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1
Esong, Ivo Epie. "Compression buckling of glass fibre reinforced cylinders." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.322666.
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Borhan, Tumadhir Merawi. "Thermal and structural behaviour of basalt fibre reinforced glass concrete." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2011. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/thermal-and-structural-behaviour-of-basalt-fibre-reinforced-glass-concrete(2fcc3a9a-2012-4261-966b-4ff37420e032).html.
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This study aims to produce a type of concrete with both good thermal and mechanical properties by using environmentally friendly and low cost materials. In addition, the resistance of this concrete to fire conditions was investigated. The experimental work comprises two parts. In the first part, recycled glass was used as a partial replacement for natural sand (at proportions 20%, 40% and 60%) together with basalt fibre having different volume fractions (0.1%, 0.3%, and 0.5%). The results obtained from the experimental work showed that the optimum content is 20% glass and at 28 days, there was a 4.23% and 15% enhancement in the compressive strength and the splitting tensile strength respectively. Above 20% glass there was a slight reduction (6.6% and 22%) in the compressive strength and the splitting tensile strength when 60% glass was used. The results also showed that when glass sand and basalt fibre content increase, there is a decrease in the thermal conductivity range from 4.35% to 50% at temperature levels between 60oC to 600oC. The structural behaviour of this type of concrete was investigated in the second part of this study by carrying out small-scale slab tests at ambient and elevated temperatures. The results show that there is an increase in the load carrying capacity above the theoretical yield line load, due to membrane action, for all percentages of glass and volume fractions of basalt fibre ranging from 1.35 to 1.68 for the slab tested at ambient temperature and from 3.13 to 3.26 for the slabs tested at elevated temperature. Also the slabs with higher glass sand and basalt fibre content had a higher load enhancement and failed at a higher displacement compared to the control mix.A comparison between the simplified method and the finite element software package ABAQUS showed that the ABAQUS model gives reasonable predictions for the load-vertical displacement and the temperature-displacement relationships at both ambient and elevated temperature conditions, while the simplified method gives conservative predictions for the maximum allowable vertical displacement for the slab at elevated temperature. A parametric study showed that a 10 mm cover depth is the optimum depth as well as the reinforcement temperature predicted reduced with increasing load ratio (applied load/yield line load).
3
Bushby, Andrew John. "Structure and properties of glass-fibre reinforced cements." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.404239.
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Cheung, Wai-lam, and 張惠林. "The interfacial properties of glass fibre reinforced polypropylene." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1990. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31231792.
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Hejda, Marek. "Deformation micromechanics of single glass fibre reinforced composites." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.491333.
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The current work presents for the first time the application of luminescence spectroscopy in following the micromechanical deformation of glass fibre reinforced composites; this has been achieved using luminescence-active glass fibres prepared from glass doped with small amounts of Sm3+. Glass prepared in this way exhibited several relatively sharp and intense luminescence peaks observed in the range 550 nm to 700 nm. The luminescence band located at 648 nm was used for the calibration of the local strain state of the fibre due to its distinctive linear shift towards lower wavelengths with increasing strain and the factors affecting this shift were studied in detail. The fragmentation of both untreated and silane-treated Sm3+ doped glass fibre has been followed in detail and the behaviour analysed using a classical shear-lag analysis. Silane treatment slightly enhanced adhesion between glass fibre and epoxy resin, which was confirmed by a supplementary fragmentation study, which employed carbon nanotubes dispersed in the silane agent as an additional strain sensor. This work has demonstrated luminescence spectroscopy as a new significant development in the ability to follow local mechanics of the interface between glass fibres and transparent resins.
6
Ah-Teck, Tommy C. T. "Formability of long glass-fibre reinforced polypropylene sheet." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.329863.
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Cheung, Wai-lam. "The interfacial properties of glass fibre reinforced polypropylene /." [Hong Kong] : University of Hong Kong, 1990. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B12718634.
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Abidin, Mohd Hanafiah Bin. "Fatigue behaviour of glass fibre reinforced polyurethane acrylate." Thesis, Swansea University, 2002. https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa42552.
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A comprehensive study of the fatigue behaviour of a polyurethane acrylate resin and glass fibre reinforced composites has been undertaken. In the first part, three types of resins were tested: polyurethane vinyl ester, polyester and polyurethane acrylate, which was formulated to have superior properties. Three different types of glass fibre cloth were used for reinforcement, a woven roving and two novel stitch bonded Ulticloths. The [0/90]2s and [+/-45]2s lay-ups were prepared in order to investigate the effects of matrix, cloths and lay-up on fatigue strength and life time. Polyurethane acrylate composites proved to be superior to the polyester resin. The study on damage mechanisms also showed that the first damage was matrix cracking followed by interfacial failure, debonding, delamination and fibre facture which accumulate from the initial cycles until failure. The second part of this study concentrated only on polyurethane acrylate resin reinforced with Ulticloth [90/0]2s and Biaxial Ulticloth [+/-45]4 lay-ups. The data were produced to compare the effect of environment such as air, distilled water and seawater on the composite with tension-tension and tension-compression loading. With the [90/0]2s lay-up the fatigue strength and lifetime were reduced by the presence of distilled water and seawater. Once again, during fatigue testing with R=0.1, microscopic observations showed that these composites suffered severe damage. Samples tested in seawater had more damage compared with samples tested in air and distilled water. The last part of this research was to investigate the modulus degradation during the fatigue life. This investigation revealed that the modulus degradation on all laminates was dependent on stress ratio and lay-up. The modulus of [90/0]2s lay-ups was degraded during fatigue tests and this modulus degradation curve could be divided into three stages. The most clear damage occurring in [+/-45]4 was delamination which happened at both types of stress ratio, R=0.1 and R=-l. Analysis of some microscopic fractography has been carried out to support the observations.
