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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'GIS and Archaeology'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 13 February 2022

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1

Ozturk, Bulent. "A Web Based Gis Mashup For Archaeology." Master's thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12611868/index.pdf.

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Information technologies have achieved an important role in archaeology. The management, research and exchange of the large amount of data gathered from archeological sites needs the tools of information technologies. The web based GIS combines the advantages of both GIS and the Internet technologies. This system can be used as a tool that helps to support the management of information for archaeological sites and provides support functions for specialists.This web based system can hold many types of archaeological site data from small excavation campaigns to large sites. The system consists of a relational database, a web server, and a GIS mapping server. Google Maps Server is used as a GIS mapping server in this study. The client computers require only the availability of a proper browser that supports javascript and ajax technologies. With this system, Google Maps can be used as an archaeological research tool for everybody interested in archaeology. In a general, everybody can reach the system using their web browsers in order to search and retrieve information regarding archaeological sites. This system also enables specialists to upload, search and share archaeological data. The aim of this study is to provide easy and simple access to the GIS related archaeological site information in Turkey, using a web based and user friendly interface and share the information the information with specialists all over the world.
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2

Kritzer, Matthew Carroll. "GIS and archaeology : investigating source data and site patterning." Virtual Press, 1995. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/935936.

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Using a Geographic Information System (GIS), locational analysis was performed for prehistoric sites recorded during a 1985 surface survey conducted in Henry County, Indiana. Two sensitivity models were developed to identify areas more likely to contain substantial archaeological resources. Both models were based on environmental data derived largely from soil survey information. An intuitive model was created and "blindly" applied to the study area. This model did not interpret the distribution of sites very well. During development of an alternative model, the 1985 survey data was more thoroughly investigated. Site locations were found to be correlated with Soil Conservation Service drainage categories. In upland areas, sites with ten or more artifacts clustered around pockets of very poorly drained Millgrove loam soils. In lowland areas, sites with ten or more artifacts exhibited a preference for well drained soils. Before and during analysis, the integrity of source data was investigated. A United States Geological Survey 7.5-minute digital elevation model was found to be unsuitable for analysis within the study area. Mapping errors were discovered within the 1985 survey data. Global Positioning System (GPS) technology, which can increase the spatial integrity of survey data, was demonstrated and used to register and adjust source data. A mapping-grade GPS base station was established at Ball State University.
Department of Anthropology
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3

Eve, Stuart. "Dead men's eyes : embodied GIS, mixed reality and landscape archaeology." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2014. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1419267/.

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Archaeology has been at the forefront of attempts to use Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to address the challenges of exploring and recreating perception and social behaviour within a computer environment. However, these approaches have traditionally been based on the visual aspect of perception, and analysis has usually been confined to the computer laboratory. In contrast, phenomenological analyses of archaeological landscapes are normally carried out within the landscape itself, computer analysis away from the landscape in question is often seen as anathema to such approaches. This thesis attempts to bridge this gap by using a Mixed Reality (MR) approach. MR provides an opportunity to merge the real world with virtual elements of relevance to the past, including 3D models, soundscapes and immersive data. In this way, the results of sophisticated desk-based GIS analyses can be experienced directly within the field and combined with phenomenological analysis to create an embodied GIS. The thesis explores the potential of this methodology by applying it in the Bronze Age landscape of Leskernick Hill, Bodmin Moor, UK. Since Leskernick Hill has (famously) already been the subject of intensive phenomenological investigation, it is possible to compare the insights gained from 'traditional' landscape phenomenology with those obtained from the use of Mixed Reality, and effectively combine quantitative GIS analysis and phenomenological fieldwork into one embodied experience. This mixing of approaches leads to the production of a new innovative method which not only provides new interpretations of the settlement on Leskernick Hill but also suggests avenues for the future of archaeological landscape research more generally.
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4

Chapman, Henry. "Comparative and introspective GIS : an analysis of cell-based GIS methods and their applications within landscape archaeology." Thesis, University of Hull, 2000. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:14128.

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This thesis presents an assessment of cell-based GIS techniques and their applications within landscape archaeology. It highlights and addresses four main limitations within previous archaeological GIS research. Firstly, studies have traditionally been restricted to areas of high topographic variability. Secondly, there have been few truly comparative GIS studies within archaeology and so the value of methods remains uncertain. Thirdly, issues of resolution and its effects on the process and results of analyses require further assessment. Finally, the DEM is rarely considered as representing an archaeological feature itself, but rather as a surface over which archaeology is draped. In response to these identified limitations two contrasting landscapes were studied, each using input-data obtained at both low and high resolutions from Ordnance Survey contours and high resolution GPS survey respectively. The first landscape was chosen for its topographic variability. It was centred on the Neolithic cursuses around the village of Rudston on the Yorkshire Wolds, East Yorkshire. For the second landscape a flatter, wetland area was chosen. This was focused upon the pair of Iron Age lowland enclosures on Sutton Common in the Humberhead Levels near the town of Askem, South Yorkshire. Each area measured I 0 x I 0 km, although the extents of the higher resolution surveys were much smaller, focusing on the specific archaeological monuments. A range of GIS methods was applied systematically to each of the landscapes so that the results could be usefully compared. These methods included techniques of surface generation, surface representation, surface analysis and multiple surface analysis. The results were discussed comparatively and assessed introspectively within the themes of GIS methods and the applications of GIS within landscape archaeology. The latter was further subdivided between its principal themes of landscape interpretation and cultural resource management to provide a realistic assessment of the overall value of GIS tools to landscape archaeology. The conclusions of this research highlight the wide range of possibilities that GIS provides to landscape archaeology. From a methodological perspective, the advantages and limitations of the various methods have been presented, particularly demonstrating how flatter landscapes may be studied successfully so long as surface data are collected at an appropriate resolution. Further, it has been demonstrated that both input-data and GIS techniques are transferable, enabling a wider range of potential results to be of use within archaeology than might at first be assumed. Other conclusions have been made in terms of landscape archaeology. This thesis has demonstrated the great heuristic value of GIS and this has been expanded to incorporate narrative approaches from the social sciences, applying them to the abstract landscapes that GIS creates. It has also demonstrated the wide potential of GIS for identifying sites, for assessing their preservation, both above and below ground, and for the long-term monitoring of the buried environment. This thesis has provided an assessment of cell-based GIS methods and has recommended ways in which their applications may be enhanced for the benefit of landscape archaeology.
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5

Foust, Nathaniel E. "A Spatiotemporal GIS Analysis of GPS Effects on Archaeological Site Variability." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1439306878.

