2010): H275—H283. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.01199.2009.
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The gingiva is frequently challenged by oral bacterial products leading to inflammatory responses such as increased fluid filtration and edema formation. The role of initial lymphatics for transcapillary fluid balance in the gingiva is unknown and was therefore investigated in genetically engineered K14-VEGF receptor 3-Ig (K14) lymphedema mice. The mutant mice demonstrated a total lack of lymphatics in the gingiva, whereas lymphatics were found in the submucosal parts of the alveolar mucosa, although they were almost completely absent in the mucosa. In wild-type (WT) mice, lymphatic vessels were detected in mucosal and submucosal parts of the alveolar mucosa. Interstitial fluid pressure (Pif) measured with micropipettes was increased in the gingiva of K14 mice in the normal situation ( P < 0.001) and after inflammation ( P < 0.01) induced by lipopolysaccharide from the oral bacteria Porphyromonas gingivalis compared with WT littermates. Fluid volume expansion caused a >75% increase in interstitial fluid volume followed by a drop in Pif after recovery in both strains. Continuous measurements during the expansion showed an increase in Pif followed by a decline, suggesting that compliance is increased after the disruption of the extracellular matrix during edema formation. In the alveolar mucosa, no strain differences were observed in Pif in the normal situation or after fluid volume expansion, suggesting that lymph vessels in the mucosa are not critical for tissue fluid regulation in any situation. Our study demonstrates an important role of gingival lymphatics in transcapillary fluid balance in the steady-state condition and during acute perturbations.
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Dinyati, Maisaroh, Surijana Mapanggara, Andi M. Adam, and Sri Oktawati. "Treatment of dental polyclinic -induced gingivitis caused by secondary caries: a case report." Journal of Case Reports in Dental Medicine 1, no. 1 (2019): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.20956/jcrdm.v1i1.84.
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Objective: This case report aims to present gingival therapy with gingivectomy due to secondary caries and overhanging filling.Methods: A 21-year-old male patient come to the periodontal clinic for treatment. The initial examination revealed deep probing pocket depth with sulcus bleeding at 11, 12, 21 and 22. Teeth 34, 36, 37 were extracted. Patients was in a good health, smoker, and didn’t take any medication. The patient had scalling a week ago but the gingiva remains enlargement. Periapical radiograph showed bone in good density. Initial treatment performed by non-surgery treatment included Scalling and Root Planing (SRP) and 0.2% chlorhexidine solution twice daily for one week. Gingivectomy with conventional blade. The result of control showed reduced enlarged of gingiva and patient feel satisfied with the treatment. Control one week after surgery. After being cured clinically, composite filling applied on teeth 11 and 21.Results: Gingivitis caused by secondary caries, because of bacterial invasion of caries to the gingival mucosa. Gingivitis therapy performed by gingivectomy, the removal of amount of the hyperplated gingival mucosa. Conventional gingivectomy is an option of gingival enlargement therapy.Conclusion: The aim of gingival therapy is to eliminate inflammatory process and prevent the progression of gingival disease. Gingival disease including gingival enlargement or gingivitis. Gingivitis can be caused by various factors such as secondary caries and overhanging filling. Keywords: Gingival enlargement, Gingivectomy, Seconder caries.
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Wiet, Sidharta, Krismariono Agung, and Lay Aristo. "Gingival Recession Treatment With Utilization Of Free Gingival Autograft Technique: A Case Study." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEALTH & MEDICAL RESEARCH 03, no. 03 (2024): 140–45. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10877001.
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Background: Gingival recession is apical migration of marginal gingiva, causing exposure of the root surface of the tooth.To treat this condition, free gingival autograft is used to increase the keratinized gingiva in the deformed area. The aim of the case is to prove the efficacy of Free Gingival Autograft technique in increasing amount of keratinized gingiva in area affected by gingival recession.Case presentation: In this clinical case presentation, a systemically healthy 61‑years‑old female come to the Periodontics Department of Airlangga Dental and Mouth Hospital seeking treatment for her mandibular front teeth which appeared to be elongated clinically and aesthetically unpleasing.Case management: The patient was treated by free gingival autograft. Graft is harvested from the palatal, placed, and sutured on the recipient site. 1 month post treatment follow up showed good result, evident with increased amount of keratinized mucosa in the previously deformed area.Conclusion: Gingival recession is a complex condition which can be treated with free gingival autograft. This technique showed satisfactory result, evident with increase of keratinized gingiva at 1 month follow-up.
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Syarifah, Mufida Dzuriyatin, Rini Widyaningrum, and Rurie Ratna Shantiningsih. "Perbedaan jumlah mikronukleus mukosa gingiva dan mukosa bukal akibat radiasi radiografi panoramik." Jurnal Radiologi Dentomaksilofasial Indonesia 4, no. 1 (2020): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.32793/jrdi.v4i1.424.
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Objectives: Panoramic radiography exposure causes DNA damage and micronucleus formation. The gingival mucosa and buccal mucosa were used to identify the number of micronucleus due to radiation exposure because they have a high prevalence of oral cancer in Southeast Asia. This research is aimed to determine the difference between micronucleus formation at the buccal mucosa and the gingival mucosa after exposed by conventional panoramic radiography in the Dentomaxillofacial Radiology Installation of Prof. Soedomo dental hospital, Universitas Gadjah Mada. 
 Material and Methods: Samples were obtained by rolling the cervical brush against the buccal and gingival mucosa at 10 days after radiation exposure. Samples were stained using the Feulgen-Rossenbeck method and analyzed under binuclear light microscope with a 400x magnification.
 Results: Analysis of independent T tests showed that there was a significant difference (p<0,05) in the increasing of micronucleus formation between the buccal mucosa and the gingival mucosa. The average difference in the number of micronucleus were 5,5/1000 cells. 
 Conclusion: There were differences in the increasing of micronucleus between the buccal mucosa and the gingival mucosa due to exposure of conventional panoramic radiography. The buccal mucosa had higher increase than the gingival mucosa. 
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Vasudhara, Rathwa, Kumar Rathva Anil, and Bharwani Ashit. "Treatment Modalities of Gingival Hyper Pigmentation." International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 15, no. 6 (2023): 617–25. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12192997.
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Oral pigmentation is commonly observed in people with melanin dominance, in particular.The term "gingival pigmentation" refers to the gingiva's coloring as a result of lesions anddiseases linked to a variety of extrinsic and intrinsic causes. The causes of gingivalpigmentation are complex and multifactorial. The treatment of gingival pigmentation hasbecome more important over time because to the rising demand for aesthetics. Despite thefact that gingival pigmentation is not a pathological issue, patients frequently want aestheticsurgery. The gingiva's hue can be consistent, and its look can change significantly accordingon the location, depth, and pigmentation level.Following areas of the mouth exhibit oral pigmentation:• Lower vermillion border (the exposed pink or the reddish marginnof a lip)• Tongue• Oral mucosa• Gingiva• PalateMelanin hyperpigmentation has been treated with de-pigmentation techniques like scalpelsurgery, gingivectomy with free gingival autografting, electro surgery, cryosurgery, chemicalagents like 90% phenol and 95% alcohol, abrasion with diamond bur, Nd: YAG laser, andCO2 laser.The instances that follow describe several surgical de-pigmentation methods, includingelectrocautery, carbide bur abrasive technique, and knife surgery. When it comes to cosmeticresults, a conventional scalpel produced better results than any other.
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Glebova, Larisa I., and Ekaterina V. Zadionchenko. "Elderly woman with acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (Vincent disease): a case report." Clinical review for general practice 2, no. 4 (2021): 60–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.47407/kr2021.2.4.00061.
