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Journal articles on the topic 'Glances'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 24 June 2021

Last updated: 29 July 2025

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1

Liu, Shu-Yuan, John D. Lee, Ja Young Lee, and Vindhya Venkatraman. "Glances That Matter: Applying Quantile Regression to Assess Driver Distraction from Off-Road Glances." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 62, no. 1 (2018): 1954–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541931218621443.

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This study assessed whether quantile regression can identify design specifications that lead to particularly long glances, which might go unnoticed with traditional analyses focusing on conditional means of off-road glances. Although substantial research indicates that long glances contribute disproportionately to crash risk, few studies have directly assessed the tails of the distribution. Failing to examine the distribution tails might underestimate the disproportionate risk on long glances imposed by secondary tasks. We applied quantile regression to assess the effects of secondary task typ

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2

Bojti, Zsolt. "Glances Backward — Glances Forward." Hungarian Cultural Studies 17 (September 12, 2024): 41–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/ahea.2024.566.

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The first openly gay detective novel, one of the first overtly homosexual fictions published by a British press, and possibly the most popular fiction in the 1950s about male same-sex desire, The Heart in Exile (1953), was written under the pseudonym Rodney Garland. The author’s identity has sparked debates since the very first publication of the novel. Although it seems to be the common consensus that the novel was written by Hungarian journalist Adam de Hegedus, there are disputes about the person of the real author and the authorship of the Garland series. This paper first addresses these q

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3

Yang, Shiyan, Jonny Kuo, and Michael G. Lenné. "Individual Differences in Glance Patterns under Distraction in Level 2 Automated Driving." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 64, no. 1 (2020): 1981–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071181320641477.

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This paper investigated individual differences in attentional strategies during the non-driving-related tasks in Level 2 automated driving. Ward’s method was used to cluster participants into different groups according to the characteristics of their sequential off-road glances in the email-sorting task: duration, frequency, variance, and intensity. The clustering results showed two types of sequential off-road glance patterns in distracted Level 2 driving: infrequent long glances vs. frequent short glances. However, participants in the two groups showed similar workload, driving engagement, a

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4

Ebadi, Yalda, Ganesh Pai, Siby Samuel, and Donald L. Fisher. "Impact of Cognitive Distractions on Drivers’ Hazardous Event Anticipation and Mitigation Behavior in Vehicle–Bicycle Conflict Situations." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2674, no. 7 (2020): 504–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198120923660.

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Vehicle–bicycle collisions are increasing alarmingly. A recent study shows that cognitively distracted drivers who are glancing on the forward roadway are also less likely to glance toward areas for potential vehicle–bicyclist conflicts. But this study did not determine whether cognitively distracted drivers who did glance toward the appropriate area were as likely to process the information as drivers who were not cognitively distracted. Evidence that drivers who were cognitively distracted and glanced toward the bicyclist were not as likely to process the information could be inferred either

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5

Lee, Joonbum, Mauricio Muñoz, Lex Fridman, Trent Victor, Bryan Reimer, and Bruce Mehler. "Investigating the correspondence between driver head position and glance location." PeerJ Computer Science 4 (February 19, 2018): e146. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.146.

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The relationship between a driver’s glance orientation and corresponding head rotation is highly complex due to its nonlinear dependence on the individual, task, and driving context. This paper presents expanded analytic detail and findings from an effort that explored the ability of head pose to serve as an estimator for driver gaze by connecting head rotation data with manually coded gaze region data using both a statistical analysis approach and a predictive (i.e., machine learning) approach. For the latter, classification accuracy increased as visual angles between two glance locations inc

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6

Gaspar, John, and Cher Carney. "The Effect of Partial Automation on Driver Attention: A Naturalistic Driving Study." Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 61, no. 8 (2019): 1261–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0018720819836310.

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Objective: This naturalistic driving study investigated how drivers deploy visual attention in a partially automated vehicle. Background: Vehicle automation is rapidly increasing across vehicle fleets. This increase in automation will likely have both positive and negative consequences as drivers learn to use the new technology. Research is needed to understand how drivers interact with partially automated vehicle systems and what impact new technology has on driver attention. Method: Ten participants drove a Tesla Model S for 1 week during their daily commute on a stretch of busy interstate.

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7

Scott, Joanna. "Parting glances." Afterimage 14, no. 10 (1987): 19–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/aft.1987.14.10.19.

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8

SCHONBERG, HAROLD C. "Backward Glances." Opera Quarterly 10, no. 4 (1994): 51–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oq/10.4.51.

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9

Lewis, Jon. "Parting Glances." Cinema Journal 43, no. 3 (2004): 98–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cj.2004.0021.