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6

Haines, Angela L. "Determining Prehistoric Site Locations in Southwestern Ohio: A Study in GIS Predictive Modeling." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1306497891.

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7

Green, Christopher Thomas. "Winding Dali’s clock : the construction of a fuzzy temporal-GIS for archaeology." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/9385.

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Archaeology is fundamentally concerned with both space and time: dates, chronologies, stratigraphy, plans and maps are all routinely used by archaeologists in their work. To aid in their analysis of this material, the use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) by archaeologists has become widespread. However, GIS are conventionally ignorant of time. Thus, if archaeologists are to achieve the fullest potential in the application of GIS to their studies, GIS are needed that properly take into account time as well as space. A GIS capable of dealing with temporal data is referred to as a temporal-GIS (TGIS), and commercial TGIS systems currently exist. However, these are locked into a model of modern clock time. Archaeological time does not sit well within that model, being altogether fuzzier and less precise. Nor are commercial TGIS able to address the questions that archaeologists ask of their spatio-temporal data. Thus, a TGIS is needed that deals with the types of time that we encounter as archaeologists, lest we end up shaping our data and questions to the inherent capabilities of non-archaeological TGIS. The creation of that new TGIS is the subject of this thesis: a fuzzy TGIS built specifically for the study of archaeological data that also takes into account recent developments in the theory of temporality within the discipline. The new TGIS needs to be flexible and powerful, yet to ensure that it is actually used it must remain within the software horizons of GIS-literate archaeologists. The new TGIS has been applied to two case studies, one in prehistoric Derbyshire and one in Roman Northamptonshire, producing informative and interesting new results. It is hoped that others will fruitfully use the TGIS and that, as a result, new forms of spatio-temporal analysis might come to be applied to archaeological studies.
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8

Wheatley, David. "The application of geographic information systems to archaeology : with case studies from Neolithic Wessex." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.295576.

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9

Woodman, Patricia E. "Archaeological predictive modelling using GIS : a case study from the Scottish Mesolithic." Thesis, University of Reading, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.363659.

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10

McCool, Jon-Paul P. "PRAGIS: a test case for a web-based archaeological GIS." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1342716096.

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11

Woywitka, Robin John. "Archaeological site location data implications for GIS /." online access from Digital Dissertation Consortium access full-text, 2002. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/er/db/ddcdiss.pl?MQ81330.

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12

Scurry, James D. "Integrating geographic information systems (GIS) and modeling validating prehistoric site-settlement models for the South Carolina coastal plain using a GIS /." online access from Digital Dissertation Consortium access full-text, 2003. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/er/db/ddcdiss.pl?3084810.

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13

Curran, Kathryn. "Increasing the scale of inquiry a GIS approach to archaeology, environment and landscape during the early Holocene in Central Massachusetts." Amherst, Mass. : University of Massachusetts Amherst, 2010. http://scholarworks.umass.edu/open_access_dissertations/198/.

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14

Sharfman, Jonathan. "The Oosterland GIS : applying aspects of geographical information systems to maritime archaeological project." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/22081.

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Bibliography: pages 191-198. volume 1, thesis. volume II, appendices.
The ancestors of Geographical Information Systems (GIS) were first developed in the early 1960's as a computer mapping mechanism but with the development of the Canada Geographical Information System the base was set for a powerful spatial analytical tool that could be used in a wide range of applications from business through to map analysis and archaeology. GIS have been used in terrestrial archaeology with success for a number of years and have started to move into the maritime archaeological field, however, little has been published on the use of GIS in the regard to the latter. On 24 May 1697, the VOC retourschip, Oosterland, was wrecked in Table Bay off Paarden Eiland, Cape Town, South Africa. With its discovery by sport divers in 1988, an ideal opportunity represented itself for the first scientific excavation of a shipwreck in southern Africa. With the development of the project, it was decided that GIS would be applied to surveyed artefacts recovered over the first fieldwork seasons. Early efforts, in 1991 and 1994, set up a GIS for this site that succeeded in plotting and mapping artefact groups selected by the user but failed in creating a system through which advanced spatial analysis could be undertaken. Because of the simplicity of the 1991 and 1994 versions of the Oosterland GIS and the fact that the format of analysis was changed from the ARCJINFO to ArcView GIS, it was necessary to re-enter all of the data. This was achieved by creating tables in the Tables feature of ArcView that contained x and y positions for all of the surveyed artefacts. Positioning of artefacts was achieved through a True Basic program that converted on-site tape measurements into map co-ordinates. Other features included in these tables were artefact numbers, names, a classification and a description of each artefact created specifically for use in this system. Once data had been captured it was plotted and spatial analysis that hoped to test the viability and accuracy of the system was performed. These tests included the orientation of the wreck on the sea floor, and assigning ownership of personal trade items within the artefact assemblage to specific people or areas on board the ship. Tests also examined the position of artefacts whose place on the working vessel were known from historical documentation and related them to other artefacts present in their immediate neighbourhoods. This system appears to possess the potential for being a powerful analytical tool which can be easily updated to include more advanced analysis and adapted to incorporate other wreck sites. Finally, this system has enormous potential as an educational tool that can be used to raise awareness of the importance of historically significant wrecks.
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Werner, Shelly D. "An assessment for the case of shared traditions in the North Channel region : site morphology and settlement distribution during the 1st Millennium BC to 1st Millennium AD." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/3197.