9
Kim, Hyung Sun. "Development of a fibre-reinforced glass-ceramic composite." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/47512.
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Berg, Jolyon. "The role of fibre coatings on interphase formation in glass fibre epoxy resin composites." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.245546.
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Funke, Henrik, Sandra Gelbrich, Lars Ulke-Winter, Lothar Kroll, and Carolin Petzoldt. "An application of asymmetrical glass fibre-reinforced plastics for the manufacture of curved fibre reinforced concrete." Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-178054.
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There was developed a novel technological and constructive approach for the low-cost production of curved freeform formworks, which allow the production of single and double-curved fibre reinforced concrete. The scheduled approach was based on a flexible, asymmetrical multi-layered formwork system, which consists of glass-fibre reinforced plastic (GFRP). By using of the unusual anisotropic structural behavior, these GFRP formwork elements permitted a specific adjustment of defined curvature. The system design of the developed GFRP formwork was examined exhaustively. There were designed, numerically computed and produced prototypical curved freeform surfaces with different curvature radii.
The fibre reinforced concrete had a compressive strength of 101.4 MPa and a 3-point bending tensile strength of 17.41 MPa. Beyond that, it was ensured that the TRC had a high durability, which has been shown by the capillary suction of de-icing solution and freeze thaw test with a total amount of scaled material of 874 g/m² and a relative dynamic E-Modulus of 100% after 28 freeze-thaw cycles.
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Patel, Harish. "Hemp fibre reinforced sheet moulding compounds." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2012. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/8783.
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Glass fibres are by far the most extensively used fibre reinforcement in thermosetting composites because of their excellent cost-performance ratio. However, glass fibres have some disadvantages such as non- renewability and problems with ultimate disposal at the end of a materials lifetime since they cannot be completely thermally incinerated. The possibility of replacing E-glass fibres with hemp fibres as reinforcement in sheet moulding compounds (SMC) is examined in this thesis. The composites are manufactured with existing SMC processing techniques and similar resin formulation as used in the commercial industry. An attempt is made to enhance/optimise the mechanical properties of hemp/polyester composites. For this the fibre-matrix interface is modified via chemical modifications with alkaline and silane treatments. Influence of hemp fibre volume fraction, calcium carbonate (CaCO3)filler content and fibre-matrix interface modification on the mechanical properties of hemp fibre-mat-reinforced sheet moulding compounds (H-SMC) is studied. The results of H-SMC composites are compared to E-glass fibre-reinforced sheet moulding compounds (G-SMC). In order to get a better insight in the importance of these different parameters for the optimisation of composite performance, the experimental results are compared with theoretical predictions made using modified micromechanical models such as Cox-Krenchel and Kelly- Tyson for random short-fibre-reinforced composites. These models are supplemented with parameters of composite porosity to improve the prediction of natural fibre composite tensile properties. The influence of impact damage on the residual exural strength of the H-SMC composites is investigated to improve the understanding of impact response of natural fibre reinforced composites. The result of penetration and absorbed energies during non-penetrating impact of H-SMC composites are investigated and compared to values for G-SMC. A simple mechanistic model has been developed for H-SMC composites and is used to get an insight into the impact behaviour of these composite as well as to provide a guideline to compare the experimental results with theoretically calculated data. The fracture toughness properties in terms of the critical-stress-intensity factor KIc, and critical strain energy release rate, GIc, of H-SMC and G-SMC composites are studied using the compact tension (CT) method. It was shown that fracture toughness of H-SMC composites is significantly lower than that of glass fibre reinforced composites (G- SMC). However, results show that with an optimum combination of fibre volume fraction, (CaCO3) filler and surface treatment of the hemp fibres can result in H-SMC composites that have fracture toughness properties that can be exploited for low to medium range engineering applications. It is recommended that to further improve the fracture toughness properties of these natural fibre reinforced composites more research needs to be devoted to the optimization of the fibre-matrix interface properties and ways of reducing porosity content in these composites. Finally, environmental impact of H-SMC composite with conventional G-SMC composite for automotive and non-automotive applications was compared. The composites were assumed to be made in a traditional SMC manufacturing method. Two different types of performance requirements; i.e. stiffness and strength were investigated for both the non-automotive and automotive parts. Two different disposal scenarios: landfill and incineration of the SMC product at the end of life was considered. The LCA results demonstrate that the environmental impact of H-SMC composites is lower than the reference G-SMC composites. G-SMC composites have a significantly higher environmental impact on climate change, acidification and fossil fuels than H-SMC composites. Where as H-SMC composites have a much higher impact on land use and ecotoxicity than G-SMC composites.
13
Gunay, Volkan. "Sol-gel processing of fibre reinforced glass and glass-ceramic matrix composites." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.399683.
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Green, Stuart. "Creep behaviour of short glass fibre reinforced nylon 66." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.279696.
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Sheard, P. A. "Transverse and environmental cracking of glass fibre reinforced plastic." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.374663.
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Shin, Dong-Woo. "Microstructure-property relationships of SiC fibre-reinforced borosilicate glass." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.282096.
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Wells, Garry Michael. "The transverse mechanical behaviour of glass fibre reinforced plastics." Thesis, University of Bath, 1987. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.380692.
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Kretsis, George. "Mechanical characterisation of hybrid glass/carbon fibre-reinforced plastics." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/46982.