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Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (Vincent disease) is an inflammatory disease also known as ulcerative gingivitis, necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis, fusospirochetal stomatitis, Plaut-Vincent stomatitis, and trench mouth. In case of gingival lesions the Vincent gingivitis is diagnosed; in case of simultaneous lesions of the gingivae and oral mucosa the disease is considered the Vincent stomatitis, and in case of pharyngeal tonsil it is considered the Vincent angina. Rare case of the elderly woman with the disease involving gingival and palatal mucosa is reported. Main causes of the disease are discussed, differential diagnoses are listed, and preventive measures are outlined.
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Negara, Mellani Cindera. "Depigmentasi Gingiva Menggunakan Teknik Bedah Scalpel pada Pasien dengan Hiperpigmentasi Gingiva : Sebuah Laporan Kasus." Jurnal Kesehatan Gigi dan Mulut (JKGM) 5, no. 1 (2023): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.36086/jkgm.v5i1.1605.
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Background: Gingival hyperpigmentation is a physiological pigmentation genetically, appearing with brown to black pigment on the gingiva and oral mucosa which is an aesthetic problem for patients. Purpose: This case report aims to discuss gingival depigmentation procedure using scalpel surgical techniques in patients with gingival hyperpigmentation. Case presentation: A 27-year-old female patient reported brown discoloration on the gums of her upper and lower front teeth which she had noticed ten years ago. Gingival depigmentation using scalpel surgical technique is performed to remove the pigment. Conclusion: Gingival hyperpigmentation is an aesthetic problem that is of concern to patients and requires surgical intervention to remove the pigment, one of them are gingival depigmentation with a scalpel surgery.
 Keywords: gingival depigmentation, gingival hyperpigmentation, scalpel surgery
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Gera, Divya, Anshul Tanwar, Anant G. Nigam, Shradha Jain, and Vipul Sharma. "Pyogenic granuloma in a 6-year-old boy - a rare case report." International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics 10, no. 4 (2023): 607–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20230749.
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The gingiva, also known as the gums, is the pink-coloured keratinized mucosa that surrounds and protects the teeth. Gingival enlargement or gingival overgrowth, a common trait of gingival disease, is characterized by an increase in the size of gingiva. Irritation fibroma is an exophytic soft tissue mass in the oral mucosa. Indeed, it is not a real neoplasm, but a focal hyperplasia of fibrous connective tissue induced by local trauma or chronic irritation. Pyogenic granuloma is one of the inflammatory hyperplasia seen in the oral cavity, majority are found on the marginal gingiva with only 15% of the tumours on the alveolar part. It predominantly occurs in the second decade of life in young females, male to female ratio is 1:99, and size of lesion varies in diameter from few millimetres to several centimetres. This article presents a case of pyogenic granuloma in an 6year old boy who presented with a gingival overgrowth in his mandibular left buccal surface region i.r.t 31 including marginal and attached gingiva. He had discomfort during mastication, interferes with occlusion there was episode of bleeding during brushing. The lesion was excised and histopathological report confirmed the diagnosis. Case was followed up for six months and no recurrence of the lesion. Etiological factors, clinical features, differential diagnosis and different treatment options are discussed based on the review of current literature available.
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Shantiningsih, Rurie Ratna, Suwaldi Suwaldi, Indwiani Astuti, and Munakhir Mudjosemedi. "Peningkatan Jumlah Mikronukleus pada Mukosa Gingiva Kelinci Setelah Paparan Radiografi Panoramik." Majalah Kedokteran Gigi Indonesia 20, no. 2 (2013): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/majkedgiind.6738.
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Mikronukleus merupakan salah satu tanda awal terjadinya kerusakan DNA yang ditemukan pada mukosa gingiva manusia setelah paparan radiografi dental panoramik. Peningkatan jumlah mikronukleus terjadi paling tinggi pada hari ke-10 dan selanjutnya mengalami penurunan sampai dengan hari ke-14. Kelinci memiliki karakter dan periode turn-over mukosa gingiva yang hampir sama dengan manusia berkisar antara 10-12 hari. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengevaluasi apakah peningkatan jumlah mikronukleus pada mukosa gingiva kelinci setelah paparan radiografi panoramik. Sembilan ekor kelinci dibagi menjadi 3 kelompok untuk mewakili hari ke-3, 6 dan 9 setelah paparan radiografi panoramik. Sebelum dan sesudah diberikan paparan radiografi panoramik, setiap hewan coba dilakukan apusan pada mukosa gingiva anterior rahang bawah menggunakan cervical brush. Hasil apusan dilakukan pewarnaan dengan modifikasi Feulgen-Rossenbeck dan dihitung jumlah mikronukleus menggunakan mikroskop yang disambungkan dengan optilab. Analisis statistik dilakukan menggunakan paired t-test. Analisis statistik menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang signifikan (p<0,05) antara jumlah mikronukleus sebelum dan 9 hari sesudah paparan radiografi panoramik. Akan tetapi tidak ditemukan perbedaan yang signifikan (p>0,05) antara sebelum paparan dibandingkan hari ke-3 dan ke-6 setelah paparan radiografi panoramik. Kesimpulang dari hasil penelitian ini sejalan dengan penelitian sebelumnya pada manusia bahwa peningkatan jumlah mikronukleus terjadi pada hari ke-9 setelah paparan radiografi panoramik. Hasil ini mengindikasikan bahwa pada kelinci juga menunjukkan peningkatan jumlah mikronukleus di mukosa gingiva akibat paparan radiografi panoramik.Micronucleus Increase After Panoramic Radiography Exposure In Rabbit’s Gingival Mucosa. Micronucleus is one of the early states of DNA damage found in human gingival mucosa after dental panoramic radiography exposure. The increasing amount of micronucleus will reach a peak in the tenth day after the exposure, and it will continuously decrease right after the fourteenth day. Rabbit has almost the same gingival mucosa and turn-over period with human for about 10-12 days. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the increasing amount of micronucleus in rabbit’s gingival mucosa after panoramic radiography exposure. A total of nine New Zealand rabbits were divided into 3 groups to represent day of 3rd, 6th and 9th after the panoramic radiography exposure. The mandibular anterior gingival mucosa of each animals was swabbed using a cervical brush before and after panoramic radiography exposure. The samples were stained with Feulgen-Rossenbeck modification, and the amount of micronucleus was counted using a microscope that is connected to Optilab. Statistical analysis was performed using paired t-test. The statistical analysis showed that there was significant difference (p <0.05) between the number of micronucleus before exposure and 9th day after panoramic radiography exposure. Moreover, there was no significant difference (p> 0.05) between the amount of micronucleus before exposure compared with 3rd and 6th day after panoramic radiography exposure. Based on the experiment, it is concluded that the result is consistent with previous studies conducted in human that there was increasing amount of micronucleus at the 9th day after panoramic radiography exposure. This result indicates that rabbit performs the increasing amount of micronucleus in gingival mucosa because of panoramic radiography exposure
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Andriani, Dwi, and Panky Hermawan. "Diagnosing an Acute Leukemia From a Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis in The Oral Cavity: a Case Report." Odonto : Dental Journal 10, no. 2 (2023): 299. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/odj.10.2.299-305.
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Background: Necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (NUG) is an acute onset of gingival disease, that presents as an acute, painful, and destructive ulceration and inflammation of gingival tissue. This condition is one of the oral manifestations of leukemia in addition to gingival enlargement and spontaneous bleeding, oral ulceration, petechiae, hematoma, and pale mucosa. Case Report: We reported A 50-year-old woman presented with gum swelling, pain, and easy bleeding in the lower jaw gums. The patient often experiences fatigue, spontaneous bruising, dry skin, and hair loss. Extraoral examination revealed bruises on the hand. Intraoral examination revealed swelling, erythematous and ulcerative lesion, tartar, bleeding on probing in the lingual gingiva of lower central incisor teeth, mucosa pallor, and minor petechiae were observed at the buccal mucosa region 47-48. The provisional diagnosis was NUG with suspicion of systemic disorder. Result: A complete blood count was performed which showed anemia, leukopenia, neutropenia, lymphocytosis, and thrombocytopenia. We diagnosed NUG in acute leukemia patients. Conclusion: This case demonstrates the detection of leukemia and its oral manifestations in acute leukemia patient. The patient was referred to the hematologist oncology.