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10

Cato, Shaun. "Stolen glances." Lancet 358, no. 9299 (2001): 8–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(01)07174-4.

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11

Rosenhaft, Eve. "Exchanging Glances." Third Text 22, no. 3 (2008): 311–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09528820802204300.

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12

Lee, Ja Young, and John D. Lee. "Multi-level Analysis of Distracted Drivers’ Glances: Enhancing the Robustness of the NHTSA Acceptance Criteria." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 61, no. 1 (2017): 1919–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541931213601960.

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The visual-manual distraction guidelines by National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) provide a method to assess potential distraction of secondary tasks. According to the method, one instance of “testable task” is performed once by 24 participants, and three glance measures (i.e., mean duration of off-road glances, total eyes off road time, and proportion of long glances) are used to decide whether the task imposes acceptable demand on the driver. The current study investigates variability from both participants and task instances (e.g., different telephone numbers used for diali

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13

Taneja, Rimzim, Kawther Alali, Mohammed, et al. "Effects of Varying Text Message Length and Driving Speed on the Disruptive Effects of Texting on Driving Simulator Performance: Differential Effects on Eye Glance Measures." Safety 10, no. 4 (2024): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/safety10040089.

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Eye glance analysis and driving performance during texting while driving: Differential effects of varying driving speed versus text message length. Background and Objective. Texting while driving continues to be a significant public health concern. Eye glances off the roadway are a measure of the visual distraction associated with texting while driving. In the present study, we examined the effects of two ‘real-world’ factors relating to the adverse effects of texting on driving performance and eye glances off the roadway: (1) text message length and (2) driving speed. Methods. Subjects ‘drove

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14

Kircher, Katja, Tuomo Kujala, and Christer Ahlström. "On the Difference Between Necessary and Unnecessary Glances Away From the Forward Roadway: An Occlusion Study on the Motorway." Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 62, no. 7 (2019): 1117–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0018720819866946.

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Objective The present study strove to distinguish traffic-related glances away from the forward roadway from non-traffic-related glances while assessing the minimum amount of visual information intake necessary for safe driving in particular scenarios. Background Published gaze-based distraction detection algorithms and guidelines for distraction prevention essentially measure the time spent looking away from the forward roadway, without incorporating situation-based attentional requirements. Incorporating situation-based attentional requirements would entail an approach that not only consider

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15

Hoffman, Joshua D., John D. Lee, Daniel V. McGehee, Mashala Macias, and Andrew W. Gellatly. "Visual Sampling of In-Vehicle Text Messages." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1937, no. 1 (2005): 22–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198105193700104.

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Emerging in-vehicle technology associated with radio data systems, satellite radio, navigation aids, and infotainment systems will expose drivers to an increasing amount of textual information. The visual demands of driving make it critically important to understand how characteristics of such information affect visual sampling of the roadway. This study used a medium-fidelity driving simulator to evaluate the effect of scroll control (manual or automatic), the number of lines displayed (one, two, or four), and scrolling strategy (line by line or page by page) on drivers’ visual sampling behav

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16

Xie, Jeanne Y., Huei-Yen Winnie Chen, and Birsen Donmez. "Gaming to Safety." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 60, no. 1 (2016): 1884–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541931213601429.

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The risk of crash or near-crash significantly increases when drivers make long off-road glances to engage in distracting tasks. Providing drivers with feedback that integrates elements of game design could increase driver motivation for adopting safer behaviors. In an ongoing between-subjects simulator study with young drivers ( n=29 reported in this paper), we compare four conditions for off-road glance behaviors: no feedback, real-time feedback system, post-drive feedback system (real-time feedback + post-drive feedback), and gamification feedback system (real-time feedback + post-drive feed

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17

Schneider, Craig A., Foroogh Hajiseyedjavadi, Francis Tainter, et al. "Measuring the Applicability of Intersection-Based Older Driver Training Programs." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2674, no. 9 (2020): 878–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198120932566.

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Older drivers remain overrepresented in intersection crashes. Previous evidence suggests that the primary reason for this lies with their lack of scanning for potential threat vehicles while entering stop-controlled intersections. More so, secondary glances prove critical when the conditions obscure potential threat vehicles while approaching the intersection. Currently, simulator-based older driver training programs have proven effective in increasing the frequency of secondary glances taken by older drivers up to 2 years following the training. However, both the need for a full-scale driving

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18

Murphy, Paul. "Further Parting Glances." Musical Times 135, no. 1813 (1994): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1002897.

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19

Hannaham, James. "Air Disaster, and: Glances." Yale Review 109, no. 2 (2021): 68–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/tyr.2021.0030.