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Yan, Ying. "Finite element analysis and characterisation of fibre and fabric reinforced composites." Thesis, University of Ulster, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.385688.
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Lau, Shuk-lei. "Rehabilitation of reinforced concrete beam-column joints using glass fibre reinforced polymer sheets." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2005. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B32001630.
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Lau, Shuk-lei, and 劉淑妮. "Rehabilitation of reinforced concrete beam-column joints using glass fibre reinforced polymer sheets." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2005. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B32001630.
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O'Reagan, Desmond F. "Designing with long fibre reinforced polyamides : practice and theory." Thesis, University of Ulster, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.386228.
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Swait, Timothy J. "Interfacial optimisation of glass fibre reinforced composites by plasma polymerisation." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.527232.
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McClelland, Alan Nigel Robert. "The injection moulding of long glass fibre reinforced thermoplastic materials." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.235520.
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White, Roger John. "Environmental creep mechanisms in glass/polyester composites." Thesis, University of Bath, 1985. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.353403.
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A previous study, looking at the creep-rupture behaviour of mixed reinforcement GRP when immersed in water, had discovered that low loads, behaviour became temperature sensitive. Since the recorded time to failure of a sample was reduced at elevated temperatures, from that predicted by a linear extrapolation of the short term creep-rupture results, this deviation caused problems in the accurate prediction of long-term design stresses. In order to improve the accuracy of long term design predictions, it was decided to study the mechanisms of creep in GRP that initiates time dependent failure. From this, it was hoped that accurate design criteria suitable for predicting GRP response over a 30 year design life from short term creep tests, could be developed. This thesis reports the results obtained from such a study. A series of creep tests were performed on mixed reinforcement GRP samples at several stress levels, both in air, and in room temperature distilled water, using a microcomputer based data collection system. In conjunction with this work, damage development in samples, due to combinations of water uptake and creep loading, was followed, using both scanning electron, and optical, microscopy. Moisture uptake measurements were undertaken under a series of load/temperature regimes, and fibre/matrix debonding followed using photographic techniques. In this way, water absorption, both in terms of uptake rate, and location within a sample, could be characterised. Tensile tests were also performed to determine the standard mechanical properties of the mixed reinforcement GRP used. It was found that a critical damage state was created at loads in excess of 50% of ultimate, but not below. This took the form of between 2 and 8 neighbouring filament breaks in the longitudinal woven rovings at weave crossover points, producing microcracks in the reinforcement. The creation of this multifilament fracture damage during primary creep, was considered to be necessary for time dependent failure to occur in air. Secondary greep strain was found to increase in discrete steps, both in air and water. This was attributed to the formation of transverse grasks in the longitudinal woven rovings, propogating from the above critical damage. In water, diffusion was found to be non-Fickian. Moisture uptake increased with increases in applied load and temperature. Water was seen to accumulate at weave cross-over points when immersed under load. This led to stress-enhanced fibre corrosion in these regions, weakening the reinforcement, and reducing the failure time from that expected at the same load level in air. The localised nature of moisture degradation was thought to result in the formation of critical fibre damage at loads below 50% of ultimate, when immersed in water. Two design criteria based on the observed creep mechanisms, have been developed for GRP that predict response when loaded in either air, or water. Both predict the existence of creep-rupture limits at low loads.
26
Demir, Adem. "Silicon carbide fibre reinforced #beta#-sialon ceramics." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.391291.
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Vilanova, Marco Irene. "Bond-slip and cracking behaviour of glass fibre reinforced polymer reinforced concrete tensile members." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/328720.
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In this work, a methodology has been developed to implement the bond behaviour between concrete and GFRP bars in the numerical modelling. Based on experimental results and applying the inverse method, the bond law to be used in the numerical model is obtained.
The thesis continues with two experimental campaigns on GFRP RC elements under tensile sustained loads. The first experimental campaign consisted in testing GFRP RC elements with different target concrete strengths. The tests were carried out for a period between 35 a 39 days. Experimental results were compared with analytical codes for steel RC structures. The second experimental campaign consists on the analysis of bond of such structures under sustained load. The specimens were tested for a period between 90 and 130 days. Slip stabilization was observed to occur at 60 days after the beginning of the tests.En aquest treball s’ha desenvolupat una metodologia que permet la implementació del comportament adherent entre formigó i barres de material compost en la modelització numèrica. A partir de resultats experimentals i aplicant un mètode invers s’obtenen les lleis d’adherència aptes per ser incorporades a la modelització numèrica. Com a continuació de l’estudi s’han portat a terme dues campanyes experimentals en elements sotmesos a càrrega de tracció mantinguda. La primera campanya experimental va consistir en l’assaig de tirants de formigó variant la resistència del formigó. Els espècimens van estar sotmesos a càrrega mantinguda durant un període de 35-39 dies. Els resultats es van comparat amb models analítics existents per reforç estructural d’acer. En la segona campanya experimental es va aprofundir en l’estudi de l’adherència a llarg termini. Els espècimens van estar sotmesos a càrrega mantinguda durant un període de 90-130 dies observant una estabilització del lliscament 60 dies després de l’inici dels assaigs.
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Aasrum, Pål Einar. "A numerical and experimental investigation of glass fibre reinforced epoxy pipes /." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0016/MQ55014.pdf.
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Jaffry, Syed Ali Debaj. "Concrete filled glass fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP) shells under concentric compression." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ58768.pdf.
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Hill, Alistair R. "The mechanical properties of glass fibre reinforced and rubber toughened polypropylene." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1991. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/843764/.
