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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Glass furnace'
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1
Holladay, Andrea R. "Modeling and control of a small glass furnace." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2005. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=4324.
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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2005.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vii, 96 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 77-79).
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Hall, David M. "Improvements in melting control of a glass-melting tank furnace." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1989. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/31956.
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This thesis describes research into the behaviour of process loops in a glass-melting furnace at Redfearn National Glass, Barnsley. The objectives were to ascertain methods of determining improved control strategies and to study in detail the furnace parameters affecting fuel consumption. An initial survey of the literature showed a lack of consensus over the best methods to adopt, but from certain sources a basic methodology was taken. An improved methodology was derived and this was employed to identify the characteristics of the major loops.
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Hixson, Scott. "Rapid industrial furnace thermal modeling for improved fuel efficiency." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/5091.
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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007.The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on April 9, 2009) Includes bibliographical references.
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Kuntamalla, Praveen Kumar. "Finite element simulation of creep behavior in enhanced refractory material for glass furnace." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2004. https://etd.wvu.edu/etd/controller.jsp?moduleName=documentdata&jsp%5FetdId=3629.
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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2004.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xiv, 78 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 64-66).
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Farn, Sharon. "Thermochemical corrosion of alumina-zirconia-silica refractories for glass furnace regenerators." Thesis, Keele University, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.522676.
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Tan, Yee Mei. "Electromagnetic inspection techniques for glass production." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2013. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/electromagnetic-inspection-techniques-for-glass-production(7e0fc64d-0995-4db2-a563-abd4f198b156).html.
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This thesis considers the feasibility of using the electromagnetic techniques to monitor the wear of the refractory base of a glass-making furnace. The research focuses in building a system that is able to provide measurements of the distance to the molten glass in this demanding high temperature application. The main challenge in this project is to eliminate the effect of the refractory supporting steel structure and still be able to detect and exploit a much smaller signal from the molten glass. In order to differentiate between the molten glass and the steel supports, a multi-coil, multi-frequency technique was proposed, studied and implemented in this research.
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Wiltzsch, Sven. "Theoretische Betrachtung des Glasschmelzprozesses in Glasschmelzöfen." Doctoral thesis, Technische Universitaet Bergakademie Freiberg Universitaetsbibliothek "Georgius Agricola", 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:105-qucosa-139676.
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Die vorliegende Arbeit beinhaltet die theoretische Betrachtung des Glasschmelzprozesses in Glasschmelzöfen und die Darstellung von fünf Bewertungsprinzipien zur qualitativen Bewertung von Glasschmelztechnologien für die Abschmelz-, Restquarz- und Läuterzone. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass zum verbesserten Einschmelzen des Gemenges nicht nur der Energieeintrag, sondern auch der Abtransport der neu entstehenden Schmelze intensiviert werden muss. Bei der qualitativen Bewertung und der Auswahl von Schmelztechnologien zur Beschleunigung der Restquarzlösung wurde dargestellt, dass der Einfluss der Schmelztechnologie auf das Verweilzeitverhalten und damit rückwirkend auf die Effizienz der Restquarzlösezone bei der Vorauswahl von Schmelztechnologien berücksichtigt werden muss. Für die Läuterzone wurde nachgewiesen, dass zwei teils in der Literatur diskutierte Bewertungsprinzipien zur Läuterung von Glasschmelzen abzulehnen sind bzw. zu überschätzten Aussagen zur Effizienz von Läutertechnologien führen. Weiterhin konnte gezeigt werden, dass für den theoretischen Fall einer Läuterbank ohne Konvektionsströmungen die Blasenwachstumsgeschwindigkeiten für Konstruktionen mit minimalen Kosten im Bereich von 4-12*10-7 m/s mit möglichen Ausreißern zu 5*10-6 m/s bei Massengläsern liegen sollten.
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Rajarathinam, K. "Advanced PID control optimisation and system identification for multivariable glass furnace processes by genetic algorithms." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2016. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/4247/.
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This thesis focuses on the development and analysis of general methods for the design of optimal discrete PID control strategies for multivariable glass furnace processes, where standard genetic algorithms (SGAs) are applied to optimise specially formulated objective functions. Furthermore, a strong emphasis is given on the realistic model parameters identi cation method, which is illustrated to be applicable to a wide range of higher order model parameters identi cation problems. A complete, realistic and continuous excess oxygen model with nonlinearity effect was developed and the model parameters were identified. The developed excess oxygen model consisted of three sub-models to characterise the real plant response. The developed excess oxygen model was evaluated and compared with real plant dynamic response data, which illustrated the high degree of accuracy of the developed model. A new technique named predetermined time constant approximation was proposed to make an assumption on the initial value of a predetermined time constant, whose motive is to facilitate the SGAs to explore and exploit an optimal value for higher order of continuous model's parameters identi cation. Also, the proposed predetermined time constant approximation technique demonstrated that the population diversity is well sustained while exploring the feasible search region and exploiting to an optimal value. In general, the proposed method improves the SGAs convergence rate towards the global optimum and illustrated the effectiveness. An automatic tuning of decentralised discrete PID controllers for multivariable processes, based on SGAs, was proposed. The main improvement of the proposed technique is the ability to enhance the control robustness and to optimise discrete PID parameters by compensating the loop interaction of a multivariable process. This is attained by adding the individually optimised objective function of glass temperature and excess oxygen processes as one objective function, to include the total effect of the loop interaction by applying step inputs on both set points, temperature and excess oxygen, at two different time periods in one simulation. The effectiveness of the proposed tuning technique was supported by a number of simulation results using two other SGAs conventional tuning techniques with 1st and 2nd order control oriented models. It was illustrated that, in all cases, the resulting discrete PID control parameters completely satisfied all performance specifications. A new technique to minimise the fuel consumption for glass furnace processes while sustaining the glass temperature is proposed. This proposed technique is achieved by reducing the excess oxygen within the optimum thermal efficiency region within 1.7% to 3.2%, which is approximately equal to about 10% to 20% of excess air. Therefore, by reducing the excess oxygen set point within the optimum region, 2.45% to 2%, the fuel consumption is minimised from 0:002942kg/sec to 0:002868kg/sec while the thermal efficiency of the glass temperature is sustained at the desired set point (1550K). In addition, a reduction in excess oxygen within methane combustion guidelines will assure that undesirable emissions are in control throughout the combustion process. The efficiencies of the proposed technique were supported by a number of simulation results applying the three SGAs controller tuning techniques. It was illustrated that, in all cases, the fraction of excess oxygen reduction results in a great minimisation of fuel consumption over long plant operating periods.
