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Journal articles on the topic 'Girls of Riyadh'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 27 April 2022

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1

Moawed, S. "Indigenous practices of Saudi girls in Riyadh during their menstrual period." Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 7, no. 1-2 (March 15, 2001): 197–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.26719/2001.7.1-2.197.

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The objective of this study was to identify the indigenous menstrual hygiene practice of Saudi girls in Riyadh. A total of 600 girls aged from 11 years to 18 years were selected from outpatient clinics at three different hospitals in Riyadh. Data were collected using a structured interview. The results revealed that nearly two-thirds of the girls avoided certain foods, drinks and activities, including showering and performing perineal care, and practised several indigenous rituals during the period. Mother, religious books and sisters were the main sources of the girls’ infomation. The study suggests that nurses and health care providers should use all available opportunities to educate young girls about menstruation.
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2

Ichsan, Hindun. "BUILDING IDENTITY IN GLOBAL REALITY: A POSTCOLONIAL STUDY ON RAJAA ALSANEA'S BANAT AR-RIYADH." Poetika 9, no. 1 (July 26, 2021): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/poetika.v9i1.63956.

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This study aims to examine the novel Banaat ar-Riyadh (Girls of Riyadh) from the perspective of globalization using a postcolonial approach. This novel was written by Rajaa Alsanea, a Riyadhi girl who moved to the United States of America and then published her novel in Lebanon. The novel was written in the form of a series of electronic mails sent by four young Riyadhi girls who discuss the contestation between traditional Saudi Arabian norms and American norms. Fittingly, this study uses postcolonial theory, with the theoretical framework of globalization as a basis for investigating the aspects identified in the theory, such as mimicry, inferiority, and hybridity, and applies deductive qualitative method from a globalization perspective. The results of this study indicate the influence of American culture on the lives of Saudi Arabians. The influence of American culture is obtained through Saudi people, both men and women, who study and work in the United States. It is the relationship between Arab culture and American culture that influences the Arab way of thinking, which leads to certain behavioral changes. Some Arabs, previously compliant to their traditional values, display behavorial changes that are inspired by Americans, especially American women. Arab women who are supposed to constantly obey state rules, want changes which they adopt from American culture. Penelitian ini bertujuan meneliti novel Banaat ar-Riyadh dari perspektif globalisasi dengan mengambil pendekatan poskolonial. Novel ini ditulis oleh Rajaa Alsanea, seorang gadis Riyadh yang pindah ke Amerika Serikat lalu menerbitkan novelnya di Lebanon. Novel ini berbentuk rangkaian surat elektronik yang dikirimkan oleh empat sekawan gadis-gadis Riyadh yang membicarakan kontestasi antara norma-norma tradisional Arab Saudi dengan norma-norma Amerika Serikat. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini menggunakan teori poskolonial, serta globalisasi sebagai landasan untuk melihat aspek-aspek yang dikemukakan dalam teori tersebut, yaitu mimikri, inferioritas, dan hibriditas, dengan metode deduktif kualitatif yang ditempatkan dalam perspektif globalisasi. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya pengaruh budaya Amerika pada tata kehidupan sebagian orang Arab Saudi. Pengaruh budaya Amerika itu diperoleh melalui orang-orang Arab Saudi, baik laki-laki maupun perempuan, yang menempuh studi dan bekerja di Amerika. Keterhubungan antara budaya Arab dengan budaya Amerika inilah yang memengaruhi pemikiran orang Arab, yang kemudian berdampak pada perubahan perilaku. Orang Arab yang semula berpegang teguh pada aturan-aturan tradisi kemudian menginginkan perubahan-perubahan yang mengarah pada pada perilaku orang Amerika yang mereka lihat, terutama pada perempuan. Perempuan Arab, yang diharuskan patuh pada aturan-aturan yang dibuat oleh negara, menginginkan perubahan-perubahan dengan mengadopsi budaya Amerika.
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3

Almayouf, Furat Abdulrahman, and Noha Dekhail Aldekhail. "Hypertension in Adolescent School Girls in Riyadh City, KSA." Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine 70, no. 2 (January 2018): 293–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.12816/0043092.

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4

Alanazi, Raed Khalid R., Nidhal Ibrahim Bahadir, and Abdulaziz Abdulhi Alghamdi. "Asthma among Adolescent Secondary - School Girls in Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia." Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine 70, no. 7 (January 2018): 1159–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.12816/0044543.

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5

Aljohar, Aziza, Kandasamy Ravichandran, and Shazia Subhani. "Pattern of Cleft Lip and Palate in Hospital-Based Population in Saudi Arabia: Retrospective Study." Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 45, no. 6 (November 2008): 592–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1597/06-246.1.

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Objective: To report the patterns of cleft lip and/or cleft palate in Saudi Arabia from data collected at a tertiary care hospital. Design and Setting: King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh. Patients: All the cleft lip and/or cleft palate patients registered in the Cleft Lip/Palate and Craniofacial Anomalies Registry from June 1999 to December 2005. Results: Retrospectively, 807 cases of cleft lip and/or palate were registered. There were 451 boys and 356 girls. Cleft lip and palate was more common (387) than isolated cleft palate (294) and isolated cleft lip (122). Boys predominated in cleft lip and palate and cleft lip; whereas, girls predominated in isolated cleft palate, with boy to girl ratios of 1.6:1, 1.2:1, and 0.9:1 for cleft lip and/or palate, isolated cleft lip, and isolated cleft palate, respectively. The Riyadh region had more cases (32.0%) than the Asir (15.6%) and Eastern (14.6%) regions. Parents of 439 individuals had consanguineous marriages. A positive family history of cleft was seen in 224 cases. Of 238 cases with associated anomalies, 91 had congenital heart disease. Of the children with isolated cleft palate, 40.5% had associated anomalies, whereas only 23.0% of the children with isolated cleft lip or cleft lip and palate had associated malformations. Conclusion: The pattern of cleft observed in this study does not differ significantly from those reported in the literature for Arab populations.
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6

Alanazi, Khulud Falah M., Najah Salah F. Alanazi, and Mona Salah F. Alanazi. "Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus among Adolescent Girls in Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia." Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine 70, no. 3 (January 2018): 458–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.12816/0043487.

