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1
Wang, Wenjie, Zonglai Mo, Yunpeng Zhang, and Nawawi Chouw. "Dynamic Splitting Tensile Behaviour of Concrete Confined by Natural Flax and Glass FRP." Polymers 14, no. 20 (2022): 4424. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14204424.
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Flax fibre has been used to reinforce concrete composite, but its dynamic properties have not been thoroughly studied. This study investigates the dynamic splitting tensile properties of plain concrete (PC) confined by flax-fibre-reinforced polymer (FFRP) and glass-fibre-reinforced polymer (GFRP). The dynamic splitting tensile tests were carried out on PC, FFRP-PC, and GFRP-PC cylinder specimens by the high-speed servo-hydraulic machine, with the impact-induced strain rates ranging from 0.1 to 58 s⁻1. The effect of the FRP confinement, FRP thickness and strain rate on the dynamic splitting tensile behaviour were assessed. The results indicated that similar confinement effectiveness of FFRP and GFRP is observed. The dynamic tensile strength of 1- and 2-layer FFRP-PC increased by 29% and 67%, and the one- and two-layer GFRP-PC increased by 32% and 84%, respectively. FFRP-PC and GFRP-PC cylinders showed less sensitivity to the strain rate compared with PC. The empirical relationship between the tensile DIF and strain rate for PC, FFRP-PC and GFRP-PC was proposed based on experimental data. The proposed model was developed to predict the dynamic splitting tensile strength. The results suggested the potential of FFRP composites applied into concrete structures under extreme dynamic loadings.
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Qazi, Asad U., Qasim S. Khan, H. Abrar Ahmad, and Thong M. Pham. "Axial Behavior of FRP Confined Concrete Using Locally Available Low-Cost Wraps." Sustainability 14, no. 16 (2022): 9989. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14169989.
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This study investigates the influences of three types of locally available low-cost Fiber Reinforced Polymers (FRP) wraps and two concrete mix designs on the axial behavior of FRP confined concrete. The experimental program comprised four unconfined (control), four glass FRP Matt Strand (GFRP-MS) confined concrete, four glass FRP Rowing (GFRP-R) confined concrete and four carbon FRP (CFRP) confined concrete specimens with a diameter of 150 mm and a height of 300 mm tested under axial compression. The specimens were prepared using two normal strength concrete mix designs, i.e., Mix-A and Mix-B. The experimental results exhibited that an increase in the confined concrete strength per unit cost ratio of a single layer of GFRP-MS was about two times of a single layer of CFRP wrap, whereas the increase in confined concrete strength per unit cost ratio of single layer of GFRP-R was about four times of a single layer of CFRP wrap. GFRP-MS and GFRP-R wraps can exhibit similar confined strengths as CFRP wrap with six and twelve times lower costs, respectively, than CFRP wrap. Mix-B concrete specimens exhibited higher confined concrete strengths but lower confined concrete strain than Mix-A concrete specimens. A database of 140 FRP confined concrete specimens was developed based on a set of specific criteria to develop a design-oriented model to predict the FRP confined concrete strength. The predicted confined concrete strengths matched well with the experimental confined concrete strengths. The two layers of GFRP-R exhibited similar confined concrete strength as CFRP wrap. In addition, GFRP-R exhibited high cement strength index (CSI) and low embodied CO2 index (CI).
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Chen, Chuanxiang, Zhenyu Wang, and Wei Zhou. "Experimental investigation on axial compressive behavior of fiber reinforced polymer-reinforced concrete columns confined with external fiber reinforced polymer jackets." Advances in Structural Engineering 25, no. 1 (2021): 14–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13694332211026225.
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An innovative glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) closed-type winding (GFRP-CW) tie was developed to eliminate the bond slip failure and make full use of the tensile strength of ties compared with conventional pultruded fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) rod ties. Although better confinement effect of GFRP-CW ties, however after spalling of concrete cover, the compressive longitudinal FRP bars in the plastic hinge regions of columns are most likely to crush or buckle. External FRP jackets can effectively restraint damage to concrete cover. Against this background, a novel FRP-reinforced concrete column confined with external FRP jackets and the internal GFRP-CW ties were proposed to prevent the FRP bars from premature buckling or crushing. In this article, twelve square new columns were constructed and tested to characterize the axial compressive behavior. The test parameters included FRP wrapping type (GFRP or carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP)), FRP wrapping layers, and spacing of ties. Test results confirmed that FRP-reinforced concrete columns with external FRP jackets had significantly larger ductile behavior and exhibited higher load-carrying capacity than their counterparts FRP-reinforced concrete columns due to the contribution of longitudinal GFRP bars and the concrete cover. The test results also suggested reasonable spacing of ties and layers of GFRP jackets for an expected moderate confinement behavior.
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Wang, Bachtiar, Yan, Kasal, and Fiore. "Flax, Basalt, E-Glass FRP and Their Hybrid FRP Strengthened Wood Beams: An Experimental Study." Polymers 11, no. 8 (2019): 1255. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11081255.
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In this study, the structural behavior of small-scale wood beams externally strengthened with various fiber strengthened polymer (FRP) composites (i.e., flax FRP (FFRP), basalt FRP (BFRP), E-glass FRP (“E” stands for electrical resistance, GFRP) and their hybrid FRP composites (HFRP) with different fiber configurations) were investigated. FRP strengthened wood specimens were tested under bending and the effects of different fiber materials, thicknesses and the layer arrangements of the FRP on the flexural behavior of strengthened wood beams were discussed. The beams strengthened with flax FRP showed a higher flexural loading capacity in comparison to the beams with basalt FRP. Flax FRP provided a comparable enhancement in the maximum load with beams strengthened with glass FRP at the same number of FRP layers. In addition, all the hybrid FRPs (i.e., a combination of flax, basalt and E-glass FRP) in this study exhibited no significant enhancement in load carrying capacity but larger maximum deflection than the single type of FRP composite. It was also found that the failure modes of FRP strengthened beams changed from tensile failure to FRP debonding as their maximum bending load increased.
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Huang, Jing, Zhuo Bin Wei, and Yi Gao. "Application Research on the New GFRP Members Based Modified Behavior Used in Building." Key Engineering Materials 517 (June 2012): 910–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.517.910.
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Glass fiber reinforced plastics (GFRP) is an immensely versatile material which combines lightweight with inherent strength. For the properties of sustainability, energy efficiency and reduction of CO2 of GFRP, they can be used in green building as a kind of the energy-efficient and environment-friendly material instead of the conventional materials. Based on the less elastic modulus and lower wave-transparent properties of glass fiber reinforced plastics for unsaturated polyester resin (UPR-FRP), a new kind of glass fiber reinforced plastics based modified unsaturated polyester (MUPR-FRP) was put forward. This paper presents material behavior and technical process of the new MUPR-FRP. For the modified property, the MUPR-FRP members may have the well superiority compare with the steel and the concrete materials used in strengthening engineering and special loading resistance.
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Borri, Antonio, Giulio Castori, Marco Corradi, and Romina Sisti. "Ageing Problems of GFRP Grids Used for Masonry Reinforcement." Key Engineering Materials 624 (September 2014): 413–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.624.413.
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In this study, an effort was made to develop an experimental protocol to study the effects of accelerated ageing on GFRP (Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polymer) grids. The physic-mechanical properties of different types of glass FRP grids were investigated. GFRP specimens were subjected to environmental agents including freeze-thaw, high relative humidity, high temperature. Mechanical and physical tests were used to measure the retained properties and to observe the causes of damage and strength reduction. The experimental data showed that resin properties may strongly influence the durability of FRP reinforcement, environmental combined cycles did not take to significant damage of conditioned specimens; GFRP grids are sensitive to alkaline attack when resin does not provide adequate protection to fibers.