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Aksoy, Ugur Bulent. "Archaeometric Analysis On The Selected Samples Of Glass Artifacts Recovered In The Excavation Of Alanya Castle." Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12607781/index.pdf.
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The archaeological and technical questions about ancient glass have lead to
various research activities such as identification and sourcing raw materials used in
the glass production, investigation of the ways in which colors can be modified
according to furnace atmosphere and times of firing.
Considering research areas and publications it can be suggested that
compositional studies of well-dated samples of ancient glass have disclosed useful
information concerning raw materials characteristics and production technology.
Within this context, aim of this study was to determine the composition and
technology of some 13th century Seljuk period window glasses from Alanya Castle
archaeological site. During the excavations at the area called Vaulted Galleria in
Alanya Castle many glass pieces in different sizes and colors had been found. In this
study 10 samples were examined. Elemental analysis of the samples have been
made using two different methodsX-Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy (XRF) and Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES) to determine major, minor and some trace elements. The XRF and ICP-OES data reflect the typical composition of a soda-lime-silica glass with the average values of
12.9% (Na2O): 7.7% (CaO): and 65.5% (SiO2). Samples were grouped by color as green, blue and purple. Color producing elements are Fe, Mn, Cu and Co. Most of the samples had shown casting character as production technique.
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Гой, Микола Андрійович, Mykola Hoi, Ярослав Володимирович Рильник, and Yaroslav Rylnyk. "Розробка та дослідження автоматизованої системи контролю параметрів технологічного процесу плавлення скла." Master's thesis, Тернопільський національний технічний університет ім. І. Пулюя, Факультет прикладних інформаційних технологій та електроінженерії, Кафедра автоматизації технологічних процесів і виробництв, 2020. http://elartu.tntu.edu.ua/handle/lib/33247.
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Робота виконана на кафедрі автоматизації технологічних процесів і виробництв факультету прикладних інформаційних технологій та електроінженерії Тернопільського національного технічного університету імені Івана Пулюя Міністерства освіти і науки України. Захист відбудеться «21» грудня 2020 р. о 14.00год. на засіданні екзаменаційної комісії №22 у Тернопільському національному технічному університеті імені Івана ПулюяМетою даної роботи є розроблення та моделювання системи автоматизованого контролю технологічних параметрів скловарної печі. Тема роботи достатньо актуальна так як від надійності системи контролю залежить якість склопродукції. Автоматизоване управління роботою скловарної печі дозволяє підвищити якість скловиробів, підвищити продуктивність технологічного процесу, зменшити викиди парникових газів та ін. Об’єктом автоматизації у даній роботі є скловарна піч періодичної дії ванного типу, що використовується для варіння спеціального, тугоплавкого скла. Так як технологічний процес виготовлення скломаси відбувається неперервно, тому необхідно підтримувати сталий рівень скломаси в межах граничних допустимих значень заданого рівня, це призводить до оптимізації процесу отримання скломаси з певними показниками якості, а також забезпечує високу ефективність роботи обладнання.
The purpose of this work is to develop and model a system of automated control of technological parameters of the glass furnace. The topic of the work is quite relevant because the reliability of the control system depends on the quality of glass products. Automated control of the glass furnace allows to improve the quality of glassware, increase the productivity of the technological process, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, etc. The object of automation in this work is a glass furnace of periodic action of the bathroom type, which is used for cooking special, refractory glass. Since the technological process of glass mass production is continuous, it is necessary to maintain a constant level of glass mass within the maximum allowable values of a given level, it optimizes the process of obtaining glass mass with certain quality indicators, and provides high efficiency.
Зміст Анотація 4 Зміст 5 Вступ 8 1. Аналітична частина 10 1.1. Аналіз відомих технічних рішень з питань автоматизації процесу, що лежить в основі розробки. 10 1.2. Обгрунтування актуальності автоматизації вибраного напрямку розробки. 16 2. Технологічна частина. 21 2.1. Загальна характеристика виробництва 21 2.2. Технологічні основи процесу скловаріння в ванних печах. Фактори, що впливають на процес скловаріння. 24 2.3. Технологічні особливості варіння скла 25 2.4. Теплообмін в робочій камері печі 27 2.5. Траєкторії руху потоків скломаси в ванній печі 33 2.6. Склад газового середовища і режим тисків 35 2.7. Температурний режим газового середовища в печі 37 2.8. Розподіл тиску та температури в скловарильній пічній установці 38 3. Конструкторська частина 41 3.1. Ванні печі періодичної дії 41 3.2.Характеристика системи автоматизованого контролю рівня, її призначення та умови роботи 51 3.3. Аналіз технологічного процесу автоматизованого контролю рівня з точки зору управління 52 3.4. Вибір варіанту компоновки і розробка алгоритмів роботи проектованої автоматизованої виробничої системи 53 3.5. Узагальнений опис роботи системи керування 56 3.6. Розробка алгоритму роботи системи автоматизованого керування 58 3.7. Розробка алгоритму роботи системи автоматизованого контролю 60 3.8. Опис завантажувача печі як об’єкта керування 62 3.9. Розрахунок елементів силової схеми електроприводу 62 3.10. Розрахунок схеми керування 74 4. Науково-дослідна частина 81 4.1 Синтез системи автоматичного регулювання температури в скловарній печі 81 4.2. Аналіз системи автоматичного регулювання температури в скловарній печі 93 4.3. Проектування електричної схеми регулятора 102 5. Спеціальна частина. Розробка програмного забезпечення. 107 5.1. Використання середовища Асемблер для програмування системи керування 107 Резюме 111 5.2. Розробка алгоритмів роботи мікропроцесорної системи для виконання основних процедур. 112 5.3. Розробка програмного забезпечення для вибраного алгоритму. 115 6. Охорона праці та безпека в надзвичайних ситуаціях 118 6. 1. Оцінка системи автоматизованого контролю рівня щодо умов безпеки праці. 118 6.2. Захисне занулення, як захист від появи на корпусах обладнання небезпечних напруг 119 6.3. Заходи щодо підвищення стійкості об'єкта в умовах надзвичайного стану 125 6.4. Практична оцінка стійкості роботи склоплавильного цеху до впливу ударної хвилі при аваріях на вибухонебезпечному об’єкті. 132 Висновки 138 Перелік посилань 139
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Matiaske, Anna-Maria. "Laserinduzierte Plasmaspektroskopie an Glas- und Mineralschmelzen." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät I, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/17093.