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The seaways appear to have been a prevalent means of travel in the past as observed in the evidence of contact and trade between regions. The Irish Sea between Britain and Ireland was part of a maritime network traditionally termed the Atlantic Seaways that linked these islands and the Continent. Communication across the North Channel between Western Scotland and northern part of Ireland may have been demonstrably easier during the later prehistoric period than movement looking eastwards across the Central Highlands of Scotland. Thus, these areas possibly developed into a ‘North Channel’ region as opposed to the sea creating a cultural divide. This idea is explored through a series of comparisons between sites either side of the North Channel. Three specific areas are targeted for the overall research, Argyll, the coastline of Northern Ireland and Co. Donegal. Both the individual architectural features and site distributions in relation to their locations within the landscape are investigated through an integrated approach. Firstly, a fine scale examination of the morphology of settlement sites using a common classification scheme explores the degree of structural comparability between these areas. The second approach is at a broader scale that statistically tests the distribution of site types with regards to specific landscape variables, including elevation, slope and aspect to identify spatial patterns. The third approach statistically tests the location of sites with regards to visibility to determine whether or not the locations of sites have particular visibility features and the comparability between the three study areas. This technique uses the Viewshed tool available in GIS software. It is argued that broad comparisons exist between Scotland and Ireland in site classifications, their distributions and vistas, which illustrate the degree of communication occurring between the study areas. Sites dating to the 1st millennium BC in Argyll and Co. Donegal exemplify similar distributions with regards to vistas and to a lesser extent the environmental variables. A few general structural features are similar between sites in Northern Ireland and Co. Donegal during this period; however, interpretations on the former also indicate that possible influences are also coming from outside the study region. Around the turn of the millennium to the beginning of the 1st millennium AD, communication links between Co. Donegal and Argyll appear to dwindle and the number of sites in Northern Ireland begins to increase. Around mid 1st millennium AD, sites in Co. Donegal illustrate features and distributions comparable to both Argyll and Northern Ireland, suggesting communication links are re‐established during this period.
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Valasik, Molly Lane. "An Examination of Collector Bias and Ohio Paleoindian Projectile Point Distributions." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1243908124.

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Greenberg, April. "A GIS-Based Spatial Analysis of Factors that Influenced the Placement of Fire-Cracked Rock Features in the Upper Basin, Northern Arizona." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1367924896.

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White, Patricia J. "Reconstructing Ancient and Modern Land Use Decisions in the Copan Valley, Honduras:A GIS Landscape Archaeology Perspective." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1448275319.

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Merlo, Stefania. "Contextualising intra-site spatial analysis : the role of three-dimensional GIS modelling in understanding excavation data." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609386.

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Rouse, L. Jesse. "Data points or cultural entities a GIS-based archaeological predictive model in a post-positivist framework /." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2000. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=1756.

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Thesis (M.A.)--West Virginia University, 2000.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains v, 95 p. : ill. (some col.), maps (some col.). Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 83-89).
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Gay, Brandon. "A Sense of Space| A GIS Viewshed Analysis of Late Intermediate Period Sites in Moquegua Peru." Thesis, University of California, San Diego, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10816377.

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This study investigates geospatial relationships among Late Intermediate Period (1000–1400 CE) settlement patterns within the Moquegua River drainage of southern Peru which were first identified in the 1990s by the Moquegua Archaeological Survey (MAS). A prevalence of walls and defensive locations and a largely vacant no-mans-land between down valley Chiribaya and up valley Estuquiña settlements likely evidences an increased level of inter-cultural conflict in the region during the LIP that may have continued in the Late Horizon. Using viewshed analyses in ARC-GIS, this study proposes and compares two possible chronologies to explore how Chiribaya, Estuquiña, and Estuquiña -Inca settlements interacted or competed for the surrounding river valley through their direct or indirect control of resources, and their ability to defend against each other. Through the identification of these prime factors, this study aims to understand how the placement of settlements corresponds to the larger web of social interactions.

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Klein, Sabrina J. "Spatial Relationships of Sacred and Secular Spaces of the Hopewell and Adena People, Muskingum River Valley, Ohio." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1431086236.

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Bethke, Brandi Ellen, and Brandi Ellen Bethke. "Dog Days to Horse Days: Evaluating the Rise of Nomadic Pastoralism Among the Blackfoot." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/621102.

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This doctoral dissertation revisits the horse in Blackfoot culture in order to explore how its adoption altered Blackfoot hunting practices and landscape uses during the Contact Period in the Northwestern Plains of North America. The Blackfoot provide one of the best avenues for research into the horse's impact on big-game hunters because of their pre-contact trajectory, history of interaction with other groups, detailed ethnographic record, and continued investment in equestrianism. While the socio-economic consequences of the horse's introduction have been studied from a historical perspective, the archaeology of this transition remains ambiguous. This project presents a new, archaeological dimension to the dynamics of the Blackfoot equestrian transition by incorporating material culture with traditional knowledge, historic accounts, and geospatial data into a multi-scalar, transnational interpretation of the horse's impact on both Blackfoot social, economic, religious, and spiritual life, as well as the way in which Blackfoot peoples used and understood their landscape. The results of this study show how these changes may be best understood as a transition in modes of production from hunting and gathering to nomadic pastoralism. In this endeavor, this project contributes new theoretical and methodological approaches as well as substantive new data to our understanding of hunting and pastoralism among people of the Northwestern Plains.
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VanderKolk, Melody Lynn. "Spatial Analysis of Bone Tools at SunWatch (33My57), A Middle Fort Ancient Indian Village." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1240104365.

