Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Gisement pétrole'
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Rousseau, Bernard. "Contribution à l'étude structurale de fluides de gisement par résonance magnétique nucléaire." Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112404.
Full textLagrabette, Anne. "Caractérisation acoustique de propriétés thermophysiques dans le domaine des hautes pressions, application aux fractions lourdes des fluides de gisement." Pau, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PAUU3005.
Full textHamel, Aïcha. "Etude géologique des grès triasiques du gisement pétrolier de Hassi R'mel (Algérie) : Caractérisation, extension et milieu de dépôt." Besançon, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BESA2003.
Full textRachmat, Sudjati H. "Modélisation numérique d'écoulements polyphasiques en milieu poreux : application à l'étude des champs de pressions et de saturaitons d'un gisement de pétrole." Lyon 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LYO19002.
Full textNguyen, Van Phuc. "Étude expérimentale et modélisation des interactions entre H2S et les hydrocarbures. Formation de composés organo-soufrés et effets cinétiques en gisement." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0292/document.
Full textH2S can be a dominant gas in carbonate petroleum reservoirs. However, researches on the influence of H2S on the oil stability are limited in literature. In this thesis, interactions between hydrocarbons (oils, model compounds) and H2S were studied by confined pyrolysis in gold cells from 310 to 350°C under 700 bar. Results of pyrolysis of oil (free of sulfur) in presence of H2S lead to highlight a new pathway of formation of organic sulfur compounds in oils. Pyrolysis of binary mixtures n-octane/H2S and alkylbenzène/H2S allowed to propose different radical reactions for the generation of main sulfur products, namely, thiophene, thiols, thiacycloalkanes, alkyl-thiophenes in the first case ; thiol-aromatics, alkyl-benzothiophenes in the second. Results obtained in the mixture n-octane/H2S led to construct and validate a detailed mechanistic model. The mechanism shows that pyrolysis of n-octane/H2S occurs in long chain and H2S has an inhibition effect on the consumption of n-octane at temperatures above of 320°C, but accelerate the reaction rate strongly at low temperatures. Extrapolation of the kinetic model to geological temperatures and pressures (150-200°C, 700 bar) shows that H2S can significantly influence the composition and stability of hydrocarbons. It is also proposed to apply the model to study the reactivity of H2S under conditions of enhanced recovery (steam injection, pyrolysis) or of geological storage in depleted petroleum reservoirs
Chugunova, Tatiana. "Contrainte des modèles génétiques de réservoirs par une approche de reconnaissance statistique de forme." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2008. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00004452.
Full textGrabowski-Lux, Agnès. "Analyse de la diversité microbienne d'un gisement pétrolier biodégradé." Brest, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BRES2031.
Full textThe presence of microorganisms in oil fields has been detected for a long time and sulphate reducers have been extensively studied in these ecosystems. However, our knowledge of the diversity and the activities of the bacteria thriving in these particular subterranean environments is still limited. In this study, we have characterized the microbial population in a low-temperature and low-salinity Canadian oil reservoir using both cultural and molecular techniques. The dominant cultivable population was composed of homoacetogens, acetoclastic methanogens, sulphate reducers and denitrifiers. Molecular analysis of enrichment cultures showed the presence of a wider diversity of microorganisms related to Proteobacteria (beta, delta, epsilon), Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Spirochaetes, Deferribacteres and Euryarchaeota. Some of the predominant cultivable bacteria could be isolated and one fermentative strain affiliated to the Bacteroidetes was characterized. On the basis of chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, a new genus and a new species, Petromonas sulfurophila could be proposed. Direct analysis of the production water confirmed the presence of methanogens related to Methanosarcinales (Methanosaeta, Methanosarcina, Methanolobus) and Methanomicrobiales (Methanocorpusculum, Methanocalculus, Methanoculleus, Methanospirillum). A unique phylotype related to Arcobacter (Proteobacteria epsilon) was obtained in the bacterial library but the ecological significance of the corresponding microorganisms is unknown. Cross evaluation of microbial and geochemical data suggests that methanogenesis is the dominant terminal process in this oil field. Characterization of long chain fatty acid-degrading consortia showed that methane could be produced by syntrophic associations involving several methanogenic bacteria using acetate, hydrogen or formate. Similar associations could perhaps be involved in hydrocarbon degradation in situ
Bounaceur, Roda. "Modélisation cinétique de l'évolution thermique des pétroles dans les gisements." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2001. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_2001_BOUNACEUR_R.pdf.
