Journal articles: 'Gladiatura'

1

Minerbo, Marion. "Big Brother Brasil, a gladiatura pós-moderna." Psicologia USP 18, no. 1 (March 2007): 153–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-65642007000100009.

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2

Bartus, Dávid. "Roman bronze gladiators: A new figurine of a murmillo from Brigetio." Dissertationes Archaeologicae 3, no. 7 (October 16, 2020): 177–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.17204/dissarch.2019.177.

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In summer 2019 a bronze figurine of a gladiator came to light during the excavations in the praetentura of the legionary fortress of Brigetio. This paper will briefly review all known bronze gladiator figurines from Brigetio, as well as the representations of gladiators in Roman art.

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Moog, Ferdinand. "Gladiatorenärzte im antiken Rom." DMW - Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift 143, no. 25 (December 2018): 1842–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-0601-0440.

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AbstractGladiators in ancient Rome were an integral part of the Roman world and were a unique phenomenon. Their bloody fight presumably originated from the cult of the dead. Later it was a feature of the self-portrayal of many Roman noblemen, especially during the election campaigns. Eventually it became an imperial privilege. Legally, gladiators were slaves. They were trained in specially equipped schools (ludus, plural: ludi). Also, special schools existed that trained fighters to compete in the arena against wild animals. Doctors at the ludi took care of the fighters: They prepared them for the fight or treated injuries. The gladiator cemeteries of Ephesus and York clearly demonstrate typical injury patterns. The most prominent and best-known gladiator physician is – due to his eminent self-portrayal – Galenus. Even though he looked after the gladiators of his hometown Pergamon only for a brief time. From ancient inscriptions we know the names of several other physicians who took care of gladiators. Especially these largely forgotten doctors are referenced in this article.

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GÜRAL, Ufuk. "“GLADYATÖR” FİLMİNİN ARKEOLOJİK AÇIDAN İNCELENMESİ A REVIEW OF “GLADIATOR” FROM THE ARCHEOLOGICAL POINT OF VIEW." IEDSR Association 6, no. 14 (July 26, 2021): 126–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.46872/pj.317.

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Epic Films, which is an important genre in cinema, have always won the appreciation of the audience and have been most popular in the 1950s and 60s with their samples that depict the “Antique Age”. The samples of this genre, that educate while entertain are still being made today. After the 2000 movie "Gladiator", many Epics have being produced. One of the best Epic Films, director Ridley Scott's 2000 film "Gladiator" is successful not only in terms of cinematic point of view but also in terms of its reflecting archaeological facts correctly. The film successfully transferred history to the pellicule in terms of venues, art design, accessories and the story line. In "Gladiator", director Ridley Scott gathered all the elements of Gladiator Films, -a subgenre of Peplas made in Italy in the 1960s- and reflected them in one film only. “Gladiator”, combines the themes of Peplas, such as Rome, gladiators, arenas, slaves and cruel rulers in a single work. The starting point of the movie is the competitions held in the Arena in the Ancient Age. Arenas are a platform not only individuals show themselves, but also the rulers to prove their power. In our study, starting from the formation of Amphitheaters, we examine the Arena Phenomenon, Gladiator Films and the place of "Gladiator" in between the similar works, respectively.

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Gavrilovic, Nadezda. "Ceramic crustulum with the representation of Nemesis-Diana from Viminatium: A contribution to the cult of goddess nemesis in roman provinces of Central Balkans." Starinar, no. 61 (2011): 191–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sta1161191g.

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The analysis of iconographic representation from ceramic medallion/cast for cakes (crustulum) from Viminatium showed that we are dealing with a very rare type of iconographic representation of goddess Nemesis-Diana. The monuments with syncretistic presentation of goddess Nemesis-Diana are not only very rare, but they imply a very close connection of the goddess with imperial cult and with games and gladiator fights in amphitheatre. Overview and analysis of all so far known cult monuments of goddess Nemesis, opened a question about the correlation of goddess and presumed amphitheatre in Viminatium and also a question about new aspect of honouring Nemesis in the territory of Roman provinces of Central Balkans - as a patroness of agonistic competitions and protectress of gladiatorial games and gladiators.