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20

Tamayo Flores, Sergio. "Six glances towards Xochimilco." Anuario de Espacios Urbanos, Historia, Cultura y Diseño, no. 12 (December 1, 2005): 195–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.24275/qylp5990.

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21

Greene, Michelle R., and Aude Oliva. "The Briefest of Glances." Psychological Science 20, no. 4 (2009): 464–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.2009.02316.x.

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22

Hackeng, Tilman M. "Gla glances at proteins." Blood 105, no. 1 (2005): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2004-10-3874.

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23

Mehrotra, Shashank Kumar, Fangda Zhang, and Shannon C. Roberts. "Evaluation and Validation of Distraction Detection Algorithms on Multiple Data Sources." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 62, no. 1 (2018): 1949–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541931218621442.

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Many researchers have developed algorithms to detect distraction, but they have yet to be validated on multiple data sources. This study aims to evaluate these algorithms by comparing their ability to detect distraction and predict event likelihood. Four algorithms that use measures of cumulative glance, past glance behavior, and glance eccentricity were used to understand the distracted state of the driver and were validated on two separate data sources: naturalistic and experimental data. Results showed that there was a higher likelihood of event detection when cumulative glances were consid

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24

Merrikhpour, Maryam, and Birsen Donmez. "Towards Mitigating Teenagers’ Distracted Driving Behaviors." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 60, no. 1 (2016): 1879–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541931213601428.

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Distraction contributes significantly to teens’ crash risks. Previous studies show that feedback can help mitigate distraction among young and adult drivers; however, the type of feedback that is effective for teenagers remains unexamined. This paper investigates whether real-time and post-drive feedback can mitigate teens’ driver distraction and reports preliminary findings from an ongoing simulator study. Data reported was collected in a between-subjects experiment with three conditions: real-time (n= 8), post-drive (n= 8), and no feedback (n= 9). Real-time feedback was provided as auditory

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25

Boffin, Tessa, and Jean Fraser. "Stolen Glances: Lesbians Take Photographs." Feminist Studies 18, no. 3 (1992): 550. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3178082.

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26

Blanchot, Maurice, and Hilari Allred. "Glances From Beyond the Grave." Yale French Studies, no. 81 (1992): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2930141.

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27

Main, Tom. "A few glances at psychiatry." Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy 6, no. 3 (1992): 249–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02668739200700221.

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28

Castaing, Jacques, and Marine Cotte. "Physicist glances at cultural heritage." Europhysics News 38, no. 5 (2007): 20–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epn:2007020.

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29

Hoekstra-Atwood, Liberty, David Prendez, John L. Campbell, and Christian M. Richard. "Some On-Road Glances are More Equal Than Others: Measuring Engagement in the Driving Task." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 63, no. 1 (2019): 1986–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071181319631450.

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The current work examines a methodology developed for assessing driver attention management using high-precision eye glances towards safety-relevant driving information. The Task Analysis Eye Movement Overlay (TAEMO) method uses task analyses, video recordings of a driving scenario, and eye glance data toward visual keys that drivers sample during the driving scenario to directly measure driver engagement. This methodology has applications for evaluating infrastructure design, driver impairment assessment, driver training, driver distraction research, and vehicle human-machine interface (HMI)

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30

Unverricht, James, Yusuke Yamani, and William J. Horrey. "Calibration in Older and Middle-aged Drivers: Relationship between Subjective and Objective Glance Performance at Complex Intersections." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 62, no. 1 (2018): 1913–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541931218621434.

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Older drivers are an at-risk population for automobile crashes, especially at intersections. Intersection maneuvers demand a series of motor and visual responses executed at specific proximities and timings during a turn. Previous research indicates that older drivers are more likely than middle-aged drivers to neglect anticipatory glances to areas where latent hazards could materialize at intersections. Calibration, which reflects the degree of agreement (or discordance) between a driver’s self-perception of their driving ability and their actual ability, might be a factor that drives the age

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31

Bakhtiari, Sarah, Tingru Zhang, Tracy Zafian, et al. "Effect of Visual and Auditory Alerts on Older Drivers’ Glances toward Latent Hazards while Turning Left at Intersections." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2673, no. 9 (2019): 117–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198119844244.

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Older drivers are known to make significantly fewer glances toward hazards that are hidden from view (latent hazards) than middle-aged drivers. This is especially true when the driver is making a left turn at an intersection at that critical point in the turn immediately after the driver enters the intersection. This has led to the development of training programs that can increase the frequency of these glances toward latent hazards at intersections. However, training programs can require time and money that many older adults may not have. Advances in machine vision and vehicle-to-vehicle com

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32

Jenness, James W., Raymond J. Lattanzio, Maura O'Toole, and Nancy Taylor. "Voice-Activated Dialing or Eating a Cheeseburger: Which is More Distracting during Simulated Driving?" Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 46, no. 4 (2002): 592–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120204600405.