Full textThe aim of this work is to obtain a better understanding of the reactions involved in the thermal cracking of crude oil in sedimentary basins, and to study its kinetics as a function of temperature and pressure. We study the kinetics of pyrolysis of alkanes at low temperature, high pressure and high conversion and we propose three methods of reduction of the corresponding mechanisms. Several compounds having an inhibiting or accelerating effect on the rate of decomposition of alkanes were also studied. This research led to the construction of a general kinetic model of 5200 elementary steps representing the pyrolysis of a complex mixture of 52 molecules belonging to various chemical families: 30 linear alkanes (from CH4 to C30H62), 10 branched-chain alkanes (including pristane and phytane), 2 naphtenes (propylcyc1opentane and propycyclohexane), tetralin, l-methylindan, 4 aromatics (benzene, toluene, butylbenzene and decylbenzene), 3 heteroatomic compounds (a disulfide, a mercaptan and H2S). This model is compared to experimental data coming from the pyrolysis of two oils: one from the North Sea and the other from Pematang. The results obtained show a good agreement between the experimental and simulated values. Then, we simulated the cracking of these two oils by using the following burial scenario: initial temperature of 160°C, 50 m per million years (ma) in a constant geothermal gradient of 30°C/km, implying a heating rate of 1. 5°C/ma. Under these conditions, our model shows that these two oils start to crack only towards 210-220°C and that their time ofhalf-life corresponds to a temperature around 230- 240°C. The model also makes it possible to simulate the evolution of geochemical parameters such as the GOR, the API degree. .
Lannuzel, Frédéric. "Influence des aromatiques sur la stabilité thermique des pétroles dans les gisements." Phd thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine - INPL, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00473215.
Full textHermitte, Thierry. "Maillage adaptatif en espace dans les simulations de gisements pétroliers." Aix-Marseille 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993AIX11064.
Full textNyouki, Evariste. "Asymétries et externalités d'informations, stratégies des compagnies et efficacité informationnelle de l'exploration pétrolière." Montpellier 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON10060.
Full textWilbois, Boris. "Modèle macroscopique d'écoulements de fluides multiconstituants en milieu poreux applicable aux gisements pétroliers." Bordeaux 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BOR12773.
Full textDoubragne, Issa. "Le Logone Oriental entre pétrole et réfugiés : étude des impacts socio-économiques." Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010508.
Full textNaili, Nabil. "Etude comparative des propriétés thermodynamiques et recherche de la miscibilité entre divers gaz d'injection et des huiles légères : application à deux gisements algériens : Mesdar et Zarzaitine." Lyon 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO10041.
Full textArnaud, Noël Voula Emvoutou. "Géopolitique du pétrole et conflictualité dans le golfe de Guinée." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO30031.
Full textAccess to oil resources by importers, and the controlling its revenue by exporters raise complex issues in the oil regions and more especially in the Gulf of Guinea. In the latter region, importing oil powers have been at the center of many conflicts both within states and between them. In Congo Brazzaville, for example, Elf had been accused - in a complaint to the Tribunal de Grande Instance in Paris November 20, 1997 - by former President Pascal Lissouba of aiding Sassou Nguesso to make his coup in 1997. Other major oil companies, namely Shell, Mobil and Texaco have also been implicated in some civil wars in the sub-region such as Nigeria and Angola. In addition to these so-called internal conflicts, the Gulf of Guinea has been and remains the centre of maritime border disputes on oil where importers of black gold are noticed. Today, the Gulf of Guinea is facing a new desire for its oil. This renewed interest in the strategic Gulf of Guinea raises a heuristic thinking.The main hypothesis of this study is that the new interest for oil in the Gulf of Guinea is a real threat to the stability and hence the risk of the development efforts of the producers of black gold country this space. It portends the resurgence of a complex system of conflicts in the sub-region. Indeed, the democratic deficit, the bad economic governance, the decomposition of the territories, the folds of identities, competitive processes to access oil by consuming powers and the power struggles between them make the tropism of oil empires in the sub-region questionable. That is if the oil has been in the Gulf of Guinea a real casus belli, it is clear that oil governance could sanitize the area tainted by oil conflict and thus lead to development
Razafinarivo, Noroanja. "Étude cinétique de la pyrolyse du n-octane induite par un hydroperoxyde : application à l'évolution thermique des pétroles dans les gisements." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2006. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL/2006_RAZAFINARIVO_N.pdf.