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6

López Medina, María Juana, and Francisco Pérez Martínez. "El munus en honor de Julia organizado por César: ritual funerario, desigualdad social y propaganda política en la Roma republicana = The munus in honour of Julia organized by Caesar: funerary ritual, social inequality and political interest in the republican Rome." ARYS: Antigüedad, Religiones y Sociedades, no. 15 (November 5, 2018): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.20318/arys.2017.3836.

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Resumen: Este trabajo se centra en el munus de Julia ofrecido por su padre César, para ello se analiza la figura de Julia, como hija de César y esposa de Pompeyo, y el significado que tuvo su muerte. Su munus demuestra cómo los combates de gladiadores, que formaron parte de los rituales funerarios durante la República, son una expresión de la desigualdad social, no sólo en función de la clase a la que se pertenezca sino también en relación con el sexo, y cómo los munera son utilizados por los intereses políticos de la nobilitas, especialmente durante el siglo I a.C., como ocurre en este caso.Abstract: This paper analyzes the munus of Julia offered by her father Caesar. It consists in the study of the figure of Julia, as daughter of Caesar and wife of Pompey, and the meaning that had her death. Her munus proves how the combats of gladiators, which were part of funerary rituals during the Republic, are an expression of social inequality, not only in function of the class also in relation to the gender, and how the munera are used by the political interests of the nobilitas, especially during the first century BC, as in this case.Palabras clave: Munera gladiatoria, Roma, Julia, César, época republicana, rito funerario, desigualdad social, propaganda política.Key words: Munera gladiatoria, Rome, Julia, Caesar, Republic period, funeral rite, social inequality, political propaganda.

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7

Pollard, Nigel. "Art, benefaction and élites in Roman Etruria. Funerary relief fragments from Saturnia." Papers of the British School at Rome 66 (November 1998): 57–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0068246200004232.

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ARTE, BENEFICENZA ED ELITE NELL'ETRURIA ROMANA. FRAMMENTI DI RILIEVI FUNERARI DA SATURNIAQuesto articolo discute due frammenti di scultura, uno di una scena di banchetto e l'altro rappresentante un gladiatore, attualmente localizzati nella moderna città – e precedente colonia romana – di Saturnia. I frammenti provengono da una grande villa tardo repubblicana/alto imperiale situata nei dintorni della città. L'evidenza epigrafica suggerisce che questa villa potrebbe essere appartenuta ad una famiglia locale (probabilmente di decurioni), i Varii. La scultura potrebbe derivare dalla tomba monumentale di un membro di quella famiglia. Sia banchetti che gladiatori sono comunemente rappresentati su monumenti funerari romani, e rappresentano anche una componente comune di opere civiche di beneficenza. Il materiale epigrafico di Saturnia rappresenta un'importante evidenza di euergetismo nel principato, e la scultura funeraria proviene da quel contesto culturale. L'evidenza di euergetismo a Saturnia fa riferimento alia continua stretta relazione fra proprietari terrieri locali e la vita civica, per il tramite del principato. Ciò è in contrasto con quanta avveniva nella bassa valle dell'Albegna, dove, fin dai tempi di Augusto, i proprietari che non risiedono nelle sue terre avevano mostrato scarsa partecipazione alia vita civica.

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8

Papanikolaou, Dimitrios. "Notes on a Gladiatorial Inscription from Plotinopolis." Tekmeria 14 (May 13, 2019): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/tekmeria.20419.

