Academic literature on the topic 'Glass construction, edge, glass processing'

Abstract Glass edges result from cutting glass sheets and a further optional finishing. The mechanical interference into the brittle material glass causes flaws and cracks at the edge surface. Those defects have an influence on the strength of the whole glazing. Within the scope of a research project at the Institute of Building Construction from the Technische Universität Dresden, the grinding and polishing process is examined in terms of characteristic visible effects on the glass edge and the edge strength. Thereby a special focus of the research project is the impact of various polishing cup wheels for the chamfer surface of annealed glass. The article presents some basics about the processing steps of glass edges surfaces, introduces the considered grinding and polishing cup wheels and gives an overview of the performed experimental examinations. A microscopic analysis enables a characterisation of typical defects at the surfaces. Furthermore, four-point bending tests are performed to determine the bending tensile stresses at failure. The combination of both methods enables an analysis of the fracture-causing defect before destruction and a correlation between the optical surface quality and the bending tensile stresses. Additionally, the microscopy could be used to support the adjustment of a grinding machine and control reproducible edge qualities. The evaluation shows that a special development of polishing cup wheels for the chamfer can improve the surface quality and consequently increases the edge strength.

AbstractIn the present paper, optical anisotropy effects in architectural glass are evaluated using digital image processing. Hereby, thermally toughened glass panes were analyzed quantitatively using a circular polariscope. Glass subjected to externally applied stresses or residual stresses becomes birefringent. Polarized light on birefringent materials causes interference colors (iridescence), referred to as anisotropies, which affect the optical appearance of glass panes in building envelopes. Thermally toughened glass, such as toughened safety glass or heat strengthened glass, show these iridescences due to thermally induced residual stress differences. RGB-photoelastic full-field methods allow the quantitative measurement of anisotropies, since the occurring interference colors are related to the measured retardation values. By calibrating the circular polariscope, retardation images of thermally toughened glass panes are generated from non-directional isochromatic images using computer algorithms. The analysis of the retardation images and the evaluation of the anisotropy quality of the glass is of great interest in order to detect and sort out very low quality glass panes directly in the production process. Therefore, in this paper retardation images are acquired from different thermally toughened glass panes then different image processing methods are presented and applied. It is shown that a general definition of exclusion zones, e.g. near edges is required prior to the evaluation. In parallel, the limitations in the application of first-order statistical and threshold methods are presented. The intend of the investigation is the extension of the texture analysis based on the generation of Grey Level Co-occurrence Matrices, where the spatial arrangement of the retardation values is considered in the evaluation. For the first time, the results of textural features of different glass pane formats could be compared using reference areas and geometry factors. By reduction of the original image size, the computation time of textural analysis algorithms could be remarkably speeded up, while the textural features remained the same. Finally, the knowledge gained from these investigations is used to determine uniform texture features, which also includes the pattern of anisotropy effects in the evaluation of thermally toughened glass. Together with a global evaluation criterion this can now be implemented in commercial anisotropy measurement systems for quality control of tempered architectural glass.

With the development of science and technology, microfludic chip has become the leading edge in biochip research field, representing major development trend of micro-total analysis system (μ-TAS).Having features of high speed, high efficiency, low consumption etc., it possesses extensive application prospect in fields of gene analysis, disease diagnosis, drug screening etc.. Traditional microfludic chip adopts silicon slice, glass etc. materials to conduct processing with complex technique and high cost chip, thus it is not in favor of promotion and application of chip. The research on hot embossing and bonding machine for plastic microfludic chips fabrication is that to provide efficient processing machine for chip market which is expanded with each passing day. Based on present hot embossing technology of plastic microfludic chips and aimed to realize automation and batch process, the thesis conducts design research on mechanical construction of hot embossing and bonding machine for chips.