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P, Burhana, and Divya KK. "Study on the Shear Capacity of Concrete Beam Reinforced with Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymers Grid Reinforcement." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 7 (2022): 891–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.45350.
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Abstract: Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) composites have been widely used as a high-performance material in concrete structures as replacement of commonly using materials Corrosion of the internal reinforcing steel is the main cause of deterioration in reinforced concrete structures. This steel in reinforced concrete structures has cost a significant amount of resources globally over the past, also expensive as compared to FRP. Glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) bars have been introduced as a light-weight, corrosion resistant FRP material which can be used as replacement for traditional steel reinforcing bars and stirrups in concrete structures. Glass fiber reinforcement polymer (GFRP) bars are also feasible and cost effective FRP products commercially available with significant cost advantage over stainless steel. The aim of this paper is to let engineers gain a better knowledge of the overall behaviour of GFRP as internal reinforcement so that they have more confidence using it as a sustainable material. In this study GFRP is used as longitudinal reinforcement and GFRP grid is used as stirrups A Finite Element (FEM) model has been developed using ANSYS 21 to analyses beams. For these six concrete beams, including one steel reinforced concrete (RC) beam and five beams with GFRP grids laid parallel to longitudinal axis was tested until failure. Parametric study on shear span ratio is conducted in four specimens. Load deflection curve are noted in each specimen analytically by using ANSYS software.
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Djamaluddin, Rudy, Rita Irmawaty, and Arbain Tata. "Flexural Capacity of Reinforced Concrete Beams Strengthened Using GFRP Sheet after Fatigue Loading for Sustainable Construction." Key Engineering Materials 692 (May 2016): 66–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.692.66.
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Fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) has been applied not only for the simple structures but also for the advanced structures such as bridges or highway bridges for sustainable construction. In case of bridges or highway bridges, the structures experience not only static loadings but also fatigue loadings that may limited the serviceability of the bridge structures. In order to extend of the application of FRP on the such bridge structures to have a sustainable structures, the flexural capacity due to fatigue loading should be clarified. Glass composed FRP sheet namely Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastics (GFRP) is most commonly used due to its relatively lower cost compared to the other FRP materials. GFRP sheet is applied externally by bonding it on the concrete surface. Many studies have been done to investigate the flexural capacity of concrete beams strengthened using GFRP sheets. However, studies on the flexural capacity after fatigue loadings are still very rarely. This study presented the results of experimental investigation on the flexural capacity of the strengthened concrete beams after fatigue loadings. A series of concrete beams strengthened with GFRP sheet on extreme tension surface were prepared. Results indicated that after 800000 time of load cycle, the flexural capacity of beams specimens may decrease to only approximately 60%. The beam failed due to delaminating of GFRP sheet.
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Li, Yeou Fong, and Shu Ting Kan. "The Mechanical Behavior of the Hybrid FRP Beam." Advanced Materials Research 365 (October 2011): 119–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.365.119.
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This paper presents the mechanical behaviors of hybrid fiber reinforced plastic (HFRP) composite beams. There are two methods were proposed to increase the stiffness of pultruded glass fiber reinforced plastic (GFRP) beam and change the failure mode. The first method is to infill the epoxy mortar into the GFRP beam. The second method is hand layout the GFRP beam by using carbon fiber with different direction fibers to increase the stiffness of the GFRP beam. Three-point bending test was conducted to obtain the force-displacement relationship, stiffness, failure strength and failure mode of the GFRP beams. The test results show that the stiffness of GFRP beam filled with epoxy mortar is twice larger than GFRP beam.
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Kim, Seungwon, Janghwan Kim, and Cheolwoo Park. "Bond Properties of Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Hybrid Rebar in Reinforced Concrete with Respect to Bond Length." Applied Sciences 14, no. 11 (2024): 4576. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14114576.
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Preventing rebar corrosion in reinforced concrete (RC) structures has been actively researched worldwide. One of the most powerful solutions is the use of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) rebars. However, there are limitations in the mechanical design and construction of FRP rebars because their tensile characteristics are extremely different from those of conventional rebars and they have a different modulus of elasticity. FRP rebars are relatively cost-efficient when fabricated with glass fibers, but they are still costly compared to conventional rebars. Therefore, hybrid rebars fabricated by covering conventional rebars with glass FRP (GFRP) materials were developed in this study. GFRP hybrid rebars have increased durability in marine environments while maintaining the same mechanical properties as conventional rebars. As the difference in rebar diameter of the bonded area decreased, the tensile strength of the concrete increased. As a result, pull-out failure or tensile failure caused by the yielding of the rebars occurred in small-diameter rebars. The experimental results showed that the maximum load for the D13 deformed steel bar was 52.2 kN at a bond length of 50 mm and 76.1 kN at 100 mm, while for the D19 deformed steel bar, it was 65.3 kN at 50 mm and 103.7 kN at 100 mm. The bond properties of hybrid GFRB rebars were found to be lower than those of deformed steel bars. These properties were improved greatly by increasing the thickness of the GFRP materials on the surface of the deformed steel bars, highlighting a path toward high-performance, corrosion-resistant concrete.
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Lee, Jae Ho, Sun Hee Kim, Won Chang Choi, and Soon Jong Yoon. "Pipe Stiffness Prediction of Buried Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer Plastic (GFRP) and Polymer Mortar Pipe." Key Engineering Materials 753 (August 2017): 3–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.753.3.
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Recently, glass fiber reinforced polymer plastic (GFRP) pipes are widely used in the water-supply system because of their advantages such as light-weight, corrosion resistance, etc. In previous study, we present the equation to predict stiffness factor (EI) of GFRP pipe with two tape-winding FRP layers and polymer mortar layer in between two FRP layers. As a result, it was able to predict in the range of -3% to +7%. In addition to previous study, we attempted to predict stiffness factor (EI) of GFRP pipe by the finite element method (MIDAS Civil 2016). From the study it was found that the finite element method can be used to predict the pipe stiffness of GFRP pipe.
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Aziz, F. N. A. A., A. R. Tan, N. B. Bakar, and N. A. M. Nasir. "Properties of concrete with glass fibre reinforced polymer waste as partial replacement of fine aggregate." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2521, no. 1 (2023): 012015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2521/1/012015.
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Abstract The proper disposal of fibre waste products is a significant issue for the GFRP industries; as a result, the reuse and recycling of these waste products require sustainable solutions. Given that FRP materials, especially those created with thermosetting resins, cannot be reprocessed, so the majority of thermosetting FRP waste will be dumped in landfills. Innovative approaches are thus required to manage waste. This study investigates the performance of the FRP waste, known as Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymer (GFRP), that is ground to 0.15mm to 2.36mm in size and used to replace sand at 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% by weight of the concrete composite. The experimental work starts with the grinding and sieving process, followed by preparing grade 45 concrete. Then the workability of concrete with GFRP was determined, followed by the compression, and split tensile strengths. The findings showed that adding up to 5% of GFRP waste as a partial replacement for fine aggregate improved the workability and compressive strength of the concrete mix. but decreases when more GFRP waste is added. While the split tensile strength shows increments in line with the increasing amount of GFRP waste replacement. It can be concluded that GFRP waste replacement has the potential to be used in the construction industry, however, the long-term performance must be determined first.
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Li, Yeou Fong, Tseng Hsing Hsu, and Fu Chr Hsieh. "The Improved Mechanics Behavior of the FRP Deck." Applied Mechanics and Materials 193-194 (August 2012): 1389–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.193-194.1389.
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The objective of this study is to improve the stiffness and control the failure mode of the pultruded glass fiber reinforced polymers (GFRP) deck members to meet the design requirements. In this study, the authors proposed that the GFRP member was affixed by another GFRP deck inside it to form a combined GFRP deck member; an epoxy mortar was filled into some of the hollow sections of the GFRP member; and the basalt/carbon fiber sheets was wrapped around the GFRP member in order to improve the ultimate strength and stiffness and also to change its original failure mode of the GFRP member. Eight GFRP deck specimens where investigated in the three-point bending test results for their ultimate strength, stiffness, and corresponding failure modes. Finally, the Euler beam theory was used to obtain the force-displacement relationships of the GFRP members and then to compare the experimental results.