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The paper is concerned with a new gladiatorial tombstone from Plotinopolis. The paper raises serious doubts on the text of the inscription offered by itsinitial editor (Tsoka 2015); it also pinpoints towards Sharankov’s proposal(Année Épigraphique 2014 [2017] no. 1165, 493) as the only viable solution forthe text of the inscription, citing also unnoticed parallel passages from ancientGreek inscriptions and texts as evidence substantiating the new reading of the stone (see nn. 7-9). The paper expresses also disagreement over Tsoka’s assertion that thewords λοῦδοι and Μάτερνος of the inscription are mere transcriptions into Greek letters of the Latin words ludi, Maternus – and that the name Μάτερνοςimplies Romanisation. It is argued that the Latin-derived name of a gladiator ghting in the Eastern (Greek-speaking) side of the Roman Empire is not a safe marker of Romanisation. This is demonstrated by the epigraphical evidenceattesting to the habit of Greek-speaking gladiators to adopt professionalpseudonyms, many of them (25% of all recorded cases) Latin-derived ones; thepaper argues that the name Μάτερνος is simply a Latin-derived gladiatorialpseudonym. Plutarch’s testimony further substantiates that gladiators could be ethnic Greeks or culture-Greeks (see n. 20). As far as the word λοῦδοι is concerned, the poetic declination of the word in the stone attests to the laststages in the adaptation of a Latin-derived word into a fundamentally Greek linguistic environment. The paper argues that the Latin-derived vocabulary ofthe stone (Μάτερνος, λοῦδοι) should be viewed as a further piece of evidenceattesting to the recognition on the part of the Greek-speakers of the time, that gladiation was a fundamentally Roman cultural institution, a cultural import whose onomastics and terminology could rather remain untranslated.

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9

Paul, Joanna. "Gladiator." Classical Review 55, no. 2 (October 2005): 688–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clrevj/bni374.

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10

Sadashige, Jacqui, David H. Franzoni, Branko Lustig, and Ridley Scott. "Gladiator." American Historical Review 105, no. 4 (October 2000): 1437. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2651601.

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11

Kayser, François. "La gladiature en Egypte." Revue des Études Anciennes 102, no. 3 (2000): 459–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/rea.2000.4804.

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12

O'Toole, Marie T., Sheila O'Shea Melli, Mary N. Moore, and Jill B. Derstine. "Global Gladiators." Nurse Educator 21, no. 1 (January 1996): 38–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006223-199601000-00018.

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13

Sen, Piyal. "Gladiator Games." BMJ 332, no. 7536 (February 2, 2006): 309.2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.332.7536.309-a.

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14

Badie, Bertrand. "L'adieu au gladiateur ?" Relations internationales 124, no. 4 (2005): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/ri.124.0095.

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15

BENNETT, Julian. "Gladiators at Ancyra." Anatolica 35 (May 31, 2009): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2143/ana.35.0.2038070.

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16

Woloch, G. Michael, and Thomas Wiedemann. "Emperors and Gladiators." American Historical Review 99, no. 3 (June 1994): 877. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2167793.

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17

Giudicelli, Jérôme. "Zidane en Gladiateur." Esprit Octobre, no. 10 (2006): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/espri.0610.0207.

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18

Mehrhof, Joella H., Kathy Ermler, and Susan Kovar. "Modern Day Gladiators." Strategies 6, no. 3 (November 1992): 17–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08924562.1992.10591896.

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19

Veyne, Paul. "Païens et chrétiens devant la gladiature." Mélanges de l’École française de Rome. Antiquité 111, no. 2 (1999): 883–917. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/mefr.1999.2101.

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20

Tickell, Crispin. "Gladiator for science." Nature 386, no. 6623 (March 1997): 349–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/386349a0.

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21

Coleman, Kathleen M. "DEFEAT IN THE ARENA." Greece and Rome 66, no. 1 (March 11, 2019): 1–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0017383518000293.

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Everybody in life wants to win. At its most basic, this must stem from the survival instinct: in a battle against predators, winning means survival; defeat means death. In a social context, however, obviously not everyone can win, and we have to learn to accommodate defeat, whether our own or that of others. Hence, in a competitive society, defeat presents a challenge. Usually, if an observer sympathizes with the defeated, there is an impulse to dress up the defeat in various guises; or, if the defeated party is scorned, the defeat is presented in the most humiliating terms possible. In a gladiatorial context, the attitudes of the observer, not to mention the gladiators themselves, are hard to recover. Recent work has focused on the ‘affective dispositions’ of the spectators, drawing analogies with modern combat sports. Yet, modern spectators do not have to decide whether the defeated party deserves to live or die, whereas, for a Roman spectator, defeat was to be calibrated on a scale of life and death. The ancient protagonists themselves will obviously share impulses with their modern equivalents, although, when the contest is potentially fatal, the drive to win must take on an urgency surpassing pure ambition. When a modern athlete dies on the sports field or in the boxing ring, it is an accident, however tragic, whereas a gladiator who lost a fight could suffer the penalty of losing his life as well. Defeat was in deadly earnest.