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Eine umweltverträgliche Methode der Rückgewinnung anorganischer industrieller Abfallprodukte bietet die thermische Behandlung im elektrischen Lichtbogenofen. Hierbei wird der Abfallstoff geschmolzen und die enthaltenen Schwermetalloxide reduziert und von der mineralischen Phase abgetrennt. Der Prozess ist sehr energieaufwändig und noch nicht vollständig verstanden. Die laserinduzierte Plasmaspektroskopie (LIBS) soll als in situ-Messtechnik dabei helfen, das Verständnis zu verbessern und die Methode zu optimieren. In theoretischen Untersuchungen wurde gezeigt, dass die Güte von LIBS-Messungen durch Normierung auch mit einer gesättigten Linie eines Matrixelementes verbessert werden kann. Für LIBS-Messungen im elektrischen Lichtbogenofen wurde ein mobiles Doppelpuls-LIBS-System für industrielle Bedingungen entwickelt, getestet und optimiert. Als Modellsystem für Schlacken wurden dotierte Glasproben verwendet. Für festes und flüssiges Glas wurden Nachweisgrenzen im ppm-Bereich erreicht, was für die Gehalte in Schlackeproben ausreicht. Ferner wurden zwei Methoden entwickelt, Flüssigkeiten mit Hilfe von festen Standards zu quantifizieren. Um die Empfindlichkeit von LIBS zu verbessern, wurde Doppelpuls-LIBS untersucht. Es konnte eine Verstärkung des Signals um das 5,1-fache erreicht werden. Es konnten Emissionen der Moleküle CaCl, MgO, YO und ZrO in LIBS-Plasmen identifiziert und simuliert werden. Eine mögliche Verwendung der Molekülemissionen stellt die Quantifizierung sehr hoher Elementgehalte dar. Trotz der schwierigen experimentellen Bedingungen erwies sich das LIBS-System als empfindlich genug. Es wurde schrittweise Mangan- und Chromoxid zur Schmelze gegeben, was in einen linearen Anstieg der LIBS-Signale resultierte. Die Reduktion und Separation von Chrom gelang und konnte mit LIBS verfolgt werden, was durch die Referenzanalysen bestätigt wurde.The reduction process in the electric arc furnace offers a sustainable method to recover industrial inorganic waste materials. The material is molten and the containing heavy metals are reduced and separated from the mineral phase. The energy consumption of the process is very high and the detailed reactions and dynamics are not yet fully understood. Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy can provide online-measurements inside a furnace, enabling us to increase understanding and optimize the process. In a theoretical investigation it has been shown that intensity fluctuations of LIBS can be compensated by normalizing the line used for analysis with a saturated line from a matrix element. For LIBS-measurements inside the electric arc furnace, a mobile double pulse LIBS-system designed for an industrial environment was built and tested. Glass was used as a model system for slags due to its lower melting point. Limits of detection in the ppm-region were achieved for solid and liquid glass, which is sufficient sensitivity for recycling slags. Furthermore, two methods were developed to quantify a liquid using solids as standards. To improve the sensitivity of LIBS, double-pulse measurements were conducted. Signal enhancements of up to 5.1 were achieved compared to single pulse. In the LIBS plasma emissions of molucules CaCl, MgO, YO and ZrO were identified and their emissions simulated. These emissions could be used to quantify large element concentrations. Despite the difficult experimental conditions the sensitivity of the LIBS-System has been found to be sufficient for recycling-slags. When stepwise adding manganese and chromium oxide to the melt, the respective LIBS intensity increased linearly. The reduction and separation of chromium was successful, which was confirmed by reference analysis.
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Zuna, Zarko. "Utvärdering av pelletsförgasning för glassmältning : Fullskaleexperiment vid Kosta glasbruk våren 2004." Thesis, Växjö University, School of Technology and Design, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-2054.
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Den negativa miljöpåverkan från förbrukning av fossila bränslen ökar kravet på förnyelsebara energikällor. Biobränsle är ett speciellt lovande alternativ. Detta projekt vill visa på möjligheten att använda gas från biobränsleförgasning som förbränns utan synliga flammor i glassmältugnar. Med bättre teknik är det möjligt både att upprätthålla produktionen och reducera kväveoxidutsläppen med ekonomiska fördelar. Biobränslena bidrar inte till växthuseffekten. En del av hela projektet är de experiment som utfördes den 1 juni 2004 vid Kosta glasbruk. Experimenten tog 7 timmar och 50 minuter. Den viktigaste uppgiften i detta examensarbete är att utvärdera mass- och energibalanserna på den medströms fastbäddsförgasare som användes vid experimenten.
The negative environmental impact of the consumption of fossil fuels has led to an increased claim for a wider use of renewable energy sources. Biomass appears as a particularly promising option. This project demonstrates the possibility to heat glass furnaces with gas from biofuel gasification combusted without visible flames. By better technique you can both retain production and reduce nitrogenoxide emissions with economical benefit. The biofuel doesn’t contribute to the greenhouse effect. A part of the whole project is the experiments performed on June 1st 2004 in Kosta glass- factory, total 7 hours and 50 minutes. A major effort of this diploma work is to evaluate mass and energy balances of the down – draft fixed bed gasifier used in the experiments.
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Chiu-Webster, Sunny. "Horizontal convection and glass furnaces." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.611923.
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Morris, Heath A. "Advanced modeling for small glass furnaces." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2007. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=5066.
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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2007.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vii, 100 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 70-71).
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Indra, Ivo. "Kompozitní materiály na bázi alkalicky aktivované vysokopecní strusky s přídavkem elektrárenských popílků." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-216595.
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This thesis concerns on substitution of blast furnace slag or its part with fly ash in alkali-activated systems based on aluminosilikates. Classic, fluid bottom and fluid filter fly ashes will be tested. The goal is to prepare geopolymer with required mechanical properties, but with maximal admixture of alternative raw materials. In composites with substitutioned slag or its part the thesis focuses mainly on workabilityof fresh mixture, pressure and bending strenght. Use of secondary raw materials has advantages in the economic point of view and it´s friendly to enviroment, too.