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Mickelson, Andrew M. "CHANGES IN PREHISTORIC SETTLEMENT PATTERNS AS A RESULT OF SHIFTS IN SUBSISTENCE PRACTICES IN EASTERN KENTUCKY." The Ohio State University, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1039032983.

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Nordin, Fredrik. "Kusten är klar : en undersökning av Gotlands bronsåldersstrandlinje i GIS." Thesis, Högskolan på Gotland, Institutionen för kultur, energi och miljö, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hgo:diva-1090.

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In this bachelor thesis an attempt is made to recreate the shoreline of Gotland during the Bronze Age. This has been done with the help of GIS to analyze remains dated to different periods of the Bronze Age that have been situated close to the coast. Case studies of three areas of the island have been made where dated remains together with typical Bronze Age remains like cairns and ship settings are analyzed with variables such as height over sea level and geological and topographical information. Contemporary datings from each case study have been compared to find a possible shoreline for both early and late Bronze Age. Two shorelines, one for the early Bronze Age and one for the late Bronze Age, have been created and tested on the three areas to see the placement of the remains in relation to these coastlines.
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Nygren, Wåhlin Erik. "Vid gravfält och åkermark : En landskapsanalys av Upplands runstenar." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Arkeologi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-364087.

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Runestones are stones with rune carvings on them and were in Uppland mainly raised during the eleventh and early twelfth century. Much of the earlier research done on runestones has focused on their inscriptions and not as much on their placement in the landscape. The placement of runestones has of course also been studied, but not very thoroughly using modern methods, such as GIS. We know that runestones were in many cases multifunctional and could serve as grave stones, memorial monuments or boundary markers etc., and quite a few were raised by burial grounds, roads and other places where they would be seen by many. This essay aims to further explore the placement of runestones by doing a large-scale analysis of Uppland’s runestones’ relation to burial grounds, water and the adjacent lands growing conditions. The stones are in the study categorized after their ornamental style groups, which form a relative chronology, and those that have inscriptions mentioning bridges. The runestones are then compared to one another, based on the three variables earlier mentioned, to see if there are any patterns or differences between them.
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Colucci, Amanda Nicole. "Visualizing Paleoindian and Archaic Mobility in the Ohio Region of Eastern North America." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1492672487141638.

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Shapiro, Craig Harris. "The Function of Prehistoric Agricultural Systems in Sāmoa: A GIS Analysis of Resilience to Flooding." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1587471401529248.

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Guttenberg, Richard B. "Spatial signatures of ceremony and social interaction| GIS exploratory analyis of Tule Creek Village (CA-SNI-25) San Nicolas Island, California." Thesis, California State University, Los Angeles, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1583064.

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The spatial patterning of artifacts and features excavated from Tule Creek Village (CA-SNI-25), San Nicolas Island, CA provides an opportunity to analyze the intra-site correlations between artifact types, materials, and features, and allows for inferences to be made regarding the context and use of space at a late Holocene village. Excavations at East Locus at CA-SNI-25 have yielded evidence of trade with other islands as well as evidence suggesting complex ceremonial activity, such as dog and bird burials, large hearths, stacked stone features, and multiple pits which vary in size, shape and depositional content. The artifact assemblage, favorable geographic setting, and inferred ceremonial activity observed at East Locus in comparison to other late Holocene sites on San Nicolas suggest that CA-SNI-25 served as the primary center for social and economic interactions on the island during a time when the intensification of complex spheres of interaction are observed throughout the southern California Bight.

I use intra-site GIS and exploratory methods, such as spatial autocorrelation and hot-spot analysis to isolate distributions of formal artifacts and features and examine the organization of space in both ceremonial and utilitarian contexts. This provides a visual and interactive platform conducive to analyzing the abundant data collected during open area excavations at CA-SNI-25. The statistical analysis allows for inferences to be made regarding the manufacture and use of artifact types and toolkits in ceremonial and utilitarian contexts, as well as the import and use of exotic materials. Ultimately, spatial analysis using intra-site GIS reveals possible linkages of artifacts and features, as well as patterns of spatial and temporal variability in technology, subsistence, and behavior at a village on San Nicolas just prior to European contact.

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Junge, Justin Andrew. "GIS Spatial Analysis of Arctic Settlement Patterns| A Case Study in Northwest Alaska." Thesis, Portland State University, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10600719.

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Archaeologists have been interested in relationship between environmental variability and cultural change for the last six decades. By understanding how, when, and why humans adapt to environmental change, archaeologists and anthropologists can better understand the development and complexity of human cultures. In northwest Alaska, archaeologists hypothesize that environmental variability was a major factor in both growing coastal population density, with large aggregated villages and large houses, between 1000 and 500 years ago (ya), and subsequent decreasing population density between 500 ya and the contact era. After 500 ya people are thought to have dispersed to smaller settlements with smaller house sizes in coastal areas, and perhaps, upriver. This settlement pattern was identified through research at four site locations over 30 years ago. The changing geographic distribution of sites, associated settlement size, and house size has not been examined in detail. A more careful examination of changing northwest Alaskan settlement patterns is needed before larger questions about socio-economic organization can be addressed. I use Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to evaluate the evidence for a geographic redistribution of Arctic peoples during the Late Holocene.

I constructed a database of settlement location and site attribute information, specifically the number of houses within each settlement and the size (m 2). Data were collected from a dataset of Western Arctic National Parklands (WEAR), the Alaska Heritage Resource Survey (AHRS) database of archaeological sites in Alaska, 409 unpublished site reports and field notes curated by the National Park Service (NPS) and Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA), and the results of recent fieldwork in northwest Alaska. A total of 486 settlements were identified within the northwest Alaska with 128 settlements having temporal and site attribute data.