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22

Jory, E. J. "Gladiators in the Theatre." Classical Quarterly 36, no. 2 (December 1986): 537–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009838800012301.

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While restating the correct interpretation of the prologue to the Hecyra of Terence in CQ 32 (1982), 134 F. H. Sandbach has this to say: ‘Possibly the widespread view which the translators and I reject has been encouraged by disbelief that the theatre could be used for gladiatorial combat. It is true that there is no reliable evidence for such use at Rome, for Donatus' statement “hoc abhorret a nostra consuetudine uerumtamen apud antiquos gladiatores in theatro spectabantur” may be no more than inference from Terence's text.’ There is, in fact, a certain amount of evidence for gladiatorial combats in the theatres at Rome, that is at venues where ludi scaenici were performed, which it is difficult to regard as unreliable and which is consistent with what we know of the relationship between the theatre and gladiatorial games.

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23

POTTER, DAVID. "CONSTANTINE AND THE GLADIATORS." Classical Quarterly 60, no. 2 (November 19, 2010): 596–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009838810000194.

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24

Nesbitt, Prexy. "Terminators, crusaders and gladiators." Review of African Political Economy 15, no. 43 (November 1988): 111–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03056248808703796.

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25

ERGURER, HASAN ERTUG, and VEDAT KELES. "THE GLADIATOR GRAFFITIS FOUND AT THE THEATER OF PARION." Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi Kültür Envanteri Dergisi 18, no. 1 (December 30, 2018): 22–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.22520/tubaked.2018.18.002.

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26

Nirigi, Ereminas, Sucahyo Sucahyo, and Jacob La Oktulseja. "Efek Penambahan Probiotik terhadap Pertumbuhan Cacing dan Kualitas Kompos yang Dihasilkan." BIOEDUSAINS: Jurnal Pendidikan Biologi dan Sains 2, no. 2 (December 28, 2019): 179–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.31539/bioedusains.v2i2.532.

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This study aims to determine the effect of Petro Gladiator® probiotic on the growth of earthworms (Lumbricus rubellus), in terms of the length and weight of earthworms to determine the compost produced from probiotics and earthworms (Lumbricus rubellus). This study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 3 treatments and 4 replications. The sample of this study is 3 kilograms of earthworms with hand sorting. The results showed that administration of Petro Gladiator® Probiotic has a significant effect (α <0.05) on the increase in total body length of earthworms, while from the weight gain of compost in treatment of different Petro Gladiator® probiotic, there was no significant difference with the Tuket test (α = 0.05). The administration of probiotics significantly (α <0.05) increased the percentage of total N and P content, and decreased total K content. The addition of Petro Gladiator® probiotics has an effect on the length and weight of earthworms. The addition of Petro Gladiator® probiotics also improves the quality of compost, N-total, P-total, organic matter and decreases the C / N ratio. Keywords : Earthworm, compost, cow dung medium, probiotics.

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27

EVENHUIS, NEAL L. "Review of Campsicnemus (Diptera: Dolichopodidae) of the Marquesas, French Polynesia, with description of four new species groups." Zootaxa 2004, no. 1 (February 5, 2009): 25–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2004.1.3.

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The Marquesan species of Campsicnemus are reviewed and four new species groups: the gladiator group (Marquesan gladiator flies), the aa group (Marquesan vowel flies), the englundi group (Marquesan silly-walk flies), and the hihiroa group (Marquesan eyelash flies) are defined. Twelve new species are described and illustrated: Campsicnemus gladiator Evenhuis, n. sp. (gladiator group); C. aa Evenhuis, n. sp., C. ee Evenhuis, n. sp., C. ii Evenhuis, n. sp., C. oo Evenhuis, n. sp., C. uu Evenhuis, n. sp. (all in the aa group); C. englundi Evenhuis, n. sp.; C. cheesmanae Evenhuis, n. sp., C. plautus Evenhuis, n. sp.; (all in the englundi group); C. dytei Evenhuis, n. sp., C. hihiroa Evenhuis, n. sp., C. taratara Evenhuis, n. sp. (all in the hihiroa group). A key to all known French Polynesian species groups of Campsicnemus and to species within each species group in the Marquesas are given.