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Kang, Guosheng. "Enhanced design for oxy-fuel fired batch tanks using CFD methods." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2000. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=1551.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2000.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains x, 153 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 150-153).
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Rhodes, James Robert. "Transfer function model for oxy-fuel fired batch tank." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2001. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=1808.
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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2001.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xvi, 110 p. : ill. (some col.). Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 81-82).
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Piquemal, Philippe. "Élaboration d'un nouveau matériau isolant phonique et thermique en verre expansé et mise au point d'un procédé utilisant un chauffage diélectrique." Nancy 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NAN10203.
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On cherche à fabriquer un matériau en verre expansé (foamglass) ayant une bonne absorption acoustique à l'aide d'un processus d'expansion faisant appel au chauffage mixte diélectrique et infra-rouge. Deux types de matériaux à cellules ouvertes (petites bulles ou grandes bulles) sont conçus au laboratoire. On suit l'absorption aux moyennes et hautes fréquences (microondes). L'apport d'énergie électromagnétique au cours du chauffage infra-rouge favorisé l'expansion du matériau, alors que les microondes sont peu satisfaisantes
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Tajouri, Afif. "Amélioration de la précision de modèles des fours radiatifs et optimisation des paramètres de chauffage par méthodes métaheuristiques : Application au procédé de thermoformage de pare-brise." Thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ENMP0109.
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La fabrication du pare-brise automobile est réalisée par un procédé de thermoformage dans un four tunnel où des feuilles de verre subissent un chauffage différentiel par rayonnement par des centaines d'éléments chauffants électriques contrôlés individuellement. Ces travaux ont pour objectif final de répondre à une problématique industrielle formulée en tant que problème d'optimisation. Elle consiste à aider le conducteur du four à retrouver la cartographie de puissance qui permet d'obtenir le champ de température nécessaire à la surface du verre afin d'aboutir à une forme souhaitée. Pour y parvenir, un modèle du four basé sur la méthode de réseau de composants est utilisé afin de simuler le cycle de chauffage. Dans un premier temps, la précision de la température calculée est améliorée par identification paramétrique en se référant à des données de mesures effectuées in situ. Une étude de sensibilité locale et globale a été réalisée au préalable. Par la suite, dans le but d'accélérer ces calculs, une méthode d'optimisation originale est proposée. Elle consiste à combiner la méthode métaheuristique du Recuit Simulé et l'Algorithme de Re-revêtement pour identifier l'émissivité multi-bande des matériaux. Après avoir effectué une validation sur un modèle simplifié 3D de four radiatif de traitement de matériaux, la méthode originale est appliquée pour le modèle du four réel. Outre l'amélioration de la précision des résultats de la simulation, la nouvelle démarche réduit considérablement le temps de calcul. Dans la deuxième partie du travail, plusieurs méthodes métaheuristiques, telles que l'Algorithme Génétique, le Recuit Simulé, la Recherche Tabou ainsi que leur hybridation sont expérimentées pour un modèle simplifié d'une enceinte radiative. Les résultats montrent que la combinaison de l'Algorithme Génétique et du Recuit Simulé a permis d'accélérer la convergence pour atteindre les champs de températures souhaités sur la surface du produit. Cette méthode est par la suite appliquée avec succès pour inverser le modèle du four afin de retrouver les paramètres de commande du fourThe manufacturing of automobile windshield is produced by a thermoforming process in a tunnel furnace where glass undergoes differential heating radiation by hundreds of electrical heating elements individually controlled. The final purpose of this work is to answer a real industrial problem, which is formulated as an optimization problem. It aims at assisting the furnace driver to find the setting that allows obtaining the required temperature distribution on the glass design in order to achieve the desired shape. Based on the method of network components, a model of the furnace is used to simulate the heating cycle. As a first step of this work, the accuracy of the temperature calculated is improved by parametric identification by referring to the data of measurements taken in situ. A local and global sensitivity analysis was performed beforehand. Thereafter, in order to accelerate these calculations, an original and optimization method is proposed. It consists in combining the Simulated Annealing metaheuristic method and the Replating Algorithm to identify multi-band emissivity. First, the original method validation is performed on a simplified 3D model of radiative enclosure, and then applied to the real furnace model. The new approach significantly reduces the computation time while improving the accuracy of the simulation results. In the second part of this work, several metaheuristic methods, such as Genetic Algorithm, Simulated Annealing, Tabu Search, and their hybridization are tested on a simplified model of a radiative enclosure. Results show that the combination of Genetic Algorithm and Simulated Annealing has accelerated the convergence to achieve the desired temperature fields on the product surface. This new method is successfully applied to the real furnace model to find the optimal control parameters
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Bílek, Vlastimil. "Možnosti využití odpadních písků z výroby vodního skla ve stavebnictví." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-216992.
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Nowadays, the waste sands from the water glass production have no utilization and due to high alkali content are considered as a dangerous waste. So the aim of this thesis is to find and study some possibilities of their utilization in the building industry. First of all, some necessary analysis of these sands were performed and then some advantages and disadvantages of their application for production of materials based on portland cement and alkali activated materials were studied. Characteristics of fresh and hardened pastes, mortars and concretes containing these waste sands were determined. The most tested properties were their workability and their compressive and flexural strength. Close attention for the risks of alkali-silica reaction and for options of its suppressing by the mineral admixtures was paid.
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GHUSSN, LUCIANA. "Síntese e caracterização de vidros niobofosfatos e ferrofosfatos utilizados como meio para imobilização de Usub(3)Osub(8)." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2005. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/11347.
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Tese (Doutoramento)
IPEN/T
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
22
Olsson, Pernilla. "Biobränsleanvändning och Flameless oxidation i degelugnar för glassmältning." Thesis, Växjö University, School of Technology and Design, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-2316.
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Idag värms glasugnar upp med antingen gasol eller olja, detta projekt vill visa på möjligheten att istället använda gas från biobränsleförgasning som förbränns utan synliga flammor. Detta skulle miljömässigt ge fördelarna att biobränslen inte bidrar till växthuseffekten och ge förutsättningar för att minska kväveoxidutsläppen genom bättre teknik än dagens.