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7

Ismail Mousa, Sayed M., and Basem Okleh Alhwamdeh. "TRANSLATING DIALECTAL EXPRESSIONS AND TERMS EMBEDDED IN SAUDI MODERN NOVELS WITH A PARTICULAR EMPHASIS ON THE GIRLS OF RIYADH: WITH A PARTICULAR EMPHASIS ON THE GIRLS OF RIYADH." Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews 8, no. 5 (September 23, 2020): 188–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2020.8518.

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Purpose of the study: The current study aims to assess the translation of dialectal expressions embedded in the Girls of Riyadh and whether the translation could transfer the overall effect, aesthetic values, cultural atmosphere, style, and pragmatic effect. Methodology: The study has used a corpus linguistic approach for collecting random samples of dialectal terms used in Saudi novels and classified dialectal elements under the rubric of cultural markers and assessed the rendition of these cultural markers in connection with Dickins’ degrees of cultural transposition and House’s concept of covert translation and its criteria. Main Findings: Following the assessment of samples from the novel, the study has found that the translators neither follow domestication nor foreignization and they rely heavily on the communicative translation strategy, and in most cases, dialectal expressions are omitted or rendered into formal English. Applications of this study: The current study can be useful in providing a translation approach for translating dialectal terms and expressions in Saudi novels as it draws their attention to the utmost importance of translating dialect in order to maintain the overall effect of the source culture in the target language text. Novelty/Originality of this study: This study is the first of its kind in addressing the issue of translating Saudi dialectal terms and expressions embedded in contemporary Saudi novels where there is a scarcity in the number of studies dealing with the problems of translating Saudi literature into foreign languages.
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8

Al-Othaimeen, Ali Karrar Osman, Sad, Abdulaziz. "Prevalence of nutritional anaemia among primary school girls in Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia." International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition 50, no. 4 (January 1999): 237–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/096374899101111.

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9

Al-Makadma, AbdulKarim S., Melissa Moynihan, Sarah Dobson, and Elizabeth Saewyc. "Tobacco use among adolescents in Riyadh Saudi Arabia." International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health 27, no. 3 (August 1, 2015): 357–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijamh-2014-0023.

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Abstract Background: Initiation of smoking behavior during adolescence is associated with negative health outcomes. Understanding initiation of smoking behavior in adolescents in relation to other behavioral, health, and environmental factors is essential for effective behavioral modification. Objective: The aim of this study was to describe tobacco use behaviors among adolescents in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, and related demographic and social factors. Subjects: A total of 1430 students aged 14–19 from high schools across the city of Riyadh participated in the study. Methods: A comprehensive adolescent health survey was administered to students in high school classrooms across Riyadh. Data were analyzed primarily via contingency tables with χ2-tests. Results: One in five students reported having ever smoked cigarettes, with a significantly higher proportion of boys than girls reporting tobacco use. Students who smoked had significantly lower school connectedness compared with those who never smoked. Tobacco use by family members was common, and students with at least one family member who smoked were significantly more likely to use tobacco themselves. Conclusion: Improving school connectedness among students by fostering supportive and safe school environments could be a potential strategy for reducing adolescent smoking. Reducing smoking in the general population and educating families about being better role models for youth are also critical.
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10

Vavichkina, Tat'yana Anatol'evna, and Yuliya Evgen'evna Vlasova. "PROBLEMS OF THE ARABIC WOMEN IN THE NOVEL “GIRLS OF RIYADH” BY RAJAA ALSANEA." Philological Sciences. Issues of Theory and Practice, no. 12 (December 2019): 82–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.30853/filnauki.2019.12.17.

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11

Alwafai, Salwa. "Domestication Versus Foreignization: The case of translating Al-Sanea’s Girls of Riyadh into English." Arab World English Journal For Translation and Literary Studies 3, no. 2 (May 15, 2019): 139–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.24093/awejtls/vol3no2.12.

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12

Alshiha, Sattam A., Hessa M. Alwayli, Mohammed A. Hattan, Yazeed K. Alfraih, Abdullah A. Alamri, and Mohammed S. Aldossary. "Prevalence of Dental Caries among Elementary School Girls in Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: A Cross-sectional Survey." Journal of Oral Health and Community Dentistry 11, no. 2 (2017): 29–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10062-0007.

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ABSTRACT Aim To assess caries prevalence among 6- to 9-year-old female children in Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and compare between results based on nationality and age levels. Materials and methods A total of 17,891 female students from 120 public female elementary schools in Riyadh city were examined according to the World Health Organization (WHO) diagnostic criteria. The decayed [dt], missing due to caries [mt], and filled [ft] primary teeth (dmft) index and its components were measured. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Student's t-test, and Chi-squared test were used to determine the significance differences, at α = 0.05. Results The overall mean [dt] for all children was 3.89 [standard deviation (SD) 3.38], which increased to 5.0 (SD 3.02) when excluding children without active caries. The mean dmft was 5.69 (SD 4.0). However, excluding children with dmft = 0, the mean dmft was raised to 6.41 (SD 3.65). The caries prevalence was 88.82%. The non-Saudi children showed slightly higher values compared with Saudi children. However, statistically, there were only significant differences in values of [dt] mean, dt = 0, and [ft] mean (p < 0.05). The dmft index was higher for 7- to 8-year-old group (5.81, SD 3.98) followed by the 8- to 9-year-old group (5.79, SD 3.79) and the 6- to 7-year-old group (5.47, SD 4.18). However, there were no statistically significant differences (p > 0.05) between 7- to 8-year-old and 8- to 9-year-old children. The 6- to 7-year-old children were statistically different from the 7- to 8 and 8- to 9-year-old children. Conclusion The dental caries prevalence among the study population was high, with the majority of children having untreated caries. This highlights the need for initiating deliberate community-based preventive measures for improvement in public health education and services provided. How to cite this article Alshiha SA, Alwayli HM, Hattan MA, Alfraih YK, Alamri AA, Aldossary MS. Prevalence of Dental Caries among Elementary School Girls in Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: A Cross-sectional Survey. J Oral Health Comm Dent 2017;11(2):29-33.
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13

ALFaris, Nora A., Jozaa Z. Al-Tamimi, Moneera O. Al-Jobair, and Naseem M. Al-Shwaiyat. "Trends of fast food consumption among adolescent and young adult Saudi girls living in Riyadh." Food & Nutrition Research 59, no. 1 (January 2015): 26488. http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/fnr.v59.26488.

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14

A.I. AL-Me, Wafa. "Assessment of the Prevalence of Pediculosis capitis among Primary School Girls in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia." Research Journal of Environmental Sciences 9, no. 4 (April 1, 2015): 193–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/rjes.2015.193.199.