I incorporated settlement size data into a GIS database and then carried out global, Moran’s I, local Moran’s I, and local Getis-Ord spatial analyses to test whether settlement redistribution occurred and if key settlement locations shifted after 500 ya. The site attribute data (number of houses and average size of houses) are used to test the additional aspects of the proposed settlement pattern change after 500 ya. A total of 83 settlements with 465 houses are used to test if the average size of settlements and average house size changed after 500 ya.

The results of the spatial analyses indicate no statistically significant patterns in the spatial distribution of settlements. Site attribute analysis shows no statistical difference in the average number of houses per village or the average size of houses before or after 500 ya. The results of this work build our understanding of regional settlement patterns during the late Holocene. By testing settlement pattern change, i.e. settlement distribution, settlement size, and house size, future research into settlement pattern change can begin to evaluate likely causes for the observed changes. My method, specifically the use of GIS as a method for testing settlement pattern change, can be applied to other regions and temporal scales.

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Mills, Tammi, and University of Lethbridge Faculty of Arts and Science. "A GIS based approach to the spatial analysis of the Fincastle Bison Kill Site (DIOx-5)." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Dept. of Geography, c2009, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/2472.

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The Fincastle Bison Kill Site (DlOx-5), located in Southern Alberta, Canada, yielded a significant number of archaeological remains, including projectile points, lithic tools, debitage, fire broken rock (FBR) and fauna. The large 81 m2 East Block excavation area provided an opportunity to spatially analyze the remains from this part of the site using a Geographic Information System (GIS), a program that is becoming more widely employed and accepted in archaeology. This research explored the benefits of using a GIS to spatially analyze archaeological sites by using the data collected from the excavations carried out at the Fincastle Site. The process of applying spatial statistical tests and creating distribution maps within the GIS software was outlined, and the results were archaeologically interpreted. It was confirmed that a GIS can perform all of the tasks needed to spatially analyze an archaeological site and the additional benefits make a valuable component of archaeological research.
x, 144 leaves : ill. (chiefly col.) ; 29 cm
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Reader, Rachael. "Over the ditch and far away : investigating Broxmouth and the landscape of South-East Scotland during the later prehistoric period." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/7347.

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Hillforts have dominated interpretations of later prehistoric society, but these have been based on an uncritical acceptance of their military or symbolic role and a ‘big is best’ mentality. Using the exceptional archive from Broxmouth hillfort in East Lothian, the research presented in this thesis had the unique opportunity to examine the boundaries of that site in detail. Drawing on ideas that sites should not just be seen in their final form, episodes of enclosure creation, maintenance and abandonment are examined. Constructing a biography of Broxmouth has highlighted the relative infrequency of these creation events and how social relationships were intimately tied to the enclosure boundaries. These events are not isolated and investigating the contemporary landscape has shown that the coastal plain would have been densely settled, yet the bleak hills of the Lammermuirs appear to have been avoided. Mapping old routeways and pit alignments shows that this landscape may have been a draw for the practice of transhumance, primarily for sheep and cattle as demonstrated in the Broxmouth evidence. Combining GIS analyses with more experiential approaches, shows how some sites took advantage of the topographical surroundings and were instrumental in the practice of transhumance. Creation events at other sites also appear to be infrequent and examining further excavated sites in East Lothian has allowed the formation of a broad chronology of changing enclosure patterns. Contextualising Broxmouth has documented changes in how people interacted with their landscape, how social relationships were enacted and how these changed from the late Bronze Age, through to the Roman Iron Age.
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Ozarslan, Yasemin. "The Cultic Landscapes Of Phrygia." Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12612840/index.pdf.

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This thesis examines Phrygian cultic sites in Western Phrygia from the perspective of landscape using a range of Geographical Information Systems (GIS) analyses. More specifically, it explores spatial relationships between these cultic sites and the regional geographical context with reference to certain environmental and cultural parameters. These include topography, geology, and distance to settlements, hilltop sites, and ancient roads. A total of 30 Phrygian cultic sites form the primary archaeological evidence. Secondary archaeological evidence covers a range of mound settlements and hilltop sites associated with Phrygian culture. The study heavily relies on the readily available archaeological site data from related publications and recent surveys in the region. Geographic datasets used include ASTER Global DEM and derived surfaces, as well as digital geological and historical maps. This study contributes to our understanding of Phrygian cultic sites by revealing certain patterns as to their locations. It also brings all the available site data from Western Phrygia together for the first time. Ultimately, it suggests that the &ldquo
highlandscapes&rdquo
of Phrygia with spectacular geological formations could have played a crucial role on the cultic site locations.
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35

Schieffer, Adam M. "Archaeological Site Distribution in the Apalachicola/Lower Chattahoochee River Valley of Northwest Florida, Southwest Georgia, and Southeast Alabama." Scholar Commons, 2013. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4576.

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This research examines and compares the distributions of archaeological sites and materials in order to investigate native settlement patterns and resources use throughout 12,000 years of prehistory and protohistoric time within the Apalachicola/Lower Chattahoochee River valley of northwest Florida, southwest Georgia, and southeast Alabama. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are used to map the distributions of sites from different time periods and to explore their relation to various environmental characteristics that are now available in digital format. I employ tools now available in GIS to examine several longstanding research questions and expand upon archaeological interpretations within this region, where the University of South Florida (USF) has an ongoing research program. The results of this work illustrate change through time and space as cultures begin to adapt to post-Pleistocene ecological change, develop food production and complex societies, and react to the appearance of European groups.
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36

Anderson, Jason Michael. "GIS and cluster analysis : understanding settlement systems in early Christian Ireland." Virtual Press, 1997. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1041887.