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The mechanical properties and fracture mechanics of a series of short glass fibre reinforced and rubber toughened polypropylene composite grades has been studied. The microstructural characteristics of composite grades were examined and, through appropriate models, related to the observed mechanical properties. The moulded material was modelled as being composed of fibre reinforced plies of varying average fibre orientation. The rubber was distributed uniformly throughout the specimens. The main effect of the rubber was to reduce the stiffness of the matrix and hence also the efficiency of the load transfer at the fibre/matrix interface while at the same time improving the fracture toughness and critical strain energy release rate of the matrix. Automated image analysis has been used to characterise the rubber particles' size, shape and distribution, and glass fibres' length and orientation distributions. The fibre/matrix interface has been studied using a novel single fibre fragmentation technique. Iterative computer simulations have been developed to accurately predict the stress-strain response of the various grades. The fracture mechanics properties of this series of materials are highly strain rate sensitive. At low strain rates the addition of glass fibres reduces the toughness of the material because the fibres act as discontinuities within the matrix, aiding initiation and propagation of a crack. At higher strain rates the fibres toughen the material by increasing the energy dissipation associated with fibre pull-out. These effects result in changes in the fracture surface morphology. Fibres pulled-out at low strain rates had clean surfaces. At higher strain rates the surfaces of pulled-out fibres were coated in an adherent sheath of matrix material. These effects are considered to be a consequence of the viscoelastic nature of the matrix. At low strain rates the matrix deforms plastically. At impact speeds the matrix responds in a predomoninantly brittle manner.
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Saleh, Najia M. "Bond of glass fibre reinforced polymer bars in high strength concrete." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/17361.
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Very limited research studies have been conducted to examine bond of glass fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP) bars with high concrete strength. The current research project aims to compare between bond measured from a pull-out test and a hinged beam test for GFRP bars embedded in high strength concrete. Different parameters influencing bond such as GFRP bar diameter, embedment length and surface configuration were investigated in both test methods, while the bar position, i.e. top or bottom, was only studied in hinged beams.
Seventy-two pull-out cubes, eight pull-out prisms and twenty-four hinged beams reinforced with GFRP bars were constructed and tested to failure. Twelve pull-out cubes and four hinged beams reinforced with steel bars were also tested for comparison purposes. The results showed that bond stress – slip curves obtained from various testing methods were similar, consisting of high initial stiffness, followed by nonlinear ascending and softening branches. In addition, it was found that the experimental bond strength obtained from hinged beams was higher than both bond strengths measured by the pull-out cube and pull-out prism. However, when a finite element analysis was conducted for hinged beams, it was shown that the tensile force in the reinforcing bar estimated by equilibrium conditions is overestimated as the large deformation of hinged beams at failure was not considered. Therefore, if the tensile force obtained from the finite element analysis is used to calculate the bond strength, it would be similar to that obtained from pull-out cube and prism. Moreover, it was found that the distribution of tensile and bond stresses was nonlinear along the GFRP embedment length and bond stress at the vicinity of the free end increased with increasing the load due to redistribution of bond stresses along the embedment length.
Bond strengths were compared against the prediction methods provided in ACI-440.1R, CSA-S806, CSA-S6 and JSCE 1997. In general, all design codes showed conservative results for all specimens tested and ACI predictions gave a good agreement with experimental data compared to other codes.
Artificial neural network models were developed to predict bond strength of GFRP bars in concrete. These models used bar diameter, embedment length, concrete compressive strength and concrete cover as input variables. The developed ANN models showed to be able to predict bond strength of GFRP bars in concrete and, therefore, were used to conduct a parametric study.Higher Education Institute, Government of Libya
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Saleh, N., Ashraf F. Ashour, and Therese Sheehan. "Bond between glass fibre reinforced polymer bars and high - strength concrete." ElSevier, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/17246.
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YesIn this study, bond properties of glass fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP) bars embedded in high-strength concrete (HSC) were experimentally investigated using a pull-out test. The experimental program consisted of testing 84 pull-out specimens prepared according to ACI 440.3R-12 standard. The testing of the specimens was carried out considering bar diameter (9.5, 12.7 and 15.9 mm), embedment length (2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 times bar diameter) and surface configuration (helical wrapping with slight sand coating (HW-SC) and sand coating (SC)) as the main parameters. Twelve pull-out specimens reinforced with 16 mm steel bar were also tested for comparison purposes. Most of the specimens failed by a pull-out mode. Visual inspection of the tested specimens reinforced with GFRP (HW-SC) bars showed that the pull-out failure was due to the damage of outer bar surface, whilst the detachment of the sand coating was responsible for the bond failure of GFRP (SC) reinforced specimens. The bond stress – slip behaviour of GFRP (HW-SC) bars is different from that of GFRP (SC) bars and it was also found that GFRP (SC) bars gave a better bond performance than GFRP (HW-SC) bars. It was observed that the reduction rate of bond strength of both GFRP types with increasing the bar diameter and the embedment length was reduced in the case of high-strength concrete. Bond strength predictions obtained from ACI-440.1R, CSAeS806, CSA-S6 and JSCE design codes were compared with the experimental results. Overall, all design guidelines were conservative in predicting bond strength of both GFRP bars in HSC and ACI predictions were closer to the tested results than other codes.
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GuzmaÌn, J. Fernando GuilleÌn. "Cooling rate effects in glass reinforced thermoplastic-based fibre metal laminates." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.399210.