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FIORIN, Luiz Guilherme, Ester Oliveira SANTOS, Gabriela Carrara SIMIONATO, et al. "ENXERTO GENGIVAL LIVRE EM INCISIVOS INFERIORES PARA AUMENTO DA FAIXA DE TECIDO QUERATINIZADO." UNIFUNEC CIENTÍFICA MULTIDISCIPLINAR 14, no. 16 (2025): 1–13. https://doi.org/10.24980/ucm.v14i16.6331.
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A gengiva queratinizada é de extrema importância para a proteção e manutenção da saúde periodontal, prevenindo a instalação de doenças periodontais e de recessões gengivais. Por isso quando esta faixa não é suficiente, uma cirurgia para o aumento de mucosa queratinizada pode ser indicada. Dentre os procedimentos cirúrgicos disponíveis, a técnica do enxerto gengival livre - EGL é consagrada na literatura periodontal para esse propósito. Este estudo relata um caso clínico de EGL em uma paciente feminina com 63 anos, visando aumentar a faixa da mucosa queratinizada na região de dentes inferiores, impedindo assim a progressão ou recidiva das recessões gengivais. Diante dos resultados clínicos do acompanhamento pós-operatório de 2 anos, pode-se concluir que o enxerto gengival livre é uma técnica previsível e de fácil realização para aumento da faixa de mucosa queratinizada em dentes inferiores com recessões gengivais e manutenção da saúde periodontal. FREE GINGIVAL GRAFT IN LOWER INCISORS TO INCREASE THE WIDTH OF KERATINIZED TISSUE: TWO-YEAR FOLLOW-UP ABSTRACT Keratinized gingiva plays a crucial role in protecting and maintaining periodontal health by preventing the onset of periodontal diseases and gingival recession. When the width of keratinized tissue is insufficient, surgical intervention may be indicated to increase it. Among the available surgical techniques, the free gingival graft (FGG) is well established in the periodontal literature for this purpose. This study reports a clinical case of FGG in a 63-year-old female patient, aimed at increasing the width of keratinized mucosa in the mandibular incisor region, thereby preventing the progression or recurrence of gingival recession. Based on the clinical outcomes observed during the two-year postoperative follow-up, it can be concluded that the free gingival graft is a predictable and technically straightforward procedure for augmenting the keratinized tissue in lower anterior teeth affected by gingival recession, while supporting the maintenance of periodontal health. Keywords: free gingival graft; gingival recession; case report.
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Kristanti, Risma Aprinda. "The Effect of Carica Pubescens Lenne and K. Koch Fruit Extract from Dieng Plateau and Cangar to the Amount of Fibroblasts Cells on the Healing of Oral Mucosal Inflammation." Journal of Islamic Pharmacy 1, no. 1 (2016): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.18860/jip.v1i1.3457.
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<p>The purposes of this research are to know the effect of <em>C.pubescens</em> fruit extract on the amount of gingival fibroblasts in wound healing of <em>Rattus </em><em>norvegicus</em> mouth cavity’s mucosal and to know the effect of <em>C.pubescens</em> comes from two different areas (Dieng and Cangar) on the amount of gingival fibroblasts in wound healing of <em>Rattus</em><em> norvegicus</em> oral mucosa. Twenty eight rats are divided to be four groups (K1, K2, K3, and K4), each rat is wounded 1 cm on the gingival mucosa of lower jaw (specifically on the apical region of incisive teeth). K1 is the control group with aquadest treatment on the wound. The wound in the K2 is treated with <em>C.pubescens </em>fruit extract from Dieng. The wound in the K3 is treated with <em>C.pubescens </em>fruit extract from Cangar. And the treatment for K4 is medicated by policresulen (common medicine for oral mucosal wound). On the fifth day of the treatment, all rats are sacrificed, and the gingival tissue is taken up for the next step. Gingival tissue is smeared by Haematoxylin Eosin (HE) to analyze the amount of gingival fibroblasts histologically. The result of this research shows that the highest average amount of gingival fibroblasts comes from K4 (policresulen treatment). And there is no significant difference on the number of <em>Rattus norvegicus</em> gingival fibroblasts from all of the groups (K1, K2, K3, and K4).</p><p> </p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: <em>fibroblast, gingival, wound, mucosa, mouth, C.pubescens</em></p>
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Samchuk, D. P., A. A. Pulin, I. I. Eremin, et al. "Comparative analysis of secretory profile of human mesenchymal stromal cells differentiated in myogenic direction." Genes & Cells 10, no. 3 (2015): 94–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.23868/gc120505.
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Up to this day there are lots of data accumulated about the role of cytokines in regulation of different tissues homeostasis independently of inflammation framework. Skeletal muscles produce a wide range of biologically active molecules both in a normal condition and after injuries of different etiologies. Moreover, cultures of cells isolated from muscle tissue show same properties. In this regard identification of cytokines profile secreted by cells with myogenic potential is of particular importance as it will help to choose optimal cell types and their sources for clinical application Our research group previously demonstrated the possibility of obtainment of myogenic cells from gingival mucosa derived multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MMSC) However, secretory profile of this myogenic cells is not thoroughly investigated to this day The study was conducted on cultures of skin fibroblasts, MMSc derived from the attached and alveolar parts of the gingival mucosa and gingival mucosa MMSc, differentiated in a myogenic direction cells were isolated from skin and gingival mucosa biopsy specimens of 15 healthy volunteers. ELISA assay was performed for evaluation of 48 proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and growth factors Our data demonstrates tendency of most investigated proteins secretion gradual increase in the following sequence: skin fibroblasts - attached gingival mucosa MMSC - alveolar gingival mucosa MMSC - differentiated myoblasts, including factors directly involved in myogenesis, skeletal muscle homeostasis and regeneration Thus, alveolar gingival mucosa MMSC both before and after induction of myogenic differentiation potentially could facilitate skeletal muscle regeneration Our results indicate that subpopulation of MMSC derived from alveolar gingival mucosa are perspective candidates for clinical usage in patients with skeletal muscle disorders
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Albagieh, Hamad, Ashwag Aloyouny, and Shatha Alharthi. "Case Report: A rare presentation and diagnosis of gingival melanoacanthoma caused by teeth whitening strips." F1000Research 9 (December 14, 2020): 1452. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.27999.1.
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Background: Oral melanoacanthoma is not common. It occurs mostly on the buccal mucosa. Since it happens suddenly and progresses rapidly, it clinically resembles melanoma. Melanoacanthoma occurs in regions susceptible to trauma. The clinical presentation of the lesion is not enough to diagnose it; therefore, tissue biopsy is necessary to exclude malignancy. Case report: We report a case of oral melanoacanthoma in a rare mucosal location in a 21-year old female patient. The generalized gingival melanoacanthoma was caused as a result of using teeth whitening strips. This irritating factor increased melanocyte activity in the gingival tissues and labial mucosa. Discussion: Oral melanoacanthoma is a rarely encountered pigmented lesion in the oral cavity and is especially uncommon in the gingiva. It is a reactive lesion affecting the mucous membranes with no risk of malignant transformation. This case report shows that teeth whitening strips may trigger oral melanoacanthoma in susceptible individuals. Long-term irritation of the oral tissues may increase the number of dendritic melanocytes throughout the epithelium and accordingly increase the brown pigmentation of the oral cavity. Eliminating all possible local sources of irritation and ruling out other causative factors are the standard first steps in the oral melanoacanthoma therapy. Conclusions: This case shows the importance of including oral melanoacanthoma in the differential diagnosis of diffuse gingival pigmented lesions.