In 2017 the archaeological exploration in the zone of construction of the transmission line in the Makariv district of Kyiv region took place. Three sites — Nalyvaikivka 1 (second half of the 10th — 11th, 12th—13th centuries), Farm 2 (2nd—1st millennium BC) and Farm 3 (11th century) were excavated. The total area of excavation was 165 m2. The settlement Nalyvaykivka 1 is located in the area with high wetlands and had the necessary conditions for the extraction of iron and forestry — extraction of tar, charcoal and harvesting. The site Nalivaykivka 1 was the Medieval industrial rural settlements. The site Nalyvaykivka 1 contains a lot of artifacts related to iron production. They represent the different stages of the metallurgical process. Fragments of furnace for iron production have been found. The specific design of the metallurgical furnace was ascertained. The location near ore deposits (the iron-mining center in the Kolonshchyna region) and near the powerful product market (Kyiv) led to the craft character of the settlement. Probably it was part of the group of settlements pecialized in the production and primary processing of iron. The materials of the Ferma 3 settlement confirm the high economic level of the rural district of Kyiv region in comparison with the material culture of the Old Rus cities. There were no any archaeological objects excavated at the settlement. But in the cultural layer the interesting finds were recorded: the bi-conical shape whorl made of pink shale; the small iron knife with a straight back, the blade separated from the shank ledge; the anvil (?) will slip; the iron arrowhead with broken edge; iron bits; bronze vessel; metallurgical slag; shale fragment of pink; iron awl. The presence of Byzantine amphorae, glass bracelets, bronze vessels, items of military or hunting equipment testifies to the active trade and craft relations of rural and urban population of Kyiv Rus.

As the consumer market in the optics, electronics and aerospace industries grows, the demand of ultra-precision aspheric surface increases. The shape accuracy of the optical lens changes significantly with deformation conditions and optical properties of the lens varies with stress distribution within the lens. Therefore, determining the deflection and stress of glass lens is very important to improve the quality of the lens. In this paper, the deflection and stress theoretical results of BK7 glass plate have been presented in different cases of elastic deformation processing. The results are compared with the finite element analysis (FEA) to demonstrate the robustness and accuracy of algorithm in calculation of stress and deflection. The mentioned finite element models were established using the software Abaqus/CAE. The analytical and FEA results showed that if the edge of plate is simply supported, the maximum deflection is 4 times larger than in the fixed edge case. Otherwise if the edge and centre point of plate is simply supported, the maximum deflection is 2.5 times lower than in the fixed edge case and 11.3 times lower than in the simply supported at edge case.

The review of basic methods for glass-fiber material machining is shown, characteristic features are presented also advantages and drawbacks of different processing methods are mentioned. There is shown a description of glass-fiber material edge machining. The alternative methods such as hydro-abrasive cutting and laser working are considered.

This contribution reports on recent advances in the utilization of vacuum glass in contemporary window construction. Generally speaking, vacuum glazing consists of two glass panes with an evacuated interstitial space. To maintain the functionality of the glazing, a vacuum-tight edge seal and a grid of distance-holding pillars are required. Vacuum glazing features a first-rate thermal performance as it significantly reduces conductive and convective heat transport rates. In comparison to multi-pane insulation glasses of comparable thermal performance, vacuum glass products feature a reduced weight and construction depth. However, the application of vacuum glass in windows requires a critical rethinking of the current practice of window construction, especially with regard to thermal bridges and the related surface condensation risk at the glass/frame-construction joints. Specifically, the glass edge seal, which can be considered to be the weak spot of vacuum glass in terms of heat transfer, requires an insulating cover that is not provided in typical insulation glass frame configurations. Further relevant aspects to be considered include the structural stability of window constructions with vacuum glass, the acoustical performance, and issues regarding usability. In this context, the present contribution highlights the methodology and findings of two recent research projects (MOTIVE, FIVA) that addressed window construction requirements with regard to vacuum glazing deployment.

Strengthening of glass sheets through the process of ion exchange have been widely used in thinner cover glass for smart phone. The compressive stress improves the ability of the glass surface to withstand damage from mechanical impact. However, the presence of the damage resistant layer makes conventional mechanical and laser cutting of the ion-exchanged glass difficult. Normally, the cutting process will lead to spontaneous glass sheet breakage or shattering. Even successful in some samples, the underlying central tension is exposed on the edge, and the mechanical strength and durability of this edge is degraded. The repair of edge cracks becomes an extremely important issue for the development of single glass based smart phone. The ion exchanged glass plates (Corning IOX-FS) with a thickness of 0.7 mm were selected as the substrate materials. After cutting ion exchanged glass by high penetration diamond scribing wheels, the edge of glass plates can be protected or strengthened with silica sol using roll coating process. It was observed that the strength could be improved achieving 210 % compared to the strength of uncoated glass sheets. The sol-gel coating could improve the strength of the glass mainly by the mechanisms of filling in edge flaws or blunting crack tips. The effects of silica sol and processing parameters of roll coating process on the cracks filling effects were investigated.