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Attou, Abdelkader. "Cracking and stress corrosion cracking in glass fibre materials using acoustic emission." Thesis, Robert Gordon University, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.277702.
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Pollard, Andrew. "The mechanical performance of reinforced plastics in a deep sea environment." Thesis, University of Salford, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.239987.
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Al, Ajami Abdulhamid. "Punching shear of concrete flat slabs reinforced with fibre reinforced polymer bars." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/16864.
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Fibre reinforcement polymers (FRP) are non-corrodible materials used instead of
conventional steel and have been approved to be an effective way to overcome
corrosion problems. FRP, in most cases, can have a higher tensile strength, but
a lower tensile modulus of elasticity compared to that of conventional steel bars.
This study aimed to examine flat slab specimens reinforced with glass fibre
reinforced polymer (GFRP) and steel bar materials for punching shear behaviour.
Six full-scale two-way slab specimens were constructed and tested under
concentric load up to failure. One of the main objectives is to study the effect of
reinforcement spacing with the same reinforcement ratio on the punching shear
strength. In addition, two other parameters were considered, namely, slab depth,
and compressive strength of concrete.
The punching shear provisions of two code of practises CSA S806 (Canadian
Standards 2012) and JSCE (JSCE et al. 1997) reasonably predicted the load
capacity of GFRP reinforced concrete flat slab, whereas, ACI 440 (ACI
Committee 440 2015) showed very conservative load capacity prediction.
On the other hand, a dynamic explicit solver in nonlinear finite element (FE)
modelling is used to analyse a connection of column to concrete flat slabs
reinforced with GFRP bars in terms of ultimate punching load. All FE modelling was performed in 3D with the appropriate adoption of element size and mesh.
The numerical and experimental results were compared in order to evaluate the
developed FE, aiming to predict the behaviour of punching shear in the concrete
flat slab. In addition, a parametric study was created to explore the behaviour of
GFRP reinforced concrete flat slab with three parameters, namely, concrete
strength, shear load perimeter to effective depth ratio, and, flexural reinforcement
ratio. It was concluded that the developed models could accurately capture the
behaviour of GFRP reinforced concrete flat slabs subjected to a concentrated
load.
Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) is used in this research to predict punching
shear strength, and the results were shown to match more closely with the
experimental results. A parametric study was performed to investigate the effects
of five parameters on punching shear capacity of GFRP reinforced concrete flat
slab. The parametric investigation revealed that the effective depth has the most
substantial impact on the load carrying capacity of the punching shear followed
by reinforcement ratio, column perimeter, the compressive strength of the
concrete, and, the elastic modulus of the reinforcement.
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Williams, Gareth. "Development of self-healing carbon fibre reinforced plastic utilising an embedded hollow glass fibre delivery system." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/f6eeac30-dbc3-44f2-9911-8f5b6a877ba3.
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There is a drive for modem engineering structures to exploit the excellent specific properties of advanced fibre reinforced composite materials, particularly in aerospace, where manufacturers are under intense pressure to reduce costs and engineer lighter more efficient aircraft. However it is widely recognised that the susceptibility of these materials to transverse impact damage is restricting the extent to which these benefits can be exploited.
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Trtik, Pavel. "Aspects of micromechanical properties of cement-based materials." Thesis, University of the West of Scotland, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.365055.
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The research reported in this thesis deals mainly with the use of novel nanotechnology-based testing methods in the field of cement-based composites. The existing knowledge of indentation test methods is presented and reviewed. The research presented focuses on the development and pilot usage of depth-sensing indentation (DSI) test methods. The use of DSI test methods for cement-based materials covers two distinct areas. The first area includes the testing of micromechanical properties of cement pastes/matrices. The development in DSI test methods allows direct measurements of properties, such as hardness, elastic modulus, etc., at microscale. Special attention is paid to assessment of interfacial regions in such cement-based materials. In the second area, DSI test methods are used for assessment of interfacial properties of fibre reinforced cementitious composites, with focus being directed to composites reinforced by bundles of microfilaments. A new push-out test method for individual microfilaments collated in a bundle and embedded in cementitious matrix is proposed and developed. Novel use of other nanotechnology-based techniques, such as focused ion beam (FIB) techniques, forms another part of this thesis. The focused ion beam milling technique was utilised for production of diamond probes which enabled push-out tests of individual glass microfibres to be carried out. Also, FIB cross-sectioning of indents induced by DSI test methods was performed. This novel research method showed large potential for a better interpretation of the test and an improved understanding of the microfracture processes in cement-based materials. Detailed information about FIB techniques is therefore presented in a separate chapter. The focus of this project has been to develop methods which will enable further systematic research into micromechanical properties of cementitious materials and may lead to the ultimate goal of this investigation - the development of a new generation of materials of improved macromechanical properties and durability.
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Buck, Lyndon. "Furniture design with composite materials." Thesis, Bucks New University, 1997. http://bucks.collections.crest.ac.uk/9977/.