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28

Albu, Emily. "Gladiator at the Millennium." Arethusa 41, no. 1 (2008): 185–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/are.2008.0001.

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29

Malumphy, C., and R. Guillem. "First records of Cacopsylla fulguralis (Kuwayama) and Macrohomotoma gladiata Kuwayama in Gibraltar (Hemiptera: Psylloidea)." Entomologist's Monthly Magazine 156, no. 1 (January 31, 2020): 7–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.31184/m00138908.1561.4016.

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Cacopsylla fulguralis (Kuwayama) and Macrohomotoma gladiata Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Psylloidea), are reported for the first time from Gibraltar: C. fulguralis in North District on Elaeagnus × ebbingei, 22. i.2019; and M. gladiata in Sandpits Area on Ficus microcarpa, 20.i.2019. Both species are native to Asia and have been introduced and spread widely in Europe and the Mediterranean. The host range, geographical distribution and potential impact in Gibraltar of both species are discussed. Macrohomotoma gladiata is also recorded from Greece and Morocco for the first time.

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30

Papapostolou, Yannis. "Monuments de gladiateurs à Patras." Bulletin de correspondance hellénique 113, no. 1 (1989): 351–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/bch.1989.4729.

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31

WHITTAKER, J. "CHENEDOLLE'S GLADIATEUR AND VIGNY'S CAPITAINE." French Studies Bulletin 16, no. 57 (January 1, 1995): 6–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/frebul/16.57.6.

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32

Irvine, Andy. "Labour History in Song: Gladiators." Labour History, no. 94 (2008): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/27516277.

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33

Puetz, Belinda E. "Becoming Gladiators for Healthcare Reform." Rehabilitation Nursing 18, no. 6 (November 12, 1993): 360. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.2048-7940.1993.tb00789.x.

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34

Kanz, Fabian, and Karl Grossschmidt. "Head injuries of Roman gladiators." Forensic Science International 160, no. 2-3 (July 2006): 207–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2005.10.010.

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35

Manas, Alfonso. "Les Gladiateurs: histoire et Armement." International Journal of the History of Sport 38, no. 2-3 (February 11, 2021): 316–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09523367.2021.1901509.

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Carriço, Cesar, Janira Martins Costa, Tatiana Chrysosotomo Santos, and Danielle Anjos-Santos. "Description of the Last Instar Larva of Phyllocycla gladiata (Hagen in Selys) (Anisoptera: Gomphidae)." EntomoBrasilis 4, no. 1 (March 31, 2011): 26–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.12741/ebrasilis.v4i1.99.

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The larva of the last instar of Phyllocycla gladiata (Hagen in Selys) is described and illustrated based in only one exuviae, collected at Camorim River, Jacarepaguá, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. Exuviae is deposited in the Museu Nacional (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Descrição do Último Ínstar Larvar de Phyllocycla gladiata (Hagen in Selys) (Anisoptera: Gomphidae) Resumo. A larva do último ínstar de Phyllocycla gladiata (Hagen in Selys) é descrita e ilustrada com base em uma exúvia coletada no Rio Camorim, Jacarepaguá, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. A exúvia foi depositada no Museu Nacional (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.

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37

Cagniart, Pierre. "The Philosopher and the Gladiator." Classical World 93, no. 6 (2000): 607. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4352467.

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38

Yorimichi, Kasahara. "Byron's Dying Gladiator in Context." Wordsworth Circle 40, no. 1 (January 2009): 44–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/twc24045263.

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39

HALFORD, BETHANY. "MATERIALS FOR THE MODERN GLADIATOR." Chemical & Engineering News 87, no. 5 (February 2, 2009): 12–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-v087n005.p012.

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40

Rinott, Yosef, Marco Scarsini, and Yaming Yu. "A Colonel Blotto Gladiator Game." Mathematics of Operations Research 37, no. 4 (November 2012): 574–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/moor.1120.0550.