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We measured simulated driving performance for 26 participants who drove a fixed distance while continuously eating a cheeseburger, operating an automobile CD player, reading directions, or using a voice-activated dialing system to place calls on a mobile phone. Performance was also measured while participants drove without doing other tasks. Participants made the most lane-keeping errors, minimum speed violations, and glances away from the road while reading and while operating the CD player. They made significantly fewer driving errors and glances while voice-dialing the mobile phone or eatin

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33

Graichen, Lisa, Matthias Graichen, and Josef F. Krems. "Evaluation of Gesture-Based In-Vehicle Interaction: User Experience and the Potential to Reduce Driver Distraction." Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 61, no. 5 (2019): 774–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0018720818824253.

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Objective: We observe the effects of in-vehicle system gesture-based interaction versus touch-based interaction on driver distraction and user experience. Background: Driver distraction is a major problem for traffic safety, as it is a contributing factor to a number of accidents. Visual distraction in particular has a highly negative impact on the driver. One possibility for reducing visual driver distraction is to use new forms of interaction in the vehicle, such as gesture-based interaction. Method: In this experiment, participants drove on a motorway or in a city scenario while using touch

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34

Smith, Missie, Joseph L. Gabbard, Gary Burnett, and Nadejda Doutcheva. "The Effects of Augmented Reality Head-Up Displays on Drivers' Eye Scan Patterns, Performance, and Perceptions." International Journal of Mobile Human Computer Interaction 9, no. 2 (2017): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijmhci.2017040101.

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This paper reports on an experiment comparing Head-Up Display (HUD) and Head-Down Display (HDD) use while driving in a simulator to explore differences in glance patterns, driving performance, and user preferences. Sixteen participants completed both structured (text) and semi-structured (grid) visual search tasks on each display while following a lead vehicle in a motorway (highway) environment. Participants experienced three levels of complexity (low, medium, high) for each visual search task, with five repetitions of each level of complexity. Results suggest that the grid task was not sensi

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35

ODACHOWSKA-ROGALSKA, Ewa, and Monika UCIŃSKA. "THE INFLUENCE OF DISTRACTORS ON VISUAL ATTENTION AND SAFETY-RELATED BEHAVIORS WHILE DRIVING." Transport Problems 20, no. 2 (2025): 85–97. https://doi.org/10.20858/tp.2025.20.2.07.

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Safe participation in road traffic requires the effective monitoring of one’s surroundings and adequate reactions to stimuli. A particular challenge for drivers is the presence of distractors, which can limit the selectivity and shifting of attention, thus reducing situational awareness. The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of different types of distractors on drivers’ visual attention and their behavior in situations requiring sudden reactions. The study was conducted in a simulator environment including two scenarios: driving in a convoy and autonomous driving with the need to

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36

Mylonas, Anastassios I. "Glances in the History of Medicine." Hellenic Archives of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery 25, no. 2 (2024): 109–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.54936/haoms252109114.

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37

Roxman, Susanna. "Brushstrokes and glances (review)." Prairie Schooner 85, no. 3 (2011): 157–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/psg.2011.0109.

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38

Seife, C. "QUANTUM PHYSICS:Furtive Glances Trigger Radioactive Decay." Science 288, no. 5471 (2000): 1564a—1564. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.288.5471.1564a.

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39

Tuan, Yi‐Fu. "Cultural Geography: Glances Backward and Forward." Annals of the Association of American Geographers 94, no. 4 (2004): 729–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8306.2004.00427.x.

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40

Yang, Shiyan, Jonny Kuo, and Michael G. Lenné. "Patterns of Sequential Off-Road Glances Indicate Levels of Distraction in Automated Driving." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 63, no. 1 (2019): 2056–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071181319631204.

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The safety concerns linked to semi-automated driving – more automation, less driver engagement – could be resolved by real-time driver monitoring with mitigation strategies. To achieve this, this paper analyzed an on-road dataset of sequential off-road glance behaviors under different levels of distraction in an autonomous vehicle trial named CANdrive. Several metrics based on sequential off-road glances were proposed and examined in terms of their capacity of measuring the levels of distraction. These findings are useful for the development of high-resolution driver state monitoring to improv

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41

Sarkar, Abhijit, Hananeh Alambeigi, Anthony McDonald, Gustav Markkula, and Jeff Hickman. "Role of Peripheral Vision in Brake Reaction Time During Safety Critical Events." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 65, no. 1 (2021): 695–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071181321651219.