AbstractThe effectiveness of post-tensioning in enhancing the fracture resistance of glass beams depends on the level of compressive pre-stress introduced at the glass edge surface that will in service be exposed to tensile stresses induced by bending. Maximum pre-load that can be applied in a post-tensioned glass beam system, yielding maximum compressive pre-stress, is limited by various failure mechanisms which might occur during post-tensioning. In this paper, failure mechanisms are identified for a post-tensioned glass beam system with a flat stainless steel tendon adhesively bonded at the bottom glass edge, including the rupture of the tendon, glass failure in tension and adhesive/glass failure in the load introduction zone. Special attention is given to the load introduction failure given that the transparent nature of glass limits the use of vertical confinement usually applied in concrete. An analytical model for determination of the allowable pre-load in post-tensioned glass beams is proposed, based on the model applied for externally post-tensioned concrete beams. The model is verified with the results of a numerical model, showing good correlation, and applied in a parametric study to determine the influence of various beam parameters on the effectiveness of post-tensioning glass beams.

ABSTRACTFrom the early eighth century CE Byzantine shops next to the Synagogue and Bath-Gymnasium Complex at Sardis, Turkey, were excavated from 1958 to 1969 more than 50 pounds, or about 350 panes of transparent flat glass sheets interpreted as window glass. Examination using optical microscopy showed little variation in size, shape, thickness, edge shape, tool marks, bubble and cord elongation and alignment. Microstructural and compositional variation of weathered surfaces and unweathered cross sections were studied using scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive x-ray analysis (SEM-EDS). Differential thermal analysis (DTA) was used to determine glass transition temperature range. Three traditional window-forming methods have been described in the glass technology literature: crown, plate and cylinder. The Sardis glass is most similar to criteria expected for cylinder glass, but significant differences were documented. Consistently patterned characteristics evidence a developed technological practice. Replicative tests were conducted using various forming sequences. Wooden and ceramic two-piece molds were made to overblow one or both ends, and hot glass threads were used to thermal shock the cylinder ends and to make a vertical crack that allowed opening during a reheating and slumping operation. These reconstructed methods fit the observed microstructural and macrostructural characteristics of the glass sheets. Analysis of glass manufacturing methods in antiquity contribute to the historical knowledge of craft practices and to the interpretation of industrial debris excavated at markets and industrial workshops.

Submitted by Claudinei Pracidelli (cpracide@ipen.br) on 2016-11-11T13:03:47Z No. of bitstreams: 0
Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-11T13:03:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
Este trabalho desenvolveu um novo método para a detecção de contornos em imagens digitais que apresentam objetos de interesse muito próximos e que contêm complexidades associadas ao fundo da imagem como variação abrupta de intensidade e oscilação de iluminação. O método desenvolvido utiliza lógicafuzzy e desvio padrão da declividade (Desvio padrão da declividade fuzzy - FuzDec) para o processamento de imagens e detecção de contorno. A detecção de contornos é uma tarefa importante para estimar características de escoamento bifásico através da segmentação da imagem das bolhas para obtenção de parâmetros como a fração de vazio e diâmetro de bolhas. FuzDec foi aplicado em imagens de instabilidades de circulação natural adquiridas experimentalmente. A aquisição das imagens foi feita utilizando o Circuito de Circulação Natural (CCN) do Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares (IPEN). Este circuito é completamente constituído de tubos de vidro, o que permite a visualização e imageamento do escoamento monofásico e bifásico nos ciclos de circulação natural sob baixa pressão.Os resultados mostraram que o detector proposto conseguiu melhorar a identificação do contorno eficientemente em comparação aos detectores de contorno clássicos, sem a necessidade de fazer uso de algoritmos de suavização e sem intervenção humana.
t
IPEN/T
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