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Dang Vu, Hiep, and Duy Nguyen Phan. "Experimental and Theoretical Analysis of Cracking Moment of Concrete Beams Reinforced with Hybrid Fiber Reinforced Polymer and Steel Rebars." Advances in Technology Innovation 6, no. 4 (2021): 222–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.46604/aiti.2021.7330.
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This study aims at experimentally and theoretically investigating the cracking moment (Mcrc) of hybrid Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP)/steel Reinforced Concrete (RC) beams. Six hybrid Glass FRP (GFRP)/steel and three GFRP RC beams with various GFRP and steel reinforcement ratios are tested in four-point bending scheme. Experimental results indicate that both GFRP and steel rebars affect Mcrc, but the effect of steel reinforcement is more significant. When the steel reinforcement ratio increases to 1.17%, Mcrc goes up to 15.9%, while the same value for GFRP is only 9.7%. An analytical method is proposed based on the plain section assumption and nonlinear behavior of materials for estimating Mcrc. The proposed model shows a good agreement with the experimental data conducted in this study and collected from the literature. The results of the parametric study give evidence of the positive effects of hybrid reinforcement ratios and elastic modulus of FRP on Mcrc of hybrid RC beams.
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Huang, Jian Wei, and Jonathan Davis. "FE Evaluation of Reinforced Concrete Bridge Decks with Glass-FRP Composite Bars." Key Engineering Materials 723 (December 2016): 776–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.723.776.
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In order to resolve the steel corrosion problem in bridge decks, glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) has been recommended as a substitute to the conventional steel reinforcement in bridge decks. However, the use of GFRP bars in bridge decks is still limited by several concerns, including the long-term durability of GFRP bars in the concrete under sustained loadings. Literature review showed that the tensile strength reduction of the GFRP bar should be governed by the sustained stress level in the GFRP bar. In this regard, a GFRP reinforced concrete deck was simulated in this paper, aiming to investigate the sustained stress levels in the GFRP bars through three dimensional finite element (FE) modeling. Per AASHTO LRFD specifications, one lane loaded and two lane loaded cases were examined to identify the maximum tensile strains in the internal GFRP bars subjected to dead loads and HL-93 design loadings. The FE results showed that the maximum tensile stresses in GFRP bars under service loads were less than 1% of the GFRP design strength, which implied that the GFRP bars could have excellent long-term performance in real concrete bridge decks.
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Zarringol, Mohammadreza, and Mohammadehsan Zarringol. "A Comparative Study on the Efficiency of CFRP and GFRP in the Improvement of Compressive Strength, Acoustic Impedance and Bracing of Filled and Hollow Concrete Columns in Different Layers and Ages." Journal of Sustainable Development 9, no. 5 (2016): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v9n5p110.
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<p>FRP technique is growing in popularity as a modern strengthening method. When it comes to FRP, concrete surface strength plays a determining role in the bond between FRP and concrete. This paper aims to compare the efficiency of CFRP and GFRP in the improvement of compressive strength, acoustic impedance and bracing of filled and hollow concrete columns in different layers and ages. In doing so, we carried out various tests on 18 samples in the ages of 3, 7, 14, 28, 42 and 90 days. According to the results, the strength of un-braced carbon and glass increased by 19-40% and 8-43% respectively and the strength of braced carbon and glass increased by 17-25% and 10-82% respectively. The compressive strength increased by 66% in one-layer CFRP hollow column, 96% in two-layer CFRP hollow column, 123% in three-layer CFRP hollow column, 36% in one-layer GFRP hollow column, 63% in two-layer GFRP hollow column, 105% in three-layer GFRP hollow column, 71% in one-layer CFRP filled column, 138% in two-layer CFRP filled column, 154% in three-layer CFRP filled column, 45% in one-layer GFRP filled column, 79% in two-layer GFRP filled column, and 144% in three-layer GFRP filled column. The ultimate strength of the beams with flexural-shear strengthening was higher than other beams. Also, the increased percentage of fiber resulted in the increased speed of ultrasonic waves. </p>
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Lee, Jung Yoon. "Surface Interaction Studies on Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer Bars." Key Engineering Materials 345-346 (August 2007): 1217–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.345-346.1217.
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The use of fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) bars has been gaining increasing popularity in the civil engineering community due to their favorable properties such as high-strength-to-weight ratio and good corrosion resistance. In order for concrete to be FRP reinforced, there must be interfacial bond between FRP bars and concrete. The interfacial bond behavior of FRP bars to concrete is expected to vary from that of conventional steel bars, since various key parameters that influence bond performance are different. This paper presents the results of an experimental and analytical study on the interfacial surface interaction of glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) bars in high strength concrete cube. The experimental program consisted of testing 54 concrete cubes prepared according to CSA S802-02 standard 1). The split specimens showed that interfacial bond failure of the steel bar occurred due to concrete crushing in front of the bar deformations, while interfacial bond failure of the GFRP bars occurred partly on the surface of the bar and partly in the concrete by peeling of the surface layer of the bar.
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Cunha, Rafael, Kevin Oliveira, Antônio Brito, Camila Vieira, and David Amorim. "Evaluation of the behaviour of reinforced concrete beams repaired with glass fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP) using a damage variable." Frattura ed Integrità Strutturale 15, no. 57 (2021): 82–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3221/igf-esis.57.08.
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The use of fibre reinforced polymers (FRP) for increasing the strength of RC structures became a usual method. FRP presents easy application and demands low space and provide significant strength increase. Usually, the decision for FRP use is made in terms of applied loads and deflections. However, such quantities can vary significantly depending on the characteristics of the structural element e.g. span, effective depth and concrete resistance. Therefore, this paper aims to present an alternative control variable to analyse the behaviour of RC beams repaired with glass fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP), called damage. Such damage variable accounts for concrete cracking and it was experimentally measured before and after the application of GFRP. Note that the application of GFRP increased the ultimate load for all repaired beams. The damage values of such beams also increased when collapse was reached. Furthermore, it was observed that the collapse mechanism shifted to shear and did not occurred the failure of the GFRP.
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Reddy, R. Venkata Suraj, V. Srinivasa Reddy, M. V. Seshagiri Rao, S. Shrihari, Sokaina Issa Kadhim, and Monisha Awasthi. "Design of concrete beam reinforced with GFRP bars as per ACI codal provisions." E3S Web of Conferences 391 (2023): 01213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202339101213.
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This document provides design principles for concrete beams reinforced with glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) bars per the ACI 440.1R-15 regulation. One of the main advantages of using glass fiber reinforced polymer rods instead of traditional steel reinforced rods is their lighter weight and higher corrosion resistance. However, the bending failure mode of FRP reinforced concrete (FRP-RC) beams is brittle rather than ductile because the elasticity of fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) bars is linear until failure and the elongation at break is small. For FRP-RC elements, concrete crushing compression failure, which gives various warnings before failure, is the preferred failure mode. In other words, unlike the usual design practice for reinforced concrete (steel-RC) beams, for FRP-RC beams, an over-reinforced structure is preferable to an under-reinforced structure. In addition, since the FRP RC member has low rigidity of the FRP rod, it bends more and cracks larger than the steel RC member. These factors limit the field of application of FRP. Here is a design example of a rectangular beam with tension reinforcement according to ACI regulations.
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Djamaluddin, Rudy, Hijriah, Rita Irmawati, Faharuddin, and Rossy T. Wahyuningsih. "Delamination mechanism of GFRP sheet bonded on the reinforced concrete beams." MATEC Web of Conferences 258 (2019): 03009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201925803009.