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This thesis examined the feasibility of fibre composite reinforcement in the furniture industry. The development of post war furniture design was reviewed, with particular emphasis on the main design movements and the use of new materials and technologies. The use of fibre composite materials in contemporary furniture was discussed in terms of technical development, environmental effects and psychological acceptance. Fibre reinforcements and adhesives were compared, as were fabrication techniques applicable to the existing British furniture industry. Particular emphasis has been placed on the fibre reinforcement of laminated timber sections as a method of overcoming many of the manufacturing problems of composites. Methods of analysing the behaviour under load of fibre reinforced laminated wood were reviewed. Resistance among the furniture buying public to modem, non-traditional furniture design was discussed, along with ways of making composite materials more aesthetically acceptable. Experimentation to determine the mechanical properties of fibre composite reinforced wood against wood control samples was undertaken, along with methods used to analyse the results for flat and curved samples. Modulus of elasticity, modulus of rupture and impact strength were measured, as was the level of distortion of the samples before and after testing. A full size chair form was produced to demonstrate the behaviour of the material on a larger scale. The development of the design was discussed in terms of ergonomic requirements, aesthetics, practicality and environmental concerns. The problem of predicting the behaviour of complex shapes was discussed and a finite element analysis of the form is carried out to gain an accurate picture of the composite's performance. Production of fibre reinforced materials was discussed, along with the furniture industry's reluctance to invest in new materials and technologies. The feasibility of adapting traditional furniture making skills and equipment to the production of fibre composite reinforced wood has been assessed.
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Nensi, Tahera. "A study of stress-induced whitening in glass fibre reinforced epoxy laminates." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1988. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/844140/.
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The aim of this study has been to investigate stress-induced whitening in glass fibre/epoxy (0,90)s laminates and to develop a technique to monitor the low strain damage associated with it. The effect of resin cure, laminate geometry, heat treatment and surface finish of glass fibres on the extent and development of damage has also been studied. It has been found that the whitening is caused by the development of micro-cracks in the resin. The micro-cracks developed in the 90° ply and occurred predominantly at or near points of contact between fibres where the strain magnification in the resin is highest. The cracks occurred near the fibre/matrix interface and extended into the resin with the crack faces lying at 90° to the loading axis. Careful observation under oblique illumination conditions has shown that the whitening effect is preceded by other colour effects so that the laminate is observed to gradually change colour from an original blue through to red or white depending on the level of cure of the matrix resin. The whitening is a result of ordinary diffuse reflections from cracks that are larger than the wavelength of light and occurs when the level of cure of the matrix system is low while the reddening is the result of Rayleigh or Mie scattering from cracks that are smaller than the wavelength of light and occurs when the level of cure of the matrix is high. An off-axis LASER diffraction technique has been developed to monitor the amount of damage in the transverse ply of laminates by measurement of the intensity of light diffracted by the micro-cracks. In addition to confirming the results obtained from photomicroscopy, it revealed that decreasing the inner 90° ply thickness in (0,90)s laminates resulted in a substantial increase in the amount of micro damage in the laminate. Heat treatment of the laminate after testing resulted in the disappearance of whitening and healing of micro-cracks in the resin which continues to cure during heat treatment. Successive heat treatments reduced the size of micro-cracks which developed on reloading. In addition to decreasing the rate of re-development of the original cracks on reloading, the heat treatment reduced the rate of development of "new" cracks formed at higher applied strains.
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Purnell, Philip. "The durability of glass fibre reinforced cements made with new cementitious matrices." Thesis, Aston University, 1998. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/13285/.
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Matrices with reduced alkalinities and Ca(OH)2 contents are being developed; the aim of this study was to investigate their hydration and interaction with alkali-resistant fibres to determine the factors controlling their long-term durability, and assess the relevancy of accelerated ageing. The matrices studied were: OPC/calcium-sulphoaluminate cement plus metakaolin (C); OPC plus metakaolin (M); blast-furnace slag cement plus a micro-silica based additive (D); and OPC (O). Accelerated ageing included hot water and cyclic regimes prior to tensile testing. Investigations included pore solution expression, XRD, DTA/TG, SEM and optical petrography. Bond strength was determined from crack spacings using microstructural parameters obtained from a unique image analysis technique. It was found that, for the new matrices - pore solution alkalinities were lower; Ca(OH)2 was absent or quickly consumed; different hydrates were formed at higher immersion temperatures; degradation under 65°C immersion was an order of magnitude slower, and no interfilamental Ca(OH)2 was observed. It was concluded that: fibre weakening caused by flaw growth was the primary degradation mechanism and was successfully modelled on stress corrosion/static fatigue principles. OPC inferiority was attributed partly to its higher alkalinity but chiefly to the growth of Ca(OH)2 aggravating the degradation; and hot water ageing although useful in model formulation and contrasting the matrices, changed the intrinsic nature of the composites rather than simply accelerating the degradation mechanisms.
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Zhu, Wenzhong. "Effect of ageing on durability and micro-fracture mechanism of fibre reinforced cement composites." Thesis, University of the West of Scotland, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.259743.
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Zahir, Aishath Zehereen. "Degradation of e-glass fibre in selected organic acids." Curtin University of Technology, Department of Applied Chemistry, 2008. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=128425.
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E-glass has been widely used as a reinforcing material for years, especially as a plastic reinforcer in the production of GRP (Glass Reinforced Plastic). Failure of GRP materials under stress came in to the picture quite recently. Since then studies have been conducted in an attempt to understand the causes and the underlying behaviour.Except for the last section of the research (analysis using a kinetic approach) where glass fibre was cut out to weigh approximately 1.0g, standard sized specimens were soaked in the required acid solutions of desired concentrations for varying temperatures and time frames. Wherever tensile strength retention was measured, LLOYD instrument was employed. Leaching of the cations were analysed using Inductively Coupled Plasma – Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES and also know and ICP-AES).
The scope of this project can be divided in to four sections; first section involved investigating the effects of malonic acid. The study of malonic acid was narrowed to investigating the trend in strength retention. A rapid strength loss was observed initially followed by a much steady decline in the strength. However the continuation of the loss of strength was unmistakable throughout the time period of exposure. Furthermore, temperature can be observed as a facilitating factor in this degradation reaction.