Many problems exist in current photoresist designs that will limit their ability to obtain the performance required for future generations of integrated circuit devices. In order to overcome these challenges, novel resist designs are required, along with advancement in the fundamental understanding of the source of these problems. A mesoscale kinetic Monte Carlo simulation of resists was developed to probe the effects of changes in resist formulation and processing. A detailed SEM simulator was developed in order to better understand the effect of metrology on the characterization of the final resist relief image. Several important structure-property relations were developed for the prediction of glass transition temperature in molecular resists and the prediction of the solubility of molecular resists in developer. Five new families of molecular resists were developed that provide solutions to some of the limitations in current resist designs. Single component molecular resists have all of the functional groups required to act as a chemically amplified resist contained in a single molecule. This eliminates inhomogeneities in the resist and provides improved line edge roughness. Non-chemically amplified molecular resists were developed that have very good sensitivity due to the unique dissolution properties of molecular resists. Negative tone molecular resists were developed that have an excellent combination of resolution, sensitivity, and line edge roughness with better resolution than has been previously seen in negative tone resists. Control methods were also developed to improve the resolution of these types of negative tone resists even further.

Glas wird mit dem Ziel, die Festigkeits- und Sicherheitseigenschaften zu verbessern, thermisch vorgespannt und zu Verbundglas laminiert. Nur so ist es möglich, Bauteile wie Treppen, Träger und Stützen transparent zu gestalten oder sogar Ganzglaskonstruktionen auszuführen. Gleichzeitig werden an diese Glasbauteile höchste ästhetische Ansprüche gestellt. Diese Ansprüche können aktuell nicht immer erfüllt werden. Aus dem Veredelungsprozess von Verbundglas resultiert ein Kantenversatz zwischen den Einzelgläsern, der die optische Qualität der frei sichtbaren Kanten erheblich beeinträchtigt. Darüber hinaus führt dieser Kantenversatz bei Lasteinleitung über die Kante zu einer ungleichmäßigen und damit ungünstigen Lastverteilung auf die Einzelgläser. Das Nachschleifen der Verbundglaskante ermöglicht, die optische Beeinträchtigung zu beheben und eine ebene Kantenoberfläche zu schaffen. Bei thermisch vorgespanntem Glas verursacht das Nachschleifen allerdings einen mechanischen Eingriff in den thermischen Vorspannungszustand, der sinkende Festigkeiten zur Folge haben kann. Dies stellt ein erhebliches Risiko dar, da das Bauteil unplanmäßig versagen könnte. Eine wissenschaftlich belegte Beurteilung des Versagensrisikos ist derzeit nicht verfügbar. Die europäische Normung schließt das Nachschleifen deshalb vollständig aus. Die vorliegende Arbeit trägt dazu bei, diese Lücke zu schließen und verfolgt das Ziel, den Einfluss des Nachschleifens auf thermisch vorgespannte Gläser zu charakterisieren. Eine Auseinandersetzung mit der Herstellung und Veredelung von Flachglas führt zur Ausgangssituation für das Nachschleifen und den zu berücksichtigenden Einflussgrößen. Das daraus abgeleitete experimentelle Versuchsprogramm beinhaltet die zweistufige Untersuchung von 240 Probekörpern aus Einscheiben-Sicherheitsglas und Teilvorgespanntem Glas mit variierender Glasdicke. Diese wurden in unterschiedlichen Nachschleiftiefen bearbeitet. Zunächst erfolgt die umfangreiche Analyse des thermischen Vorspannungszustands mit Hilfe von spannungsoptischen Messmethoden. Der zweite Schritt beinhaltet Bruchversuche zur Bestimmung der Festigkeit sowie begleitende mikroskopische Untersuchungen des bruchverursachenden Defektes. Die Analyse der Korrelation zwischen den Ergebnissen der thermischen Vorspannung und dem Bruchverhalten erlaubt die Beschreibung des Einflusses des Nachschleifens auf thermisch vorgespanntes Glas. Daraus geht hervor, dass die thermische Vorspannung an der Kante mit steigender Nachschleiftiefe sinkt. Mit den Vorspannungswerten sinkt auch die Beanspruchbarkeit der Gläser. Die verbleibenden charakteristischen Festigkeiten unterschreiten jedoch nicht zwangsläufig die normativ geforderten Grenzwerte. In Abhängigkeit von Glasart und Glasdicke ist das Nachschleifen in definierten Grenzen möglich, ohne ein unplanmäßiges Versagensrisiko hervorzurufen. Aus den Ergebnissen der Probekörper dieser Arbeit geht hervor, dass Teilvorgespanntes Glas, in Abhängigkeit von der Glasdicke, maximal 3 mm nachgeschliffen werden konnte, ohne die in den Produktnormen geforderten Festigkeiten zu unterschreiten. Im Gegensatz dazu lag die Grenze bei Einscheiben-Sicherheitsglas schon bei 1 mm Nachschleiftiefe. Auf dieser Grundlage sowie der Zusammenführung aller Ergebnisse dieser Arbeit erfolgt die Herleitung von konstruktiven sowie verfahrenstechnischen Empfehlungen, die sich positiv auf die nach dem Nachschleifen