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The criticality of a rear end event depends on the brake reaction time (BRT) of the driver. Therefore, distracted driving poses greater threat in such events. Evidence accumulation model (EAM) that uses looming of the lead vehicle as main stimuli has shown significant success in estimating drivers’ BR Ts. It is often argued that drivers collect evidence for braking through peripheral vision, especially during off-road glances, and transition to forward. In this work, we have modeled evidence accumulation as a function of gaze eccentricity for off-road glances while approaching safety critical

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42

Kanaan, Dina, Suzan Ayas, Birsen Donmez, Martina Risteska, and Joyita Chakraborty. "Using Naturalistic Vehicle-Based Data to Predict Distraction and Environmental Demand." International Journal of Mobile Human Computer Interaction 11, no. 3 (2019): 59–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijmhci.2019070104.

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This research utilized vehicle-based measures from a naturalistic driving dataset to detect distraction as indicated by long off-path glances (≥ 2 s) and whether the driver was engaged in a secondary (non-driving) task or not, as well as to estimate motor control difficulty associated with the driving environment (i.e. curvature and poor surface conditions). Advanced driver assistance systems can exploit such driver behavior models to better support the driver and improve safety. Given the temporal nature of vehicle-based measures, Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) were utilized; GPS speed and steer

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43

Schartmüller, Clemens, Klemens Weigl, Andreas Löcken, Philipp Wintersberger, Marco Steinhauser, and Andreas Riener. "Displays for Productive Non-Driving Related Tasks: Visual Behavior and Its Impact in Conditionally Automated Driving." Multimodal Technologies and Interaction 5, no. 4 (2021): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mti5040021.

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(1) Background: Primary driving tasks are increasingly being handled by vehicle automation so that support for non-driving related tasks (NDRTs) is becoming more and more important. In SAE L3 automation, vehicles can require the driver-passenger to take over driving controls, though. Interfaces for NDRTs must therefore guarantee safe operation and should also support productive work. (2) Method: We conducted a within-subjects driving simulator study (N=53) comparing Heads-Up Displays (HUDs) and Auditory Speech Displays (ASDs) for productive NDRT engagement. In this article, we assess the NDRT

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44

Lee, Joonbum, Bruce Mehler, Bryan Reimer, and Joseph F. Coughlin. "Sensation Seeking and Drivers’ Glance Behavior while Engaging in a Secondary Task." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 60, no. 1 (2016): 1864–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541931213601425.

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To investigate possible relationships between drivers’ sensation seeking and glance behavior while interacting with human-machine interfaces, a total of 70 drivers’ eye-glance data, Sensation Seeking Scale (SSS), and Driver Behavior Questionnaire (DBQ) data were collected and analyzed. Participants conducted radio tuning tasks with two standard production interfaces while driving on a highway, and their glance allocations to defined regions were recorded and manually annotated. Results showed that sensation seeking scores were related with self-reported violation scores, off-road glance patter

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45

McWilliams, Thomas, Joonbum Lee, Bruce Mehler, and Bryan Reimer. "Revisiting Radio Tuning: A Secondary Analysis Comparing Glance Behavior Across Five Vehicles." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 61, no. 1 (2017): 1924–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541931213601961.

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Visual-manual demand placed on drivers through interactions with operational functions, embedded telematics, infotainment systems, and nomadic technologies has raised concerns associated with diverting attention from the roadway. This analysis draws on data from field studies of five different infotainment systems representing a range of screen placements and control characteristics that diverge in significant ways from the relatively standard car radio layout of previous generations. Participants performed a set of classic visual-manual radio tuning tasks under highway driving conditions. The

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46

Thompson, Gregory C., and James R. Hepworth. "Stealing Glances: Three Interviews with Wallace Stegner." Western Historical Quarterly 32, no. 2 (2001): 238. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3650784.

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47

Haigh, Samantha, and Dorothy Kelly. "Telling Glances: Voyeurism in the French Novel." Modern Language Review 89, no. 4 (1994): 994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3733932.

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48

Garnett, Mary Anne, and Dorothy Kelly. "Telling Glances: Voyeurism in the French Novel." South Central Review 10, no. 4 (1993): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3190061.

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49

Bürgel, J. C. "The Lady Gazelle and Her Murderous Glances." Journal of Arabic Literature 20, no. 1 (1989): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157006489x00019.

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50

Ronald, A. "Stealing Glances: Three Interviews With Wallace Stegner." Interdisciplinary Studies in Literature and Environment 6, no. 2 (1999): 222–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/isle/6.2.222.

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