Relevant bibliographies by topics / Glaciations du Quaternaire

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Academic literature on the topic 'Glaciations du Quaternaire'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 2 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Glaciations du Quaternaire"

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Delmas, Magali, Marc Calvet, Yanni Gunnell, Régis Braucher, and Didier Bourlès. "Les glaciations quaternaires dans les Pyrénées ariégeoises : approche historiographique, données paléogéographiques et chronologiques nouvelles." Quaternaire, no. 23/1 (March 1, 2012): 61–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/quaternaire.6091.

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Lebuis, J., and P. P. David. "La stratigraphie et les événements du Quaternaire de la partie occidentale de la Gaspésie, Québec." Dynamique et paléogéographie de l’inlandsis laurentidien 31, no. 3-4 (January 17, 2011): 275–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1000278ar.

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Une cartographie des dépôts meubles de la Gaspésie a permis d’identifier des unités lithostratigraphiques dont les noms formels sont proposés. Il existe des preuves pour deux glaciations distinctes représentées par des tills séparés par des intervalles de sédiments glacio-lacustres. La dernière glaciation a subi une inversion du sens de l’écoulement glaciaire et a permis la mise en place d’un troisième till, auquel est associé un diamicton glacio-marin déposé lors du vêlage des glaciers dans l’estuaire du Saint-Laurent. Enfin un quatrième till est dû à l’activité de calottes glaciaires confinées aux hautes terres du centre de la Gaspésie et qui ont donné naissance à des glaciers de vallée. Ces tills, en commençant par les plus vieux, ont été nommés Tamagodi, Langis, Petite-Matane et Grand-Volume. Les sédiments glacio-lacustres sous-jacents à chacun des deux premiers tills ne contiennent pas ou très peu de matière organique et n’ont pas été datés.
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Hétu, Bernard, and James T. Gray. "Le modelé glaciaire du centre de la Gaspésie septentrionale, Québec." Géographie physique et Quaternaire 39, no. 1 (November 29, 2007): 47–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/032584ar.

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RÉSUMÉLe relief du centre de la Gaspésie septentrionale a grandement été modifié au cours des événements glaciaires du Quaternaire, mais l'érosion glaciaire s'est montrée très sélective. Les éléments du paysage les plus touchés sont les vallées et, dans une moindre mesure, les escarpements séparant les plateaux. Les vallées ont été surcreusées dans leur partie aval, parfois même sous le niveau de la mer. De plus, elles ont été calibrées et élargies, ce qui s'est traduit par l'apparition de parois abruptes, d'éperons tronqués et de vallées affluentes suspendues. Par ailleurs, la majorité des vallées principales ont vu leur tête défoncée et remplacée par un col glaciaire. En ce qui concerne les escarpements aux rebords des plateaux, la retouche glaciaire est très localisée, mais considérable puisqu'elle s'est traduite par l'apparition de cirques glaciaires. Les plateaux ne portent des traces de retouche glaciaire qu'aux endroits où la glace a pu être canalisée — à la tête des cirques défoncées et des vallées qui entaillent leurs rebords. On y trouve des champs de roches moutonnées, une topographie de knock-and-lochan et des lacs de surcreusement. Le modelé glaciaire du nord de la Gaspésie renvoit à deux types de glaciation différents: des glaciations de type alpin et des glaciation de type continental. L'âge exact des formes d'érosion glaciaire n'a pu être précisé, faute de dépôts corrélatifs, mais quelques observations suggèrent qu'elles sont le produit d'une longue suite de retouches étalées sur tout le Quaternaire, le dernier stade glaiciaire du Wisconsicien n'étant responsable que de légères retouches.
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Stauch, Georg, and Frank Lehmkuhl. "Quaternary glaciations in the Verkhoyansk Mountains, Northeast Siberia." Quaternary Research 74, no. 1 (July 2010): 145–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2010.04.003.

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AbstractGeomorphological mapping revealed five terminal moraines in the central Verkhoyansk Mountains. The youngest terminal moraine (I) was formed at least 50 ka ago according to new IRSL (infrared optically stimulated luminescence) dates. Older terminal moraines in the western foreland of the mountains are much more extensive in size. Although the smallest of these older moraines, moraine II, has not been dated, moraine III is 80 to 90 ka, moraine IV is 100 to 120 ka, and the outermost moraine V was deposited around 135 ka. This glaciation history is comparable to that of the Barents and Kara ice sheet and partly to that of the Polar Ural Mountains regarding the timing of the glaciations. However, no glaciation occurred during the global last glacial maximum (MIS 2). Based on cirque orientation and different glacier extent on the eastern and western flanks of the Verkhoyansk Mountains, local glaciations are mainly controlled by moisture transport from the west across the Eurasian continent. Thus glaciations in the Verkhoyansk Mountains not only express local climate changes but also are strongly influenced by the extent of the Eurasian ice sheets.
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Fulton, R. J., E. Irving, and P. M. Wheadon. "Stratigraphy and paleomagnetism of Brunhes and Matuyama (>790 ka) Quaternary deposits at Merritt, British Columbia." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 29, no. 1 (January 1, 1992): 76–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e92-009.

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A succession of Quaternary deposits in the Merritt basin of south-central British Columbia contains evidence for four glaciations and two interglaciations. Paleomagnetic signatures in these sediments are of three types: normal polarity, proposed to have been acquired during the Brunhes Normal Polarity Chron; reversed polarity, proposed to have been acquired during the Matuyama Reversed Polarity Chron; and reversed polarity (Matuyama age) all but obscured by a normally magnetized overprint (Brunhes age).Reversely magnetized deposits at the base of the succession include glacial lacustrine deposits, interpreted as representing two different glaciations, and a paleosol and a succession of nonglacial sediments, which are evidence of two interglaciations. As the reversed polarity of these deposits is proposed to have been acquired during the Matuyama Reversed Polarity Chron, they are older than 790 ka.Normally magnetized deposits, which make up the rest of the succession, contain evidence for only two glaciations, but traces of other glaciations may have been removed during the erosion interval encompassed by a major unconformity that underlies deposits of the last glaciation. All are referred to the Brunhes Normal Polarity Zone. In addition to these glacial and interglacial deposits, a series of normally magnetized Quaternary basalt flows forms a bench 90 m above the floor of the basin. These basalts were extruded after 790 ka but before the penultimate glaciation.
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Ramadhin, Christine, and Chuixiang Yi. "ESD Ideas: Why are glaciations slower than deglaciations?" Earth System Dynamics 11, no. 1 (January 17, 2020): 13–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esd-11-13-2020.