Full textMixtures of n-octane and tertiobutylhydroperoxyde (inducer) were pyrolyzed in closed reactor under gas phase at low pressure (about 1 Torr of reactants diluted in 1000 Torr of inert gas) for reaction times of a few hours and temperatures ranging from 200 to 450°C. The hydroperoxyde strongly induced the decomposition of octane without significantly changing the products distribution. The reactions were modelled using a detailed radical mechanism. Complementary studies were performed at 450°C and high pressures (10, 100 and 700 bars). The induction effect of the hydroperoxyde decreased strongly when pressure increased. Yet, significant induction is again observed at 700 bars when a temperature of 250°C is used. Similar results are obtained when using a mixture of hydroperoxyde and a paraffinic oil. The approach using an inducer will allow the study of the thermal decomposition of hydrocarbon mixtures at geological temperatures
Hamdadou, Mohammed. "Caractérisation pétro-minéralogique et séquentielle du gisement de phosphate de Djebel Onk (Algérie) : quantification et répartition de l'exo- et endogangue : approche nouvelle du traitement." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPL064N.
Full textLepez, Vincent. "Potentiel de réserves d'un bassin pétrolier : modélisation et estimation." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00460802.
Full textFlandrin, Nicolas. "Génération de maillage hybride pour les simulateurs de réservoir pétrolier de nouvelle génération : extension 3D." Troyes, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TROY0009.
Full textDuring the exploitation of an oil reservoir, it is important to predict the recovery of hydrocarbons and to optimize its production. A better comprehension of the physical phenomena requires to simulate 3D multiphase flows in increasingly complex geological structures. In this thesis, we are interested in this spatial discretization and we propose to extend in 3D the 2D hybrid model proposed by IFP in 1998 where the radial characteristics of the flows in the vicinity of wells are directly taken into account in the geometry. In these hybrid meshes, the wells and their drainage area are described by structured radial circular meshes and the reservoirs are represented by structured meshes that can be non uniform Cartesian or Corner Point Geometry grids. In order to generate a global conforming mesh, unstructured transition meshes based on power diagrams and satisfying finite volume properties are used to connect together the structured meshes. Two methods have been implemented to generate these transition meshes: a method using a Delaunay triangulation and another one using a frontal approach. In addition, some criteria are introduced to measure the quality or the transition meshes and optimization procedures are proposed to increase some of these criteria under finite volume properties constraints
Lavie, Guillaume. "Simulation et analyse numérique de procédés de récupération de pétrole caractérisés par des fronts raides." Thesis, Pau, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PAUU3028/document.
Full textWith rarefaction of conventional petroleum fields and the world supply increase, petroleum companies have to consider new unexploited reserves because of their exploitation cost few years ago. These reserves are called unconventional reserves, mainly heavy oil or extra heavy oil. This work is devoted to the numerical simulation of an extraction process of heavy oil, the VAPEX. VAPEX is characterized by solvent injection in a horizontal well in order to facilitate gravity drainage of oil in a producer well situated in the same way under the injector well. The main stake to simulate this process is to simulate the mechanism of solvent penetration in oil with precision, this penetration zone being very thin drawn to the reservoir scale. We focus our work on application of algorithm of adaptive mesh refinement to simulate this process. This consideration lead us to consider the issue of application of mesh refinement in porous media, especially in heterogeneous porous media for which existing indicators (or estimators) do not allow to determine properly the zone to be refined. The objective of this work is to determine a posteriori estimators for implementation of simulation codes of heterogeneous petroleum reservoirs and their application to the VAPEX process. Firstly, we set the whole equations we have to solve numerically to build simulators of petroleum extraction processes by water injection and solvent injection. Then, we describe the VAPEX process and we establish the semi-analytical study of Butler & Mokrys of this process for which we take in account influence of capillarity. Afterwards, we describe two mathematical methods to establish a posteriori estimators for such problems. One of these methods is based on empirical extrapolation of existing estimators for hyperbolic problems given by Ohlberger. In the course of this work, we set two simulation codes of petroleum reservoirs, the first is a simulator based on equations discretisation by mixed finite element method allowing simulation of water injection problems and the second is based on discretisation by finite volumes method allowing simulation of solvent injection processes like the VAPEX. Then, we apply these estimators to an algorithm of mesh refinement for these two simulation codes. The study of the semi-analytical model set