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Fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) has been developed to be applied for a strengthening of the deteriorated structures. In the form of a sheet, the FRP may be applied for the strengthening of the structures by bonding it to the concrete surface. Glass composed FRP (GFRP) sheet is most commonly used due to its relatively lower cost compared to the other FRP materials. GFRP sheet is applied externally by bonding it on the concrete surface. The strengthened structures should be monitored periodically to ensure the health of the strengthened structures. Regarding the development of monitoring system of the strengthened structure, it is important to study the delamination phenomenon of the bonded GFRP. Therefore the delamination mechanism is important to be clarified. Many studies have been done to investigate the bonding characteristics of GFRP sheet under direct tensile loading. However, the studies on the bonding characteristics of GFRP sheet on the strengthened beams due to flexural loadings are still limited. A series of concrete beams strengthened with GFRP sheet on extreme tension surface were prepared. The beam specimens ware loaded under four-point bending test gradually up to the ultimate capacity. Results indicated that prior to final delamination, a local delamination occurred which was indicated by the suddenly decreasing of an applied load. The delamination of the GFRP sheet may be initiated by the flexural cracks occurred on the beams.
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Dong, Jiang Feng, Dong He, Shu Cheng Yuan, and Qing Yuan Wang. "Shear Behaviour of RC Beams Strengthened with FRP Materials." Advanced Materials Research 463-464 (February 2012): 249–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.463-464.249.
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This paper reports the results of a research work aimed at examining the use of externally bonded of fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) sheets, consisting of carbon FRP (CFRP) and glass FRP (GFRP), as a strengthening solution to upgrade the shear capacities of reinforced concrete (RC) beams. A total of 7 RC beams were constructed and tested under four-point bending, i.e. two reference beams with different concrete strength and without any FRP sheets, one beam reinforced by GFRP sheets and four beams reinforced by CFRP sheets. Externally bonded FRP shear strengthening was found very effective in upgrading the shear strength of the beams strengthened. The shear strengths of RC beams strengthened were improved greatly by FRP sheets, and the strength gain caused by the FRP sheets was in the range of 31-74%. Test results also show that the more ductile behaviour and higher ultimate strength are obtained for the beams with FRP shear strengthening by using high concrete strength.
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Deng, Xiaoqi, Song Tang, Jinyu Tang, Shutong Liu, and Shutong Yang. "Experimental Study of the Flexural Performance of GFRP-Reinforced Seawater Sea Sand Concrete Beams with Built-In GFRP Tubes." Materials 17, no. 13 (2024): 3221. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma17133221.
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The use of seawater sea sand concrete (SSSC) and fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) has broad application prospect in island and coastal areas. However, the elastic modulus of FRP reinforcement is obviously lower than that of ordinary steel reinforcement, and the properties of SSSC are different from that of ordinary concrete, which results in a limit in the bearing capacity and stiffness of structures. In order to improve the flexural performance of FRP-reinforced SSSC beams, a novel SSSC beam with built-in glass FRP (GFRP) tubes was proposed in this study. Referring to many large-scale beam experiments, one specimen was used for one situation to illustrate the study considering costs and feasibility. Firstly, flexural performance tests of SSSC beams with GFRP tubes were conducted. Then, the effects of the GFRP tubes’ height, the strength grades of concrete inside and outside the GFRP tubes, and the GFRP reinforcement ratio on the flexural behaviors of the beams were investigated. In addition, the concept of capacity reserve was proposed to assess the ductility of the beams, and the interaction between the concrete outside the GFRP tube, the GFRP tube and concrete inside the tube was discussed. Finally, the formulas for the normal section bearing capacity of beams with built-in GFRP tubes were derived and verified. Compared to the beam without GFRP tubes, under the same conditions, the ultimate bearing capacities of the SSSC beam with 80 mm, 100, and 200 mm height GFRP tubes were increased by 17.67 kN, 24.52 kN, and 144.42 kN, respectively.
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Guedaoura, Hamda, Yazid Hadidane, and Mohammed J. Altaee. "Numerical investigation on strengthening steel beams with web openings using GFRP." Frattura ed Integrità Strutturale 16, no. 62 (2022): 26–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3221/igf-esis.62.03.
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This study presents the first investigation into the use of glass fiber reinforced polymer GFRP to strengthen steel beams with web openings. Based on previous research about the strengthening of steel beams with web perforation using carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) conducted by one of the contributing authors of this paper, it was decided to investigate the ability of pultruded glass fiber reinforced polymer, which is less expensive than CFRP materials, to strengthen single rectangular web openings of steel beams. The previous published experimental test was used to validate the proposed numerical model developed with the finite element software ABAQUS, capable of acquiring important phenomena such as debonding between FRP and steel material. The validated simulation was then used to operate a parametric study involving four proposed GFRP strengthening techniques and three distinct pultruded GFRP product thicknesses to reinforce the same steel beam used in the earlier experimental test, having a single rectangular opening shape in two separate positions along the span. From these numerical models, an adequate GFRP strengthening arrangement was found and the possibility of using low-modulus FRP materials rather than the more expensive high-modulus FRP materials for strengthening steel beams with web penetration was confirmed.
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Duarte, Isabela Oliveira, Nadia Cazarim da Silva Forti, Lia Lorena Pimentel, and Ana Elisabete Paganelli Guimarães de Avila Jacintho. "A Study of the Shear Behavior of Concrete Beams with Synthetic Fibers Reinforced with Glass and Basalt Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Bars." Buildings 14, no. 7 (2024): 2123. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings14072123.
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The use of synthetic materials with high corrosion resistance in a concrete matrix yields structures that are more durable and suitable for use in aggressive environments, eliminating the need for frequent maintenance. Examples of such materials include glass (GFRP) and basalt (BFRP) fiber-reinforced polymer bars (FRP). Due to the low modulus of elasticity of these bars, concrete elements reinforced with FRP longitudinal rebars tend to exhibit cracks with wider openings and greater depths compared to those reinforced with steel rebars, which diminishes the element’s shear resistance. The addition of discontinuous fibers into the concrete aims to maintain stress transfer across the cracks, thereby enhancing the shear capacity and ductility of FRP-reinforced structures. This study evaluates the impact of fiber addition on the shear resistance of concrete beams reinforced with FRP rebars. An experimental investigation was conducted, focusing on the partial and complete substitution of stirrups with polypropylene macro fibers in concrete beams reinforced with FRP longitudinal rebars and stirrups. This research examined beams reinforced with glass (GFRP) and basalt (BFRP) fiber-reinforced polymer bars. For the initial set of beams, all stirrups were replaced with synthetic macro fibers. In the subsequent set, macro fibers were added to beams with insufficient stirrups. Although the complete replacement of GFRP and BFRP stirrups with polypropylene macro fibers did not alter the brittle shear failure mode, it did enhance the shear resistance capacity by 78.5% for GFRP-reinforced beams and 60.4% for BFRP-reinforced beams. Furthermore, the addition of macro fibers to beams with insufficient stirrups, characterized by excessive spacing, changed the failure mode from brittle shear to pseudo-ductile flexural failure due to concrete crushing. In such instances, the failure load increased by 18.8% for beams with GFRP bars and 22.8% for beams with BFRP bars.
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Chin, Won Jong, Young Hwan Park, Jeong-Rae Cho, Jin-Young Lee, and Young-Soo Yoon. "Flexural Behavior of a Precast Concrete Deck Connected with Headed GFRP Rebars and UHPC." Materials 13, no. 3 (2020): 604. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13030604.