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Abstract. The Earth's climate during the Quaternary is dominated by short warm interglacials and longer cold glaciations paced by external forcings such as changes in insolation. Although not observed in the solar radiation changes, the time series of the cycles display asymmetry since transitions to full glacial conditions are slower than the termination of glaciations. Here an idea is proposed for the slower transition by identifying and describing two negative sea ice feedbacks dominant during the glaciation process that could serve as a control on the intermediate stage and decrease the pace of the process.
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Dortch, Jason M., Lewis A. Owen, and Marc W. Caffee. "Quaternary glaciation in the Nubra and Shyok valley confluence, northernmost Ladakh, India." Quaternary Research 74, no. 1 (July 2010): 132–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2010.04.013.

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AbstractThree glacial stages (Deshkit 1, Deshkit 2 and Dishkit 3 glacial stages) are identified in the Nubra and Shyok valleys in northernmost Ladakh, northwest India, on the basis of geomorphic field mapping, remote sensing, and 10Be terrestrial cosmogenic nuclide surface exposure dating. The glacial stages date to ∼ 45 ka (Deshkit 1 glacial stage), ∼ 81 ka (Deshkit 2 glacial stage) and ∼ 144 ka (Deshkit 3 glacial stage). A mean equilibrium line altitude depression of ∼ 290 m for the Deshkit 1 glacial stage was calculated using the area accumulation ratio, toe-to-headwall ratio, area–altitude, and area–altitude balance ratio methods. Comparison of glaciation in the Nubra and Shyok valleys with glaciations in the adjacent Central Karakoram of northern Pakistan and northern side of the Ladakh Range of northern India indicates that glaciation was synchronous on Milankovitch timescales across the region during MIS-6, but differed greatly in extent, with more extensive glaciation in the Karakoram than the morphostratigraphically equivalent glaciation on the northern slopes of the Ladakh Range. This highlights the strong contrast in the extent of glaciation across ranges in the Himalaya–Tibetan orogen, necessitating caution when correlating glacial successions within and between mountain ranges.
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Barendregt, R. W., J. S. Vincent, E. Irving, and J. Baker. "Magnetostratigraphy of Quaternary and late Tertiary sediments on Banks Island, Canadian Arctic Archipelago." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 35, no. 2 (February 1, 1998): 147–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e97-094.

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Sediments approximately 50 m thick from Banks Island (Canadian Arctic Archipelago) contain one of the longest terrestrial records of Pleistocene climate changes in North America. Samples have been obtained from 126 horizons distributed among four localitites, of which 116 horizons yielded acceptable paleomagnetic data. In sediments of the Matuyama Reversed Zone, there are recorded at least two and possibly as many as five full continental glaciations, two interglacial intervals, and a nonglacial interval at the beginning which is considered preglacial. Subzones attributable to the Olduvai and Jaramillo are present within the Matuyama Reversed Zone. The Brunhes Normal Zone records three full continental glaciations and three interglaciations. The Brunhes-Matuyama boundary occurs within interglacial deposits. The preglacial Worth Point Formation records a climate milder than today, and cooler than that of the late Tertiary. Based on floral, faunal, stratigraphic, and paleomagnetic constraints, a normal polarity sequence in the Worth Point Formation is assigned to the Olduvai normal polarity subzone (1.95-1.77 Ma). The earliest direct evidence of glaciation on Banks Island occurs in sediments that postdate the Worth Point Formation ( <<1.77 Ma). Consequently, in the western Canadian Arctic, the first continental glaciation postdated the first glaciation in the Canadian Cordillera (2.6 Ma) by at least a million years. The overall mean direction of the Quaternary geomagnetic field in Banks Island does not differ significantly from the geocentric axial dipole field, and these sediments contain no inclination error.
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Locke, William W. "The late Quaternary geomorphic and paleoclimatic history of the Cape Dyer area, easternmost Baffin Island, N.W.T." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 24, no. 6 (June 1, 1987): 1185–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e87-114.

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The Cape Dyer area of easternmost Baffin Island was isolated from the Laurentide Ice Sheet by the fiords of Cumberland Peninsula. Accordingly, the glacial chronology at Cape Dyer is that of local ice only and is indicative of the local climate throughout the late Quaternary. Six drift units, representing three periods of restricted glaciation and three of expanded glaciation, are present. Beyond the most distal drift is an area that has not been modified by glaciation.The expanded glaciations were dated through correlation on the bases of moraine morphology, soil development, and amino-acid racemization in marine mollusc shells incorporated in the drifts. No maximum age can be assigned to the earliest glaciation in the Cape Dyer area, but the last major glacial advance occurred about 70 000 years BP. The presence of extensive glaciofluvial features, faunal indicators of warm ocean water, and rapid soil development indicate that major glaciations of the Cape Dyer area accompanied winters warmer than at present but summers sufficiently cool to allow ice advance.The restricted ice advances were dated through correlation on the bases of moraine morphology, soil development, and lichen cover to the period between 9000 years BP and the present. They indicate ice extent similar to or less than at present throughout the past 60 000 years, in response to climatic conditions that were colder and dryer than the present until 9000 years BP, then slightly warmer than the present.Correlation with indicators of hemispheric and global climate indicates both in-phase and out-of-phase relationships. Glaciations at Cape Dyer are in phase with periods of high accumulation on Arctic ice caps, ice rafting of sediment in the Labrador Sea, and computed summer-insolation minima – winter-insolation maxima at 65°N latitude. This is as would be expected given the climatic interpretations of the drifts. Glaciation of the Cape Dyer area is out of phase with global ice volume as indicated by oxygen isotopes, suggesting the Antarctic dry valleys as a modem climatic analog for the Pleistocene eastern Canadian Arctic. The record of ice extent, climatic interpretations, and proposed model for climatic change are in agreement with most previously published reconstructions.
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DOTSENKO, Valeriy, and Ibragim KERIMOV. "ABOUT THE REASONS OF CLIMATE WARMING BASED ON STUDYING THE HISTORY OF QUATERNARY GLACIOSES OF THE CAUCASUS (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE INTERDURCHIE TEREK AND THE ANDIAN KOISU)." Sustainable Development of Mountain Territories 12, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 461–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.21177/1998-4502-2020-12-3-461-471.