of the VAPEX process show that under hypothesis, capillarity can be likened to a diffusive term to determine the front tracking. Estimators set are based on flux variation and allow determining sharp zone to be refined in heterogeneous porous media. We illustrate this result for a simulation of water injection with the simulator built. The estimators set can also track saturations fronts and concentrations fronts. We illustrate this result on a simulation of the VAPEX process. This work shows it is possible to set estimators allowing mesh refinement to track saturations and concentrations fronts during simulation of flow in heterogeneous porous media. To set such estimators, we make a distinction between saturation (resp. concentration) front and high saturation (resp. concentration) gradient. To our point of view, a front is a high variation of saturation or concentration that has a high impact on the flux variation. It is different from a high gradient that appear automatically where the permeability of the porous media has a high variation. This work could be complemented by making more simulations with variations of capillarity and dispersive terms in order to have a better appreciation of estimators introduced. It would be advisable to study the impact of suppositions done to establish these empirical estimators set. After all, such estimators could be applied to a simulation code taking in account dispersion in porous media
Rouillard, Pierrick. "Modèle architectural et lithologique du système de Rosetta (Delta du Nil, Méditerranée orientale) : implication pour un analogue actuel de réservoir pétrolier." Nice, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NICE4113.
Full textLes systèmes sédimentaires turbiditiques modernes présentent un intérêt aussi bien académique qu’industriel pour la compréhension de la construction des marges continentales, ainsi que pour l’élaboration d’analogues de réservoirs pétroliers. Depuis de nombreuses années, les systèmes sédimentaires situés au large des grands deltas, sont des cibles préférentielles des compagnies pétrolières, car les systèmes deltaïques et turbiditiques sont édifiés par/selon des processus hydrodynamiques reconnus pour leur capacité à trier et à concentrer les sables. Le besoin d’analogues est crucial pour l’exploration pétrolière, principalement pour les réservoirs marins profonds. Leur grande variabilité de taille, d’épaisseur et leur changement latéral de faciès rendent ces systèmes très difficiles à prédire et modéliser aussi bien de façon analogique que numérique. L’analyse de la géométrie et du mode d’empilement des corps sédimentaires « récents » peut ainsi améliorer notre capacité à comprendre les réservoirs enfouis à plusieurs milliers de mètres sous le fond marin. Le système de Rosetta (Province Occidentale du Delta du Nil) est probablement un des meilleurs sites pour l’étude d’un appareil gravitaire moderne silto-argileux alimenté par un delta, car d’une part son histoire récente, son architecture générale, sa source et les facteurs contrôlant la dispersion sédimentaire sont aujourd’hui bien contraints, et d’autre part le Delta du Nil correspond à la principale zone d’exploration gazière en Méditerranée. L’objectif de ce travail est donc de présenter un modèle architectural et lithologique du système de Rosetta à l’échelle du Quaternaire, en intégrant l’ensemble des environnements de la marge (plateau continental, pente et bassin profond). Une telle corrélation plateau-bassin n’a encore jamais pu être effectuée complètement dans aucun des grands systèmes turbiditiques modernes et constitue donc le point fort de ce travail. Une large couverture de données sismiques 2D et 3D sur l’ensemble du système de Rosetta (au Nord ouest du delta du Nil), associée à un cadre stratigraphique relativement bien contraint, a permis de caractériser les objets sédimentaires et de reconstituer l’architecture générale du système depuis le Pliocène supérieur. Parmi ces objets, 11 canyons et 18 dépôts de transport en masse ont notamment été cartographiés sur la plate-forme et la pente continentale. La chronologie des évènements de dépôt, qui a pu être particulièrement détaillée pour les derniers 200 ka, et les séquences de dépôts associées ont servi de base pour la conception du modèle. Le système de Rosetta apparaît comme un système à source ponctuelle instable (ou migrante), principalement contrôlé par les variations relatives du niveau marin, les variations de flux sédimentaires et les déstabilisations de bordure de plate-forme. Le caractère cyclique des séquences de dépôt mis en évidence en profondeur suggère que l’organisation stratigraphique peut être appliquée aux dépôts plus anciens tels que les Formations El Wastani et Kafr El Sheikh, connues comme d’importants réservoirs de gaz dans la région du Delta du Nil. Plus généralement, la comparaison du système de Rosetta (ou Nil récent) avec des systèmes analogues comme le Mississippi ou l’Amazone a montré que le fonctionnement du système général du Delta du Nil n’est pas unique à l’échelle du globe et que le modèle obtenu représente un bon analogue moderne pour les systèmes sédimentaires de subsurface déposés en domaine marin profond
Moumas, Valérie. "Application des méthodes intégrales pour l'évaluation de la performance des puits horizontaux dans un réservoir stratifié à géométrie quelconque." Compiègne, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003COMP1465.