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Steel bent reinforcing bars (rebars) are widely used to provide adequate anchorage. Bent fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) rebars are rarely used because of the difficulty faced during the bending process of the FRP rebars at the construction site. Additionally, the bending process may cause a significant decrease in the structural performance of the FRP rebars. Therefore, to overcome these drawbacks, a headed glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) rebar was developed in this study. The pull-out tests of the headed GFRP rebars with diameters of 16 and 19 mm were conducted to evaluate their bond properties in various cementitious materials. Moreover, structural flexural tests were conducted on seven precast concrete decks connected with the headed GFRP rebars and various cementitious fillers to estimate the flexural behavior of the connected decks. The results demonstrate that the concrete decks connected with the headed GFRP rebar and ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) exhibited improved flexural performance.
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Xue, Wei Chen, and Kai Fu. "Experimental Research on Interlaminal Shear Strength of GFRP Bridge Decks under Simulated Concrete Environment." Key Engineering Materials 525-526 (November 2012): 249–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.525-526.249.
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Fiber reinforced plastic (FRP) composite which has high strength, high fatigue resistance, low density, and better corrosion resistances is desirable characteristics for bridge applications, especially decks. According to the ACI 440.3R04, Glass fiber reinforced plastic (GFRP) bridge deck samples were immersed into the simulated concrete environment at 60 for 92d (corresponds to the natural environment 25 years). The results show that, with the time increased, the interlaminal shear strength of GFRP bridge decks decreased significantly. After being exposed to the simulated concrete environment for 3.65d, 18d, 36.5d and 92d, the interlaminal shear strength degradation of GFRP bridge decks were 18.69%, 25.90%, 50.93% and 53.74%, respectively. The micro-formation of the GFRP bridge deck sample surface was surveyed under scanning electron microscopy (SEM), which indicated that with the aging time increased, corrosion pits in the surface of GFRP bridge decks became more obviously and the interface between fiber and resin was severely damaged. Therefore, the degradation of FRP under the simulated concrete environment should be considered in the design of FRP bridge decks.
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Šenšelová, Žaneta, Viktor Borzovič, and Jaroslav Baran. "Parametric Study of Concrete Members with GFRP Reinforcement Subjected to Bending and Axial Force." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1203, no. 2 (2021): 022130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1203/2/022130.
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Abstract The paper deals with the possible replacement of steel reinforcement by GFRP reinforcement for concrete elements subjected to bending moment and compressive axial force. For the last 15 years, Fibre Reinforced Polymer (FRP) bars became more popular and commercially available as reinforcement for concrete elements. Composite FRP materials are still new in construction and many engineers are not familiar with their properties and behaviour. FRP has certain advantages over steel reinforcement. It is a durable material that is not subject to corrosion, does not conduct heat, is an electrical insulator and conducts electrical current, and is non-magnetic. In contrast, FRP also has certain deficiencies such as sensitivity to higher temperatures, alkaline environments, and reduction of mechanical properties at high levels of long-term stress. In the case of FRP reinforcements, the plastic branch is missing in the σ-ε diagrams, what leads to a sudden failure of the reinforced concrete element, either by tensile rupture of the reinforcement or by crushing the concrete. The most used FRP reinforcement is made of glass fibres - GFRP reinforcement. The paper deals with the possible replacement of steel reinforcement by GFRP reinforcement for slab and beam elements. The text describes a parametric study for different reinforcement ratio with GFRP reinforcement and steel reinforcement. The study is performed for a cross-section of 500x500 mm for a column element and a cross-section of 1000x250 mm for a slab element. The effect of longitudinal GFRP reinforcement in elements under compression was investigated. The study contains a comparison of interaction P-M diagrams of concrete elements with steel and GFRP reinforcement. For design of GFRP reinforced concrete elements, it is necessary to consider different material characteristics such as tensile strength and modulus of elasticity. The contribution of the GFRP reinforcement in compression was neglected due to the anisotropic nature of the GFRP reinforcement and the low modulus of elasticity. The main reference basis for the elaboration of a parametric study is the fib Bulletin No. 40.
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Shi, Jian, Shougo Wada, Kiyosi Kemmochi, and Li Min Bao. "Development of Recycling System for Fiber-Reinforced Plastics by Superheated Steam." Key Engineering Materials 464 (January 2011): 414–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.464.414.
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A recycling system was developed for the treatment of fiber-reinforced plastics (FRP) by superheated steam. The process was shown to be robust, coping with scrap of FRP and providing useful outputs in the form of recovered fibers and resin. In this study, glass FRP (GFRP) was decomposed at a chamber temperature above 370°C. Fibers were collected at purities of up to 80%. The tensile strength of recovered glass fibers was reduced by up to 50% although this depended on the temperature of treatment. Resin was separated from the gas stream by cooling it to liquefaction temperature of resin.
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Malla, Pranit, Seyed Saman Khedmatgozar Dolati, Jesus D. Ortiz, Armin B. Mehrabi, Antonio Nanni, and Kien Dinh. "Feasibility of Conventional Non-Destructive Testing Methods in Detecting Embedded FRP Reinforcements." Applied Sciences 13, no. 7 (2023): 4399. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13074399.
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Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (FRP) bars/strands are the most promising alternative to their steel counterparts for reinforcing concrete elements due to their resistance to corrosion, lighter weight, higher strength and better durability. However, very limited research has been conducted in relation to non-destructive testing (NDT) methods that are applicable to damage detection in FRP bars or the detection of FRP reinforcements embedded in concrete. The ability to assess the condition of the relatively new and unique FRP reinforcements will increase the confidence of the construction industry in their use as a reliable substitute for steel reinforcements. This paper investigates the ability of two of the most commonly used NDT methods, Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) and Phased Array Ultrasonic (PAU), in detecting FRP bars/strands embedded in concrete elements. GPR and PAU tests were performed on two slab specimens reinforced with GFRP (Glass-FRP) bars, the most commonly used FRP bar, with variations in their depth, size and configuration, and a slab specimen with different types of available FRP reinforcements. The results show that GPR devices can detect GFRP bars/strands and CFRP (Carbon-FRP) strands to some extent, and their detectability increases with the increase in their antenna center frequency. On the contrary, PAU is only capable of detecting GFRP and CFRP strands. The results of this paper also emphasize the need for further research and developments related to NDT applications to embedded FRP bars.
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Elsadany, Rasha, Sherif H. Al-Tersawy, and Hossam El-Din M. Sallam. "Effect of reinforcement type on structural behavior of RC beams containing recycled aggregate." Frattura ed Integrità Strutturale 16, no. 61 (2022): 294–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.3221/igf-esis.61.20.
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Concrete containing wastes from the demolition of old deteriorated buildings are produced enormously. Concrete is a brittle matrix that is usually reinforced by ductile reinforcement such as steel bars. However, due to the susceptibility of steel to corrosion, fiber-reinforced polymers (FRP) bars are used as an alternative reinforcement. The main drawback of FRP bars is their brittleness. These two types of reinforcements, i.e. steel and glass FRP (GFRP) bars, have been used in the present work. The flexural behavior of twelve RC beams reinforced with different ratios of GFRP or steel areas containing recycled aggregate has been experimentally studied and compared with beams without recycled aggregate. The present results show that beams reinforced with GFRP and containing recycled aggregate exhibit a lower load-carrying capacity, lower first crack, and higher deflection than all beams. All GFRP RC beams exhibited brittle failure, i.e., concrete crushing in the compression zone, except one beam, with 2f16 bars and concrete without recycled aggregate, which showed catastrophic failure, i.e., the rupture in GFRP bars. However, the ductile failure mode is observed for all beams reinforced with steel bars, i.e., yielding in steel bars followed by concrete crushing
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S. Syed Ibrahim, S. Eswari, and T. Sundararajan. "Experimental Investigation on FRC Beams Strengthened with GFRP Laminates." Electronic Journal of Structural Engineering 15 (June 1, 2015): 55–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.56748/ejse.15202.