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15

Alhusaini, Adel A., Ganeswara Rao Melam, and Syamala Buragadda. "Cross-Cultural Variation in BMI, Sedentary Behavior, and Physical Activity in International School Girls Residing in Saudi Arabia." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 6 (March 20, 2020): 2057. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17062057.

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Background: The current study was done to assess the cross-cultural difference in physical activity and sedentary behavior among girls from culturally, environmentally, and geographically diverse countries residing in Saudi Arabia. Methods: This was a comparative cross-sectional study conducted among expatriate girls (N = 275), aged 9–16 years. Participants were from India (n = 65), Pakistan (n = 88), Egypt (n = 50), Sudan (n = 49), and other nationals (n = 23). They were randomly selected from different schools in Riyadh and their Body Mass Index (BMI) and screen time was assessed. Physical activity (PA) and leisure-time activity was assessed using Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children (PAQ-C) and the Godin-Shephard Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire (GSLTPAQ) respectively. Results: Out of 275, 65.8% were active and 34.2% were insufficiently active as per the GSLTPAQ, and half of them were moderately active and only 22.2% were extremely active as per PAQ-C. No statistical significant differences in their BMI status, screen time, or the levels of PA among expatriate girls. Conclusions: This study shows that the expatriate female school children in Saudi Arabia demonstrated a similar pattern in their BMI, sedentary time spent, and PA levels.
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16

AI-Sharhan, Jamal. "The use of audio-visual aids in intermediate stage schools for girls in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia." British Journal of Educational Technology 25, no. 2 (May 1994): 84–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8535.1994.tb00093.x.

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17

Shaik, Shaffi A., Rotana T. Hashim, Sarah F. Alsukait, Gallia M. Abdulkader, Haifa F. AlSudairy, Leena M. AlShaman, Sarah S. Farhoud, and Mona A. Fouda Neel. "Assessment of age at menarche and its relation with body mass index in school girls of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia." Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 7, no. 2 (November 5, 2015): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v7i2.13439.

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Aims and Objectives: Increase of childhood obesity prevalence and rapid changes in socio-economic status resulted in a decline in age at menarche, which contributes, to a number of diseases affecting women’s future health. The objective of this study is to assess the mean age at menarche in girls of ages 9-16 and observe its relationship with their body mass index and other covariates in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 304 female students of both private and governmental schools in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, during March –May 2013. Data on demographics, socioeconomic status, physical activity, diet, and age at menarche were collected from students and their mothers, using self-administered questionnaires. Physical examinations were conducted to collect the anthropometric measurements. Results: Out of 304 students with a mean age (SD) of 12.52(2.08), 165 (54.3%) attained menarche. Mean menarcheal age (SD) for the girls was 12.08 (1.28). The mother’s mean age at menarche was positively correlated with their daughters (r=0.411, P<0.001). There was no significant correlation between BMI and age at menarche (P>0.05). Governmental school students attained menarche at a higher age (12.34) than private school students (11.59), and the difference between them was statistically significant (P<0.001).Conclusion: Schoolgirls in our study attained menarche at an early age with a mean menarcheal age of 12.08 years. Our data follows the globally and regionally observed declining trends of age at menarche. When assessing BMI as an influencing factor of onset of menarche, our results showed no correlation. Further longitudinal studies are encouraged to monitor factors influencing the onset of menstruation, in order to prevent the potentially adverse consequences of early menarche.Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.7(2) 2015 5-12
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18

Alnusair, Dalal M. "Student Evaluation of Teaching effectiveness in the Girls College of Home Economics and Art Education in Riyadh." Journal of Educational & Psychological Sciences 07, no. 04 (December 1, 2006): 13–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.12785/jeps/070401.

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19

Gwynne, Joel. "“The lighter that fuels a blaze of change”: Agency and (cyber)spatial (dis)embodiment in Girls of Riyadh." Women's Studies International Forum 37 (March 2013): 46–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wsif.2013.01.012.

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20

Sharhan, Jamal A. "Current Status of Learning Resource Centers at Girls’ High Schools In Riyadh City – The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia." Journal of Educational and Psychological Sciences 02, no. 01 (March 1, 2001): ———. http://dx.doi.org/10.12785/jeps/020104.

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21

Albader, Arwa Waleed. "Contextualizing Gender’s Role in Kate Chopin’s The Awakening and Rajaa Alsanea’s Girls of Riyadh: A Comparative Historical Study." International Journal of Applied Linguistics and English Literature 10, no. 2 (March 31, 2021): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijalel.v.10n.2p.81.

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This study, through a new historicist comparative approach, strives to explore the dynamics of women in marriages and in friendships for Kate Chopin’s The Awakening and Rajaa Alsanea’s Girls of Riyadh. Although Chopin’s novel was written in 1899 and Alsanea’s in 2005, both received harsh condemnation and rejection in newspapers and book reviews when they were published, emphasizing gender`s role in both cultures. By explaining the reciprocal relationships between the texts and the newspaper reviews, and ephemera, this paper adds to scholarly understanding of how the newspapers and the critics` reflection for a certain literary text, as a human constant, can describe the gender segregation of the context`s time. Using textual analyses in the form of close readings of the female characters’ interactions with their partners and other women, and the struggle and experience of each women in both novels in terms of marriage, this paper will demonstrate links between the thoughts of critics as context and the novel as a creative historical output as both writers deftly caused great social discussions for change.
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22

Alwayli, Hessa M., Sattam A. Alshiha, Yazeed K. Alfraih, Mohammed A. Hattan, Abdullah A. Alamri, and Mohammed S. Aldossary. "A survey of fissure sealants and dental caries prevalence in the first permanent molars among primary school girls in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia." European Journal of Dentistry 11, no. 04 (October 2017): 455–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ejd.ejd_189_17.