Secondly the corrosive effect of glyoxylic acid on E-glass fibre was studied. This was explored at two different temperatures for two specific time frames using various concentrations of the acid of interest. The influence of this acid on the glass fibre was found out in terms of strength retention and loss of cations from the glass matrix. The mildness of this acid was accentuated by the fact that 70% or more of the strength was retained at all the conditions employed. A minima in strength retention was observed at 2M acid concentration similar to the trends observed in the past (Betz and Jones 2003 and Jones and Chandler 1986). Leaching of cations reflected this trend. The large strength retention could be related to the fewer amounts of Ca and K leached from the glass matrix (Kumosa and Qui, 1997). Similar to malonic acid, an unusually large amount of B was leached out that could be due to the favourable orientation of the anion with the trivalent ions during the complex formation. Yet again temperature was found to enhance the degradation process.
Next the extent of passivation (if any) showed by malonic acid was investigated using E-glass fibre pre-treated in 5M malonic acid and post treated in known corrosive acids hydrochloric acid and oxalic acid. Passivation of malonic acid was put to test through examination of strength retention of the fibres under these conditions. This segment was carried out as an extension of a finding (a behaviour synonymous to passivation) shown by malonic that surfaced the previous year by the present researcher. Increasing the pre-treatment time showed a great improvement in the retained strength for all the post-treatment acid mediums. Furthermore, while Jones and Betz (2004) featured 20-40% strength retention within a short time frame in 3M HCl, the immense amount of strength retention (60-70%) preceding pre-treatment should definitely be noted. Similarly strength retention of about 80% was observed when post-treated with the severely corrosive oxalic acid. Hence its is clear that passivation can be induced through prolonged pre-treatment in 5M malonic acid that could inhibit the attack of corrosive acid at least for a period of time.
The last fragment of the study focussed on understanding and working out the mechanism behind the reactions between the E-glass fibre and acid medium in terms of kinetics. The acids utilized were 1.5M malonic acid and 3M glyoxylic acid and the assessments were made through the analysis of the weight changes brought about by the acid medium at various temperatures and time frames. In addition leaching patterns of cations were evaluated as this could contribute in achieving the objective. Maximum weight loss reached 4% in glyoxylic acid while that for malonic acid exceeded 20%. The general trend was that the glass fibres lost weight in both acids for a period of time followed by an evident weight gain. Furthermore the weight loss results fit the first order rate law. While the leaching of cations reflects the weight loss for the shorter time frames, steady loss of ions was visible even for the longer time frames where the weight has increased. The weight gain could be explained in terms of binding of anions to certain cations on the glass surface, accounting for the hindrance in the loss of cations at the longer time frames as well. About 50% of weight loss was associated to Ca while 20% was to Al, leaving 6% to B where as the rest of the ions had shown almost insignificant contribution to the weight loss.
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Worner, Victoria Jane. "Use of Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) reinforcing bars for concrete bridge decks." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Civil & Natural Resources, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/10724.
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Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) bars have been developed as an alternative to steel reinforcement for various structural concrete applications. Due to their non-corrossive nature, they are particularly suited for harsh environments where steel reinforcement is prone to corrosion. The purpose of this research is to determine the feasibility of GFRP reinforcing bars as concrete bridge deck reinforcement for locations, such as coastal New Zealand, where the non-corrosive benefits of GFRP may offer an alternative to traditional mild steel reinforcement. GFRP use as structural reinforcement may offer life-cycle cost benefits for certain structures as maintenance to repair corroded reinforcement is not necessary. The use of GFRP reinforcement in a New Zealand design context was investigated to directly compare the structural performance of this alternative reinforcing product. Mateen-bar, manufactured by Pultron Composites Ltd, is the GFRP reinforcing bar used in the experimental tests.
Experimental investigation of tensile properties of GFRP bar samples was carried out to understand the mechanical behaviour of GFRP reinforcement and validate the manufacturer’s specifications. This series of tests highlighted the complexities of carrying out tensile testing of FRP products, due to the inability to grip the GFRP directly in a testing machine without crushing the specimen.
Two phases of full-scale tests were carried out to compare the performance of bridge deck slabs reinforced with typical mild steel and GFRP reinforcing bar. This experimental testing was different to most existing research on GFRP reinforced slab performance as it did not compare the performance of a GFRP reinforcing bar area equivalent to steel, but was designed in such a way as to dependably give the same moment capacity of the steel reinforced slab design. This incorporated the recommended limit of 20% of design stress given by the manufacturer which led to an apparent over-reinforced section for the GFRP slab design. The aim of the experiments was to investigate the comparative performance of a typical New Zealand bridge deck design and a GFRP reinforced equivalent designed in such a way as is currently recommended by the manufacturer. The over-reinforcement lead to differences in conclusions drawn by other authors who have studied GFRP reinforced slab behaviour.
Both flexural and concentrated loading (simulating vehicle loading) tests were carried out on both the steel and GFRP reinforced slab designs. Due to over-reinforcement the GFRP slab was considerably stiffer and stronger than the steel design, indicating that serviceability issues are unlikely to be as much of a design issue as existing literature would suggest. Deflection prediction models generally underestimate the strength of over-reinforced sections. All slabs failed in punching shear under concentrated loads, indicating that punching shear may be a critical failure mechanism for GFRP reinforced slabs
Based on the findings from the extensive experimental phases, a set of design recommendations were made to further improve the potential for GFRP to be used for bridge deck design in a New Zealand context.