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41

Wormald, JC, and A. Jain. "The ‘gladiator’ paediatric dressing protector." Annals of The Royal College of Surgeons of England 100, no. 8 (November 2018): 680–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1308/rcsann.2018.0049.

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42

Rung, Alessandra. "A new pest of ficus in California: Macrohomotoma gladiata Kuwayama, 1908 (Hemiptera: Psylloidea: Homotomidae), new to North America." Check List 12, no. 3 (May 11, 2016): 1882. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/12.3.1882.

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A new psyllid pest of ficus, Macrohomotoma gladiata (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Psylloidea), is reported for the first time from North America (California, U.S.A.). Notes on another adventive psyllid species that has been collected from ficus in California, Homotoma ficus, are given, together with a list diagnostic features that separate between M. gladiata and H. ficus.

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Annas, Akhirul, and Rana Akbari Fitriawan. "Media dan Kekerasan: Analisis Norman Fairclough Terhadap Pemberitaan Tarung Gladiator." JURNAL SOSIAL POLITIK 4, no. 1 (April 19, 2018): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.22219/sospol.v4i1.5224.

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AbstrakLine Today merupakan fitur agregator berita yang terdapat dalam aplikasi Line Messenger. Salah satu berita yang dijadikan Line Today sebagai highlights pada bulan September 2017 lalu adalah kasus tarung gladiator di kalangan pelajar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana wacana kekerasan dikemas dalam pemberitaan tarung gladiator pada Line Today dengan menggunakan analisis wacana kritis Norman Fairclough untuk menganalisis teks, praktik produksi teks, dan praktik sosial budaya. Dalam penelitian ini digunakan metode kualitatif yang memusatkan perhatian pada prinsip-prinsip umum yang mendasari perwujudan sebuah makna dari gejala-gejala sosial di dalam masyarakat dengan menggunakan paradigma kritis. Paradigma ini memandang bahwa bahasa tidak hanya sebagai alat untuk memahami realitas objektif belaka, tetapi perlu melihat maksud-maksud dari wacana tertentu. Paradigma kritis jauh lebih meneliti aspek sosial, sejarah, dan budaya dari wacana tersebut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Line Today memilih enam berita dari media Kumparan.com, Liputan6.com, dan Okezone.com untuk merekonstruksi kekerasan dalam kasus tarung gladiator di kalangan pelajar. Bahasa yang digunakan dalam teks berita dikemas secara ringan, singkat, dan mudah dipahami oleh generasi milenial.Kata Kunci: Kekerasan, Line Today, Media, Norman Fairclough AbstractLine Today is a news aggregator feature contained in the Line Messenger app. One of the news that Line Today made as highlights in September 2017 was the gladiator fight case among teenage students. This study aims to find out how the discourse of violence is packed in the news gladiator fight on Line Today by using critical discourse analysis Norman Fairclough to analyze text, text production practices, and socio-cultural practices. It used qualitative methods to analyze the meaning of social phenomenon based on critical paradigm. The paradigm noted that language is not only a tool for understanding reality, but it is necessary to look at the intentions of a particular discourse. It used to explore social, historical, and cultural aspects of the discourse. The research shows that Line Today chose six news from media Kumparan.com, Liputan6.com, and Okezone.com to reconstruct the violence in the case of ‘tarung gladiator’ among teenage students. The language used in the news text is lightly packed, short, and easily understood by millennials generation.Keywords: Line Today, Media, Norman Fairclough, Violence

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Steenberg, Lindsay. "Bruce Lee as gladiator: Celebrity, vernacular stoicism and cinema." Global Media and China 4, no. 3 (September 2019): 348–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2059436419874625.