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The Greater Caucasus experienced repeated glaciation during the Quaternary (early, middle, upper Pleistocene, late Glacial, and late Holocene), which occurred under changing climatic conditions and differentiated tectonic movements. These glaciations, of course, are associated with changes in terrain, the formation of new deposits, transgressions and regressions of the Caspian Sea, changes in vegetation and soil types, so the problem of glaciation affects all earth Sciences to varying degrees. The study of Quaternary glaciation, especially Holocene glaciation, is currently relevant for understanding climate change. Against the background of significant climate fluctuations within the epochs of glaciation, there are smaller cooling phases that cause the temporary onset of glaciers. Short-term climate fluctuations are manifested in oscillations – minor fluctuations in the languages of glaciers. All this indicates that the climate undergoes significant changes in a short time, which are reflected in the morphosculpture of the terrain, the latest deposits and modern precipitation. Glaciation of the Greater Caucasus in the Prikazbeksky region reached its maximum in the middle Pleistocene,when glaciers went far into the Ossetian basin. All these traces have been preserved due to the lower capacity of the Chanty-Argun glacier and its fluvioglacial flow, which developed during the late Pleistocene epoch. Volcanic activity, especially active in the late Pliocene and continuing up to the present time, is associated with the late horn stage of development of the Caucasus. The formation of the Rukhs-Dzuar molass formation more than 2 km thick in the late Pleistocene in the Ossetian basin of the Tersky-Caspian flexure is associated with the activity of volcanoes in the Kazbek volcanic region. In the early Pleistocene, volcanic activity on the BC decreased significantly. The most intense outbreak of volcanism in the Kazbek and Elbrus volcanic regions occurred at the beginning of the late Pleistocene, which roughly coincided with the maximum phase of the late Pleistocene (Bezengian) glaciation. Then, in the second half of the late Pleistocene, volcanic activity was manifested on the mount Kazbek. The last outbreak of volcanic activity occurred in the Holocene no more than 2-3 thousand years ago. Fresh lavas are available on Elbrus, Kazbek, in the Terek valley near villages. Sioni and on the Kel volcanic plateau. Fumarolic activity still continues on Elbrus. Thus, in the Kazbek region, eruptions occurred from the late Pliocene to the late Holocene inclusive. Keywords: Pleistocene, Holocene, glaciation stages, nival-glacial processes, causes of glaciations, climate change, anthropogenic factors, natural factors, Earth degassing, magmatogenic degassing branch, seismotectonic degassing branch, greenhouse gases, newest geodynamics, volcanism, mud regimes, volcanism, methane hydrates, land degradation, water reclamation.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Glaciations du Quaternaire"

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Delmas, Magali. "Chronologie et impact géomorphologique des glaciations quaternaires dans l'est des Pyrénées." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00519194.

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L'objectif de cette étude est d'évaluer la part de l'empreinte glaciaire dans les paysages de la haute montagne aux latitudes moyennes. Peut-on transposer au Quaternaire la très grande efficacité de l'érosion glaciaire mesurée actuellement dans certaines montagnes et faire de cet agent le principal acteur de la morphogenèse ? Doit-on au contraire constater une forte résilience des paléoformes tertiaires et donc la faiblesse relative de l'érosion glaciaire ? Le domaine est-pyrénéen offre un terrain privilégié en raison du fort contraste nord-sud qui caractérise l'emprise spatiale et l'impact géomorphologique des paléoenglacements quaternaires. Deux axes de recherche complémentaires structurent ce travail. Le premier concerne la chronologie et la paléogéographie des glaciations quaternaires. Une cartographie géomorphologique détaillée permet de reconstituer les paléoemprises glaciaires. La production et l'exploitation de 81 datations 10Be fournissent une nouvelle vision du cycle würmien et contribuent au débat sur le caractère synchrone ou asynchrone des paléoenglacements de montagne, donc de la réponse continentale aux changements globaux. Sur ces bases chronologiques et cartographiques, le deuxième axe de ce travail vise à mesurer la variabilité spatio-temporelle de l'empreinte géomorphologique des glaciations. Il est possible (i) d'apprécier, pour le cycle würmien, la tranche érodée globale (~ 5 m) et la variabilité temporelle de l'érosion glaciaire grâce à la quantification du volume sédimentaire mobilisé sur le Sud Carlit, (ii) de mesurer et tenter d'expliquer la variabilité spatiale de l'empreinte glaciaire quaternaire à travers une analyse morphométrique de l'ensemble des cirques du domaine d'étude.
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Delmas, Magali Danielle. "Chronologie et impact géomorphologique des glaciations quaternaires dans l'est des Pyrénées." Paris 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA010644.

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L'objectif de cette étude est d'évaluer la part de I'empreinte glaciaire dans les paysages de la haute montagne aux latitudes moyennes. Le domaine est-pyréneen offre un terrain privilégié en raison du fort contraste qui caractérise I'emprise spatiale et I'impact géomorphologique des paléoenglacements quaternaires. Deux axes de recherche complémentaires structurent ce travail. Le premier concerne la chronologie et la paléogéographie des glaciations quaternaires. La production de 81 datations lOBe fournissent une nouvelle vision du cycle würmien et contribuent au débat sur le caractère synchrone ou asynchrone des paléoenglacements de montagne, donc de la réponse continentale aux changements globaux. Sur ces bases chronologiques et cartographiques, Ie deuxième axe de ce travail vise à mesurer la variabilité spatio-temporelle de I'empreinte géomorphologique des glaciations. II est possible (i) d'apprécier la variabilité temporelle de I'érosion glaciaire grâce à la quantification du volume sédimentaire mobilisé sur Ie Sud Carlit, (ii) de mesurer la variabilité spatiale de I'érosion quaternaire à travers une analyse morphométrique des cirques.
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Ducassou, Emmanuelle. "Évolution du système turbiditique profond du Nil au cours du Quaternaire récent." Bordeaux 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR13263.