För att visa att det är möjligt att både behålla produktionen och reducera kväveoxiderna med förgasningsgas konstruerades en modell av ugnen och strömningsbilden studerades i vattenmodell. För att undersöka värmeöverföringen i ugnen behöver en eller flera kalorimetrar konstrueras för att kunna användas vid varma försök. Dimensionsberäkningar gjordes som visade att detta är möjligt med vissa typer av kalorimetrar.
Today glassfurnaces are heated with LPG or oil, this project will show the possibility to use gas from biofuel gasification combusted without visible flames. This would give the environmental benefits that biofuels don´t contribute to the greenhouse effect and reduce nitrogenoxide emissions by better technique than today.
To prove the possibility to retain todays production and reduce nitrogenoxide emissions a model of the furnace was constructed and the flow field was studied using water model technique.
To examine the heat transfer in the furnace one or more calorimeters need to be constructed to be used in hot experiments. Dimensioning calculations were made that showed that this is possible provided certain specific designs.
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ALMEIDA, FÁBIO J. M. de. "Obtenção de vidros fosfatos contendo ferro por meio do aquecimento em fornos de microondas." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2006. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/11460.
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Dissertacao (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
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Wu, Meng-chun, and 吳孟純. "A Physical Model Study of the Glass Melting Furnace." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/09553457545020817382.
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碩士國立成功大學
材料科學及工程學系碩博士班
96
The quality of the glass substrate depends on the number of the bubble and the impurities in the final products, but whether the process of bath enters and clarifies in the glass melting furnace homogeneous or not relate to the elimination of residue, so how to improve the mixing time effectively and reduce the residence area is important . Because it is difficult to received the information and flows field in the true furnace and the research of the full-scale model is really difficult. This research builds an acrylic model which scale is 1/10 of real one, and its equipment relevantly imitates the primitive furnace. Utilize silicon oil of high viscosity to replace melting glass and high polymer tracers to measure and observe the physical experiment, furthermore ,expect to verify the numerical model in the future. This research confer three kinds of heating temperature separately and with or without bubbler (40cc/min).The result indicate that the heating condition and bubbler can effect circulation area and increase the resident time, besides, decrease the dead zone and improve the quality of glass substrate. This research combines some estimate index and find out relatively appropriate condition consulted to numerical model and furnace worker.
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Lee, Chien-Hsien, and 李建賢. "Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer Behavior in Glass Melting Furnace." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/57850640273666826599.
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碩士國立成功大學
材料科學及工程學系碩博士班
93
The quantities of bubbles and inclusions that remain in glass substrate strongly depend on the refining ability of the glass melting furnace and have significant effects on the quality of glass substrate. This study, focused merely on the molten glass zone in the glass melting furnace, developed a mathematical model and a physical model to investigate fluid flow and heat transfer behaviors and to evaluate the glass qualities under different bubbling fluxes and heating temperatures. By using finite difference method and a computational fluid dynamics technique, SOLA-VOF, the mathematical model could be used to analyze the velocity, temperature fields and active volume ratio of glass melting furnace. The physical model which executed in a reduced acrylic mold used silicon oil as a substitute for molten glass. The flow path and minimum residence time was recorded. The glass qualities under different operation conditions are evaluated by minimum residence time and active volume ratio of glass melting furnace in the end. Three bubbling fluxes and two heating temperatures were investigated. The results showed that as the bubbling flux increases the bubbling circulation, flow path, and the minimum residence time and active volume ratio all increase. Therefore, the glass quality promotes as bubbling flux increases. To heating operating conditions, flow paths and active volume ratios are slightly raised, minimum residence times are significantly decreased, and suspended bubbles in the back zone of glass melting furnace are reduced. Therefore, the glass quality under heating should be evaluated by other appropriate glass quality indexes.
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Sung, I.-Chen, and 宋宜蓁. "Fluid Flow Simulation in the Smelting Furnace for LCD Glass." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/72297609897909527837.
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碩士國立成功大學
材料科學及工程學系碩博士班
92
Glass substrates have been the indispensable part of the liquid crystal displays. The clarity and homogeneity of the molten glass in the furnace are closely related to the quality of the glass substrates. In this study the simulation system of the flow behavior for the molten glass in the tank has been developed. Operation conditions were analyzed to see how the gas flow rate affected the fluid flow in the tank. To develop the three dimensional fluid flow analysis system, a computational fluid dynamics technique, SOLA-SURF was used to analyze the fluid flow pattern in the tank. To verify the reliability of the simulation results, physical experiments were also conducted on a one fifth scale acrylic model at room temperature. High viscosity silicon oil was used as a substitute for the molten glass, and the trails of polymer particles were observed to visualize the paths of the molten glass. In this work two systems, scaled model and the tank, with three bubbling rates were simulated. The result showed that as the bubbling rate increased the flow rate of molten glass increased. And the circulation became larger with better mixing effects. But the dead zones in the circulation were unfavorable for the mass transfer. These results served as the reference materials for setting the operation variables of the tank.
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Weng, Pei-Ya, and 翁珮雅. "Effects of Fe2O3 on Manufacturing Insulating Glass-Ceramic from TFT-LCD Waste Glass and Basic Oxygen Furnace Slag." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/91499759048196070401.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
環境工程學研究所
100
The objective of this research was to use thin film liquid crystal display (TFT-LCD) waste glass and basic oxygen furnace (BOF) slag as recycled materials to produce insulating glass-ceramic by thermal treatment. In addition, the effects of Fe2O3 content in the BOF slag on the insulating glass-ceramic’s crystalline phase, mechanical, dielectric and thermal expansion properties were also experimented and discussed in details. There were three experimental stages conducted in this study. The first stage was to fix the weight ratio of TFT-LCD waste glass to BOF slag by adding pure reagent of Fe2O3 in order to analyze the relevance of Fe2O3 content to the characteristics of the products, such as crystalline phase, mechanical and dielectric properties. The second stage was to adjust the input ingredients of BOF slag which contains various Fe2O3 content to produce insulating glass-ceramic with excellent mechanical and dielectric properties. The third stage was to analyze the consistency of the effects of Fe2O3 on the production of insulating glass-ceramic from the first and second stage. The results indicated that Fe2O3 could act as nucleating agent to promote crystallization at lower thermal treatment temperature and stimulated the formation of a wide variety of crystal types. In addition, increase in Fe2O3 content would enhance glass-ceramic’s mechanical properties including density and flexural strength. However, dielectric properties did not improve with Fe2O3 addition. When TFT-LCD waste glass and BOF slag was blended in the ratio of 7:3 while BOF slag was prepared with pre-BOF slag and post-BOF slag in the ratio of 5:5, under heat treatment temperature of 820℃, the insulating glass-ceramic exhibited satisfactory characteristics with product density (2.64 g/cm3), bending strength (110 MPa), dielectric constant (8.8), dissipation factor (0.0043), quality factor (235), and dielectric loss factor (0.037). The final product of glass-ceramic had good mechanical strength and dielectric properties. Therefore, this research concluded that the adjustment of the pre/post BOF slag ratio would effectively improve insulating glass-ceramic properties and achieve the goal of reducing the use of additional material and energy. According to the results of first and second stage, it demonstrated that the differences of crystalline phase, mechanical and dielectric properties caused by the Fe2O3 content were consistent. Therefore, it is promising to manufacture insulating glass-ceramic from TFT-LCD waste glass and BOF slag, in which Fe2O3 would play one of the main affecting factors.