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Albagieh, Hamad, Ashwag Aloyouny, and Shatha Alharthi. "Case Report: A rare presentation and diagnosis of gingival melanoacanthoma caused by teeth whitening strips: A Case Report." F1000Research 9 (December 21, 2020): 1452. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.27999.2.
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Background: Oral melanoacanthoma is not common. It occurs mostly on the buccal mucosa. Since it happens suddenly and progresses rapidly, it clinically resembles melanoma. Melanoacanthoma occurs in regions susceptible to trauma. The clinical presentation of the lesion is not enough to diagnose it; therefore, tissue biopsy is necessary to exclude malignancy. Case report: We report a case of oral melanoacanthoma in a rare mucosal location in a 21-year old female patient in whom generalized gingival melanoacanthoma was related to the use of the teeth whitening strips. This irritating factor increased melanocyte activity in the gingival tissues and labial mucosa. Discussion: Oral melanoacanthoma is a rarely encountered pigmented lesion in the oral cavity and is especially uncommon in the gingiva. It is a reactive lesion affecting the mucous membranes with no risk of malignant transformation. This case report shows that teeth whitening strips may trigger oral melanoacanthoma in susceptible individuals. Long-term irritation of the oral tissues may increase the number of dendritic melanocytes throughout the epithelium and accordingly increase the brown pigmentation of the oral cavity. Eliminating all possible local sources of irritation and ruling out other causative factors are the standard first step in the treatment of oral melanoacanthoma. Conclusions: This case shows the importance of including oral melanoacanthoma in the differential diagnosis of diffuse gingival pigmented lesions.
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Walker, DM. "Oral Mucosal Immunology: An Overview." Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore 33, no. 4 Suppl (2004): 27S—30S. http://dx.doi.org/10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.v33n4p27s.
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The primary function of the immune system of the mouth is to protect the teeth, jaws, gingivae and oral mucosa against infection. These host defences vary in the different oral microenvironments or domains represented by the oral mucosa, saliva and gingival crevice. This review aims to consider and contrast the main immune components in each domain and cites examples of oral diseases where the immune response is defective.
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Mathews, Michael, Hong Peng Jia, Janet M. Guthmiller та ін. "Production of β-Defensin Antimicrobial Peptides by the Oral Mucosa and Salivary Glands". Infection and Immunity 67, № 6 (1999): 2740–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.67.6.2740-2745.1999.
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ABSTRACT β-Defensins are cationic peptides with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity that are produced by epithelia at mucosal surfaces. Two human β-defensins, HBD-1 and HBD-2, were discovered in 1995 and 1997, respectively. However, little is known about the expression of HBD-1 or HBD-2 in tissues of the oral cavity and whether these proteins are secreted. In this study, we characterized the expression of HBD-1 and HBD-2 mRNAs within the major salivary glands, tongue, gingiva, and buccal mucosa and detected β-defensin peptides in salivary secretions. Defensin mRNA expression was quantitated by RNase protection assays. HBD-1 mRNA expression was detected in the gingiva, parotid gland, buccal mucosa, and tongue. Expression of HBD-2 mRNA was detected only in the gingival mucosa and was most abundant in tissues with associated inflammation. To test whether β-defensin expression was inducible, gingival keratinocyte cell cultures were treated with interleukin-1β (IL-1β) or bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 24 h. HBD-2 expression increased ∼16-fold with IL-1β treatment and ∼5-fold in the presence of LPS. Western immunoblotting, liquid chromatography, and mass spectrometry were used to identify the HBD-1 and HBD-2 peptides in human saliva. Human β-defensins are expressed in oral tissues, and the proteins are secreted in saliva; HBD-1 expression was constitutive, while HBD-2 expression was induced by IL-1β and LPS. Human β-defensins may play an important role in the innate defenses against oral microorganisms.
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Pradhan, Shaili, and Benju Shrestha. "Correlation of Width of Attached Gingiva on Oral Hygiene Maintenance and Gingival Health." Journal of Nepalese Society of Periodontology and Oral Implantology 4, no. 1 (2020): 5–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnspoi.v4i1.30895.
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Introduction: Attached gingiva aids in increased resistance to external injury and contribute in stabilisation of gingival margin against frictional forces as well as dissipates physiological forces exerted by the muscular fibers of the alveolar mucosa on gingival tissues.
 Objective: To assess width of attached gingiva in adults and correlate with oral hygiene maintenance and gingival inflammation.
 Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in patients aged 20-40 years visiting dental OPD with healthy periodontium. Plaque index (PI) and Gingival index (GI) were recorded. Mucogingival junction was determined by visual and functional method. Keratinised gingiva width (KGW) and probing pocket depth (PPD) was recorded and attached gingiva width (AGW) was calculated as (KGW–PPD).
 Results: Total 85 patients (43 males and 42 females) enrolled in this study. Among total, 48.23% had AGW<1 mm. AGW <1 mm most commonly was found in mandibular first premolar, highest mean AGW was found in maxillary incisors. The mean GI and PI values for AGW<1 mm were found to be higher than those for AGW≥ 1 mm. However, result did not show any significant relation between AGW and severity of gingival inflammation (P value 0.608) and plaque control (P value 0.297).
 Conclusion: The correlation between attached gingiva width and severity of gingival inflammation and plaque index was not significant statistically. However, the mean gingival index and plaque index score were higher for the attached gingiva width less than 1 mm.
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Korporowicz, Emil, Dorota Olczak-Kowalczyk, Maja Lipiec, Monika Słowińska, Dariusz Gozdowski, and Sergiusz Jóźwiak. "Oral Findings in Children, Adolescents and Adults with Tuberous Sclerosis Complex." Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry 44, no. 3 (2020): 190–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.17796/1053-4625-44.3.10.
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Objectives: Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a multisystem genetic disorder characterized by the development of benign tumors. The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of oral lesions in patients with TSC and healthy individuals. Study design: The study included 120 patients aged 1.1 to 42.7 years: 60 patients with TSC and 60 controls. Clinical assessment of oral hygiene (Plaque Index–PLI), gingiva (Gingival Index–GI, Gingival Overgrowth Index–GOI), oral mucosa and dentition (caries, tooth wear, enamel defects) was performed. Statistical analysis was performed. Results: 40 patients with TSC received anticonvulsants. Neglected hygiene (PLI: 1.50±0.96 vs 0.92±0.72), gingival hyperplasia (50.0% vs.1.7%), gingivitis (80.7% vs. 53.4%), oral mucosal fibromas (10.0% vs. 0.0%), mucous membrane traumatic lesions (11.7% vs. 1.7%), enamel pits and hypoplasia of incisal borders (41.7% vs. 6.7%), tooth wear (35.0% vs. 11.7%) were more common in patients with TSC compared to controls; increased gingival hyperplasia was correlated with vigabatrin and levetiracetam treatment (r = 0.266 and 0.279, respectively), gingivitis was correlated with PLI (r= 0.635). Conclusions: Although gingival fibromas in TSC are independent of patient’s age, young age, anticonvulsant therapy and local factors increase their severity. Enamel defects in TSC include pits, but also enamel loss on the incisal edges and tooth wear.
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Sheshukova, O. V., S. S. Bauman, and H. A. Yeroshenko. "CYTOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CELLULAR COMPOSITION OF GINGIVAL MUCOSA IN SCHOOL-AGE CHILDREN." Актуальні проблеми сучасної медицини: Вісник Української медичної стоматологічної академії 19, no. 2 (2019): 146–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.31718/2077-1096.19.2.146.