verbleibende Festigkeit auswirken. Für die Ingenieurpraxis wird zudem ein Nachweiskonzept für thermisch vorgespannte Gläser mit nachgeschliffenen Kanten erarbeitet. Die Erkenntnisse dieser Arbeit zeigen, dass das Potential des Nachschleifens als zusätzlicher Veredelungsschritt von thermisch vorgespannten Verbundgläsern genutzt werden kann. Sie belegen, auf Basis umfangreicher wissenschaftlicher Untersuchungen, dass kein unplanmäßiges Versagensrisiko durch das Nachschleifen entsteht, wenn bestimmte Grenzwerte eingehalten werden. Die aus dem Umfang der Versuche dieser Arbeit abgeleiteten Empfehlungen und das entwickelte Nachweiskonzept eröffnen einen Weg für den zukünftigen Einsatz des Nachschleifens von thermisch vorgespannten Gläsern, um Glasbauteile mit ebenen und optisch hervorragenden Verbundglaskanten schaffen zu können.:1 Einleitung 2 Glasherstellung und -veredelung 3 Thermische Vorspannung 4 Festigkeit und Bruchverhalten 5 Gesamtergebnisse und Empfehlungen 6 Zusammenfassung und Ausblick 7 Literatur
To enhance the strength and safety of glass members, glass is often both thermally toughened and laminated. This enables the realisation of transparent components such as staircases, beams and columns, or even all-glass constructions. Additionally, these glass constructions must meet the demand on high aesthetic quality. Currently, it is not always possible to reach these demand. Processing laminated glass can cause an edge offset between the individual glass panes, which significantly affects the optical quality of visible glass edges. Moreover, in the case of glass components with load introduction into the laminated glass edge, the offset leads to an uneven and adverse load splitting on the individual glass panes. Regrinding laminated glass edges provides the opportunity to remove the optical deficit and establish smooth edges. However, regrinding of thermally toughened glass causes a mechanical intervention into the residual stress state that could lead to a decrease in strength. This poses a considerable risk, as the glass component could fail unexpectedly. Despite this significant risk, there are currently no scientifically established risk assessment methods for the influence of regrinding. Therefore, the European standards exclude the regrinding of thermally toughened glass. Accordingly, this thesis aims to address this deficiency by characterising the effect of regrinding on thermally toughened glass. In this thesis, extensive analysis of flat glass production and processing of glass lead to the influencing variables, which has to be considered in the examination of regrinding. The derived two-stage testing programme includes 240 specimens made of fully tempered glass and heat-strengthened glass of varying thicknesses. Specimens underwent regrinding to varying depths. Firstly, the analysis of the residual stress state is carried out with stress-optical measuring methods. Afterwards, fracture tests are executed to determine the strength. Accompanying studies include microscopic examinations of the defects in the glass causing the fracture. Measured residual stress state and fracture stress are correlated in order to characterise the influence of the regrinding process on thermally toughened glass. The study demonstrated that increasing regrinding depths lead to a decrease in the residual stress at the edge. As a result, the resultant strength also decreases. However, the remaining characteristic strengths are not necessarily below the normatively regulated characteristic strengths. Depending on the glass type and thickness, regrinding is possible within defined limits without causing an unexpected risk of failure. The results of the tested specimens of this thesis indicate that, depending on the glass thickness, regrinding of heat-strengthened glass is possible up to a maximum of 3 mm regrinding depth without a reduction in strength below standardised limits. In contrast, the maximum limit of regrinding fully tempered glass was 1 mm. On this basis, as well as, the combination of all experimental results of this thesis, constructive and procedural recommendations which positively affect the remaining strength after regrinding are derived. In addition, a verification concept for thermally toughened glass with reground edges is developed. Finally, the results of this thesis show that the regrinding process can be implemented as an additional finishing step for thermally toughened laminated glass. Based on comprehensive scientific studies, the outcome verifies that regrinding up to defined limits does not result in risk of premature failure. The derived recommendations and developed verification concept, which results from the examinations of this thesis, establish opportunities for future use of reground laminated thermally toughened glass to create glass components with smooth edges of the highest optical quality.:1 Einleitung 2 Glasherstellung und -veredelung 3 Thermische Vorspannung 4 Festigkeit und Bruchverhalten 5 Gesamtergebnisse und Empfehlungen 6 Zusammenfassung und Ausblick 7 Literatur