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Using cluster analysis and a geographic information system (GIS), this study attempted to identify a settlement system in the Dingle Peninsula of Early Christian Ireland based on the morphological variability of ringforts. Cluster analysis was used to determine if an intuitive ringfort typological model created by the author had validity. Use of cluster analysis identified three distinct classes of univallate ringfort. Although these clusters have a higher variable mean than anticipated, they do appear to verify partial validity of the author's model. With the exception of Cluster 1, it appears that the assumption that as unvallate ringfort banks increase in elaboration, than so does their internal diameter.ARC/INFO, a GIS was used to help test the hypothesized relationship between ringfort clusters. It was assumed that the univallate ringforts with the smallest banks would be very close to and in the line of sight of bivallate and mulitvallate ringforts. Those with an intermediate bank size would tend to be farther away and not in the line of sight of bivallate and multivallate ringforts. These assumptions were determined to be invalid.
Department of Anthropology
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37

Collins, Lori D. "Understanding and Closing the Gaps: A GAP Audit Approach Linking Archaeology and Land Acquisition Strategies in Florida." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2007. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002161.

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38

Murray, Jessica. "A GIS-based analysis of hillfort location and morphology." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:85c4716f-aaa8-4415-ad9a-1ff7aee2de69.

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Moving away from the highly regionalised and constrained purely humanistic and empirical studies of hillfort location and morphology, this study is a multi-regional GIS-based analysis of the form and siting of several groups of hillforts across Britain. Hillforts in Dartmoor, Aberdeenshire, The Gower and Warminster are assessed, four regions that are topographically diverse. The highly varied topography of these regions also tests the GIS-basis of this study, another important intrinsic aspect of this novel research. GIS-based analysis has never before been applied to a study of hillfort location and morphology to this degree and, as with any innovative methodology its worth has to be tested and assessed. The thesis demonstrates that GIS-based analysis, when combined with field visits, provides a fundamental insight into the possible influences of hillfort location and morphology, which fieldwork alone will never be able to do. The GIS-based analysis developed here focuses largely upon examining degrees of movement and visibility. Unlike other GIS-based analyses of movement and visibility this integrates the two to examine visual pathways across landscapes to further investigate the visual qualities of hillforts within the various test areas. The study demonstrates that GIS-based analysis when combined with fieldwork can be affectively applied to qualitative based questions surrounding hillfort location and morphology. The overall results of this analysis had some relatively predictable results whilst there were some very surprising cases. A large number of entrances were placed within the most accessible area, however in the case of Battlesbury there was evidence for the complete disregard to accessibility within the orientation of its northwestern entrance. There were also numerous examples of the placement of a site's most prominent morphological components in correlation with the blind pathways. In these cases sites were orientated to encourage an element of surprise upon the approaching travellers.
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39

Weber, Jennifer. "Investigating the Ancient Maya Landscape: A Settlement Survey in the Periphery of Pacbitun." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2011. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/anthro_theses/54.

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This thesis presents the results of research conducted at the ancient Maya site of Pacbitun. The site, located in the foothills of the Maya Mountains in the Cayo District of Belize, offered a unique opportunity to investigate the relationship between the site core and various caves located in its 9 km2 periphery. The landscape was a critical component of ancient Maya religion. The earth and all of its topographic features were considered to be alive and, as living beings, to interact in human affairs. Caves were seen as portals to the underworld and homes to deities. Pilgrimages to these sacred places influenced and were influenced by settlement patterns and socio-political relations. Particularly targeted in this study is the causeway system, which connects the site core to a ritually used cave, and is analyzed through the application of predictive modeling. Since analysis of the intermediate area between sites and caves has been rare, this research makes a substantial contribution to our understanding of the ritual landscape.
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40

Hudson, Bob. "The Origins of Bagan: The archaeological landscape of Upper Burma to AD 1300." University of Sydney. SOPHI, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/638.

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The archaeological landscape of Upper Burma from the middle of the first millennium BC to the Bagan period in the 13th-14th century AD is a landscape of continuity. Finds of polished stone and bronze artifacts suggest the existence of early metal-using cultures in the Chindwin and Samon River Valleys, and along parts of the Ayeyarwady plain. Increasing technological and settlement complexity in the Samon Valley suggests that a distinctive culture whose agricultural and trade success can be read in the archaeological record of the Late Prehistoric period developed there. The appearance of the early urban �Pyu� system of walled central places during the early first millennium AD seems to have involved a spread of agricultural and management skills and population from the Samon. The leaders of the urban centres adopted Indic symbols and Sanskrit modes of kingship to enhance and extend their authority. The early urban system was subject over time to a range of stresses including siltation of water systems, external disruption and social changes as Buddhist notions of leadership eclipsed Brahmanical ones. The archaeological evidence indicates that a settlement was forming at Bagan during the last centuries of the first millennium AD. By the mid 11th century Bagan began to dominate Upper Burma, and the region began a transition from a system of largely autonomous city states to a centralised kingdom. Inscriptions of the 11th to 13th centuries indicate that as the Bagan Empire expanded it subsumed the agricultural lands that had been developed by the Pyu.
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41

Pursell, Corin Clayton O'Brien. "Afterimages of Kincaid Mounds." OpenSIUC, 2016. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1229.

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This research will address how the monumental organization of Kincaid Mounds was put together through time. The measurable variability in the potential performative presentation of the mounds and structures of Kincaid will be treated as an archaeological dataset for the exploration of social change. This dataset will emphasize the topological relationships among earthworks, structures, and the ancient Native Americans living within and actively constructing the site and their society. The dynamics of change in the public presentation of these earthworks will relate to public practice and changing political strategies, a local history indicative of Kincaid’s internal social processes and political trajectory in the broader Ohio Valley and Mississippian culture.
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42

Sardén, Johansson Erika. "Att Synliggöra det Osynliga : GIS som verktyg i sökandet efter bosättningsområden från bronsåldern på Gotland." Thesis, Gotland University, Department of Archeology and Osteology, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hgo:diva-123.