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Ce travail, basé sur l’analyse et l’interprétation de prélèvements (carottes kullenberg et calypso) calibrées avec des données acoustiques (sismique 3,5 kHz et multifaisceaux), propose une reconstruction du fonctionnement sédimentaire récent (derniers 250 ka) du système turbiditique profond du Nil (STPN). Pour cela, une étude stratigraphique détaillée et basée sur plusieurs outils a été nécessaire pour dater des séries sédimentaires riches en événements gravitaires et s’étendant sur plusieurs cycles glaciaire/interglaciaire. C’est l’établissement d’une écostratigraphie basée sur les assemblages de foraminifères planctoniques et calibrée avec des outils isotopiques et téphrochronologiques qui a permis d’atteindre une résolution d’étude proche de 2000 ans. Les résultats obtenus montrent que contrairement à la majorité des grands STP argilo-silteux modernes, alimentés par une source ponctuelle, le domaine profond de la marge nilotique comprend plusieurs éventails dont certains ont été alimentés en même temps. L’analyse détaillée des faciès et séquences sédimentaires a permis de mettre en évidence un fonctionnement sédimentaire lié aux conditions environnementales affectant le bassin versant du fleuve Nil et son delta. Ainsi, dans le STPN, le forçage climatique nuance le forçage glacio-eustatique classique et à l’origine des modèles stratigraphiques actuels. Les contrastes climatiques de l’Afrique nord orientale permettent notamment l’alimentation d’éventails turbiditiques pendant des périodes de haut niveau marin. Les crues majeures du Nil sont également à l’origine de processus de transport et de dépôt jusque-là peu documentés.
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Smyčka, Jan. "Origine évolutive et diversification de la flore des montagnes européennes." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. https://thares.univ-grenoble-alpes.fr/2019GREAV031.pdf.

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Les biotas de montagne à travers le monde sont riches en espèces, mais aussi en espèces endémiques, ce qui suggère que des processus spécifiques de diversification et de survie ont été impliqués dans leur formation. Dans ma thèse, je me concentre sur la dynamique et les moteurs de la diversification végétale dans les montagnes européennes - un système montagneux qui n'est pas l'un des points chauds de la diversité les plus riches du monde, mais qui est remarquablement riche dans le contexte régional, surtout étant donné son histoire glaciaire récente. On a beaucoup écrit sur la diversification et la survie glaciaire de lignées spécifiques dans le système montagneux européen, mais jusqu'à présent, il était difficile de résumer ces résultats dans un tableau général. Ici, je profite des progrès récents de la biologie moléculaire et computationnelle, ce qui me permet d'aborder les questions évolutives dans une plus large mesure qu'auparavant, sans compromettre gravement la résolution de l'étude. Ma thèse comprend trois chapitres :Dans le premier chapitre, j'explore les relations entre les modèles d'endémisme, la diversité évolutive, la topographie des montagnes et l'histoire de la glaciation dans les Alpes. Je montre ici qu'il existe deux types différents de points chauds endémiques avec des histoires évolutives radicalement différentes - les uns dans des refuges périphériques calcaires conservant des espèces étroitement réparties et evolutivement isolées, et les autres en altitude, habités par des groupements phylogénétiques d'espèces qui sont souvent endémiques pour les Alpes, mais relativement répandues dans l'Arc Alpin.Dans le deuxième chapitre, je me focalise sur six lignées qui se sont rapidement diversifiées dans le système montagneux européen pour explorer de manière comparative leur diversification. La dynamique de diversification des six lignées a été relativement peu touchée par l'apparition du Quaternaire, probablement parce que la dynamique climatique a été tamponnée par les migrations en altitude vers les zones de moyenne altitude. En raison de leur faible affinité aux étages altitudinales, la majorité des six lignées se sont diversifiées de façon allopatrique ou sur différents types de substratum rocheux, plutôt que de façon parapatrique sur un gradient altitudinal. Une exception à ce modèle général est Androsace sect. Aretia, qui héberge de multiples lignées de spécialistes de haute altitude.Dans le troisième chapitre, je me concentre sur la structure génétique des populations et la survie glaciaire de l’espèce de haute altitude Androsace argentea. Je montre ici que la structure génétique des populations de l'espèce est déterminée par des dispersions sur de longues distances suivies d'un flux génétique local relativement faible, peut-être en raison de l'inefficacité des pollinisateurs. Les populations des Alpes intérieures ont des antécédents de survie variables, allant de la survie in-situ à une recolonisation, probablement post-glaciaire, des Pyrénées.En conclusion, mes résultats suggèrent que les dynamiques de diversification de la flore de montagne européenne ont étés étonnamment peu influencées par l'histoire glaciaire. Cela est probablement dû au fait qu'une grande partie de la flore de montagne européenne survécut dans des refuges périphériques situés dans des zones de moyenne ou basse altitude, et a peu d'affinité pour les habitats de haute altitude gravement touchés par la glaciation. Contrairement à cette tendance générale, il existe un nombre restreint de véritables spécialistes de la haute altitude qui ont probablement survécu in-situ dans les zones de haute altitude. Le principal mode de spéciation dans le système montagneux européen fût l'allopatrie et nos résultats de A. argentea suggèrent qu'au moins chez les spécialistes de la haute altitude, elle pourrait avoir été stimulée par la combinaison de dispersions fréquentes sur de longues distances associées à un faible flux génétique local
Mountain biotas across the world are rich in species and also in endemics, suggesting that specific processes of diversification and survival were involved in their formation. In my thesis I focus on dynamics and drivers of plant diversification in the European mountains - a mountain system that is not among the worlds richest diversity hotspots, but is strikingly rich in the regional context, especially given its recent glaciation history. A lot has been written about diversification and glacial survival of specific lineages in the European mountain system, but so far it has been difficult to summarize these findings into a general picture. Here I benefit from recent advances in molecular and computational biology, allowing me to tackle evolutionary questions at a broader extent than previously possible, without severely compromising the resolution of the study. My thesis consists of three chapters:In the first chapter I explore relationships between patterns of endemism, evolutionary diversity, mountain topography and glaciation history in the Alps. I show here that there are two different types of endemic hotspots with dramatically different evolutionary histories – one in calcareous peripheral refugia conserving narrowly distributed and evolutionary isolated species, and another one in high elevations inhabited by phylogenetically clustered assemblages of species that are often endemic for the Alps, but relatively widespread within the Alpine arc.In the second chapter I focus on six lineages that quickly diversified in the European mountain system to explore their diversification in a comparative way. The diversification dynamics across the six lineages were relatively little impacted by the onset of Quaternary, likely because climatic oscillations were buffered by elevational migrations to mid elevation areas. Due to little affinity to elevational belts, the majority of the six lineages diversified allopatrically or across bedrock types, rather than parapatrically across elevational zones. A notable exception to this general pattern is Androsace sect. Aretia, which hosts multiple lineages of strict high elevation specialists.In the third chapter I focus on population structure and glacial survival of the high elevation species Androsace argentea. I show here that the population genetic structure of this species is driven by long distance dispersals followed by relatively little local gene flow, perhaps due to inefficiency of pollination. The populations in the internal Alps have variable origin and survival histories, ranging from long term in-situ survival to possibly post-glacial recolonization from Pyrenees.In conclusion, my results suggest that the diversification dynamics of the European mountain flora was surprisingly little impacted by the glaciation history. This is likely because a large portion of European mountain flora was surviving in peripheral refugia in mid- or low elevation areas, and has little affinity to the high elevation habitats severely impacted by glaciation. In contrast to this general pattern, there is a narrow set of true high elevation specialists that likely survived in-situ in high elevation areas. The major mode of speciation in the European mountain system was allopatry and our results from A. argentea suggest that at least in high elevation specialists it might have been stimulated by combination of frequent long distance dispersals coupled with little local gene flow
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Pawley, Steven Michael. "Quaternary Glaciations of North and West Norfolk." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.430784.