The previous chapters used object data to detect distribution patterns in the artefactual evidence of a series of industries in order to identify areas of high activity and new workshops. Furthermore, they discussed the locations and physical relationships between workshops and other industrial areas in order to understand their role in the settlement’s infrastructure. By contrast, this chapter presents and discusses two case-studies from Amarna and Gurob to describe the various features often found inside a workshop or factory, showcasing the functionality and organization of specialized, high-temperature workshops, and associated firing structures in an urban environment. The case-studies include the glass, faience, metal, and pottery workshop O45.1 in the Main City North Amarna, excavated by Paul Nicholson and team in the 1990s. At Gurob, an industrial area was published by Brunton and Engelbach in 1927, which was partly re-excavated by the author and named IA1. The results of this excavation, together with the finds corpus, are compared to those from O45.1, as kilns and pottery production areas were found. Site O45.1 is located at the extreme north-western end of the Main City North, towards the southern edge of the Central City, south of the Small Aten Temple, and directly to the south of the modern water tower at Amarna. The excavated site, which measures 325m², has yielded much artefactual as well as structural evidence of glass processing, including glassmaking, faience production, and metal-working. It lies in the vicinity of the area examined by Petrie in the 1890s and described by him as an area of moulds, but during the work at O45.1 no traces were found of this area having previously been excavated. Many of Petrie’s finds relating to the glass-industry also came from the palace waste heaps, only a very small number coming from the palace itself. The largest portion of evidence was not contexted, as it had been found and brought to Petrie by local children from sites around Amarna. Thus, site O45.1 is not the only possible location of Petrie’s glass manufactories. The workshop is surrounded by a series of mud-brick walls forming an open courtyard, a common phenomenon in New Kingdom Egypt.

Abstract FeSiB metallic glass laminate is a state-of-the-art structure for improving the magnetic performance of magnetic core. Extreme strength and hardness due to the amorphous matrix challenge its grinding process with severe tool wear and pronounced delamination. An amount of heat generated during grinding process brings a considerable problem in material crystallization, resulting in an increased magnetic deterioration. In this work, grinding data is presented for grind wheel wear, cutting force and surface quality when routing 8 mm thick FeSiB metallic glass laminate using electroplated CBN grinding points. Grinding experiments were carried out with grinding speeds of 0.5 and 1.5 m/s to investigate the formation of delamination. Energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and electron back scattered diffraction pattern (EBSD) analyses were conducted to inspect the delamination between the metallic foil layers and detailed microstructure of machined surface, respectively. The relation between the cutting force and delamination was discussed associated with the identification of crystallization condition of machined surface. As a result, plastic deformation between the layers is the primary reason for the inter-laminate circuit short. Load-displacement curve from nano indenter indicated the strain hardening level near machined surface increased with cutting speed.