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Belz, Robert Michael. "Integrated modeling analysis of glass furnace forehearths as applied to production planning optimization." 2004. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-04182004-190446/unrestricted/etd.pdf.
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Lee, Hsin, and 李新. "Materialization Study on Glass-Ceramic from TFT-LCD Wasted Glass Mixing with Basic Oxygen Furnace Slag by TwoStage Heat Treatment." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/25937674496671343850.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
環境工程學研究所
99
Abstract The influence of two-stage heat treatment and additives like MgO、Al2O3 on the dielectric properties and mechanical properties of glass-ceramics made from a combination of TFT-LCD(Thin Film Transistor Liquid Crystal Display) waste glass and Basic Oxygen Furnace Slag(BOF) is investigated. The system of glass-ceramic shifted from CAS to MAS system was through 20%(w/w) MgO and 20%(w/w) Al2O3 added into the martrix(TFT-LCD waste glass: BOF=7:3). The experiment demonstrated that the density increased with temperature increase. Moreover, both adding additives and two-stage heat treatment improved mechanical properties due to production of forsterite crystal. Under two-stage heat treatment process with 640℃ for 2 hours followed by 980℃ for 30minutes, a material with high density (2.91 g/cm3),high bending strength (256MPa), high compressive strength(717MPa) ,low dielectric dielectric constant(7.59) and low dielectric loss factor(0.097) were resulted, which met the required standard of insulated glass-ceramic.
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Lin, Tung-Hung, and 林東宏. "Materialization Study on Transformation of Insulated Glass-Ceramic from Mixing TFT-LCD Waste Glass and Basic Oxygen Furnace Slag by Thermal Treatment." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/59516510494676371014.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
環境工程學研究所
98
The objective of this study was to use thin film liquid crystal display (TFT-LCD) waste glasses from optoelectronic industry and basic oxygen furnace (BOF) slags from integrated steel plant as reused materials to produce insulated glass ceramic materials that have superior dielectic and mechanical properties with low coefficient of thermal expansion . This study selected the ratio of TFT-LCD waste glass to BOF slag as 6：4 and 7：3 by weight based on quenched vitreous slag composition which has the feasibility to initiate good insulating properties of MgO-Al2O3-SiO2 (MAS) glass ceramic system. The vertification of MAS glass-ceramic system was conducted by addition of 10-20 % MgO (w/w)、15-20 % Al2O3 (w/w) and 10 % TiO2 (w/w) , and analysed the effect of addition of modifier on crystal phases and thermal treatment temperature. In addition,regarding property analysis corresponding to the ratio of TFT-LCD waste glass to BOF slag as 7：3 (w/w) with various proportions of modifier, the effect of temperature on thermal properties and mechanical properties as well as the assessment of potentiality of material reultilized from mixing TFT-LCD waste glass and BOF slag which formed the insulating glass-ceramics were investigated . The results showed that the ratios were precipitated crystalline via heat treatment when TFT-LCD waste glass and BOF slag in the ratio of 7：3 with addition of 20 % MgO and 15-20 % Al2O3 (w/w) , which contained anorthite and wollastonite in the CaO-Al2O3-SiO2 (CAS) , forsterite and cristobalite in the MgO-Al2O3-SiO2 (MAS) system. The above crystalline phases in glass-ceramic systems are consequently suitable for thermal shock resistant and insulation. Besides the production of crystalline phases in lower temperature, it also contributed to phase separation and crystal growth due to addition of TiO2. But TiO2 addition resulted in the decrease of phase relative intensity of forsterite in MgO-Al2O3-SiO2 (MAS) system,it also indirected affected the specimens on thermal and mechanical properties. The optimal operational conditions to reutilize wastes as insulating glass ceramics could be found as follows. (1)TFT-LCD waste glass and BOF slag in the ratio of 7：3 with MgO addition of 15-20 % and Al2O3 addition of 20 %. (2)The resulted low coefficient of thermal expansion similar to microchip’s which could be applied to electronic ceramic package.(3)One-step sintering and heat treatment at 980 ℃ for 0.5h could be employed to obtain glass-ceramics with flexural strength up to about 257.6 MPa and compressive strength up to about 732 MPa. Mechanical properties will influence the yield on glass-ceramic process in pratical operation, and the sintered materials could meet the required properties in the range between 860 ℃and 900 ℃.
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Kuo, Chih-Ting, and 郭至廷. "Application of Waste Glass and Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag in Reactive Powder Porous Concrete." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/06599099968197902174.
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碩士淡江大學
土木工程學系碩士班
96
The low strength of porous concrete due to high air voids results in limited application. Reactive powder concrete (RPC), on the other hand, has superior compressive and flexural strength. Reactive powder porous concrete (RPPC) combines the unique characteristics of both porous concrete and RPC, and could become an alternative material for the rigid pavement. Waste glass can be fully recycled. Recycle use of waste glass can save energy and help to protect our environment. Use of ground granulated blast furnace slag (ggbfs) in concrete as replacement of cement can lower the cost and retard the increase of carbon dioxide. This study was conducted to evaluate the substitute ratios of waste glass and ggbfs as replacements of silica sand and cement, respectively, when the strength and air voids criteria were met. Various laboratory test methods were utilized in this study to examine mechanical properties of RPPC specimens. Based on the results of laboratory tests, major conclusions of this study were summarized as follows: 1.The slumps of waste glass RPPC were lower than that of control group due to finer particle size of waste glass and fixed water content. RPPC with ggbfs, however, exhibited higher workability with increasing ggbfs content. 2.The 9(8)- creased with increasing waste glass content. Compressive and flexural strengths of RPPC were substantially improved when ggbfs were used. 3.The highest substitute ratios of waste glass and ggbfs were found to be 30% and 50％, respectively. Three groups in this study with flexural strengths≧52 kg/cm2 and air voids≧15% were: B50%, G30%+B30% and G30%+B50%. 4.Results of the permeability and British Pendulum tests showed that RPPC specimens had good drainage (≧0.01cm/sec) and skid resistance. Cantabro abrasion test results showed that RPPC specimens also had good abrasion resistance.