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Benabdellouahed, Massinissa. "La Seine fluviatile plio-quaternaire en baie de Seine : évolution morphologique et sédimentaire (rôle du substratum géologique et des cycles climato-eustatiques)." Phd thesis, Université de Caen, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00660489.

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La baie de Seine forme aujourd'hui une vaste dépression marine d'environ 5 000 km 2 , située entre la Manche centrale au Nord, le Cotentin à l'Ouest et le Bassin parisien au Sud et à l'Est. Les nouvelles données sismiques THR (2007-2009) couplées aux données de dragages (2009) acquises en baie de Seine pour la thèse, ont permis de réviser la carte géologique du substratum de la Baie de Seine, d'établir les liens entre ce substratum et la Seine périglaciaire plio-quaternaire et de proposer pour cette dernière un nouveau modèle de dépôt et d'évolution. Le substratum géologique de la baie de Seine présente des formations stratigraphiques et des structures géologiques variées, similaires à celles décrites dans le bassin versant de la baie de Seine. Ce substratum consiste en une structure monoclinale dans l'ensemble de la baie et une structure synclinale au Nord de la baie, toutes deux affectées par des failles. Plusieurs faits nouveaux ont pu être mis en évidence au cours de l'étude du substratum, notamment la reconnaissance de surfaces stratigraphiques majeures connues à terre mais non identifiées jusqu'à présent en baie de Seine, l'existence dans la zone du synclinal de glissements gravitaires tertiaires. Un réseau de paléovallées submergé plio-quaternaire est incisé dans le substratum. Les cycles " glaciaire-interglaciaire " plio-quaternaires et la nature du substratum (lithologie, cuesta, pente, failles, déformations) jouent un rôle majeur dans l'évolution du système fluviatile de la paléoSeine. Cette évolution a été étudiée au travers de la description des terrasses étagées et des nappes emboîtées identifiées en sismique. La paléoSeine montre ainsi l'étagement de trois terrasses alluviales (la Seine ancienne du début du Pléistocène moyen ; la Seine saalienne ; la Seine weichsélienne). Cette reconnaissance des terrasses pléistocènes de la paléoSeine permet de distinguer au moins un épisode important de surrection. Cette surrection, datée du Pléistocène moyen au début du Weichsélien, est estimée à environ 0,07 à 0,1 mm/an, et s'inscrit dans le prolongement du soulèvement connu en Europe du Nord depuis le Néogène avec des mouvements compressifs liés à la convergence Afrique-Eurasie.
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Rae, Alaric Campbell. "Late Quaternary glaciation in Southwest Ireland." Thesis, Coventry University, 2004. http://curve.coventry.ac.uk/open/items/03055be6-aad0-4313-d72e-1dac2156f221/1.

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During the last main phase of glaciations (26-13kaBP) an ice cap developed in south west Ireland and ice, from a dispersal centre in the vicinity of Kenmare, flowed north and diverged on the southern slopes of the Macgillycuddy’s Reeks. On these slopes, a weathering limit separates ice-moulded bedrock, on low ground, from frost-weathered terrain above. Assessment of bedrock dilation joint characteristics, Schmidt hammer R-value data, clay-sized mineral contents and magnetic properties of basal soil samples confirms significant contrasts in the degree of weathering above and below this limit. The weathering limit declines in altitude along former ice flow-lines and is confluent with morainic deposits on the eastern side of the Gap of Dunloe and on the western slopes of Skregbeg. This evidence supports the assertion that the high-level weathering limit is a periglacial trimline that marks the former maximum upper limit of the body of ice, which occupied this area of southwest Ireland during the LGM. This evidence, however, does not confute the notion that cold based, non-erosive plateau ice may have covered some or all of the upland surfaces that occur above the recorded weathering limits. Reconstruction of the former ice surface profile from periglacial trimline limits along three former flow lines yielded mean estimates for basal shear stress that ranged from 104.2 to 125.9 kPa. Although these values are high, they are within the range deemed normal for glaciers and ice sheets. The values suggest that the reconstructed areas of the ice cap were warm based and flowing on a bedrock substrate. This is supported by the geomorphological evidence of these areas, which shows that a landform – sediment association has developed consisting of zones of glacial scour and a thin, discontinuous drift cover. This contrasts with the glacial geomorphology of northern parts of the study area, where drift cover is largely continuous, and extensive in valley bottoms and on surrounding hillsides, and is associated with large lateral moraines.
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Hein, Andrew S. "Quaternary glaciations in the Lago Pueyrredón Valley, Argentina." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/3858.