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ABSTRACT Objectives: To investigate the prevalence of caries and fissure sealants on the first permanent molars (FPMs) among 6–9-year-old girls in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods: The FPMs of 17,891 school girls from 120 randomly selected public primary schools were evaluated by visual and tactile examination for the carious status and the presence of fissure sealants. Chi-square test was used to analyze the data at level of 5%. Results: A total of 58,140 FPMs were assessed in the 17,891 children. Nearly 64.6% of the children were caries free. Only 1.3% of the children had at least one fissure sealant applied. At tooth level, the decayed FPMs counted for 24.6%. There was obvious underutilization of fissure sealants on the FPMs; 0.8% (n = 478). The caries prevalence in the mandibular FPMs (33%) was significantly higher than in the maxillary FPMs, 18.2% (P < 0.01). The proportion of carious FPMs increased with age of the children significantly (P < 0.01). There was no significant difference in the proportion of the presence of fissure sealants among the three different grade/age groups (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Caries prevalence in the FPMs was high and serious among this cohort of young students. This was contrasting the very low prevalence of fissure sealants.
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AlQurashi, Alaa Ashraf, Dian Kusuma, Hala AlJishi, Ali AlFaiz, and Abdulaziz AlSaad. "Density of Fast Food Outlets around Educational Facilities in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: Geospatial Analysis." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 12 (June 16, 2021): 6502. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18126502.

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Background: Childhood obesity remains a public health issue globally. The latest estimate from the World Health Organization showed that over 340 million children and adolescents aged 5–19 were overweight or obese in 2016. Objective: Our study aimed to assess the density of fast food outlets around educational facilities in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Methods: We employed geospatial and quantitative analyses using data on fast food outlets (from surveys conducted between November 2019 and May 2020) and educational facilities in Riyadh city. Data analyses conducted using ArcMap 10.6 and Stata 15 compared the density within 500 m and 500–1000 m from the facilities. Results: We found a high density of fast food outlets around educational facilities. Nearly 80% of fast food were within twelve-minute walking or five-minute driving distances from schools, and nearly 70% of all educational facilities had at least one fast food outlet within the buffer. We also found the densities were high within both the areas closer and the areas farther away from educational facilities. In addition, the density was significantly higher around private schools compared to government schools, and the density around girls-only schools and both-gender schools was higher than that around boys-only schools. Conclusion: There is a high density of fast food outlets around educational facilities in Saudi Arabia. Effective policies are needed to help reduce potential exposure to fast food among young people in Saudi Arabia and other countries with similar settings.
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Gaferi, Sharifa M., Manal F. Al-Harbi, Sahar M. Yakout, and Aziza T. Soliman. "Knowledge, attitude and practice related to reproductive health among female adolescents." Journal of Nursing Education and Practice 8, no. 8 (March 27, 2018): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/jnep.v8n8p53.

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Objective: Reproductive health (RH) is a crucial aspect of general health; it is a reflection of health during adolescence and adulthood. The period of adolescence in females is a period of physical and psychological preparation for safe motherhood. As direct reproducers, adolescent girls’ health influences not only their own health but also the health of the future generation. This study aimed to assess knowledge, hygiene practices during menses, and attitudes of female adolescents in Riyadh female secondary schools regarding RH aspects.Methods: A quantitative descriptive cross-sectional design was used for this study conducted on 350 female students selected from governmental secondary schools in Riyadh using multistage random sample type. Two tools were used for data collection in the current study: a self-administered questionnaire and an Attitudinal Assessment scale.Results: The findings showed that more than two-thirds (66.3%) of the participants had inaccurate knowledge, while about one-third (33.7%) of them had correct knowledge regarding RH. With respect to overall hygiene practices during menstruation, about 95.4% had correct menstruation hygiene practice, while only 4.6% had incorrect practices. The majority (88.3%) of students had positive attitudes regarding RH, while only 11.7% had negative attitudes. Mothers are a vital source of information regarding RH.Conclusions: The present study concluded that female adolescents had unsatisfactory knowledge, inadequate hygiene practices, and positive attitudes toward RH. It is recommended to improve adolescents’ knowledge regarding RH issues and involve their parents and teachers to provide appropriate education related to RH issues.
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د. إلهام إبراهيم فوزان الفوزان, د. إلهام إبراهيم فوزان الفوزان. "General Supervisor at the National Institute for Educational Professional Development (NIEPD)." journal of King Abdulaziz University Arts And Humanities 28, no. 15 (May 3, 2020): 50–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4197/art.28-15.3.

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this study aimed to recognize the reality of the re-engineering of administrative processes in the offices of education In Riyadh city and the obstacles which prevent their real application and to find statistically significant differences between the average responses of the sample of the study . The researchers used the descriptive survey approach in their study and applied the study to all the directors and assistants of the offices of education for girls in Riyadh, and a random sample of the heads of units and educational supervisors. The number of members of the sample of the study were (236) from the original society. The researchers used the questionnaire as the tool of collecting data. The study had a number of results which were: The reality of re-engineering administrative processes in the dimensions (planning, organization, guidance, control) achieved to a medium degree with the arithmetic mean at (2.85), and the obstacles to the re-engineering of administrative processes achieved to a high degree with the arithmetic mean at (3.81), there were no statistically significant differences between the responses of the sample study to the reality of re-engineering administrative processes and the obstacles that limit their application due to the different scientific qualifications but there were statistically significant differences between the responses of the sample study to the re-engineering of administrative processes and the obstacles that limit their application due to different job and years of experience.
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Rawan Ibrahim Alnasser, Rawan Ibrahim Alnasser. "The reality of adolescent girls' exposure to the dangers of the digital world in Saudi society: A study applied to a sample of middle school students in the city of Riyadh: واقع تعرض المراهقات لمخاطر العالم الرقمي في المجتمع السعودي: دراسة مطبقة على عينة من طالبات المرحلة المتوسطة في مدينة الرياض." مجلة العلوم الإنسانية و الإجتماعية 5, no. 13 (October 30, 2021): 89–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.26389/ajsrp.n060621.

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This study aimed to identify the reality of adolescent girls' exposure to the dangers of the digital world according to the classification of the UNICEF organization and to reveal the most dangerous applications for them. This study relied on the method of social survey through the sample using the questionnaire tool, and the study sample reached (402) single female students Medium in the city of Riyadh, using stratified random sampling. The results of the study revealed that content-related risks are among the most common types of risks that adolescent girls face in the digital world, followed by communication risks and then behavioral risks. The results also showed that among the applications in which adolescent girls are most exposed to the dangers of the digital world (Instagram - Twitter - Snapchat), In terms of usage, YouTube ranked first in terms of usage, followed by Snapchat, Instagram, WhatsApp, Twitter, Tik Tok, then PUBG and Fortnite. The study recommended the need to establish a specialized unit affiliated to the Communications and Information Technology Commission, which includes a number of specialists in the social, psychological and cybersecurity fields. It also includes visual and print media and celebrities of social networking sites who have an impact on the category of children and adolescents. The study also recommended the need to focus the efforts of the committee. To legalize the ethical content of information technology on the most popular websites and applications in the digital world, such as (Twitter, Instagram), by intensifying censorship and working to reduce the availability of harmful and inappropriate materials on these sites.
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Albatti, T., and Z. ALHedyan. "Prevalence of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Among Primary School Children in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 2015–2016." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): S120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.1916.