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Relevance of research. Morphological study is one of the precise methods to identify pathology in the early stages. Until present, no reports on cellular composition of the gingival mucosa in children by using cytological method have been carried out. The aim of the work was to establish the characteristics of the cellular composition of the gingival mucosa of school-age children in normal conditions. Material and methods. Cytological examination included 150 children aged 6, 12 and 15, living in Poltava, who had no clinical signs of oral diseases. Smears were obtained by scraping from the gingival mucosa and stained by May-Grunwald. Results and discussion. The results of cytolograms of the cellular composition of gingiva in school children have shown that superficial cells predominate. The largest number of them is determined in 6 year-old children. The process of physiological keratinisation in the epithelial plate of gingival mucosa in school-age children is diverse and keratinisation occurs both due to the phenomenon of physiological necrosis, i. e. apoptosis of superficial cells, and due to orthokeratosis manifested by epithelial cells in the cytoplasm of eosinophilic granules with the subsequent formation of horny scales. This type of keratinisation is the leading one along with the destruction of mitochondria and a decrease in the number of enzymes in the horny scales. From the age of 6, the average number of surface cells in the cytograms decreases, while the intermediate and horny scales increase to 12 years and remains constant in 15 year-old children.
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Olvya, Shintia, Isti Rahayu Suryani, and Rurie Ratna Shantiningsih. "Perbedaan peningkatan jumlah mikronukleus antara mukosa gingiva dan mukosa bukal akibat paparan radiografi panoramik digital." Jurnal Radiologi Dentomaksilofasial Indonesia 3, no. 2 (2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.32793/jrdi.v3i2.483.
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Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the differences in the number of micronuclei between the gingival mucosa and the buccal mucosa due to exposure to digital panoramic radiography.
 Material and Methods: This study used 10 healthy individuals aged 18-25 years. Exfoliated epithelial cell samples from the gingival and buccal mucosa were taken from the patient on the 10th day after exposure to digital panoramic radiography. The coloring method used is Feulgen-Rossenbeck.
 Results: The micronucleus calculation was performed by the method of assessing 1000 cells per slide using a binuclear light microscope with a magnification of 400x. The results of the analysis by unpaired T test showed that the difference in the increase in the number of micronuclei was statistically significant (p <0.05). The average difference in the increase in the number of micronuclei was 3.5 ± 0.767. There is a significant difference in the increase in the number of micronuclei between the gingival mucosa and the buccal mucosa due to exposure to digital panoramic radiography with an increase in the number of micronucleus in the buccal mucosa higher than the gingival mucosa.
 Conclusion: The conclusion of this study is that digital panoramic radiography can cause genotoxic effects on the gingival and buccal mucosa. Digital panoramic radiography is used if needed.
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Silva, Andreia Aparecida da, Camila Lopes Cardoso, Evânio Vilela Silva, Jorge Esquiche León, and Heitor Albergoni da Silveira. "Gingival Cyst of the Adult Involving Alveolar Mucosa and Gingiva: Case Report." ARCHIVES OF HEALTH INVESTIGATION 11, no. 3 (2022): 400–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.21270/archi.v11i3.5647.
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The gingival cyst of the adult is an uncommon odontogenic cyst, etiologically related to the dental lamina. The aim of this study was to report a clinical case of gingival cyst of the adult. A 60-year-old male patient was referred to evaluate a lesion located in the anterior region of the left maxilla, close to the teeth #21 and #22. The patient’s medical history was not remarkable. Intraoral examination showed a nodular lesion covered by normal-appearing oral mucosa, asymptomatic, well-defined, with evolution of approximately 5 months. Since the periapical radiograph examination did not reveal any bone changes, the main diagnostic hypothesis was gingival cyst of the adult. By microscopy, typical features of gingival cyst of the adult were observed. The patient was monitoring and, after 3-year follow up, no signs of recurrence were demonstrated. Although rare, the gingival cyst of the adult should be considered in the differential diagnosis of any swelling involving the gingival region.
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Żurek, Jacek, Wojciech Niemczyk, Marzena Dominiak, Stanisław Niemczyk, Rafał Wiench, and Dariusz Skaba. "Gingival Augmentation Using Injectable Platelet-Rich Fibrin (i-PRF)—A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials." Journal of Clinical Medicine 13, no. 18 (2024): 5591. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm13185591.
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Background: In recent years, the utilization of blood concentrates in dentistry has become increasingly prevalent. In 2014, the development of injectable platelet-rich fibrin (i-PRF) was achieved. One of the key benefits of i-PRF is its ability to consistently release a range of growth factors. This review aimed to determine whether i-PRF could be used for gingival augmentation. Methods: The research involved a search of the PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases using the following search terms: (“microneedling” or “micro needling” or “injectable platelet-rich fibrin” or “i-PRF”) and (“gingival augmentation” or “augmentation” or “attached gingiva’” or “attached mucosa” or “soft tissue augmentation” or “KM” or “keratinized mucosa”). Results: Of the 668 results, 8 articles meeting the inclusion criteria were included in the article. The results of the studies analyzed indicated a significant increase in gingival thickness. Furthermore, some articles demonstrated an increase in keratinized tissue width. The augmentation of the gingival thickness with i-PRF yielded no inferior results in comparison to the free gingival graft, which is the current gold standard, resulting in a superior aesthetic outcome and a reduction in postoperative discomfort. Conclusions: This systematic review allowed the authors to conclude that the use of i-PRF or hyaluronic acid may be the first step towards developing a non-surgical method of gingival augmentation.
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Giorgadze, Tamar, Sophio Giorgadze, and Shalva Pharulava. "EFFECT OF METAL-CERAMIC PROSTHESIS ON GINGIVAL MUCOSA." Ambiance in Life International Scientific Journal in Medicine of Southern Caucasus 04, no. 02 (2020): 28–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.36962/0402202028.
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The fixed dental prosthesis is one of the most commonly used prosthesis in dental clinical practice for restoring function and health of oral tissues. This type of dental prosthesis is not without complications, as these restorations often extend into the gingival sulcus, and gingival epithelial cells come into contact with them. Unfortunately, they also alter and modify oral microbial flora. The aim of the present study is to identify the dynamics of changes of mucosa in the region of metallo-ceramic prosthesis. We have examined three groups of patients, according to the length of wearing time of metallo-ceramic prosthesis: I group - 1year, II group – 1-5 years and III group – 6-10 years. Each group includes two subgroup, where was studied influence of supportive and intermediate parts of Metal-Ceramic prosthesis on gingival mucosa. The gingival mucosa was examined by Papanicolaou staining and cytomorphometric indexes. A review of the literature and the results of our study demonstrated the effect of metallo-ceramic prosthesis on the dynamics of changes in the surrounding gingival mucosa. At the same time, the literature searches around the present study also showed possible reasons for the changes mentioned above. It was shown that the success of fixed dental prosthesis depends on many factors which should be considered during treatment planning. Therefore, a detailed analysis of the changes in the gingival mucosa surrounding the fixed ceramic-metal prosthesis and their possible causes are necessary prerequisites for successful prosthetics. Keywords: Fixed Metal-Ceramic prosthesis; Gingival Mucosa; Cytomorphometric Indexes;
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Chaves-Álvarez, A. J., I. M. Rodríguez-Nevado, D. de Argila-Fernández, and F. Monje-Gil. "Mácula hiperpigmentada en mucosa gingival." Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas 98, no. 5 (2007): 367–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0001-7310(07)70085-6.
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Chaves-Álvarez, A. J., I. M. Rodríguez-Nevado, D. de Argila-Fernández, and F. Monje-Gil. "Hyperpigmented Macule in Gingival Mucosa." Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas (English Edition) 98, no. 5 (2007): 367–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1578-2190(07)70465-1.
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Català, A., M. Alegre, A. Alomar, and P. Domingo. "Nódulo sésil en mucosa gingival." Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas 103, no. 5 (2012): 433–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ad.2011.08.011.
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Razdan, Reena, Maxwell D. Newby, and Michele M. Carr. "Orofacial Granulomatosis in a Child." Case Reports in Pediatrics 2019 (December 3, 2019): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/7519267.