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This thesis develops a better knowledge of the extent and timing of glaciations in southern Argentina throughout the Quaternary. It provides a detailed understanding of successive major glacial outlet lobes in the Lago Pueyrredón valley. The glacial and glaciofluvial deposits in the valley, as elsewhere in the region, are extremely well-preserved and reflect punctuated glacial advances between ~ 1.1 Ma and ~ 17 ka. Several intermediate glaciations are undated, constrained by the limited time frame of radiocarbon age dating, the limited potential volcanic sites for K-Ar or 40Ar/39Ar age dating, and erosion and exhumation problems associated with cosmogenic-nuclide surface exposure ages on moraines. This thesis provides a new chronology for the mid-Quaternary glaciations based on methodological advances in cosmogenic-nuclide surface exposure age dating. This is done by deriving ages from glacial outwash terrace sediment and demonstrating their reliability. The work shows that for younger (i.e., last glacial) moraines, well-constrained ages can be derived from the common-practice of dating large boulders on the moraine surface. However, on older moraines, the ages so-derived become considerably scattered. This is interpreted to be caused primarily by boulder exhumation as a consequence of moraine erosion, resulting in shorter residence of some boulders at the surface relative to the moraine formation date. By contrast, glacial outwash surfaces in this area, if carefully chosen, can be shown to have undergone little aggradation or erosion, and thus have had long and consistent surface exposure since formation. Provided these surfaces can be stratigraphically linked with the glacial limits, they can provide good surface exposure ages. This has been convincingly confirmed in one location by a sequence of ages obtained from a 10Be concentration depth-profile which demonstrate the surface stability and lack of inherited nuclides. Using these methods, cosmogenic 10Be and 26Al surface exposure ages indicate successive major advances occurred at ~ 1.2 Ma, ~ 600 ka, ~ 260 ka and ~27 – 17.5 ka. These are correlated with global marine and ice core records.
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Demory, François. "Paleomagnetic dating of climatic events in Late Quaternary sediments of Lake Baikal (Siberia)." Phd thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2004. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2005/181/.

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Der Baikalsee ist ein ideales Klimaarchiv für die Mitte Eurasiens. In dieser Arbeit wurde gesteinsmagnetische und paleomagnetische Analysen an hemipelagischen Sequenzen von vier Lokationen analysiert. Die Kerne erreichen ein Alter von maximal 300 ky. In Kombination mit TEM, XRD, XRF und geochemischen Analysen zeigt die gesteinsmagnetische Studie, dass detritischer Magnetit das magnetische Signal der glazialen Sedimente dominiert. Die magnetischen Signale der interglazialen Sedimente wurden durch diagenetische Prozesse verändert. Mittels HIRM können Hämatit und Goethit quantifiziert werden. Diese Methode eignet sich, den detritischen Eintrag in den Baikalsee abzuschätzen. Relative Paleointensitäten des Erdmagnetfeldes ergaben reproduizerbare Muster, welche in Korrelation mit gutdatierten Referenzproben die Ableitung eines alternativen Altersmodells für die Datierung der Baikalsedimente ermöglichten. Bei Anwendung des paleomagnetischen Altersmodells beobachtet man, dass die Abkühlung im Baikalgebiet und im Oberflächenwasser des Nordatlantiks wie sie aus den δ18 O-Werten planktonischer Foraminiferen abgeleitet werden kann, zeitgleich ist. Wird das aus benthischen δ18 O-Werten abgeleitete Altermdodell auf den Baikalsee angewandt, ergibt sich eine deutliche Zeitverschiebung. Das benthische Altersmodell repräsentiert die globale Veränderung des Eisvolumens, welche später als die Vänderung der Oberflächenwassertemperatur auftritt. Die Kompilation paleomagnetischer Kurven ergab eine neue relative Paleointensitätskurve “Baikal 200”. Mittels Korngrössenanalyse des Detritus konnten drei Faziestypen mit unterschiedlicher Sedimentationsdynamik unterschieden werden: 1) Glaziale Peroiden werden durch hohe Tongehalte infolge von Windeintrag und durch grobe Sandfraktion mittels Transport durch lokale Winde über das Eis charakterisiert. Dieser Faziestyp deutet auf arides Klima. 2) Während der Glazial/Interglazial-Übergänge steigt die Siltfraktion an. Dies deutet auf erhöhte Feuchtigkeit und damit verbunden erhöhte Sedimentdynamik. Windtransport und in den Schnee der Eisdecke eingetragener Staub sind die vorherrschenden Prozesse, welche den Silt in hemipelagischer Position zur Ablagerung bringen. 3) Während des klimatischen Optimum des Eeemian werden Grösse und Quantität des Silts minimal, was auf eine geschlossene Vegetationsdecke im Hinterland deutet.
Lake Baikal provides an excellent climatic archive for Central Eurasia as global climatic variations are continuously depicted in its sediments. We performed continuous rock magnetic and paleomagnetic analyses on hemipelagic sequences retrieved from 4 underwater highs reaching back 300 ka. The rock magnetic study combined with TEM, XRD, XRF and geochemical analyses evidenced that a magnetite of detrital origin dominates the magnetic signal in glacial sediments whereas interglacial sediments are affected by early diagenesis. HIRM roughly quantifies the hematite and goethite contributions and remains the best proxy for estimating the detrital input in Lake Baikal. Relative paleointensity records of the earth′s magnetic field show a reproducible pattern, which allows for correlation with well-dated reference curves and thus provides an alternative age model for Lake Baikal sediments. Using the paleomagnetic age model we observed that cooling in the Lake Baikal region and cooling of the sea surface water in the North Atlantic, as recorded in planktonic foraminifera δ18 O, are coeval. On the other hand, benthic δ18 O curves record mainly the global ice volume change, which occurs later than the sea surface temperature change. This proves that a dating bias results from an age model based on the correlation of Lake Baikal sedimentary records with benthic δ18 O curves. The compilation of paleomagnetic curves provides a new relative paleointensity curve, “Baikal 200”. With a laser-assisted grain size analysis of the detrital input, three facies types, reflecting different sedimentary dynamics can be distinguished. (1) Glacial periods are characterised by a high clay content mostly due to wind activity and by occurrence of a coarse fraction (sand) transported over the ice by local winds. This fraction gives evidence for aridity in the hinterland. (2) At glacial/interglacial transitions, the quantity of silt increases as the moisture increases, reflecting increased sedimentary dynamics. Wind transport and snow trapping are the dominant process bringing silt to a hemipelagic site (3) During the climatic optimum of the Eemian, the silt size and quantity are minimal due to blanketing of the detrital sources by the vegetal cover.
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Hughes, Philip David. "Quaternary glaciation in the Pindus Mountains, Northwest Greece." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2004. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/273442.