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The external bonding of fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) to reinforced concrete (RC) members has become a popular method of retrofitting/strengthening concrete structures in recent years. Extensive research has been conducted pertaining to RC beams strengthened with FRP laminates. However, the experimental studies on fibre reinforced concrete (FRC) beams strengthened using externally bonded FRP system are limited. The purpose of this research is to investigate the behaviour of steel fibre reinforced concrete (SFRC) beams strengthened with glass fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP) laminates. The beam specimens were incorporated with 1.0% volume fraction of short-steel fibres randomly distributed throughout the section. The beam cross-section was 150 mm wide and 250 mm deep and to a length of 3000 mm. All the beams were tested until failure. The study parameters of this investigation included service load, ultimate load, ductility, crack width and failure modes. Beams tested for this investigation consisted of reference (RC) beam, GFRP laminated RC beam, SFRC beam, and GFRP laminated SFRC beam. The test results showed that the SFRC beams strengthened with GFRP laminates exhibited better performance.
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Baša, Nikola, Nataša Kopitović Vuković, Mladen Ulićević, and Mladen Muhadinović. "Effects of Internal Force Redistribution on the Limit States of Continuous Beams with GFRP Reinforcement." Applied Sciences 10, no. 11 (2020): 3973. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10113973.
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Fiber-reinforced polymers (FRP) are commonly used as internal reinforcement in RC structures in aggressive environments. The design of concrete elements reinforced with FRP bars is usually ruled by serviceability criteria rather than the ultimate limit state. Six continuous concrete beams over two spans with longitudinal and transverse glass FRP (GFRP) reinforcement were investigated until failure to estimate the effects of different reinforcement arrangements on the limit states of continuous beams. The ratio of longitudinal reinforcement between the midspan and middle support sections (i.e., the design moment redistribution) and the type of GFRP reinforcement were the main parameters. The experimental results were compared to prediction models and other code formulations under serviceability and ultimate limit states. The bond-dependent coefficient kb was investigated to assess adhesion conditions for GFRP reinforcement and concrete. The results showed that moment redistribution in continuous beams with GFRP reinforcement happens with slippage between the reinforcement and concrete in the middle support without the load capacity being reduced. A modified model was suggested for better deflection prediction of continuous beams reinforced with GFRP bars. Based on deformability factors, the tested continuous beams, although containing GFRP reinforcement that has brittle behavior, showed a certain kind of ductile behavior.
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Dong, Chen Song. "Experimental Study on Strengthening of Steel Structures with Fiber Reinforced Plastic." Advanced Materials Research 275 (July 2011): 239–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.275.239.
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An experimental study on the strengthening of steel structures with FRP (Fiber Reinforced Plastic) is presented in this paper. Test coupons were prepared by applying FRP patches on both sides of steel coupons. Standard tensile tests were conducted to the test coupons. Two types of CFRP (Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic) and one type of GFRP (Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastic) were studied. The load and strain data were recorded, and the stiffness and strength were derived. The results show that CFRP provides better strengthening than GFRP, but there is no significant difference between PAN graphite/epoxy and pitch graphite/epoxy laminates.
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Kumar, Chandan. "A Review on Strengthening of Reinforced Concrete using Rectangular Beams, Tee Beams, and Rectangular and T- Beams with Web Opening." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 13, no. 5 (2025): 5654–58. https://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2025.71466.
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In this study focuses on the review of strengthening structurally deficient reinforced concrete (RC) T-beams using externally bonded glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) sheets. Rehabilitation of RC structures is essential due to aging, corrosion, construction defects, increased service demands, and seismic vulnerabilities. Among various beam configurations, Tbeams are widely used in buildings and bridges, with shear failure being particularly catastrophic due to its sudden nature. Externally bonded FRP has emerged as a promising strengthening solution due to its high strength-to-weight ratio, corrosion resistance, and ease of installation. This research involved testing eleven full-scale RC T-beams under symmetrical four-point static loading to assess shear performance and failure modes. Key variables included the presence of steel stirrups, shear spanto-depth ratios, and the quantity of GFRP used. The results demonstrated a notable improvement in shear capacity with GFRP application. However, failure typically began with debonding of the FRP sheets, followed by brittle shear collapse. To address this issue and ensure full utilization of FRP strength, an innovative anchorage technique using GFRP plates was introduced, effectively preventing premature debonding. This method offers a more efficient, cost-effective alternative to traditional strengthening approaches and highlights the potential of FRP composites in structural rehabilitation.
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Pang, Miao, Zhangxiang Li, and Tiejiong Lou. "Numerical Study of Using FRP and Steel Rebars in Simply Supported Prestressed Concrete Beams with External FRP Tendons." Polymers 12, no. 12 (2020): 2773. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12122773.
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This study aimed at examining the feasibility of using fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) rebars instead of steel ones in prestressed concrete beams (PCBs) with external FRP tendons. By applying an experimentally validated program, numerical tests were performed on simply supported PCBs, with investigated variables including rebars’ type and area. Three types of rebars were considered, i.e., carbon, glass FRPs (CFRP, GFRP), and reinforcing steel. The ratio of tensile rebars ranged from 0.22% to 2.16%. The results indicated that the beams with CFRP rebars exhibited better crack mode and higher ultimate load than the beams with GFRP or steel rebars. GFRP rebars led to considerably higher ultimate deflection and tendon stress increment than steel rebars. In addition, several models for calculating the ultimate stress in unbonded tendons were assessed. An analytical model was also proposed to predict the tendon stress at ultimate and flexural strength in externally PCBs with steel and FRP rebars. The model predictions agreed well with the numerical results.
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Hopartean, George, Ted Donchev, Diana Petkova, Costas Georgopoulos, Mukesh Limbachiya, and Noel Parnada. "Experimental testing of medium scale GFRP reinforced concrete frames." MATEC Web of Conferences 289 (2019): 04004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201928904004.
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Fibre reinforced polymers (FRP) have been used as strengthening for existing RC structures for many decades. Lately, there has been a lot of interest in using FRP as internal reinforcement in beams, slabs and columns. One potential area of application could be reinforced concrete frames internally reinforced with GFRP bars. With limited research in this direction, the objective of this publication is to assess the behaviour of glass FRP (GFRP) reinforced concrete frames under reversed cyclic lateral in plane loading and to analyse the seismic performances of such elements. For the purpose of this paper, experimental testing of two 1/3 scaled down frames is conducted in displacement-controlled mode with the loading history according to ACI 374.1-05. The control sample is reinforced with conventional steel reinforcement and the results obtained are compared with the sample reinforced with GFRP bars. In summary, observations on the sample behaviour at specified drift ratio such as load-displacement behaviour, envelope curves and energy dissipation are presented.
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AlNajmi, Laith, and Farid Abed. "Evaluation of FRP Bars under Compression and Their Performance in RC Columns." Materials 13, no. 20 (2020): 4541. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13204541.
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The behavior of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) bars under compression is not fully understood yet due to the limited research in this area. However, the long-term durability, weathering resistance, and exceptional mechanical properties of FRP bars justify the need for their use in compression members. The main objectives of this study are to evaluate the mechanical properties of glass FRP (GFRP) and basalt FRP (BFRP) bars under compression and examine their performances as main longitudinal reinforcements in reinforced concrete (RC) columns. In the first part of this research, a series of static compression tests were conducted on GFRP and BFRP bars of different diameters. The second part of this research numerically investigated the behavior of FRP-RC columns under concentric and eccentric loading using the mechanical properties of the FRP bars obtained experimentally. Nonlinear finite element models were developed to simulate the compressive behavior of the concrete columns reinforced with GFRP and BFRP bars. The FE models were verified with the experimental results conducted previously. The verified FE models are then utilized to conduct a parametric analysis considering two different column geometries and cross-sections, five reinforcement ratios, two concrete compressive strengths, three types of ties materials, and several loading eccentricities to develop a set of interaction diagrams that may provide valuable data for design purposes. The results indicated that the FRP bars could have a significant contribution to the overall capacity of FRP-RC columns by up to 35% of the total force at failure, depending on the reinforcement ratio. The performance of both the GFRP- and BFRP-RC columns was almost similar in terms of capacity, deflection, and bar strength contribution.