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IntroductionADHD is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorder among children. It is described as a chronic impairing disorder that negatively affects the academic attainment and social skills of the child. Furthermore, ADHD symptoms continue into adulthood in 30–60% of affected children. Consequently, they will most likely be missed from employment many times.AimsDetermine the prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder among children in Saudi Arabia.ObjectivesDetermine the prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder among both governmental and private primary Saudi school children aged 6–9-year-old. And to measure the gender difference of ADHD prevalence. Also, to determine any association between the socio-demographic characteristic of parents of children with ADHD.MethodsAn observational cross-sectional study of 1000 primary school children belonging to 1st, 2nd and 3rd grade. The selected students were screened by the ADHD rating scale using multistage sampling technique. The first stage was selection of 20 schools from all Riyadh regions by simple randomization. The second stage was choosing children whom serial numbers were multiplies of five in each class. The ADHD rating scale was filled by both parents and teachers along with a socio-demographic questionnaire for the parents.ResultsThe estimated prevalence of ADHD was 3.4%. ADHD manifestations affect boys more than girls. In addition, ADHD was more frequent among children of illiterate mothers. Finally, ADHD was significantly more prevalent among first grade children.ConclusionThis epidemiological study filled the data gap of ADHD prevalence in Riyadh. The study's findings go in line with many nearby and global studies.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Ismail Mousa, Sayed M., and Bassem Alhawamda. "Translating Dialectal Expressions and Terms Embedded in Saudi Modern Novels with a particular Emphasis on Ragaa Alsanea’s The Girls of Riyadh." Revista Amazonia Investiga 9, no. 31 (August 7, 2020): 104–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.34069/ai/2020.31.07.10.

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Translating dialectal terms and idiomatic expressions embedded in Saudi contemporary fiction is an underresearched topic, and the assessment of translating dialectal terms and expressions has not been examined adequately as there is a scarcity in the studies addressing such a translation issue. Therefore, the current study is mainly interested in assessing how far the translators of the Girls of Riyadh could succeed in translating the embedded dialectal expressions in the novel and whether their translation could transfer the overall effect, aesthetic values, cultural atmosphere, style and pragmatic effect. To achieve this end, the study has classified dialectal elements under the rubric of cultural markers and assessed the rendition of these cultural markers in connection with Dickins’ degrees of cultural transposition and House’s concept of covert translation and its criteria. Following the assessment of samples from the novel, the study has found that the translators neither follow domestication nor foreignization and that they rely heavily on the communicative translation strategy, and in most cases dialectal expressions are omitted or rendered into formal English.
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Osman, Ali Karrar, and Abdulaziz Al-Othaimeen. "Experience with Ferrous Bis-Glycine Chelate as an Iron Fortificant in Milk." International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research 72, no. 4 (July 1, 2002): 257–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/0300-9831.72.4.257.

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The objective of this study was to test whether milk is an appropriate vehicle for fortification with ferrous bis-glycine chelate and whether it has any effect on milk’s organoleptic properties. In addition, the study examined the children’s acceptability and tolerance of the fortifying agent. One hundred thirty-one children aged 6–14 years (79 males and 52 females) from two dormitories of the Ministry of Social Welfare in Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia participated in this study. The results of this trial showed that milk fortified with this iron chelate has unaltered organoleptic properties and is well accepted by the children. Hemoglobin and serum ferritin levels were measured before and after consuming one liter of milk fortified with 30 mg ferrous bis-glycine chelate per liter (6 mg elemental iron per liter) per day, for a period of three months. The prevalence of anemia (Hb < 12 g/dL) significantly dropped from 25.3 to 5.0%, and 23.0 to 9.6%, among boys and girls respectively. The prevalence of low serum ferritin values among boys dropped from 8.8 to 5.9% and significantly from 21.1 to 12.1% among girls. No control group was included in this study. It is concluded that ferrous bis-glycine chelate in milk does not alter milk’s organoleptic properties; furthermore, it improved hemoglobin and ferritin serum levels among anemic children, suggesting milk as an appropriate vehicle for fortification with this chelate.
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Khan, Tariq. "Islam and Woman in the Contemporary Arab World: An Interpretation of Rajaa al-Sanea’s Girls of Riyadh from Islamic Feminist Perspective." Journal of Islamic and Religious Studies 4, no. 2 (December 30, 2019): 71–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.36476/jirs.4:2.12.2019.12.

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Tijani, O. "Is Sadeem Legally Married to Waleed? Islamic Feminism and the Intersection of Culture, Religion, and Gender in Banāt al-Riyāḍ." Societies 9, no. 1 (January 12, 2019): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/soc9010004.

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Rajāʾ al-Ṣāniʿ’s Banāt al-Riyāḍ (2005, Girls of Riyadh) is unique not just for depicting globalization and local culture vis-à-vis the woman issue in Saudi Arabia, but for heralding a new trend of ‘e-epistolary narratives’ in the Saudi Arabian novel. The novel explores issues related to Islamic religious precepts versus Saudi socio-cultural practices and ideologies, especially those related to love and marital relationships as well as the concepts of femininity and masculinity. Most of the reviews and scholarly studies in English have focused more on the novel’s innovative narrative style or medium and its portrayal of the taboos of Saudi Arabia rather than on—and oftentimes, ignoring—its Islamic content and persuasion. This article reads Banāt al-Riyāḍ as an ‘Islamic feminist’ text that represents the extent to which al-Ṣāniʿ has internalized the other—modern western culture and civilization—while at the same time seeking to externalize and highlight the authentic Islamic teachings on women’s rights and gender relations, which have always been both misinterpreted locally and misrepresented globally.
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Owaidah, Tarek, Mahasen Saleh, Hazzah Alzahrani, Mahmood Abu-Riash, Ali Al Zahrani, Mohammed Almadani, Ayman Alsulaiman, et al. "Prevalence of Bleeding Symptoms among Adolescents and Young Adults in the Capital City of Saudi Arabia." Advances in Hematology 2018 (2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/1858241.