Full textBoundary integral methods make it possible to overcome the scale difference between the size of the reservoir (several kilometers) and the radius of the weIl (less than 15 cm). They have recently been used in petroleum engineering, but they were limited to 2D problems, and the weIl was modelled like a source term. Here we propose a new boundary integral method to evaluate weIl performance in a 3D stratified reservoir with arbitrary geometry. The flow in the weIl is modelled using one of two boundary conditions, the first one linear, the second one non-linear and non-local. We have proved that both models are well-posed, and we have developed a new boundary integr al formulation to treat the linear mode!. Boundary integral equations have been discretized by a Galerkin method, and integrals on the weIl have been reduced to ID integrals, thanks to the scale difference. WeIl productivity index can be calculated by our new method with a precision of 1%
Walther, René. "Les activités pétrolières de Péchelbronn (1735-1970)." Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005STR20006.
Full textHow did the oil industry manage to survive from 1735 to 1970? In 1735 the conditions were fulfilled for fhe sustained and profitable extraction and transformation of oil-bearing sands in Alsace. However, a disagreement among the shareholders meant that collective ownership was replaced by family-based capitalism. Thus, from 1760 to 1867, the Le Bel family pursued a “dynastyc” strategy relying on both farming and mining activities; Then, from 1868 to 1888, the industrial revolution brought about radical change in Pechelbronn, as the digging of gradually gave way to new drilling techniques. The oil company prospered, but then, in 1888, Joseph-Achille Le Bel and his sisters decided to sell. The Alsatian public limited company which took over the mining concession made considerable profits, but failed to prevent an inflow of German capital. Between 1906 and 1918, the D. E. A. (ie, Deutsche Erdölgesellschaft) gained control of Alsatian oil, which permitted the German company to develop into a large Europe-wide concern. During the first world war, oil shortages led to renewed mining activity. As France emerged victorious from the conflict, the Germans were throw out, and the newly-set up Pechelbronn Société Anonyme d'Exploitations Minières became an instrument of French oil policy between the two world wars. As a result, the Pechelbronn was no longer regulated by market forces. During the German occupation in the second world war, the D. E. A. Regained possession of the oilfield, while the S. A. E. M. Remained in business thanks to the subsidiary companies it had spawned elsewhere in France. From 1945 to 1950, it proceeded to rebuilt the bombed-out refinery, but the quantity of oil extracted dwindled, and government subsidies decreased accordingly. From 1951, the mines and factories in Pechelbronn were gradually dismantled, and in 1970, exploitation of the site ceased completely. At the same time, the ANTAR subsidiary became the seventh largest oil refining company in France
Maunier, Christine. "Développement d'un outil numérique d'aide à l'étude et à la conception de procédés d'injection d'eaux additivées : application à la récupération tertiaire du pétrole." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPL132N.
Full textElias, Bahnan Alexy. "Circulation des fluides et diagenèse du système pétrolier de Lacq : impact de l'évolution géodynamique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0221.