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El-Gamal, Dr Sherif, Abdulrahman M. Al-Fahdi, Mohammed Meddah, Abdullah Al-Saidy, and Kazi Md Abu Sohel. "FLEXURAL BEHAVIOR OF FRP BARS AFTER BEING EXPOSED TO ELEVATED TEMPERATURES." Journal of Engineering Research [TJER] 18, no. 1 (2021): 12–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.53540/tjer.vol18iss1pp12-19.
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This research study investigates the flexural behavior of fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) bars after being subjected to different levels of elevated temperatures (100, 200 and 300°C). Three types of glass FRP bars (ribbed, sand coated, and helically wrapped) and one type of carbon FRP bars (sand coated) were used in this study. Two testing scenarios were used: a) testing specimens immediately after heating and b) keeping specimens to cool down before testing. Test results showed that as the temperature increased the flexural strength and modulus of the tested FRP bars decreased. At temperatures higher than the glass transition temperature (Tg), significant flexural strength and modulus losses were recorded. Smaller diameter bars showed better residual flexural strength and modulus than larger diameter bars. The immediately tested bars showed significant strength and modulus losses compared to bars tested after cooling. Different types of GFRP bars showed comparable results. However, the helically wrapped bars showed the highest flexural strength losses (37 and 60%) while the sand coated bars showed the lowest losses (29 and 39%) after exposure to 200 and 300℃, respectively. The carbon FRP bars showed residual flexural strengths comparable to those recorded for the GFRP bars; however, they showed lower residual flexural modulus after being subjected to 200 and 300℃.
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Sim, Jong Sung, Cheol Woo Park, and Min Kwan Ju. "Flexural Failure Analysis of Concrete Beams Reinforced with Newly Developed Deformed GFRP Bars." Key Engineering Materials 324-325 (November 2006): 591–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.324-325.591.
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Traditional concrete structures with steel reinforcing bars shall gradually deteriorate owing to external loadings and environmental attacks. Fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) is one of the most attractive alternative material for steel since it provides excellent tensile strength and much higher corrosion resistance as well as lower self-weight. This study utilized a newly developed FRP rebar that uses glass fibers in core and chopped glass fibers to make rips on the surface of rebar. Flexural test was performed on concrete beam specimens reinforced with the developed GFRP rebar at various reinforcement ratios. The stiffness of the beams reinforced with GFRP was lower than those with steel rebar. The ultimate strength, however, was improved by using the GFRP rather than the steel rebar. The rip-shaped surface provided better bonding between the GFRP rods and concrete and no significant slip/debonding was observed. In addition, the load and deflection increased gradually until the complete failure without apparent yielding. The current equations for estimating the ultimate moment was too conservative by underestimating values. However, as the reinforcement ratio increased, the difference calculated values became closer to the measured.
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Subramanian, Nagajothi, Elavenil Solaiyan, Angalaeswari Sendrayaperumal, and Natrayan Lakshmaiya. "Flexural behaviour of geopolymer concrete beams reinforced with BFRP and GFRP polymer composites." Advances in Structural Engineering 25, no. 5 (2022): 954–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13694332211054229.
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The paper presents the experimental investigations on the flexural behaviour of geopolymer concrete beams reinforced with Basalt Fibre Reinforced Polymer (BFRP)/Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) rebars and the effect of inclusion of the new adhesively bonded BFRP/GFRP stirrups. M30 grade geopolymer and conventional concrete beams with the dimension of 100 × 160 × 1700 mm were cast to investigae the flexural behaviour of BFRP/GFRP and steel bars. This study also examined the mode of failure, deflection behaviour, curvature moment capacity, crack width, pattern, propagation, strains and average crack width of the BFRP/GFRP bars with stirrups in the geopolymer concretes using a four-point static bending test. The results were compared to that of conventional steel-reinforced concrete, and it was found that the Basalt and Glass reinforced polymer beams demonstrated premature failure and sudden shear failure. Further, the FRP bars exhibited higher mid-span deflection, crack width and crack propagation than steel bars. Crack spacing of the FRP bars decreased with an increase in the number of cracks. The correlation between the load and the deflection behaviour of the beams was determined using statistical analysis of multi variables regression.
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Bertram, Lukas, Michael Brink, and Walter Lang. "Wireless, Material-Integrated Sensors for Strain and Temperature Measurement in Glass Fibre Reinforced Composites." Sensors 23, no. 14 (2023): 6375. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23146375.
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Fiber reinforced plastics (FRP) offer huge potentials for energy efficient applications. Special care must be taken during both FRP fabrication and usage to ensure intended material properties and behavior. This paper presents a novel approach for the monitoring of the strain and temperature of glass fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP) materials in the context of both production process monitoring and structural health monitoring (SHM) applications. The sensor is designed to be integrated into GFRPs during the production process, and the sensor concept includes possibilities of automated placement during textile layup. To minimize sensor impact on GFRP integrity and to simplify vacuum setup and part handling, the sensor operates without the need for either wires or a battery. In the first sections of this work, sensor concept, design and prototype fabrication are presented. Subsequently, it is shown how the sensors can be used for flow front monitoring and cure estimation during GFRP production by measuring local resin temperature. The resulting specimens are then characterized regarding strain measurement capabilities, mechanical influence on the host component and overall system limitations. Average strain sensor accuracy is found to be ≤0.06 mm/m, while a maximum operation temperature of 126.9 °C and a maximum reading distance of 38 mm are measured. Based on a limited number of bending tests, no negative influence of sensor presence on breaking strength could be found. Possible applications include structural components, e.g., wind turbine blades or boat hulls.
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Poonam.c.chavan, *1 Dr C.P.Pise 2. Prof. Y.P.Pawar2 Prof. S.S. Kadam3. "STRENGTHENING OF REINFORCED CONCRETE DEEP BEAM USING FRP WRAPPING." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES & RESEARCH TECHNOLOGY 6, no. 11 (2017): 347–58. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1050264.
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This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation on shear strength enhancement of reinforced concrete deep beams externally reinforced with fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composites. A total of sixteen deep beam specimens of size 150x350mm and 700mm long were cast. Eight beams of Set-I for Glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) out of eight one as control beam and seven as retrofitted using Glass fiber reinforced concrete and Eight beams of Set-II one as control beam and seven retrofitted using Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) as an external reinforcement is used extensively to address the strength requirements related to flexure and shear in structural systems. Two composite systems namely glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) and carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) were used for retrofit evaluation. A comparative study of the experimental results using FEA software ANSYS and identify the influencing factors on the shear behavior of FRP strengthened reinforced concrete deep beams. Experimental results indicated that substantial increase in ultimate strength of strengthened beams as compared to the control beam specimen. The shear span-to-depth ratio (L/d) is an important factor that actively controls the shear failure mode of beam and consequently influences on the shear strength enhancement. Glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) and Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) as an external reinforcement is used extensively to address the strength requirements related to flexure and shear in structural systems.
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Ma, Ming Lei, Gui Ling Wang, Dong Mei Miao, and Gui Jun Xian. "A Review on Engineering Application of FRP Material: Case Study and Practice." Advanced Materials Research 800 (September 2013): 308–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.800.308.
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t is a familiar truth for engineers in the 21st century that FRP (Fiber reinforced polymer) is getting widely used in civil engineering. FRP is light-weight and high strength, so most of the tensile structure and bending structure can be substituted with FRP. Though the application is becoming wider and wider for FRP products, the durability is still in concern for the engineering properties in the future. This article proposed a review of the GFRP (glass fiber reinforced polymer) concrete, and a brief introduction of the application in the right now China construction Projects.