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Background.Bleeding disorders vary in prevalence. While some are rare, some can be common in both sexes. Most bleeding disorders manifest as chronic bleeding tendencies or as an increase in bleeding during surgical procedures or trauma. The consequences of bleeding can be as simple as iron deficiency or catastrophic, resulting in severe morbidity and mortality. Bleeding disorders typically affect both sexes except hemophilia A and B, which mainly affects males.Method.We conducted a questionnaire-based survey among adolescents and young adults (1901[49%]boys, 1980[51%]girls) in Riyadh city regarding bleeding symptoms. Of these, 1849 (47.6%) responded “Yes/Positive” for at least one question about the bleeding symptoms.Results.The most common bleeding symptom was epistaxis (19.7% of the sample population) detected in Phase I of the study. A tandem survey was conducted among 525 adolescents who had responded “Yes/Positive” to any one of the questions inquiring about bleeding symptoms.Conclusion.In this study, we report for the first time the prevalence of bleeding symptoms in a representative sample of Saudi adolescents and young adults.
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Muhanna, R., and M. Abulmeaty. "Correlation between anthropometric and impedancemetric parameters in 10 to 16 years old girls with metabolic syndrome and living in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia." Clinical Nutrition 37 (September 2018): S306—S307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2018.06.2071.

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Abdullah, Muhammad. "Love, matrimony and sexuality: Saudi sensibilities and Muslim women's fiction." Pakistan Journal of Women's Studies: Alam-e-Niswan 26, no. 2 (December 19, 2019): 19–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.46521/pjws.026.02.0005.

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All those desires, discriminations, success stories, and confrontations that otherwise might not have seeped into mainstream discourses are subtly said through the stories that mirror Arab women‟s lives. Girls of Riyadh is a postmodern cyber-fiction that delineates subjects we usually do not get to hear much about, i.e. the quest of heterosexual love and matrimony of young Arab women from the less women-friendly geography of Saudi Arabia. Though in the last two decades the scholarship on alternative discourses produced by Muslim women have been multitudinous, there is a scarcity of critical investigations dealing with creative constructions of postfeminist, empowered Muslim woman, not battling with patriarchal power structures, but negotiating aspects that matter most in real life: human associations and familial formations. This paper engages with the categories of love, marriage, and sexuality, drawing upon the lives of four educated, successful, „velvet class‟ Saudi women. The significance of this study is linked with carefully challenging some of the stereotypes about Arab women as victims of forced marriages and their commonly perceived discomfort with love at large. The study reveals that it is men who need to “man up” against cultural conventions since women are increasingly expressive in their choices and brave enough to face the consequences audaciously.
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Abdullah, Muhammad. "Love, matrimony and sexuality: Saudi sensibilities and Muslim women's fiction." Pakistan Journal of Women's Studies: Alam-e-Niswan 26, no. 2 (December 19, 2019): 19–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.46521/pjws.026.02.005.

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All those desires, discriminations, success stories, and confrontations that otherwise might not have seeped into mainstream discourses are subtly said through the stories that mirror Arab women‟s lives. Girls of Riyadh is a postmodern cyber-fiction that delineates subjects we usually do not get to hear much about, i.e. the quest of heterosexual love and matrimony of young Arab women from the less women-friendly geography of Saudi Arabia. Though in the last two decades the scholarship on alternative discourses produced by Muslim women have been multitudinous, there is a scarcity of critical investigations dealing with creative constructions of postfeminist, empowered Muslim woman, not battling with patriarchal power structures, but negotiating aspects that matter most in real life: human associations and familial formations. This paper engages with the categories of love, marriage, and sexuality, drawing upon the lives of four educated, successful, „velvet class‟ Saudi women. The significance of this study is linked with carefully challenging some of the stereotypes about Arab women as victims of forced marriages and their commonly perceived discomfort with love at large. The study reveals that it is men who need to “man up” against cultural conventions since women are increasingly expressive in their choices and brave enough to face the consequences audaciously.
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Jannah, Siti Roudlotul, and Yoyo Yoyo. "TECHNIQUES, METHODS, AND IDEOLOGIES OF THE TRANSLATION OF THE WASHFĪ PHRASE NOVEL BANÄ€T AL-RIYÄ€DH IN ENGLISH TO THE QUALITY OF THE TRANSLATION." Insyirah: Jurnal Ilmu Bahasa Arab dan Studi Islam 3, no. 2 (December 9, 2020): 149–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.26555/insyirah.v3i2.3318.

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This research aims to 1) define the washfī phrase in the translated Arabic novel of Girls of Riyadh by Marilyn Booth, 2) describe the technique, method, and quality of translation, 3) to define the ideology of the washfī phrase. This research used the descriptive qualitative method. The respondents evaluated the accuracy, acceptability, and readability of the translation result. This research data resourced with formal and material objects. The material object consists of two Arabic and English version novels. The formal object consists of the washfī phrase of both the novels at once questionnaire. The result of this research there are two kinds of techniques, they are: 1) single variant technique, 2) couplet variant technique. They are 11 techniques: 1) literal 3, 2) established equivalent 3, 3) reduction 1, 4) deletion 3, 5) borrowing 1, 6) generalization 1, 7) particularization 2, 8) variation 4, 9) adaptation 1, 10) addition 1, 11) discursive creation 2, 12) linguistic compression 1, 13) modulation 2. Couplet variant techniques are: 1) deletion+literal 1, 2) modulation+addition 1, 3) modulation+literal 1, 4) particularization + borrowing 1, 5) linguistic compression + particularization 2. This washfī phrase translation has high accuracy levels score 3, high acceptability 2, and low legibility levels 1.
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بن ضویحی, أسرار سعد محمد. "الذکاء الوجدانی وعلاقته بنمو الحکم الخلقی لدى المراهقات بمدینة الریاض. Emotional Intelligence and Its Correlation with the Development of Moral Judgment among Adolescent Girls in Riyadh." التربیة (الأزهر): مجلة علمیة محکمة للبحوث التربویة والنفسیة والاجتماعیة) 39, no. 4 (October 1, 2020): 502–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/jsrep.2020.146185.

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M. AL-Obou, Latifah. "Impact of Breakfast Eating Pattern on Nutritional Status, Glucose Level, Iron Status in Blood and Test Grades among Upper Primary School Girls in Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia." Pakistan Journal of Nutrition 9, no. 2 (January 15, 2010): 106–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/pjn.2010.106.111.