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Orofacial granulomatosis (OFG) is a rare, idiopathic disorder of the orofacial region. It is clinically characterized by persistent and/or recurrent enlargement of the soft tissues of the oral and maxillofacial region, often manifesting as labial enlargement and swelling of intraoral sites such as the gingiva, tongue, and buccal mucosa. Full-thickness mucosal biopsy reveals noncaseating granulomatous inflammation, similar to Crohn’s disease and sarcoidosis. Thus, OFG must be distinguished from other chronic granulomatous disorders. We report a case of a young female patient who presented with labial and maxillary gingival enlargement without any identifiable systemic causes, with suggested involvement of environmental triggers.
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Marin, Danny Omar Mendoza, Andressa Rosa Perin Leite, Lélis Gustavo Nícoli, Claudio Marcantonio, Marco Antonio Compagnoni, and Elcio Marcantonio. "Free Gingival Graft to Increase Keratinized Mucosa after Placing of Mandibular Fixed Implant-Supported Prosthesis." Case Reports in Dentistry 2017 (2017): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/5796768.
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Insufficiently keratinized tissue can be increased surgically by free gingival grafting. The presence or reconstruction of keratinized mucosa around the implant can facilitate restorative procedure and allow the maintenance of an oral hygiene routine without irritation or discomfort to the patient. The aim of this clinical case report is to describe an oral rehabilitation procedure of an edentulous patient with absence of keratinized mucosa in the interforaminal area, using a free gingival graft associated with a mandibular fixed implant-supported prosthesis. The treatment included the manufacturing of a maxillary complete denture and a mandibular fixed implant-supported prosthesis followed by a free gingival graft to increase the width of the mandibular keratinized mucosa. Free gingival graft was obtained from the palate and grafted on the buccal side of interforaminal area. The follow-up of 02 and 12 months after mucogingival surgery showed that the free gingival graft promoted peri-implant health, hygiene, and patient comfort.Clinical Significance. The free gingival graft is an effective treatment in increasing the width of mandibular keratinized mucosa on the buccal side of the interforaminal area and provided an improvement in maintaining the health of peri-implant tissues which allows for better oral hygiene.
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Candotto, Valentina, Furio Pezzetti, Alessandro Baj, et al. "Phenytoin and gingival mucosa: A molecular investigation." International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology 33 (January 2019): 205873841982825. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2058738419828259.
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Several distinct classes of drugs, such as anticonvulsants, immunosuppressants, and calcium channel blockers, caused gingival overgrowth. One of the main drugs associated with the gingival overgrowth is the anti-epileptic such as phenytoin, which affects gingival tissues by altering extracellular matrix metabolism. In our study, we evaluate the effect of phenytoin, a drug whose active substance is phenytoin, on gingival fibroblasts of healthy volunteers. Gene expression of 29 genes was investigated in gingival fibroblasts’ cell culture treated with phenytoin compared with untreated cells. Among the studied genes, only 13 genes (CXCL5, CXCL10, CCR1, CCR3, CCR5, CCR6, IL-1A, IL-1B, IL-5, IL-7, IL-6R, BMP-2, and TNFSF-10) were statistically significant. All but one gene resulted downregulated after 24 h of treatment with phenytoin. BPM2 was the only, although weakly, up-expressed gene. Probably, we have not highlighted overexpression of the other inflammatory molecules because the study was performed on healthy people. Many studies show that phenytoin induces the overexpression of these cytokines but, probably, in our study, the drug does not have the same effect because we used gingival fibroblasts of healthy people.
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Lagos, Maria Luiza P., Adriana Campos Passanezi Sant'Ana, Sebastião Luiz Aguiar Greghi, and Euloir Passanezi. "Keratinized Gingiva Determines a Homeostatic Behavior of Gingival Sulcus through Transudation of Gingival Crevice Fluid." International Journal of Dentistry 2011 (2011): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/953135.
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Objective. To shed light on the role of KG, its influence on periodontal behavior was investigated.Methods. Tissue fluid transudation was assessed in alveolar mucosa (P1A), outer gingival margin (P1B), at entrance of (P2) and within gingival sulcus (P3), before and after chewing of fibrous food in 16 patients portraying ≥2 mm KG at one tooth (group 1), and <2 mm at another homologous tooth (group 2).Results. There was a significant increase in GCF after chewing at P1B and P3 in group 1 and at P1A in group 2 (t-test, ).Conclusions. The results suggest that KG plays a role in marginal periodontal homeostasis.
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Aboujaoude, Samia, Roula Dib Khalaf, Carla Moukarzel, and Georges Aoun. "Laser Resection of a Peripheral Giant Cell Granuloma in a 12 Year Old Boy: A Case Report." Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research 35, no. 17 (2023): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jammr/2023/v35i175097.
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Peripheral giant cell granuloma is the most common non-neoplastic lesion that arises from the gingiva or alveolar mucosa. Although its etiology remains unclear, it is believed to be a reactive gingival overgrowth in response to local irritation, chronic trauma, or hormonal imbalance. In this report, we discuss the case of a 12-year-old male patient who presented with complaint of chewing difficulties due to gingival growth. The diagnosis of peripheral giant cell granuloma was made based on clinical and histopathological examinations. The lesion was removed with a diode laser in a chairside procedure.
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Reshmaa, R., R. Kadhiresan, U. Arunmozhi, and R. Shanmugapriya. "Rare presentation of gingival squamous cell carcinoma of maxillary posterior region mimicking pyogenic granuloma in a non-smoker – A case report." IP International Journal of Periodontology and Implantology 6, no. 3 (2021): 174–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijpi.2021.030.
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Gingival Squamous cell carcinoma (GSCC) in maxilla is a rare malignant neoplasm especially when compared with mandible. The most common sites of oral carcinoma are being the lateral border of the tongue and the floor of the mouth which is followed by palate, buccal mucosa and rarely in gingiva. The clinical picture of oral carcinoma can be misguided for gingival overgrowth, desquamative lesions, traumatic ulcers or even pyogenic granuloma. Maxillary oral gingival carcinoma is a rare entity especially in a non-smoker. In this case report, a 70-year-old male patient presented with a gingival lesion in maxilla 24,25 region mimicking pyogenic granuloma without having a tobacco history. A thorough clinical, radiographical and histopathological examination was done and led to the diagnosis of GSCC and the treatment was initiated.Creating awareness among practitioners about gingival squamous cell carcinoma mimicking pyogenic granuloma in dental practice.
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Liu, Jian-Ru, Yan Huang, Xiang-Ying Ouyang, Wen-Yi Liu, and Ying Xie. "Modified approach of regenerative treatment for distal intrabony defect beneath non-keratinized mucosa at terminal molar: A case report." World Journal of Clinical Cases 12, no. 18 (2024): 3575–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.12998/wjcc.v12.i18.3575.
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BACKGROUND Intrabony defects beneath non-keratinized mucosa are frequently observed at the distal site of terminal molars. Consequently, the application of regenerative treatment using the modified wedge-flap technique is considered impractical for these specific dental conditions. CASE SUMMARY This article proposes a modified surgical procedure aimed at exposing the distal intrabony defect by making a vertical incision in the keratinized buccal gingiva. The primary objective is to maintain gingival flap stability, thereby facilitating periodontal regeneration. The described technique was successfully employed in a case involving the left mandibular second molar, which presented with an intrabony defect without keratinized gingiva at the distal site. In this case, an incision was made on the disto-buccal gingival tissue, creating a tunnel-like separation of the distal non-keratinized soft tissue to expose the intrabony defect. Subsequently, bone grafting and guided tissue regeneration surgeries were performed, resulting in satisfactory bone fill at 9 mo postoperatively. CONCLUSION This technique offers a regenerative opportunity for the intrabony defects beneath non-keratinized mucosa and is recommended for further research.