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Brózda, Kinga, Jacek Selejdak, and Peter Koteš. "The GFRP profiles as stay-in-place formwork." E3S Web of Conferences 49 (2018): 00008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184900008.
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The GFRP (Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymers) materials are characterized by good mechanical properties and very high corrosion resistance. Currently the GFRP profiles in the form of modular structural elements are used as so called decking systems. However, the last researches concern the possibility of using the modular FRP profiles as a stay-in-place (SIP) formwork. In this article the conception of the shape and cross-sectional dimensions selection of the FRP profile was attempted. The conception applies to the prototype of the GFRP profile, which is able to use as a self-supporting formwork in composite slab in building structures on floors or as the deck in composite bridge structures. On the basis of theoretical and practical studies available in the literature, the theoretical evaluation of the composite element were done.
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Isuru, Sanjaya Kumara Wijayawardane, and Hiroshi Mutsuyoshi. "High Corrosion Resistant GFRP-UFC Composite Beams for Short Span Pedestrian Bridges." Key Engineering Materials 711 (September 2016): 759–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.711.759.
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This paper describes the development of high corrosion resistant glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) and ultra-high strength fiber reinforced concrete (UFC) composite beams for construction of short span pedestrian bridges. The main advantage of these composite beams is, they can be used in corrosive environments at a low maintenance cost. The UFC slab is consisted of precast segments and those segments were connected to the GFRP I-beam top flange using FRP bolts and epoxy adhesive. Large-scale four point bending tests were carried out in order to select the suitable FRP bolt parameters for the composite beam. The experiment results revealed that the FRP bolts can be used instead of the steel bolts, as the shear connectors in the GFRP and UFC composite beams. The composite beams having non-headed FRP bolts exhibited better flexural capacity compared to the beams with FRP headed-bolts. Fiber model analysis was carried out on the composite beams and there was a good agreement between the analysis and experiment results. The experiment results were used to construct a short span pedestrian bridge in Miyagi prefecture, Japan. The static loading tests were carried out on that bridge for three loading types. The short span bridge showed acceptable performance in the loading tests.
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Qureshi, Jawed. "A Review of Recycling Methods for Fibre Reinforced Polymer Composites." Sustainability 14, no. 24 (2022): 16855. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142416855.
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This paper presents a review of waste disposal methods for fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) materials. The methods range from waste minimisation, repurposing, reusing, recycling, incineration, and co-processing in a cement plant to dumping in a landfill. Their strength, limitations, and key points of attention are discussed. Both glass and carbon fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP and CFRP) waste management strategies are critically reviewed. The energy demand and cost of FRP waste disposal routes are also discussed. Landfill and co-incineration are the most common and cheapest techniques to discard FRP scrap. Three main recycling pathways, including mechanical, thermal, and chemical recycling, are reviewed. Chemical recycling is the most energy-intensive and costly route. Mechanical recycling is only suitable for GFRP waste, and it has actually been used at an industrial scale by GFRP manufacturers. Chemical and thermal recycling routes are more appropriate for reclaiming carbon fibres from CFRP, where the value of reclaimed fibres is more than the cost of the recycling process. Discarding FRP waste in a sustainable manner presents a major challenge in a circular economy. With strict legislation on landfill and other environmental limits, recycling, reusing, and repurposing FRP composites will be at the forefront of sustainable waste-management strategies in the future.
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Tao, Xianghua, Tiezheng Guan, Xindong Lu, and Pu Zhang. "Experimental Studies on Shear Behavior of FRP‐UHPC Hybrid Beams." ce/papers 8, no. 2 (2025): 841–47. https://doi.org/10.1002/cepa.3173.
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AbstractSteel corrosion poses a significant challenge in infrastructure construction globally. Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) offers a high‐performance solution with its lightweight, corrosion‐resistant, and high‐strength properties, making it widely used across various fields. Similarly, Ultra High Performance Concrete (UHPC) has emerged over the past 30 years as an innovative cement‐based composite with exceptional mechanical properties and durability. When compared to FRP‐concrete composites, FRP‐UHPC composites provide superior load‐bearing capacity, reduced weight, and enhanced durability. To study the process, phenomena, and modes of damage of hybrid beams with various shear‐to‐span ratios and concrete conditions, four glass fibre‐reinforced polymer (GFRP) profile‐normal concrete hybrid beam specimens and one GFRP profile‐ultrahigh‐performance concrete (UHPC) hybrid beam specimen were designed and tested in four‐point bending tests. The stiffness and bearing capacity of the GFRP profile‐normal concrete hybrid beams gradually decreased as the shear‐to‐span ratio increased. The GFRP profile‐UHPC hybrid beam members had better load‐bearing capacity and stiffness than the fibre‐reinforced polymer (FRP) profile‐normal concrete hybrid beam members. When the UHPC underwent compressive damage, the hybrid beam displayed obvious ductility as opposed to the GFRP profile‐normal concrete hybrid beam, which had insufficient ductility and showed no obvious evidence of damage. According to a parametric study, the ultimate load capacity of the hybrid beam declined as the shear‐to‐span ratio gradually rose.
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Anbusagar, N. R. R., K. Palanikumar, R. Vigneswaran, M. Rajmohan, and P. Sengottuvel. "Tensile and Flexural Properties of Glass Fibre Reinforced Nano Polymer Composite Panels." Applied Mechanics and Materials 766-767 (June 2015): 372–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.766-767.372.
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This paper investigates the effect of nanoclay content on glass fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP) composites under tensile and flexural loading. Four different combinations of GFRP composite panels made of fiber glass/nanomodified polyester resin have been prepared by hand lay-up manufacturing technique (HL). Composite samples are tested for tensile and flexural properties. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) has given morphological picture of the FRP fracture samples. The results showed that the tensile and flexural strength is greatly increased over the range of nanoclay loading by about 23% and 40% respectively.
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Raongjant, Werasak, and Meng Jing. "Comparison Experimental Study on Retrofitting Methods of Partially Damaged Timber Columns." Materials Science Forum 976 (January 2020): 173–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.976.173.
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This paper presented the experimental study on two different strengthening methods for partially damaged timber columns, GFRP (Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer) sheets and sprayed FRP (Fiber Reinforced Polymer). Detail comparison was carried out between the mechanical properties of 25% or 50% damaged timber short columns under uniaxial or biaxial eccentric compression. The ultimate bearing capacity of retrofitted columns increased obviously. The biggest improvement after SFRP (Sprayed FRP) retrofitting was 62.7%. Compared with that of undamaged columns, the ultimate bearing capacity of partially damaged columns after retrofitting was recovered up to 48 to 98%. SFRP method is a reasonable and better substitute method of GFRP sheets retrofitting.
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M. Mohamed, Hamdy. "FINITE ELEMENT MODELING OF CFRP COMPOSITE POLE STRUCTURES." International Journal of Engineering Applied Sciences and Technology 6, no. 7 (2021): 10–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.33564/ijeast.2021.v06i07.003.
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— In recent years, FRP composites, which are made of reinforcing fibers and a thermosetting resin, have been widely used as advanced construction materials. The tapered FRP poles are currently considered attractive in the application of the light poles and electrical transmission tower element. A finite element (FE) program was used to perform a nonlinear numerical analysis to model the static flexural behavior of CFRP poles. A parametric study was carried out to study the effect of replacing glass fiber (GFRP) by carbon fiber (CFRP) on the FRP pole behaviors. The ultimate capacity, top deflection and stiffness increase are presented. The study demonstrates that replacing carbon fiber by glass fiber of the FRP poles a good improvement achieved. The total load capacity of the FRP poles and the stiffness increased with increasing the percentage of carbon fiber.