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أبو نيان, إبراهيم سعد, and هيا عثمان الجلعود. "المشكلات التي تواجه برامج صعوبات التعلم بالمرحلة الابتدائية بمدارس البنات في مدينة الرياض = Problems Facing Learning Disabilities Programs at the Girls' Elementary Schools in Riyadh , Saudi Arabia." Journal of Special Education and Rehabilitation 3, no. 11 P. 1 (2016): 208–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.12816/0023060.

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Alatiq, Yousra, Meshael Alshalan, and Omar Almodayfer. "Prevalence of Psychiatric Disorders among Saudi Adolescent Girls in a Riyadh City High School = نسبة انتشار الاضطرابات النفسية بين المراهقات السعوديات من طالبات المرحلة الثانوية بمدينة الرياض." Arab Journal of Psychiatry 28, no. 2 (November 2017): 160–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.12816/0041717.

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أبونیان, إبراهیم سعد, and هیا عثمان الجلعــود. "المشکلات التی تواجه برامج صعوبات التعلم بالمرحلة الابتدائیة بمدارس البنات فی مدینة الریاض Problems facing learning disabilities programs at the girls’ elementary schools, in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia." مجلة التربیة الخاصة والتأهیل 3, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 209–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/sero.2016.92074.

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42

Al-Hamad, Ali H., Aljohara M. Al-Naseeb, Maha S. Al-Assaf, Suzan A. Al-Obaid, Bandar S. Al-Abdulkarim, and Pawel K. Olszewski. "Preliminary Exploration of Obesity-Related Eating Behaviour Patterns in a Sample of Saudi Preschoolers Aged 2–6 Years through the Children’s Eating Behaviour Questionnaire." Nutrients 13, no. 11 (November 20, 2021): 4156. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13114156.

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Background: The Children’s Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (CEBQ) is used with parents to determine the characteristics of eating behaviour of their children and, consequently, children’s propensity to become obese. It has been successfully used mainly in Western countries, but not in Saudi Arabia. In this pilot study, we explored the use of the Saudi version of the CEBQ for preschool children aged 2–6 years in Saudi Arabia, and assessed the associations between eating behaviours and children’s age, gender and relative weight and parental weight. Methods: Parents of 200 Saudi preschool children in Riyadh completed the Saudi version of the CEBQ. Factor analyses on all CEBQ items were performed and differences between genders and age groups were examined. Correlations between children’s BMI z-scores and eating behaviours were analysed using linear regression. Results: The factor analysis revealed an eight-factor solution similar to the theoretical factor structure, with good internal reliability and acceptable correlations between subscales. Boys scored higher than girls on food responsiveness; no difference between age groups was found. Positive associations between BMI z-scores and ‘food approach’ subscales, food responsiveness, enjoyment of food and emotional overeating were found, while ‘food avoidant’ subscales, satiety responsiveness and slowness in eating had inverse relationships with BMI z-scores. Maternal BMI had a positive association with BMI z-scores and food responsiveness. Conclusion: The CEBQ is a valid psychometric tool that can be reliably used to assess eating behaviour characteristics in Saudi preschool children.
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Gashan, Amani K., and Yousif A. Alshumaimeri. "Teachers’ Attitudes toward Using Interactive Whiteboards in English Language Classrooms." International Education Studies 8, no. 12 (November 26, 2015): 176. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ies.v8n12p176.

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<p class="apa">Educational technology plays an increasingly important role in the teaching and learning process. Successful integration is the goal of any new educational technology. The interactive whiteboard (IWB) can be effectively used by teachers to enhance the effectiveness of their lessons. This study explored the attitudes and insights of Saudi female teachers regarding the use of IWBs when teaching English as a foreign language (EFL). It also investigated possible obstacles they may face during their use of this novel technology.</p><p class="apa">Data was collected by distributing questionnaires to forty three teachers at different girls’ schools in Riyadh. The results indicated that participants in this study demonstrated positive attitudes toward using the IWB in the EFL classrooms. The results also showed that teachers consider IWBs to be useful devices for enhancing the teaching and learning process and for designing new instructional situations. IWB-based lessons were perceived to be more comfortable for teachers in teaching English. However, teachers stated that they faced some technical obstacles in their use of IWBs.</p><p class="apa">The current study recommended that EFL classes should be equipped with all supplicants of the IWBs. It also suggested that training is important for teachers to deal with the technological devices. EFL teachers need more training to learn how to resolve technical and system problems; they also need to understand how to use all the options offered by the IWBs.</p>
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Owaidah, Tarek, Abdul Kareem M. Al-Momen, Hazza A. Alzahrani, Abdulmajeed Albanyan, Ayman Alsulaiman, Siddiqui Khawar, ALI Alzahrani, Mohammad al-Madani, Khalid AlSaleh, and Saleh Mahsin. "First Report from the Saudi Bleeding Screening Study: Are Platelet Disorders More Common in Arabs?" Blood 126, no. 23 (December 3, 2015): 4641. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v126.23.4641.4641.

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Abstract Inherited platelet disorders (IPDs) are a heterogeneous group of diseases affecting platelet production and function with variable clinical severity. The prevalence is estimated to be less than 1:1000,000 worldwide in most common types. There are no population based epidemiological studies in Arab ethnicity to estimate the prevalence of IPD. Over 2 years we had conducted questioner-based survey among high school and 1st year university students in Riyadh city, Saudi Arabia. We had interviewed 3881 students (1901 (49%) male and 1980 (51%) female). Out of these students 1849(47.6%) had answered yes for any of the questions in first questioner which was followed by a detailed questioner based on MCMDM1 - VWD. Only 323 agreed to have blood testing to investigate for the bleeding tendency. Each positive case was tested for CBC, PT, PTT, ABO and PFA 100 according to standard technique. Any positive screening test for coagulation or platelet screening test was followed by more testing for relevant coagulation factor level. Those were positive only for PFA100 had been tested for platelet aggregation, electronmicroscopy, PB morphology and a sample for DNA and proteomics been collected. The most common bleeding symptom was epistaxis found in 19.7% (3881) of all interviewed students students and was more in the positive cases 229 (43.6%) students from a total of 525 with more boys (147 out of 296, 49.7%) than the girls (82 out of 229, 35.8%, P-value= 0.002). The cutaneous symptoms were reported by 29.3% (154/525), more common in girls (102/229, 44.5%) than boys (52, 296, 17.6%, p-value<0.001). Out of the investigated cases,( 47 out of 323, 14.5 %) had high PFA100-EPI and (57 out of 323, 17.6%) Had high PFA100-ADP and 22 of these had both cartilage prolonged. We had tested 37 of the suspected cases for platelet disorders for platelet aggregation, only one case had typical features of Glanzmann's disease and 20 cases were abnormal with no clear pattern for known platelet disorders and were labeled as probable platelet disorders. We had diagnosed 8 cases with vWD. Conclusion: The early results from our bleeding survey indicate that platelet disorders probably more common in our population than been reported els where. We are waiting the final result of laboratory tests which includes ultrastructural features, proteomics and genotyping of these cases with probable platelet diorders Disclosures Owaidah: King abdulaziz city for science, Novo Nordisk, Bayer: Honoraria, Research Funding.
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العنزی, منال بنت محمد, and شروق بنت عید محمد العتیبی. "استخدام التعلیم المدمج فی التدریب التقنی والمهنی من وجهة نظر مدربات کلیة التقنیة للبنات بالریاض Using Blended Learning in Technical and Vocational Training from Trainers' Perspective at The Girls’ Technical College in Riyadh." دراسات عربیة فی التربیة وعلم النفس 101, no. 101 (September 1, 2018): 163–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/saep.2018.32860.