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In this bachelor essay an attempt is done, to recreate a probable Bronze Age landscape on Gotland, with GIS as a tool. The landscape on Gotland is situated with many different monuments dated Bronze Age, such as cairns and stone ships. In creating of the maps, two possible shorelines contemporary with the Bronze Age have been calculated and marked on the maps. Furthermore, peat lands have been drawn upon the maps, by using the information from geological maps.

A landscape variable have been compared between Bronze Age places and Early Iron Age houses; the soil type. On Bronze Age places gravel is the most common, while moraine marl is the most common on places with Early Iron Age houses.

From a selection that were made, all Bronze Age places where within 3 km from the water, either the recreated shoreline or peat land. On the maps both Early Iron Age houses and Bronze Age places seemed to have a connection with water.

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43

Jeppsson, Amanda. "Skärvstenshögar och vatten : En studie av uppländska skärvstenshögars placering i landskapet." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för arkeologi och antik historia, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-323798.

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Heaps of fire cracked stones is an apparent feature of the Scandinavian Bronze Age. The heaps are built of stones cracked by fire and then placed in different constructions. The heaps are placed in different contexts in the Bronze Age landscape and for a long time, research neglected this site category owing to that the heaps were not considered important enough to dig. During the 1980s-90s the interest for the heaps of fire cracked stones increased and it became a wellresearched although debated site category. Earlier research has interpreted the heaps to be on the hillslopes in the landscape. This study’s research aims to understand the relation between shorelines and the placement of fire cracked stone heaps. This will be done through a landscape study of Uppland. The study indicates that the pattern in the distribution of heaps of fire cracked stones creates a correlation with the shoreline of the time the heaps were built, through their placement in the landscape. By creating a dynamic shoreline displacement, the essay will be able to look at the landscape in a more detailed way and will be able to investigate the relation between the heaps and the water edge. Through excluding the heaps that are under the waterline it is possible to in general determine the earliest possible production date. The fire cracked stone heaps have earlier been categorised to the Scandinavian Bronze Age but this research argues that some of the heaps should belong to the Neolithic Age as well.
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44

Kiroglu, Fatih Mehmet. "A Gis Based Spatial Data Analysis In Knidian Amphora Workshops In Resadiye." Master's thesis, METU, 2003. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/1223320/index.pdf.

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The main objective of this study is to determine main activity locations and correlation between different artifact types in an archaeological site with geographical information systems (GIS) and spatial data analyses. Knidian amphora workshops in Datç
a peninsula are studied in order to apply GIS and spatial statistical techniques. GIS capabilities are coupled with some spatial statistical software and spatial data analysis steps are followed. Both point and area datasets are examined for the effective analysis of the same set of spatial phenomena. Visualizing the artifact distribution with the help of GIS tools enables proposing hypotheses about the study area. In exploration part of the study, those assumptions are tested and developed with the help of explorative methods and GIS. The results are discussed and assessed in terms of archaeological framework. Finally the results are compared with the archeo-geophysical anomalies and excavation results.
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45

Palmborn, Markus. "Böten, Signalen och Branden : Att undersöka förutsättningarna för signalsystem med hjälp av GIS och ortnamn." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Arkeologi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-351864.

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Scandinavia is famous for their Viking ships and their raids during the 9th century. However, the Scandinavian society was widely divided between the ruling forces. There are a lot of evidence for conflicts within the Viking world, with both written sources, stories and archaeological records speaking for it. As the ship, and travel by water, was one of the most efficient ways of travelling, widely used within all of Iron Age Scandinavia, this paper seeks to explore the possibilities of a maritime defense system within the central Viking society using place names and GIS. Uppland, as one of the most influential areas in Scandinavian Iron Age, hosting sites as Vendel and Gamla Uppsala, the use and need of a maritime defense would have been, due to the risk of conflict, vital.
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46

Kooistra, Marty. "Prehistoric Settlement Patterns| A Gis-based Analysis of Virgin Branch Ancestral Pueblo Habitation in the Mount Trumbull Region of Northwestern Arizona." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10839472.

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Prehistoric habitation structures located in the Mount Trumbull region of northwestern Arizona are constructed across a diverse topographic landscape. Several archaeological site reports for the Mt. Trumbull region allude to the exceptional views from habitation structures despite their often non-obtrusive locations. In this thesis, I utilize Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to facilitate the understanding of patterns and relationships among archaeological habitation structures discovered across this exceptionally diverse landscape.

Using cumulative viewshed analysis, this thesis endeavors to characterize prehistoric habitations as linked in two ways. The first is geographic. Are habitation sites intervisible? The second means of connection concerns material manifestations. To what extent do habitation sites share similar ceramics, architectural styles, and stone tools? The research seeks to improve current knowledge of Ancestral Pueblo settlement patterns and determine if the geographic location of habitation sites predicts the structure of their material remains; and if so, would this provide evidence for the existence of prehistoric communities? Based on the outcomes of several cumulative viewshed analyses, I conclude that the placement of known habitation sites across the landscape significantly differs when compared to sample non-site locations suggesting that habitation sites were constructed in areas of the landscape that favored intervisibility.

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47

Sunneborn, Gudnadottir Anna. "The Missing People of Malthi : A kernel density analysis based on Middle Helladic Ceramics." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för arkeologi och antik historia, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-387782.