Abstract The demand for improving the image quality of cameras has increased significantly, especially in industrial applications, such as broadcasting, on-vehicle, security, factory automation, and medicine. Surface of glass lenses, which is a key component of cameras, is formed and finished by polishing using small tools. However, the existing small tool polishing technologies exhibit serious problems including an unstable removal rate with the accumulated polishing time. In concrete, low removal rate at the beginning of the polishing process and sudden decrease in the removal rate during the polishing process significantly deteriorate stability of the removal rate. To improve the stability of the removal rate, we proposed a vibration-assisted polishing method using newly developed polishing pads with titanium dioxide particles in the previous work. Polishing experiments on glass lenses confirmed that the variation in the removal rate was suppressed by the developed polishing method; however, the reason for the improvement, in concrete, the relation between the vibration of polishing pressure and the stability of the removal rate remains unknown. In this study, we investigated and clarified the effect of the vibration of polishing pressure on the surface conditions of polishing pads, which strongly affected removal rate.

Much construction scrap is discharged when a dwelling or a building are disassembled. Wood is tipped. Concrete is recycled to new object for concretes, the aggregate for pavement, etc. Glass is classified and crushed, and is recycled by the materials of the glass called cullet. However, in fact, only rough classifying was performed, a little construction scrap is recycled and many materials have been disposed by reclamation. In order to raise the rate of recycling of glass, it not only raises the rate of classify at the disassembling, but it is necessity of also processing to a cullet. On a glass plate with adhesion sheet for crime prevention, because the resin ingredient mixes, it is difficult to make it to the cullet. For this reason, it is necessary to develop an effectively technique for crushing and making to cullet of the glass with resin. Then, we are have examined that only glass is crushed using an underwater shock wave, and it easily separated in to the glass and resin.

Ultrathin glass is a promising substrate material for web processing (also called roll-to-roll processing) of flexible electronics, but is highly susceptible to breaking and cracking due to the almost inevitable presence of substrate-edge defects. Recently, a novel technique for removing the micro cracks on the edges of ultrathin glass substrates was devised at ITRI. It amounts to shining a CO2 laser on one edge of a substrate, which induces spontaneous peeling of a thin layer containing preexisting cracks on the edge from the substrate, resulting in an essentially crack-free new substrate edge. Exploiting the thinness of ultrathin glass substrates, here we propose a simplified two-dimensional thermal model for the laser peeling process, and obtain an analytic expression for the transient temperature variation in a substrate being peeled. This enables us to locate the “thermally affected zone” in the substrate, which turns out to be impressively similar in size and shape to the substrate-edge peels observed in experiments. Moreover, a quantitative criterion for the minimum cooling rate required for the progression of the peeling process is obtained. The results here thus provide useful insights into the laser peeling mechanism, and can be used to expedite the optimization of process parameters. Some preliminary purely numerical results using a finite element method (FEM) based software also are briefly discussed here.

BK7/K9 glass is regarded as a difficult-to-machine material due to its high hardness and high brittleness properties as well as high tool wear rate during machining. Facing to these challenges, an efficient and effective rotary ultrasonic machining (RUM) process, consisting of grinding process and ultrasonic machining process, was provided to process BK7/K9 glass. In this investigation, the effects of ultrasonic power on cutting forces, torque, and edge chipping of surface grinding in RUM of BK7/K9 glass were studied. Results showed that, by introducing ultrasonic vibration to surface grinding process, both cutting forces in feeding direction and in axial direction as well as torque values were reduced. The higher the ultrasonic power was, the lower the forces and torque values would be. Edge chipping, which was detrimental to the qualities of machined slots and would cause high machining cost, was significant reduced with the help of ultrasonic vibration.

Abstract Polishing manufactures use abrasives such as diamond or other hard materials to flatten several materials. Generally, diamond abrasive is most popular and it is costly. Although, diamond abrasives are costly, manufacturer have to use it to reduce surface roughness such as high hardness ceramics and others. In the polishing process, it is unpopular to retrieve those abrasives from reservoir of after-using them. Therefore, using diamond abrasives account for majority of processing cost. One of the concept to overcome the cost problem, it is suggested that reducing high-cost diamond abrasives and replacing cheap and soft abrasives can reduce processing-cost. In this study, to reveal the possibility of such two different-sized abrasives polishing process, polishing tests were conducted to unearth an effect of two-hardness-abrasive polishing technique to a glass disk on reducing surface roughness. An average diameter of 127 μm GC, and 1.0 μm diamond abrasive were prepared as concept abrasives. As a result, the arithmetic mean roughness of the glass quickly decreased in the case of using 127 μm GC abrasive with 1.0 μm diamond abrasive compared to only GC or only diamond abrasives.