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Çiçek, Yasin, Mehmet Özgöz, Varol Çanakçi, and Recep Orbak. "Streptococcal Gingivitis: A Report of Case with a Description of a Unique Gingival Prothesis." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 5, no. 3 (2004): 150–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jcdp-5-3-150.
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Abstract Acute streptococcal gingivitis is an acute inflammation of the oral mucosa. Specific bacterial infections of the gingiva may be due to neisseria gonorrhea, treponema pallidum, streptococci, and other organisms. Streptococcal infections are seen rarely. This case report describes a patient who presented with severe gingival inflammation and pain that was diagnosed as an acute streptococcal infection. Bacterial cultures were obtained from the lesion, and biopsies were obtained from the gingiva of lower incisors for histopathologic evaluation. The patient was successfully treated using conventional periodontal therapy (scaling, root planning, curettage) and antibacterial agents. The reconstructive phase for this patient consisted of the fabrication of a heat-cured acrylic gingival facade to mask the gingival recession. The treatment of acute gingivostomatitis is of importance because of the possibility of systemic secondary infections. When esthetics is important, a gingival prostheses can be considered. The differential diagnosis, etiology, and treatment of acute streptococcal gingivitis are discussed and the literature is reviewed in this report. Citation Çiçek Y, Özgöz M, Çanakçi, et. al Streptococcal Gingivitis: A Report of Case with a Description of a Unique Gingival Prosthesis. J Contemp Dent Pract 2004 August;(5)3:150-157.
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Ibragim, Raid Kh, Valentin I. Kozlov, and Ol'ga A. Gurova. "THE COMPLEX STUDY OF GINGIVAL MICROVESSELS IN YOUNG PEOPLE." Morphological newsletter 30, no. 3 (2022): 50–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.20340/mv-mn.2022.30(3).649.
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Morphological and functional features of tissue blood flow are genetically determined, the identification of individual characteristics of microcirculation in the oral mucosa in the gum area can help determine the specifics of periodontal tissue damage in various patients. The aim of the study was to study tissue blood flow and microvessels in different areas of the oral mucosa in young people. In 40 healthy young people, biomicroscopy and laser Doppler flowmetry were used to record blood microcirculation indicators in various parts of the gums in the upper and lower jaws. On cadaveric material, the depth of blood vessels in different parts of the gum was studied. As a result of the study, it was found that the density of microvessels and the intensity of blood flow decrease with distance from the transitional fold to the edge of the gum. In the same areas of the mucous membrane in the upper and lower jaws, the microcirculation indicators do not differ. The most common (in 35 out of 40 subjects) in the vessels of the oral mucosa was the mesoemic type of blood microcirculation, in which the tissue blood flow was of medium intensity and the mechanisms of its regulation were balanced. In other cases, very low (hypoemic type) or high (hyperemic type) indicators of tissue blood flow with weak activity of vasomotor mechanisms of regulation of the state of microvessels of the oral mucosa were recorded. Thus, the use of a set of methods for studying the microvasculature of the oral mucosa in the gingival region allows us to quantitatively characterize the state of microvessels, as well as the intensity of tissue blood flow in different parts of the gingiva of the upper and lower jaws in young people. The richest microvascular network is observed in the region of the transitional gingival fold. As the distance from the transitional fold to the marginal part of the gums, the density of capillaries and the intensity of blood flow in them decrease, the gingival mucosa near the neck of the tooth has the lowest microcirculation rates.
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Saida, Hiroyuki, Shunsuke Fukuba, Takahiko Shiba, Keiji Komatsu, Takanori Iwata, and Hiroshi Nitta. "Two-stage approach for class II mandibular furcation defect with insufficient keratinized mucosa: a case report with 3 years’ follow-up." Journal of International Medical Research 49, no. 9 (2021): 030006052110445. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03000605211044595.
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Periodontal regenerative treatment is useful for intrabony defects and furcation involvement, but is difficult when there is insufficient keratinized mucosa to cover and maintain the regenerative material, particularly in the mandibular molar region. We report the case of a 27-year-old woman who underwent a two-stage surgical approach for a class II furcation defect with gingival recession and insufficient keratinized mucosal width (KMW) and vestibular depth at the mandibular left first molar. We first improved the KMW and keratinized mucosal thickness using an epithelial embossed connective tissue graft with enamel matrix derivative, and then focused on periodontal regeneration at the furcation defect using an enamel matrix derivative and a bovine-derived xenograft. Probing depth reduction, clinical attachment gain, horizontal probing depth reduction, KMW gain, and gingival recession reduction were observed 3 years postoperatively. This case report suggests that this novel staged approach may be effective for treating furcation defects with insufficient keratinized mucosa, thus providing useful insights into periodontal regeneration therapy.
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Zhu, Yanfeng, Fei Lin, and Weihui Chen. "Mechanism of Anti-Inflammatory Drugs in the Early Treatment of Oral Gingival Mucosa and Soft Tissue Trauma." Contrast Media & Molecular Imaging 2022 (September 29, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5785025.
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Traumatic tissue develops an uncontrolled inflammatory response that causes secondary damage to the injured tissue and other parts of the body. Therefore, preventing wound infection, reducing inflammatory response, and reducing secondary tissue damage are the keys to early treatment of tissue trauma. In the treatment of gingival soft tissue trauma, anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs are reasonably selected according to the condition, which can effectively reduce inflammation, and they help periodontal tissue regeneration and healing. However, there are few studies on the mechanism of anti-inflammatory drugs in the early treatment of oral gingival mucosal soft tissue trauma, and the specific mechanism is unknown. Therefore, this paper explored the mechanism of anti-inflammatory drugs in the early treatment of oral gingival mucosa and soft tissue trauma through experiments, which provided theoretical support for the clinical treatment of gingival mucosa and soft tissue trauma repair. In this paper, two anti-inflammatory drugs, levofloxacin and metronidazole, were selected to measure their release properties in vitro and in vivo. Then, the white-eared rabbits were treated with gingival wound treatment experiments, and the physiological characteristics, intratissue pressure, tissue partial pressure of oxygen, IL-6 content, and PGE2 content were determined at each postinjury period, and the mechanism of action of anti-inflammatory drugs was determined. Research results have shown that anti-inflammatory drugs can significantly inhibit the content of IL-6 and PGE2 in gingival soft tissue after injury, reduce the local inflammatory response, and accelerate tissue healing.
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Vinanto, Putero Negoro, Michelle Darjanki Claudia, and Krismariono Agung. "Management of High Frenulum Attachment in Upper Anterior Teeth: A Case Report." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEALTH & MEDICAL RESEARCH 03, no. 07 (2024): 531–34. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132033.
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Introduction: Frenulum is a mucous membrane fold that attach lip and the cheek to the alveolar mucosa, gingiva, and underlying periosteum. A frenulum that extends to the gingival margin is pathogenic and indicated for removal. It causes diastema between teeth, gingival recession, difficult to maintain oral hygiene, the attached gingiva is weak, vestibule becomes short. Objective: The purpose of frenotomy is to reposition the frenulum attachment therefore improve esthetics smile from periodontal approach. Case Presentation: A 23 years old female patient came to RSKGMP Airlangga University with complaints of bleeding gums on the front of the maxillary teeth. On intra-oral examination, a high labial frenulum attachment was found in the mucosal folds. Case Management: Asepsis of the surgical area with povidone iodine, local anesthesia in the operating area, Clamp the labial frenulum region that will be incised using an artery clamp, followed by an incision at the top and bottom of the clamp using a 15C blade. Remove the muscle attachment, then suturing the gingiva with 4.0 silk suture, Irrigation with normal saline. Dry with gauze then cover the surgical area with a periodontal dressing (coe- pack). Patient were instructed restrict the movement of the lips and were prescribed antibiotics, analgesics and mouthwash. Conclusions: Frenotomy is a potential for treatment of improving periodontal aesthetics.