Full textThe geodynamic evolution of basins exerts a major control on the evolution of the pathways, temperature, pressure and chemistry of circulating fluids. This in turn influences the diagenesis and petrophysical properties of petroleum reservoirs. Recently, geodynamic models of the Pyrenees and the south Aquitaine basin were revisited and updated to include the involvement of an Early Cretaceous rifting phase that evolved to extreme crustal thinning coupled with mantle exhumation, followed by an inversion and convergence during the Late Cretaceous and the Paleogene. This revised model highlights the possible impact of hydrothermal fluids on the diagenesis of petroleum reservoirs in the southern Aquitaine Basin. This work is based on the study of three drill cores penetrating the Upper Cretaceous (Upper Lacq) reservoirs and the Upper Jurassic to Early Cretaceous (Deep Lacq) reservoirs. Using a multitude of petrographic, geochemical and modeling tools, we document how the Aptian hyperextension was coupled with the circulation of Mg-rich fluids that partially dolomitized Deep Lacq. Mg was provided from the clay-rich formations at depths while salinities were the result of fluid interaction with the Triassic evaporites. Different fracturing episodes during the post-rift stage, when the N-S convergence started, connected Deep Lacq with a pool of fluids oversaturated with respect to calcites. A third fluid pulse, linked to the Eocene compression, precipitated massive anhydrites in Deep Lacq. At the same time in Upper Lacq, diagenesis was marked by orogeny-driven hydrothermal fluid circulations along the major faults and fractures on the crest of Lacq anticline. Hydrothermal dolomites were documented with temperatures nearly 40°C higher than the surrounding host rocks. Different fracturing episodes, related to the Pyrenean orogeny, were later responsible for calcite and anhydrite cementation. The oil and gas infilling of Upper and Deep Lacq respectively are assumed to be post-orogenic. Therefore, it is evident that the overall geodynamic setting and the geologic evolution of the Pyrenean foothills, governed mainly by the Aptian hyperextension and the Eocene convergence, had a significant control on the types, sources and circulation pathways of the diagenetic fluids
Leguizamón, Guerra Néstor Camilo. "Influence cinétique de H2S sur la pyrolyse des hydrocarbures aromatiques aux pressions de réservoirs géologiques (700 bar) : étude expérimentale du système n-butylbenzène – H2S comparée au n-butylbenzène pur." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0150/document.
Full textUnderstanding of hydrocarbon composition in oil reservoirs is a major issue in order to assess the feasibility and the implications of further extraction of buried resources. The presence of acidic gases as well as corrosive compounds can make the difference between an extraction project that will be developed and another that will be considered as unsustainable. In this context, the presence of H2S plays a major role, due to H2S toxicity and the economic investments needed to separate it and to reduce the concentration of related sulfur compounds to permitted levels required by current legislations. Although it is known that high concentrations in carbonate oil reservoirs are produced by the reaction between hydrocarbons and sulfate ions (SO42-) in the aqueous phase, the influence of H2S on petroleum cracking and on the formation of sulfur compounds is little known. In this thesis, the influence of H2S on the cracking of aromatic hydrocarbons under oil reservoir pressure and temperature conditions was studied by confined pyrolysis artificial maturation of a model compound (n-butylbenzene) with and without presence of H2S. Thus, the pure n-butylbenzene and the n-butylbenzene-H2S mixture were pyrolyzed in the gold capsules at temperatures between 310 °C and 350 °C at a constant pressure of 700 bar for periods from 3 to 15 days. The results of pure n-butylbenzene pyrolysis allowed the construction and validation of a detailed kinetic model whose extrapolation to geological temperatures and pressures (200 °C, 700 bar) shows that the average half-life of n-butylbenzene is similar to that of alkanes. Some formation pathways of the major sulfur-containing compounds H2S (thiols and phenylthiophens) produced by interaction between n-butylbenzene have been proposed. These formation pathways highlight the control of the aliphatic chain reactions on the cracking of the alkyl-aromatic compounds at the experimental conditions of this study. Comparison of the two experimental systems in the presence and absence of H2S also exposed the accelerating effect of H2S cracking on n-butylbenzene and long-chain alkyl aliphatic compounds under pyrolysis conditions
Sahaab, Abdalratha. "Paleoenvironmental conditions and diagenetic evolution of the mishrif formation (Nasiriyah oil field, Iraq)." Thesis, Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL10196.