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Mohammadi, Yaghoub. "Compression creep measurements in pultruded angle sections made of fibre glass reinforced plastic." Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=69738.
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A study aimed at investigating the performance of pultruded fibre glass reinforced plastic (FGRP) materials subjected to both the time-independent and the time-dependent response of angle stubs and coupons was conducted. Angle stubs and coupons were made of isophtalic polyester resin reinforced with an E-glass fibre glass mat of 35%-45% of the weight. The stub dimensions were of 50.8 mm $ times$ 50.8 mm $ times$ 6.35 mm and their length was 305 mm. The compression coupons were cut in a prismatic shape according to ASTM Standard D695-89 with 12.70 mm $ times$ 6.35 mm cross-section and a length of 31.75 mm.In the time-independent short-term study, the FGRP angle stubs and coupons were subjected to axial compression loading with two different testing configurations.
In the time-dependent long-term study, three angle stubs were first subjected to a 350 hour preliminary creep test, followed by 150 hours of creep recovery, with three lengths and configurations of strain gauges. Finally, a last series of tests was carried out on three angle stubs instrumented with 12 5-mm long gauges. Coupon creep tests were carried out in parallel with the stub tests. The total duration of the tests was 2500 hours in creep and 250 hours in creep recovery. Results indicate a scatter in the order of 15% in creep strain measurements after 2500 hours, for both stub and coupon tests. Predictions using Findley's power law with creep parameters determined from the stub tests and coupon tests are in excellent agreement, both with one another and with actual creep strain measurements on the stubs. The Boltzman superposition principle was used to compare the experimental creep recovery results with predictions from Findley's model, and excellent agreement was also observed. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Martens, Michael G. "Biaxial monotonic and fatigue behaviour of a multidirectional glass fibre-reinforced epoxy pipe." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ40086.pdf.
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Wilson, Martin J. "Finite element analysis of glass fibre reinforced thermoplastic composites for structural automotive components." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2003. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/11773/.
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This thesis describes the investigation and development of damage modelling techniques for woven long glass fibre reinforced polypropylene matrix composites. The objective of the work was to develop and validate predictive models for the intralaminar damage behaviour of these materials, with the aim of applying the results to an industrial demonstrator component. Two damage modelling methods were investigated. The first, based on ply-level failure criteria and implemented in an implicit finite element code, was developed and validated using a range of coupon tests for a balanced weave 60% weight fraction commingled glass/polypropylene composite. The second method utilised a model previously implemented in the commercial explicit finite element code, PAMCRASH. This model was calibrated and validated using the same coupon tests as the first model. The models were subsequently used to simulate an industrial demonstrator component, during a two-phase design and development programme. The demonstrator, an automotive side intrusion beam, was designed and predictively modelled using the two damage modelling techniques investigated. Finally, the composite component was compared to a steel side intrusion beam, using a quasi-static vehicle test to a current legislative standard. This test showed comparable performance in terms of strength and stiffness for the two beams. It was concluded that the implicit finite element damage modelling technique can account for the damage and failure modes observed in a woven glass fibre reinforced polypropylene composite, but is limited when considering high levels of material nonlinearity and damage development, due to the stability of the implicit finite element method. It was also concluded that the explicit finite element technique was more suited to the simulation of damage development in thermoplastic matrix composite components, although the research showed that the model investigated was limited when considering shear damaging behaviour in a woven fibre reinforced composite.
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Adediran, Oluseun. "Damage assessment of GFRP (glass fibre reinforced polymer) composite beam using vibration data." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.590654.
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Due to increase in the application of glass fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP) beams based structural systems for rehabilitation of existing and construction of new bridges there is a requirement for identification of critical components of these structural systems and the assessment of damage in this sort structural. The application of vibration-based damage detection (VBDD) techniques has been identified as one of the universal technique that is promising in damage assessment in composite beams. The current study aimed at using vibration-based damage detection technique for assessment of damage exhibited by FRP composite beam structure. This thesis addresses the experimental and numerical study of damage assessment of FRP composite beams using vibration data. Dynamic measurements were carried out considering different specified boundary conditions and the effect of supports on the modal parameters and the effect of damage would be obtained. Another set of experiments were conducted on a Fixed-Free beam with unspecified boundary conditions at the free end, where a mass and a spring attached to the free end and beams were tested for different damage scenarios. Triaxial accelerometers were placed at selected locations based on the result of simple FE beam model. The beams were excited in the two (vertical and horizontal) directions by means of a hammer but only the vertical direction was taken into consideration at this point. The responses at different points along the beam were recorded at different levels of damage and fed into an FIT analyzer. Post-processing of data was done with the stochastic subspace identification (SSI) technique. The effect of the damage on the natural frequencies, mode shapes, and damping ratio were determined. Finite element models for the intact, reference and damaged beams were constructed and used to support the dynamic measurements. FE model updating was applied to different five boundary conditions in order to evaiuate their effect. Damage assessment techniques based on selected methods such as modal frequency change, direct mode shapes, change in modal curvature, damage index method and model updating methods were developed and applied to the beams. A unique test configuration was introduced by combining fixed-free beam with undefmed boundary at the free end. The spring and masses were attached to the free-end, this was implemented for different damage scenarios. The outcome of this implement experiment was discussed and analysed.
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Errajhi, Osama Ali Zorgani. "Mechanical and physical properties of aluminised E-glass fibre reinforced unsaturated polyester composites." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.419044.
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Ham, Alexander. "High temperature erosive wear of a continuous fibre reinforced glass-ceramic matrix composite." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1998. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/804413/.
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