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Geomorphological and geological evidence for former Quaternary glaciation has been mapped n the Pindus Mountains of Northwest Greece. the dynamics and chronology of glaciation in this area has been established through sedimentological analysis, soil analysis and Uranium-series dating. Four glacial events are recorded in the sedimentological and geomorphological records. The more extensive recorded glaciation pre-dates 350,000 years BP and was characterised by extensive valley glaciers and ice-fields. A second glaciation occurred prior to the last interglacial, before ca. 127,000 years BP, and was characterised by glaciers that reached mid-valley positions. the height of the last glacial stage in Greece (30-20,000 14C years BP) is recorded by small cirque glacier moraines and relict periglacial rock glaciers. evidence for a fourth glacial phase is recorded only in the highest cirques of Mount Smolikas (2637 m a.s.l.), the highest peak in the Pindus Mountains. This phase of glaciation is likely to have occurred during the Late-glacial Substage (14-10,000 14C years BP). All of the glaciers during the different glacial stages were reconstructed and used alongside periglacial rock glaciers to determine palaeoclimate. During the glacial maximum of the last glacial stage mean annual temperatures were ca. 8-9°C lower than at present, and mean annual precipitation greater than 2000 mm - similar to modern values. Earlier glacial maxima are likely to have been colder but with mean annual precipitation still greater than 2000 mm. Maximum glacier extent in the Pindus Mountains is likely to have preceded the most severe arid phase of glacial cycles indicated in the pollen record and also global glacial maxima. this was because of the small size of the former Pindus glaciers and their rapid response to climate change, as well as the increased prevalence of aridity around the global glacial maxima. The glacial sequence in the Pindus Mountains represents the longest and best-dated recognised record of glaciation in the Mediterranean region and provides a stratigraphical framework for Quaternary cold-stage climates in Greece.
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Books on the topic "Glaciations du Quaternaire"

1

Quaternary glaciations - extent and chronology: A closer look. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2011.

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Weidick, Anker. Quaternary glaciation history and glaciology of Jakobshavn Isbrae and the Disko Bugt region, West Greenland: A review. Copenhagen, Denmark: Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, 2007.

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1948-, Ehlers Jürgen, and Gibbard Philip L. 1949-, eds. Quaternary glaciations: Extent and chronology. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2004.

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Quaternary glaciations in the southern hemisphere. Oxford: Pergamon, 1990.

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Memoirs on Quaternary glaciation in China. Beijing, China: Geological Pub. House, 1991.

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-. Quaternary Glaciation in the Mediterranean Mountains. Geological Society, 2017.

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Quaternary Glaciations - Extent and Chronology - A Closer Look. Elsevier, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/c2009-0-20217-0.

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Gibbard, P. L., and J. Ehlers. Quaternary Glaciations - Extent and Chronology, Volume 2: Part I: Europe (Developments in Quaternary Sciences). Elsevier Science, 2004.

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Gibbard, P. L., and J. Ehlers. Quaternary Glaciations - Extent and Chronology, Volume 2: Part II: North America (Developments in Quaternary Sciences). Elsevier Science, 2004.

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Quaternary Glaciations Extent and Chronology - Part III: South America, Asia, Africa, Australasia, Antarctica. Elsevier, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1571-0866(04)x8106-9.

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Book chapters on the topic "Glaciations du Quaternaire"

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Ehlers, Jürgen, and Philip Gibbard. "Quaternary Glaciation." In Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series, 873–82. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2642-2_423.

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Zhou, Shangzhe, Jijun Li, Jingdong Zhao, Jie Wang, and Jingxiong Zheng. "Quaternary Glaciations." In Developments in Quaternary Sciences, 981–1002. Elsevier, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-53447-7.00070-2.

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Seltzer, Geoffrey O. "Late Quaternary Glaciation of the Tropical Andes." In The Physical Geography of South America. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195313413.003.0011.

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The effects of climate change are intrinsic features of Earth’s landscapes, and South America is no exception. Abundant evidence bears witness to the changes that have shaped the continent over time—from the glacial tillites inherited from late Paleozoic Gondwana to recent terrigenous sediments and life forms trapped in alluvial, lacustrine, and nearby marine deposits. Preeminent among this evidence are the landforms and sediments derived from the late Cenozoic glaciations of the Andes, which have been the focus of so much recent and ongoing research. Because South America has long been a mainly tropical and subtropical continent, most of it escaped the direct effects of these glaciations. Nevertheless, portions of the continent extend sufficiently far poleward and rise high enough to attract snowfall and promote glaciers today. Glaciers were more emphatically present during Pliocene and Pleistocene cold stages, and it is their legacies that provide information about the changing environments of those times, and more especially of the past 30,000 years. There is evidence for glaciation in the tropical and extratropical Andes as early as Pliocene time (Clapperton, 1993). In southern South America, along the eastern side of the Patagonian Andes, Mercer (1976) dated a series of basalts interbedded with glacial tills that suggest multiple glacial advances after ~3.6 Ma (million years before present). In the La Paz Valley, Bolivia, volcanic ashes dated by K/Ar (potassium/argon) methods are interbedded with glacial tills indicative of at least two phases of glaciation in the late Pliocene, at 3.27 and 2.20 Ma (Clapperton, 1979, 1993). This evidence for early glaciation in disparate parts of the Andes indicates that portions of the cordillera were high enough and climatic variations were great enough in the Pliocene for glaciers to form long before the cold episodes of the Pleistocene. Glacial deposits in Ecuador, Perú, and Bolivia provide evidence for climate variability in tropical South America in the recent geological past. In the late Pleistocene, glacier equilibrium-line altitudes were as much as 1,200 m lower than they are today on the eastern slopes of the Andes, indicative of a significant depression in mean annual temperature in the tropics at maximum glaciation (e.g., Klein et al., 1999).
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Ehlers, J., V. Astakhov, P. L. Gibbard, Ó. Ingólfsson, J. Mangerud, and J. I. Svendsen. "GLACIATIONS | Early Quaternary." In Encyclopedia of Quaternary Science, 1031–36. Elsevier, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b0-44-452747-8/00123-x.