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This article situates Bruce Lee’s films and star persona in the context of wider patterns in global genre cinema of the 1960s and 1970s. I argue for a connection between the Western reception of Lee’s films and those of the mid-century Italian sword and sandal films, beginning with the Colosseum fight between Bruce Lee and Chuck Norris that concludes Way of the Dragon (1972). From the dojo fights of Fist of Fury (1972), through the tournament structure in Enter the Dragon (1973), to his statistically led re-animation in the EA Sports UFC 3 (2018) videogame, Bruce Lee can be usefully considered as a gladiator. Bruce Lee, as fighter, performer and star persona, contributes to the enduring gladiatorial archetype that is an embedded feature in the Western visual imaginary. Furthermore, I argue that the gladiator archetype itself shifted because of Lee’s onscreen roles and the discourse that surrounds his star persona. In order to map these shifts and patterns of confluence, I chart three main points of impact that Lee has had on the gladiatorial archetype using his Western-facing roles on film and television, namely the television series Longstreet (1971–1972) and Enter the Dragon (1973). First, I consider the inclusion of martial arts and, second, the opening up of the field of representation to different models of masculinity, including a leaner body type and a non-White – in this case, ethnically Chinese – gladiator. The third point is the emphasis on a popular, or vernacular, stoicism. Ultimately, I elucidate the relationship between the gladiator, Bruce Lee, and philosophy, arguing that Lee embodies a vernacular stoicism that has become one of the defining features of the post-millennial gladiator and notions of heroic masculinity in popular culture more widely.

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Wilmott, Tony. "Two Left-Handed Gladiators in Britain." Antiquaries Journal 87 (September 2007): 141–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000358150000086x.

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Two of the most frequently reproduced images of gladiatorial combat from Britain are a slate relief of aretiariusfrom Chester and the famous Colchester vase, a barbotine decorated cup adorned with arena scenes. Despite the familiarity of these images, an important fact seems to have been generally overlooked: the objects appear to show gladiators who are left-handed.

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Adis, Joachim, Oliver Zompro, Esther Moombolah-Goagoses, and Eugène Marais. "Gladiators: A New Order of Insect." Scientific American 287, no. 5 (November 2002): 60–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican1102-60.

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Toffler, Alvin, and Heidi Toffler. "Global Gladiators Challenge thePower of Nations." New Perspectives Quarterly 17, no. 1 (June 28, 2008): 26–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/0893-7850.00233.

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Briquel, Dominique. "Les femmes gladiateurs : examen du dossier." Ktèma : civilisations de l'Orient, de la Grèce et de Rome antiques 17, no. 1 (1992): 47–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/ktema.1992.2053.

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Spoladore, Dayse Soave, and João Paulo Feijão Teixeira. "Composição química das sementes de Canavalia gladiata DC." Bragantia 46, no. 1 (1987): 133–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0006-87051987000100014.

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Canavalia gladiata D.C., cultivar Vermelho, é uma leguminosa empregada como adubo verde, cujas sementes são ainda pouco utilizadas na alimentação. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a composição química de grãos de Canavalia gladiata D.C., cultivar Vermelho. As vagens apresentaram em média seis sementes, com peso médio de aproximadamente 5 gramas. Sua composição na matéria seca foi a seguinte: proteína bruta 29%, amido 37%, açúcares totais 7,5%, extrato etéreo 1,5%, extrato livre de nitrogênio 62% e fibras 6%. A fração protéica apresentou estes teores de aminoácidos essenciais: lisina 6,5%, histidina 4%, arginina 6%, triptofano 2%, treonina 6%, cistina 0,8%, valina 6%, metionina 0,5%, isoleucina 5%, leucina 9%, tirosina 2% e fenilalanina 5%. A composição química de sementes de C. gladiata evidencia seu valor potencial para uso como alimento.

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HUANG, GUO-HUA, TOSHIYA HIROWATARI, and MIN WANG. "Taxonomic notes on the genus Tineovertex Moriuti (Insecta, Lepidoptera, Tineidae) with description of a new species." Zootaxa 1637, no. 1 (November 14, 2007): 37–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1637.1.3.

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The genus Tineovertex Moriuti, 1982 is recorded for the first time from South China on the basis of two species: T. antidroma (Meyrick, 1931) and T. gladiata Huang, Hirowatari & Wang, sp. nov. The male and female genitalia of T. gladiata and the male genitalia of T. antidroma are illustrated for the first time. A key to Tineovertex species is provided along with distributional map of all nominal species.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Gladiatura'

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