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Wu, Yu-Che, and 吳育哲. "Study of Influences of Temperature Distribution on Fluid Flow in Glass Furnace by Numerical Method." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/49965170706437312057.
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碩士國立聯合大學
材料科學工程學系碩士班
101
Due to the rise of TFT-LCD industry, glass substrates used for basic supporting structure of color filter and I-V driving circuit increases largely in demand. Being optical glass substrate, it is required strictly in properties. It demands high geometric precision, good thermal properties, chemical stability and excellent optical properties, etc. Optical properties are impact by not only the glass composition but also the defects, such as stones, bubbles, striae, etc. For glass melt quality, the removal of bubbles is essential and important. In this study, the numerical modeling with fluid flow and heat transfer models was performed. The influences of temperature gradients along the melting channel and bubblers were discussed. The behavior of the bubble in melt was also simulated. It had been found that the intensity of circulation flows was enhanced with smoothing the heating and cooling temperature gradient. The bubble with diameter under 5 mm would split up and remove by the circulation flow. Using of bubblers helped not only the bubbles removal but also the flow circulations.
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Chen, Kuan-Chun, and 陳冠均. "Study on lightweight aggregate from TFT-LCD waste glass and Basic Oxygen Furnace Slag for concrete." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/79289803167025853880.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
環境工程學研究所
102
In present study, lightweight aggregate (LWA) was produced by a mixture of thin-film transistor liquid-crystal display (TFT-LCD) waste glass, basic oxygen furnace (BOF) slag using a rotary kiln. The resulted lightweight aggregate was used to prepare lightweight concrete in different water to cement ratios. Compressive strength analyses at different curing ages were carried out to study the effects of W/C on compressive strength. In addition, to understand transformation of stress distribution in the lightweight concrete under compressive strength test at different curing ages, a linear regression analysis was performed to find out dividing strength. Finally, interaction between mortar and aggregate and its effect on compressive strength of concrete were identified by observing the interfacial transition zone (ITZ) of the microstructure. The results indicate that compressive strength of the lightweight concrete were 26.95 MPa (W/C=0.7)、43.78 MPa (W/C=0.5) and 49.89 MPa (W/C=0.3) at 28 days. When the w/c ratio was 0.3, lightweight concrete reaches its ceiling strength which was 50 MPa. The strength of lightweight concrete depended on the structure of ITZ at a high W/C and early curing age. But the lightweight concrete strength may turn to depends on coarse aggregate strength because the strength of mortar and ITZ can increases with increasing curing ages and reducing W/C. Concrete density primarily depended on the aggregate density. All of the investigated lightweight concrete densities in present work were below 1800 kg/m3. Both density and compressive strength met ASTM C330 (standard specification for lightweight aggregate for structural concrete). The dividing strength of the lightweight concrete is 48.79 MPa. According to the concept of dividing strength, the designed compressive strength of concrete should be smaller than its dividing strength. It ensures that the use of amounts of cement would be more economic. Structural efficiency factor of the lightweight concrete was higher than the normal weight concrete even though the w/c ratio was low. &;#8195; According to above discussions, lightweight aggregate which was made of TFT-LCD waste glass and basic oxygen slag has good mechanical behavior. The good compressive strength of lightweight concrete gave it potential for application in structural lightweight aggregate. It would be a good structural lightweight aggregate when designed concrete strength was below 50 MPa.
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Peng, Szu-Yun, and 彭思筠. "Manufacturing and Characterization of Lightweight Aggregate from TFT-LCD Waste Glass and Basic Oxygen Furnace Slag." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/47807172270815029767.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
環境工程學研究所
102
The aim of this study was to manufacture the lightweight aggregate (LWA) from a mixture of thin film transistor liquid crystal display (TFT-LCD) waste glass and basic oxygen furnace (BOF) slag in the field prototype scale. Pellets were produced by pelletization then, rapidly sintered and bloated at the temperature between 1000°C and 1040°C by rotary kiln. The effects of thermal treatment condition on the physical and chemical properties of LWA were investigated. Experimental results indicated that the vetrification of the surface of LWA led to improve its cylindrical compressive strength and lower its water absorption. In addition, the degree of vitrification was increased with temperature increase. The content of free-CaO in LWA was decreased significantly, because the crystallinity of crystalline phase which contained Ca element were increased. LWA was considered innocuous according to the experiment of alkali-silica reaction which included accelerated mortar bar test (ASTM C1260) and the rapid chemical test (ASTM C289). In conclusion, the physical and chemical properties of the LWA which was made of TFT-LCD waste glass and BOF slag complied with the specifications of commercial lightweight aggregate. Therefore, it could be used in the production of the structural lightweight concrete.
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Huang, Chih-Yang, and 黃智揚. "Bloating Mechanism on Materialization of Lightweight Aggregate from TFT-LCD Waste Glass and Basic Oxygen Furnace Slag." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/27357505771856616962.
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Lin, Chun-Zen, and 林資峻. "Investigations on the Operating Parameters and Efficiency of the Regenerative Type Heat Exchanger of the Glass Furnace." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/15864869695786532948.