Full textThe aim of the present study is related to understand the paleofluid-rock interactions in carbonate rocks and its relation with oil potential during upper Cretaceous. Paleogeography studies, geological descriptions and geochemistry analyses of the reservoir rocks were conducted on the Mishrif Formation of the Nasiriah oil field (south-east of Iraq). The data of drill cores from 5 drillholes (NS-1 to NS-5), exploration reports and production data of the Nasiriyah oil field have been used. The microfacies analyses show that Mishrif includes foraminifera, coral, ruddiest, algae, microbialite, favreina microcoprolite, pellets, peloids, aggregate grains and rounded clastic grains. Therefore, shallow-water environments represent Mishrif paleoenvironments, included evaporitic zone to the back-reef zone of the interior carbonate platform shelf. Transport system in the Mishrif contains stylolite networks, fractures and porosity systems. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) shows the balanced distribution of the transport systems regardless of the microfacies type. The aqueous fluid inclusions are mainly composed of H2O-MgCl2 system. Homogeneous temperatures of the aqueous fluid inclusions range from 150 to 175°C. Homogeneous temperatures of the petroleum fluid inclusions in the latter fractures represent high degrees from 225 up to 250°C. Cementation process exhibits four phases of the cementation events. The first phase took place before the hydrocarbon migration. The second occurred during the hydrocarbon migration. Third phase happened after process of the hydrocarbon migration and the last phase represented the thermochemical sulfate reduction by the distribution of bitumen
Guetni, Imane. "Transport of polymer solutions in controlled low permeability porous media of various mineralogies." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0184.
Full textChemical Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) is considered as an attractive option for low permeability reservoirs, in particular where lack of gas supply does not allow gas injection processes. However, its application can be challenging for permeabilities below 100mD, as poor injectivity and high chemical retention are frequently observed in these cases. This work aimed at investigating the impact of both chemical and mineralogical parameters on the transport of polymer solutions in well-controlled low permeability porous media. For that, polymer injection tests were carried out using HPAM solutions of different ionic strengths and hardnesses and four granular sand-clay packs using quartz and three types of clays: kaolinite, illite and smectite. Results confirm the major role played by the injection water composition (salinity and hardness) on polymer conformation and on polymer-minerals interactions. Strong interactions between polymer and clay are evidenced with significant differences according to the clay type: good propagation and high polymer retention in an uncharged and non-swelling clay (kaolinite) and poor propagation with lower retention than expected in charged or swelling clays (illite, smectite). These outcomes stand as new elements for understanding the transport of polymer solutions in low permeability sandstone reservoirs
Rakotoalimanana, Andrianjafy Darwin. "Pyrolyse du n-butylcyclohexane à haute pression (100 bar) : application à la stabilité thermique des naphtènes dans les fluides pétroliers HP/HT." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0029/document.
Full textThis thesis aims at better understanding the thermal cracking reactions of naphthenes (saturated cyclic hydrocarbons), occurring in petroleum reservoirs. Naphthenes represent a significant fraction of “High Pressure/High Temperature” oils in deeply buried reservoirs; however, studies in these conditions are very limited in literature. The pyrolysis of n-butylcyclohexane is studied in a gold sealed tube reactor between 300 and 425°C, at 100 bar. n-Butylcylohexane mainly leads to n-alkanes (C1-C4), other naphthenes and aromatic compounds. A detailed model is developed (833 reactions, mainly free-radical reactions); a good agreement with our experimental results is reached up to a conversion of 60%. According to simulation results obtained by extrapolating to lower temperature, this compound starts to undergo thermal cracking at 180°C and its time of half-life corresponds to a temperature around 200-210°C, while considering the following burial scenario of an oil reservoir: initial temperature of 160°C and a heating rate of 2°C/MY (Million Years). Other chemical systems including naphthenes, are also studied at 400°C and 100 bar. The study of 1-n-butyldecaline shows, that this bicyclic compound and n-butylcyclohexane have a similar reactivity at 400°C. The study of the binary mixture n-butylcyclohexane/n-octane at 400°C does not provide any significant evidence of a kinetic effect of n-butylcyclohexane on the thermal decomposition of n-octane, but the extrapolation of our model at geological conditions shows that naphthenes are inhibitors of the decomposition of n-alkanes at low temperature (200°C) and at high pressure (100 bar)
Corre, Erwan. "Approches moléculaires de la diversité microbienne de deux environnements extrêmes : les sources hydrothermales profondes et les réservoirs pétroliers." Brest, 2000. http://hal.upmc.fr/tel-01115381.
Full textKoumba, Jean-Pamphile. "La crise du système minier au Gabon." Rennes 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006REN20038.