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Assine, Mario Luis, and Lucas Verissimo Warren. "Pre-Quaternary Glaciations." In Encyclopedia of Geology, 475–85. Elsevier, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-409548-9.12497-2.

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Ehlers, J., V. Astakhov, P. L. Gibbard, J. Mangerud, and J. I. Svendsen. "GLACIATIONS | Late Pleistocene Glaciations in Europe." In Encyclopedia of Quaternary Science, 1085–95. Elsevier, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b0-44-452747-8/00127-7.

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Ehlers, J., and P. L. Gibbard. "GLACIATIONS | Overview." In Encyclopedia of Quaternary Science, 143–50. Elsevier, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-53643-3.00128-x.

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Ehlers, J., and P. L. Gibbard. "GLACIATIONS | Overview." In Encyclopedia of Quaternary Science, 1023–31. Elsevier, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b0-44-452747-8/00121-6.

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Coronato, A., and J. Rabassa. "GLACIATIONS | Middle Pleistocene Glaciations in the Southern Hemisphere." In Encyclopedia of Quaternary Science, 187–90. Elsevier, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-53643-3.00125-4.

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Ehlers, J., P. L. Gibbard, and P. D. Hughes. "Quaternary Glaciations and Chronology." In Past Glacial Environments, 77–101. Elsevier, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-100524-8.00003-8.

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Conference papers on the topic "Glaciations du Quaternaire"

1

Owen, Lewis A. "QUATERNARY GLACIATION OF TIBET AND THE BORDERING MOUNTAINS." In GSA Annual Meeting in Seattle, Washington, USA - 2017. Geological Society of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2017am-297498.

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Orr, Elizabeth. "QUATERNARY GLACIATION OF STOK, NORTHERN ZANSKAR RANGE, TRANSHIMALAYA, NORTHERN INDIA." In 50th Annual GSA North-Central Section Meeting. Geological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2016nc-275093.

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Carson, Eric C., Elizabeth G. Ceperley, and J. Elmo Rawling. "THE ROLE OF QUATERNARY GLACIATIONS IN REORGANIZING THE OHIO AND UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVERS." In Joint 52nd Northeastern Annual Section and 51st North-Central Annual GSA Section Meeting - 2017. Geological Society of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2017ne-290220.

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Yi, Chaolu. "QUATERNARY GLACIATION SEQUENCES FROM MIS 10 TO HOLOCENE IN CENTRAL TIBETAN PLATEAU." In GSA Annual Meeting in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA - 2018. Geological Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2018am-316945.

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Laabs, Benjamin J., and Jeffrey S. Munroe. "LATE QUATERNARY GLACIATION OF THE NORTHERN GREAT BASIN: CHRONOLOGY, CLIMATE, AND KEY QUESTIONS." In GSA Annual Meeting in Phoenix, Arizona, USA - 2019. Geological Society of America, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2019am-334107.

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Li, Yingkui, Yixin Chen, Gengnian Liu, Mei Zhang, and Zhijiu Cui. "TIMING AND EXTENT OF LATE QUATERNARY GLACIATIONS ON THE NORTHERN SLOPES OF MT. SHISHAPANGMA, MONSOONAL HIMALAYAS." In GSA Annual Meeting in Seattle, Washington, USA - 2017. Geological Society of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2017am-300837.

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Lapo, Kristiana, and Doug Clark. "TIMING AND PALEOCLIMATIC SIGNIFICANCE OF QUATERNARY GLACIATION IN THE THREE-FINGERED JACK REGION, OREGON HIGH CASCADES." In GSA Annual Meeting in Seattle, Washington, USA - 2017. Geological Society of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2017am-302500.

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Peng, Xu, Gengnian Liu, Yixin Chen, and Zhijiu Cui. "TIMING AND EXTENT OF LATE QUATERNARY GLACIATIONS IN THE COGARBU VALLEY, EASTERN HIMALAYA ALONG THE CHINA-BHUTAN BORDER, INVESTIGATED USING 10BE SURFACE EXPOSURE DATING." In GSA Annual Meeting in Seattle, Washington, USA - 2017. Geological Society of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2017am-297290.

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Reports on the topic "Glaciations du Quaternaire"

1

Clague, J. J. Chapitre 12: Glaciation et Sédimentation Quaternaires. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/134100.

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Clague, J. J. Chapter 12: Quaternary Glaciation and Sedimentation. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/134099.

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Pelletier, B. R., P. R. Hill, P. J. Mudie, and S. M. Blasco. Late Quaternary glaciation and sea level history. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/126961.

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Andrews, J. T. Nature de la Dernière Glaciation au Canada [Chapitre 8: Géodynamique Quaternaires au Canada]. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/131629.

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Andrews, J. T. Nature of the Last Glaciation in Canada [Chapter 8: Quaternary Geodynamics in Canada]. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/131628.

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Jackson, L. E. Quaternary geology and terrain inventory, Foothills and adjacent plains, southwestern Alberta: some new insights into the last two glaciations. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/193645.

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Funder, S. Evolution Climatique, Glaciation et Circulation Océanique [Chapitre 13: Le Quaternaire Des Regions Extraglaciaire Du Groenland Et Des Plates-Formes Continentales Adjacentes]. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/131820.

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Funder, S. Development of Climate, Glaciation, and Oceanographic Circulation [Chapter 13: Quaternary Geology of the Ice-Free areas and Adjacent Shelves of Greenland]. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/131819.

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