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الذبياني, أروى محمد, تهاني راشد بن دوخي, رحاب عبد الله السحيباني, سماح محمد الموسى, and عبير حسين آل قماش. "واقع التخطيط التربوي في إدارة الأزمات من وجهة نظر مديرات المدارس في مدينة الرياض 1441هـ-1442هـ The Reality of Educational Planning in Crisis Management from the viewpoint of Girls Schools’ Managers in Riyadh City 2020 -2021." مجلة البحوث التربویة والنوعیة 8, no. 8 (September 1, 2021): 100–128. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/jeor.2021.218591.

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Alghadir, Ahmad, Zaheen Iqbal, and Sami A. Gabr. "The Relationships of Watching Television, Computer Use, Physical Activity, and Food Preferences to Body Mass Index: Gender and Nativity Differences among Adolescents in Saudi Arabia." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 18 (September 21, 2021): 9915. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189915.

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Background: Adolescents and ethnic subgroups have been identified at high risks of overweight and its associated complications. Although some studies have investigated overweight, obesity, nutritional status, physical activity, and associated factors among Saudi students, no studies have examined these characteristics among non-Saudi students or compared non-Saudi to Saudi adolescent students. The objective of this study was to compare differences between Saudi and non-Saudi adolescent students regarding time spent watching television, using computers, engaging in physical activity, and their food preferences. The relationships between these lifestyle behaviors and body mass index by Saudi nativity and gender were tested. Methods: Students aged 12 to 18 years (n = 214) from various schools in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, completed a self-administered questionnaire that included questions about demographic and anthropometric characteristics, daily after-school routine, physical activity, watching television, using computers, and food preferences. Non-parametric (Mann–Whitney U) tests assessed the statistical differences between Saudi and non-Saudi respondents, and males and females were separately tested. Results: Saudi boys who reported physical activity two to five times per week, the most television time, the most computer time, and the highest frequency of eating fast food and drinking soft drinks had a significantly higher mean body mass index than the non-Saudi boys in their categories. However, there were no significant differences found between the Saudi and non-Saudi girls. Conclusions: High levels of sedentary and low levels of physical activities as well as high consumption of high-fat fast foods and high-sugar drinks threaten the health of Saudi adolescents. Cultural differences in lifestyle between Saudi and non-Saudi families should be considered when developing programs to improve knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors regarding diet quality and physical activity. The objective of this study is more important in the current situation where increased time spent on computers and mobile phones due to online teaching in schools or working from home, decreased physical activity due to precautionary lockdowns, and unchecked eating patterns while spending more time in sedentary activities in homes has become our COVID-19 pandemic lifestyle in all the age groups. A similar study should be replicated on a large scale to study the effect of this lifestyle on our lives in all the age groups.
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النعیم, نوف عبدالله عبدالعزیز. "الکفایات التعلیمیة لمعلمات التربیة الخاصة المرحلة الابتدائیة للبنات فی برامج الدمج بالمدارس الحکومیة والأهلیة بمدینة الریاض (دراسة مقارنة ) The Educational Competencies of Special Education Teachers in Mainstreaming Programs at both Government and Private Primary Girls Schools in Riyadh City." مجلة التربیة الخاصة والتأهیل 3, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 389–422. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/sero.2016.92078.

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Al-Saigul, Abdullah M., Robert E. Fontaine, and Qais Haddad. "Nosocomial Malaria From Contamination of a Multidose Heparin Container With Blood." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 21, no. 5 (May 2000): 329–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/501765.

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AbstractA girl developed Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, a non-malarious area. Twelve to 18 days before onset, she had been hospitalized for asthma on the same ward as three malaria patients. The only link between the malaria patients and the asthma patient was a multidose heparin container used to fill syringes for use on heparin locks and intravenous devices. Contamination of the heparin with blood occurred on at least one occasion when a needle had been left in place through the septum of this container and was used to refill a used syringe.
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Rusmiadie, Dedie. "CONVERSATIONAL IMPLICATURE IN RAJá¾¹ AL-SANEA’S NOVEL BANá¾¹T AL-RIYᾹḌ (بنات الرّياض) (A Content Analysis)." BAHTERA : Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra 17, no. 2 (July 14, 2018): 9–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/bahtera.172.02.

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Abstract Objective of this study is to gain understanding about types of implicature and violation of cooperative Maxim in Rajaa Al Sanea’s novel The Girl of Riyadh (بنات الرّياض). The study took place between August, 2016 and March, 2017. The study was a qualitative study with content analysis method, which involved data collection, data processing, data analysis and data display. The focus of this study was analyzing two types of implicatures used in utterances in the novel, namely conventional and non-conventional implicature as well as violations of Grice’s Cooperative Principles resulting in implicature, namely Maxim of quantity, Maxim of relevance, Maxim of manner, Maxim of relevance-quality, Maxim of quantity-quality and Maxim of quantity-manner. The findings of this study have theoretical contributions to Arabic learning theories in university, in general and provide examples of foreign language implicatures, in particular. Keywords: Conventional Implicature, Conversational Implicature, Violation of Cooperative Maxim
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