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This study aims to identify human interference and tendencies in the Bronze Age settlement of Malthi, Greece. It has employed a spatial analysis, a Kernel Density Estimate, to locate areas of anthropic interference and evaluate if the initial excavation report, despite its flaws, can be used in newer research. The study was able to identify intense Middle Helladic human presence on some of the areas of the settlement, mainly the ‘central terrace’, prove that Natan Valmin’s excavation report can still be used to gain new knowledge regarding the Bronze Age, and that a thorough investigation of the standing architecture needs to be done.
Syftet med den här studien är att identifiera mänsklig närvaro och tendenser på bronsåldersboplatsen i Malthi, Grekland. En rumslig analys, en Kernel Density Estimation, har använts för att lokalisera områden av mänsklig närvaro och har utvärderat om original utgrävningsrapporten, trots sina brister, kan användas i ny forskning. Studien kunde identifiera intensiv Mellanhelladisk närvaro i några delar av boplatsen, mestadels på ’central terrassen’, och kunde visa att Natan Valmins utgrävningsrapport kan användas för att få ny kunskap om bronsåldern, och att en ingående studie av de stående arkitektoniska elementen måste göras.
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48

VanValkenburgh, Nathaniel. "Building Subjects: Landscapes of Forced Resettlement in the Zaña and Chamán Valleys, Peru, 16th-17th Centuries C.E." Thesis, Harvard University, 2012. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10541.

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This dissertation examines transformations in the political landscapes of 16th and 17th century colonial Peru, focusing in particular on the effects of the reducción forced resettlement movement on native communities in the Zaña and Chamán valleys of Peru's North Coast region. Based on archaeological settlement survey, excavations, geophysical survey, artifact analysis and archival research, I explore how reducción impacted indigenous political subjectivities, lifeways, and built environments within the Zaña/Chamán region. In my analysis, I describe reducción as both a movement (primarily initiated under the watch of Peru's fifth viceroy, Francisco de Toledo) that had immediate effects on social and material life in the Zaña and Chamán valleys and as a field of discourse that extended well beyond those practical moments. In turn, I demonstrate how reducción discourse grew out of diverse strands of Classical and Early Modern thought, but also critically responded to Spanish clerical and administrative perception of New World built environments and landscapes. Based on archaeological survey data, I argue that the Toledan reducción movement had profound effects on settlement systems in the lower Zaña and Chamán valleys, leading to a drastic increase in settlement nucleation and contributing to indigenous population decline. In tandem, reducción transformed native political affiliations from a series of nested political hierarchies into residentially based affiliations that proved incredibly resilient during nearly three centuries of colonial rule -- outlasting even the lives of individual reducción settlements themselves. Based on test excavations, geophysical survey, and three-dimensional mapping at colonial sites within the project area, I also note significant variations in the form of reducción settlements within the Zaña/Chamán region. I argue that these variations represent the modification of site plans by both Spanish and native actors and reflect the exigencies of Christian conversion, economic exploitation, and cultural survival. Moreover, I demonstrate how new burial traditions and forms of domestic offerings found in reducción settlements in the Zaña and Chamán valleys reflect novel forms of cultural production. Ultimately, I argue that that the story of reducción in the Zaña/Chamán region was neither one of straightforward colonial domination nor tidy negotiation between colonial officials and indigenous subjects. Rather, it was a fractious process that led to unanticipated rearticulations of discourse and practice, which were shaped by local conditions of possibility, improvisation, and contradiction.
Anthropology
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49

Brandt, Acke. "Norrlands fornborgar : Funktioner & Tolkningar." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för idé- och samhällsstudier, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-187036.

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This study about Norrland’s hillforts has been a way to understand and figure out how the hillforts has been used. By reading previously published literature around mostly Scandinavian hillforts and what they may have had for functions and dating, if the assumed previously functions in Norrland was right or if there could be more to them. In this study it shows that functions for hillforts is mostly assumed with none or a few archaeological evidence. The first assumed function of Norrlands hillfort as refuge has been criticized by authors from Norway and Finland because of the distance between district and hillfort. The assumption suggested that it would have been too difficult to flee from an enemy if a raid would be of essence, and with published literature, GIS-analysis, and 3D pictures this can hopefully be shown for the reader.
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50

Cutright-Smith, Elisabeth. "Mapping Ancestral Hopi Archaeological Landscapes: An Assessment of the Efficacy of GIS Analysis for Interpreting Indigenous Cultural Landscapes." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/306776.

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The Homol'ovi region of northeastern Arizona was home to a dense prehistoric population with strong, archaeologically-visible ties to the Hopi Mesas. As an ancestral Hopi residential area, this region is an important part of the Hopi cultural landscape utilized contemporarily by Hopi people for religious and resource procurement purposes. However, while previous research indicates that the Cottonwood Wash drainage formed an important component of the Homol'ovi landscape, the archaeology of the wash and its adjacent uplands is poorly understood. This research adopts a two-pronged approach to assessing the efficacy of GIS analysis for interpreting the spatial distribution of archaeological sites within the Homol'ovi landscape. The deductive approach draws on principles of cultural landscape theory to construct a descriptive model of dimensions of Hopi land use on the basis of ethnographic documentation and Hopi traditional history. This model is applied to a database composed of survey data collected from the Cottonwood Wash vicinity and data from the Homol'ovi Research Program's survey of Homolovi State Park. The model is then operationalized through GIS analysis of site distributions, and the efficacy of the model for predicting the location of different types of prehistoric land use is evaluated. The second, inductive, approach examines site distribution relative to patterns of visibility and movement in the Homol'ovi region and identifies areas for the refinement of spatial data associated with shrines and petroglyphs in the region. On the basis of this two-pronged approach, a research strategy iteratively incorporating deductive and inductive analyses, coupled with the use of participatory approaches, is recommended for future research.
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