Full textThe end of the 90s was marked by the decline of the mining activity in Gabon, in particular due to the abandon of the uranium extraction in Mounana (south-eastern Gabon) and to the drop of the oil production in Rabi-Kounga, the most important onshore oil-field in sub-saharian Africa. The beginning of the decline has lead to an urban crisis in Gamba and Mounana whose growth was based during four decades on the mining extraction. The extent of the mining system crisis, singulary of the oil industry, has revealed the articulation of two syndromes operating on two distinct spatial scales : the Gillette syndrome and the Dutch disease. The articulation of these two difficulties refers to the Hoyt export base theory as an urban growth model and to the shareholder State model as well
Al-Ajeeli, Ayad. "La protection pénale des ressources pétrolières : étude comparative franco-irakienne." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0075.
Full textThe criminal protection of oil resources is undoubtedly a multidisciplinary subject. This subjectconcerns the two major legal systems that are private law and public law. In the context of thismultidisciplinary approach, oil is integrated into a great many objects. As an activity of generalinterest, the oil responds to the mission of the public services, to its changes impelled by theState especially those relating to the special laws which regulate the oil resources in the criminalaspect that achieve an adequate protection for the investment of these resources. As such, theseconsiderations are closely linked to the criminal law, which plays a considerable role in theregulation of oil, and even more so in the strategy on oil security. The establishment ofstructures and infrastructure related to oil also involve criminal law. To this is added a numberof specific topics, such as the oil field, which is sufficiently endogenous to constitute a separatesubject
Donner, Nicolas. "La clé des champs : enclavement et immunité territoriale de l'exploitation pétrolière en Afrique centrale (Tchad, Guinée Équatoriale, São Tomé et Príncipe)." Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010607.
Full textThis thesis aims to conceptualize the oil production areas’ territorial status in central Africa. It first proposes to explore – behind the false evidence of an “enclave status” which is commonly accepted without being theorized – their architectural patterns: both those of the “oil enclaves” as such – which will be conceptualized as “artificial islands” by mirroring them with the vast domain of human technical constructions –, and those of the international spatial systems without which they could not exist – oil production spaces appearing as keystones of such systems. They thus highlight one of the contemporary world’s greatest tensions, which stand between the increasingly vital nature of international interdependences and territorial permeations, and the persistence and continuation – as well fundamental – of the territorial and sovereign partition of our world. Oil production – and we will inquire about the truth that hides such a paradox – concurrently appearing as a powerful factor in building international borders (which we will be discuss some current dynamics in the gulf of Guinea) and as creating various ways of unbundling territories and sovereignties, given that nor the activity nor its financial investors easily bear being at sovereign powers’ mercy. We will thus explore – through the contractual relations that intimately tie oil companies and sovereign powers, and through financing techniques such as those Exxon called up in the Chad-Cameroon project – how oil production – because it requires being consequently immunized against political and sovereigns' risks – tends to create various ways of territorial enclaving. And here is what this thesis seeks to demonstrate: that oil enclaves are territories – territories which claim to be conceptualized so as to reconcile their “extraterritorial” extent and their still crucial implant in the sovereign territory
Pacini-Petitjean, Claire. "Réactivité des hydrocarbures en réponse à une injection de CO2/O2 dans des conditions de réservoirs pétroliers déplétés : modélisations expérimentale et numérique." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0020/document.
Full textThe geological storage of CO2 (CO2 Capture-Storage – CCS) and the Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) by CO2 injection into petroleum reservoirs could limit CO2 atmospheric accumulation. However, CO2 can be associated with oxygen. To predict the hydrocarbon evolution under these conditions involves the study of oxidation mechanisms. Oxidation experiment and kinetic detailed modeling were carried out with pure compounds. The comparison between experimental and modeling results led to the construction of a hydrocarbon oxidation kinetic model and emphasized the parameters leading to auto ignition. The good agreement between our experiments and modeling are promising for the development of a tool predicting the critical temperature leading to auto-ignition and the evolution of hydrocarbon composition, to estimate the stability of a petroleum system in CO2 injection context
Marque, Étienne. "L’accès aux énergies fossiles en droit international économique." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0118.
Full textOur planet contains underground fossil deposits powering the Modern man, since nearly a century. The present study deals with the legal issue regarding the extraction and appropriation of fossil fuels. In their natural state, these resources have no legal existence and their regimes follow the one of the territories in which they lie. Therefore, in order to extract the deposits, it is first necessary to identify the rights owners of the oil regions and to take into account not only the diversity of these territories but also the diversity of the actors and interests at stake. Once the primary access rights owners identified, deposits may be discovered and developed, through specific mining contracts, adapted to all the specific features of the sector and local particularities for the optimization of the access to fossil fuels