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Cho, In-Woo. "Various considerations of apically positioned flap operation and free gingival graft." Journal of The Korean Dental Association 55, no. 3 (2017): 240–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.22974/jkda.2017.55.3.004.
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A keratinized gingiva is important to the natural teeth and it is more essential to the health of the peri-implant mucosa of the implants. There are various surgical methods to restore a keratinized gingiva. First, a clinician could utilize apically positioned flap operation. This flap operation technique could be used as a full or partial thickness. If there is little keratinized gingival tissue available for the apically positioned flap operation, free gingival grafting should be used. Its technique sensitivity is relatively high, but using various surgical techniques and disciplines makes it simple and have the good predictability. There have been many considerations for those surgical techniques. Clinicians who treat for periodontitis or operate implant surgeries have to know the considerations and surgical methods.
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Lee, Won-Pyo, Jae-Seek You, and Ji-Su Oh. "Technical Note on Simplified Free Gingival Graft Using Tack Fixation (sFGG)." Medicina 59, no. 12 (2023): 2062. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina59122062.
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Free gingival graft (FGG) is the gold standard procedure for the reliable augmentation of lost keratinized mucosa (KM) around dental implants. This conventional surgical approach has its drawbacks, including limitations in manipulation, the requirement for suturing, postoperative discomfort, and pain. This case report aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a simplified free gingival graft (sFGG) in addressing the issue of inadequate keratinized mucosa around dental implants. Fixation tacks were used to perform the sFGG procedure. Initially, a partial-thickness flap was created and apically repositioned. The gingival graft was harvested from the palate with a narrow profile and securely affixed to the recipient site using 5 mm long fixation tacks. Significant gains in keratinized mucosa were achieved and successfully maintained within 1 year. Consequently, the sFGG technique emerges as a simple and reliable treatment approach for managing inadequate keratinized mucosa around dental implants.
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T. Ahmed, Mohammad, and Balkees T. Garib. "Cytological Features of Oral Cytobrush Smears in Type II Diabetes Mellitus Patients." Tikrit Journal for Dental Sciences 2, no. 1 (2024): 6–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjds.2.1.2.
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Oral cytology is a renewed field that aids in diagnosis and observation of possible epithelial changes associated with oral mucosal diseases. Aim; to study the main cytomorphological alteration in gingival and buccal smears from type II diabetics in relation to their hyperglycemic status. The study includes 40 type II diabetic patients (20 new-diagnosed and 20 treated diabetics patients) and 20 healthy persons of both sex. Papanicolaou stained smear were prepared from their cheek and gingiva. The morphological features of 100 unfolded epithelial cells were evaluated under light microscope. Results of this study show that diabetics’ oral mucosa cells characterized by large nuclei with frequent evidence of binucleation, granular chromatin, prominent nucleoli. However, there was frequent small blue cytoplasm and buccal smears showed altered keratinization. As conclusion oral cytology from type II diabetics is associated with detectable cytomorphological changes that is site specific and indicate epithelial cell regeneration and degeneration with altered keratinization especially in buccal mucosa.
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Kristanti, Risma Aprinda. "PENGARUH EKSTRAK BUAH Carica pubescens Lenne & K. Koch YANG TUMBUH DI BEBERAPA TEMPAT DI INDONESIA TERHADAP PENYEMBUHAN LUKA MUKOSA RONGGA MULUT." el–Hayah 5, no. 3 (2015): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.18860/elha.v5i3.3099.
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<em>The aim of this study is to examine the effect of Carica pubescens</em> Lenne &amp; K. Koch <em>extract to the epihtelialization on the wound healing of gingival mucosa and to examine the effect of C. pubescens extract from different region (Dieng and Cangar) to the epithelialization process.Twenty eight adult male albino rats were devided into four group, we created cutlet along 1 cm on the mandibular gingival mucosa below insisiv teeth. K1 group were treated with aquadest while K2 group were treated with C. pubescens extract from Dieng, K3 group were treated with C. pubescens extract from Cangar, and K4 group were treated with policresulen preparations. At the end of fifth day, the rats were sacrificed and the mandibular gingival mucosa were collected for histologist preparations. The result of this study shows that K3 group has the thickest gingival epithel layers while there is no significant different among four group for the thikness gingival epithel layers</em>
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Tenório, Isabelle Silvério, Maria Vitória Calado Ramalho dos Santos, Ítalo de Macedo Bernardino, et al. "Periodontal phenotype modification therapy in a patient undergoing orthodontic treatment: a case report." ARCHIVES OF HEALTH INVESTIGATION 10, no. 4 (2021): 667–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.21270/archi.v10i4.5055.
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Introduction: Gingival recessions are mucogingival defects of multifactorial etiology that interfere with aesthetics and function; in many cases these defects require multidisciplinary treatment. Objective: To report a clinical case of gingival recession treatment using a periodontal and orthodontic approach. Case report: Patient a 20-year-old woman, sought the Extension Project of Clinical and Surgical Periodontics (PROEPECC/UFCG) complaining of developing gingival recession in tooth 31, which was poorly positioned in the arch after orthodontic movement. Periodontal examination revealed type 1 gingival recession associated with a prominent labial frenulum, with a gingival height of 3 mm, width of 2 mm, probing depth of 1 mm, and absence of attached gingiva. The root was covered using a subepithelial connective tissue graft removed from the palatal mucosa and coronally positioned flap; in addition, inferior labial frenectomy was performed. After 1 year and 6 months, tooth 31 was again moved to reposition it in the arch. One year and 10 months post-surgery, new periodontal examination was performed to evaluate the mucogingival characteristics of the treated area. The recession was completely covered and there was a 4-mm increase in the attached gingiva. Conclusion: Orthodontics may positively or negatively influence periodontal structures and periodontics may favor the prognosis of tooth movement in a risk area by modifying the periodontal phenotype, increasing its resistance to gingival recession.
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Alwan, Abdulkareem Hussain. "Association of Frenum Attachments with Age and Gender in a Sample of Iraqi People: A Cross-Sectional Study." Al-Rafidain Journal of Medical Sciences ( ISSN 2789-3219 ) 7, no. 1 (2024): 168–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.54133/ajms.v7i1.1169.
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Background: The labial frenum is a thin fold of oral mucosa that contains muscle fibers. It connects the lips to the tissues and bones around the upper and lower teeth. Objective: To assess the various types of labial frenal attachments in the upper and lower jaws, as well as their relationship with age and gender, in a sample of the Iraqi population. Methods: The study includes 1,939 subjects (978 males and 961 females) with an age range of 10 to 70 years. These individuals visited the Periodontics Department of Dentistry at Al-Rafidain University College in Baghdad, Iraq, from October 2021 to April 2023. The patients were categorized into age subgroups: 10–30 years, 31–50 years, and 51–70 years. Descriptive statistics estimate frequencies and percentages, and the Chi-square test compares the results. Results: The total number of labial frenum attachments, encompassing both upper and lower attachments, varies between males and females. There are 1397 gingival attachments (36.02%), 1793 mucosal attachments (46.24%), 567 papillary attachments (14.62%), and 121 papillary penetrating attachments (3.12%) in both sexes. In both sexes, there is a significant correlation between age and different upper and lower labial frenum attachment categories. Additionally, there is a significant correlation between gender and the upper and lower labial frenum attachment categories. Conclusions: In the maxilla, the gingival attachment was more prevalent, followed by the mucosal attachment. However, we detect the mucosa attachment in the mandible, followed by the gingiva attachment. There was a significant relationship between frenum attachment, age, and gender.
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Català, A., M. Alegre, A. Alomar, and P. Domingo. "Sessile Nodule on the Gingival Mucosa." Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas (English Edition) 103, no. 5 (2012): 433–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.adengl.2012.06.008.
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