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碩士國立中興大學
機械工程學系所
103
This paper discusses the regenerative heat exchanger of the glass furnace operating conditions and energy efficiency analysis, high-temperature combustion air is one of the most advanced combustion technology and its function in the recovery of waste heat and preheat the air, the glass industry department is a high energy-consuming industries one of the major energy-consuming part of the glass furnace, thus saving glass industry innovation and furnace for domestic saving and environmental protection of a pivotal position. In today''s high energy prices and environmental factors, the glass industry is also a major challenge.Because fuel consumption and air pollution is very large, how to balance environmental protection, energy saving and quality among maximize the cost-effectiveness of the glass industry today is the most important issue of the whole. The study also investigate regenerative glass furnace heat exchanger used as the next years, at different loading kiln and the combustion temperature dependence of the overall energy consumption of the furnace, and in accordance with the switching time regenerator bed regenerator heat recovery efficiency. The results show that: the furnace load variation amount of the intake air temperature level of combustion will affect the combustion temperature in the furnace and the combustion air and fuel consumption, to improve the timely loading of the kiln will be effective in reducing the intake of combustion air consumption and effectively improve the overall energy consumption of the furnace. Regenerative heat exchange capacity of each indoor Port life length as the furnace, the heat exchange efficiency of the constantly changing, and the size of the heat storage material bed has a switching time interaction on the heat recovery efficiency, the current heat exchange efficiency of the furnace as a whole about 74%. Keywords: refractory, furnace, heat exchange, thermal storage
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Chien-ChihYen and 嚴千智. "Study of Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer Behaviors in a Glass Melting Furnace by Numerical Modeling and Experimental Observation." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/37597532249794880905.
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博士國立成功大學
材料科學及工程學系碩博士班
99
The production of glass is a very complicated process which involves a number of physical and chemical phenomena. The quality requirement of glass substrate for liquid crystal display (LCD) is much higher and the design requirements of a glass furnace are of a critical and complex nature. The cleanliness of alkali-free glass is one of the most critical qualities of the LCD glass. Due to high temperature operation, it is extremely difficult to observe the glass flow patterns and temperature fields inside the glass-melting furnace. The number of defects in glasses is considered to directly depend on flow and heat transfer behaviors in the molten glass zone. The full-scale experiments in an actual furnace are then very costly and dangerous because of the severe environment. The physical modeling and mathematical modeling methods allow for a clear picture of mass exchange in the glass-melting furnace and enables for recommendations to be made on furnace operation. In this study, the effects of process conditions such as air bubbling, top radiation heating and electrode heating in a melting furnace on the cleanliness of alkali-free glass, which is characterized by the residence time and trajectories of tracer particles, is investigated by reduced physical models and mathematical model based on the SOLA-VOF technique. For the effects of top radiation heating, hot spot was observed in the front part of physical model. The effects of radiation heating can enhance the effects of glass melting. For the effects of electrode heating, two small zones of circulation were observed in the vicinity of the electrodes. The first one was in the region between the inlet and the first row of electrodes, and the other one was in the region between the third row of electrodes and the bubblers. The circulations can increase the melting efficiency, residence time and the effects of fining and homogenization. For the effects of gas bubbling, the stirring range, the particle trajectory and residence time increased with gas flow rate. This promotes the effects of refining and homogenization in the glass melting tank and finally enhances the quality of the glass melt. The results showed that the effect of bubbling on residence time is larger than that of top radiation heating which is then larger than that of electrode heating when one single process variable is considered. For the effect of the coupling of two process variables, the dual effect of bubbling and radiation is better than that of bubbling and electrode which is in turn better than that of radiation and electrode. As all three devices were all turned on, it was found that the most desirable condition to obtain clean glass is bubbling with electrode temperature of 50℃ and radiation temperature of 100℃.
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Wiltzsch, Sven. "Theoretische Betrachtung des Glasschmelzprozesses in Glasschmelzöfen." Doctoral thesis, 2013. https://tubaf.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A22917.
Full textAbstract:
Die vorliegende Arbeit beinhaltet die theoretische Betrachtung des Glasschmelzprozesses in Glasschmelzöfen und die Darstellung von fünf Bewertungsprinzipien zur qualitativen Bewertung von Glasschmelztechnologien für die Abschmelz-, Restquarz- und Läuterzone. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass zum verbesserten Einschmelzen des Gemenges nicht nur der Energieeintrag, sondern auch der Abtransport der neu entstehenden Schmelze intensiviert werden muss. Bei der qualitativen Bewertung und der Auswahl von Schmelztechnologien zur Beschleunigung der Restquarzlösung wurde dargestellt, dass der Einfluss der Schmelztechnologie auf das Verweilzeitverhalten und damit rückwirkend auf die Effizienz der Restquarzlösezone bei der Vorauswahl von Schmelztechnologien berücksichtigt werden muss. Für die Läuterzone wurde nachgewiesen, dass zwei teils in der Literatur diskutierte Bewertungsprinzipien zur Läuterung von Glasschmelzen abzulehnen sind bzw. zu überschätzten Aussagen zur Effizienz von Läutertechnologien führen. Weiterhin konnte gezeigt werden, dass für den theoretischen Fall einer Läuterbank ohne Konvektionsströmungen die Blasenwachstumsgeschwindigkeiten für Konstruktionen mit minimalen Kosten im Bereich von 4-12*10-7 m/s mit möglichen Ausreißern zu 5*10-6 m/s bei Massengläsern liegen sollten.
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Lin, Tai-Wei, and 林泰瑋. "Synthesis of ZnO tetrapod nanocrystals on FTO glass substrate by furnace method and their application of dye-sensitized solar cells." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/67505275597859558614.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣海洋大學
光電科學研究所
98
Zinc oxide (ZnO) nano-tetrapods were deposited on FTO glass substrate at 500 ℃ by furnace method. The samples were used to combine with N-719 or N3 dyes to fabricate two kinds of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Under the optimal conditions, an AM1.5 power conversion efficiency of 0.40% was achieved for N3 immersed DSSC and 0.68% was achieved for N-719 immersed DSSC, respectively. SEM images showed that we successfully grew the ZnO nano-tetrapods on FTO glass substrate at 500℃. The X-ray diffraction patterns confirm that the ZnO tetrapods are quasi-aligned predominantly with (002) orientation. The photoluminescence (PL) spectra of the ZnO tetrapods exhibit the near band-edge emission at 3.2 eV with no discernible defect emission, and this confirmed that our ZnO tetrapods are of good crystallinity. The ZnO nano-tetrapods grown at 500 ℃ have larger surface area than the simple one dimensional nanostructures, and then offer the lager area for dye adsorptions. With the larger surface area and higher crystalline quality, the DSSCs based on our ZnO nano-tetrapods show the good overall conversion efficiency.