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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Glass trade'
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Saitowitz, Sharma Jeanette. "19th century glass trade beads : from two Zulu royal residences." Thesis, University of Cape Town, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/26093.
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Hopwood, Lisa Eileen. "Glass trade beads from an Elmina shipwreck more than pretty trinkets /." [Pensacola, Fla.] : University of West Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/WFE0000186.
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Thesis (M.A.)--University of West Florida, 2009.Submitted to the Dept. of Anthropology. Title from title page of source document. Document formatted into pages; contains 250 pages. Includes bibliographical references.
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Groll, M. "Thomas and Drake and the transatlantic trade in stained glass, 1900-1950." Thesis, University of York, 2016. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/17480/.
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This research explores the world of Thomas and Drake, a transatlantic art dealership formed by landscape painter George Grosvenor Thomas (1856-1923), his son Roy Thomas (1886-1952), and glass-painter and glazier Wilfred Drake (1879-1948). Together, they were the only art dealers to have specialised solely in the selling and adaption of Medieval and Renaissance stained glass during the first half of the twentieth century, and did so on an unprecedented scale. Handling thousands of panels, their stock now underpins many collections worldwide, underlining their status as exceptionally important and prolific vendors. This thesis provides an in-depth and sustained study of the activities of Thomas and Drake, and its predecessor, the Grosvenor Thomas collection. Unravelling their rich stock, often sourced from English country houses (often from those that were the receptacles for high quality displaced continental stained glass, collected by British aristocrats during the early nineteenth century), this work provides part of the next chapter in the story of the trade and dispersal of European glazing schemes. Stained glass is situated as an important interior design element, especially popular in the revival style mansions of the extremely wealthy, where other original architectonic salvages from once great country estates were also accommodated. The ways in which their stock was physically transformed, both before and after sale, is revealed, as well as the firm’s origins, operations, collaborators, and customers. Sustained analysis of the different phases of collecting undertaken by Glasgow-born William Burrell (1861-1958), the firm’s most longstanding customer (and founder of the internationally significant Burrell Collection museum) illustrates Thomas and Drake’s work in context. This is enhanced by new reconstructions of the layout and glazing of Burrell’s final home, Hutton Castle (Scottish Borders), and transcriptions of the extensive correspondence between Wilfred Drake and William Burrell have been reproduced in full for the first time.
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Spencer, Terence. "Trade unionism and socio-economic development in the Yorkshire glass industry, circa 1840-1940." Thesis, Open University, 1988. http://oro.open.ac.uk/57268/.
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This thesis examines the developmental pattern of trade unionism within the Yorkshire Glass Industry in the century after 1840. The concept of labour aristocracy is utilised to provide a framework for analysis of the actions and ideology of the artisan glassmakers both at the point of production and in a wider societal context. The thesis consists of two parts. Part, One, is a summary of the principal theories which have emerged from the controversy concerning the nature and role of the labour aristocracy and indicates areas of investigation concerning the position of the artisan glassworkers within the context of the ongoing debate. The nature of the principal sources employed together with the methodology utilised to form the overall analysis is discussed and ,a hypothesis is formulated. Part Two of the thesis consists of the analysis of data sources to test the hypothesis. The source material is examined within the context of three chronologically based sections. Each section corresponds to a discernable phase in trade union development within the Yorkshire Glass Industry. The three chronological sections are subdivided into an uneven series of topic headings each dealing with relevant aspects of the trade and trade unionism during the period under review. The arbitrary disruption of the time continuum in order to facilitate the handling of the source material has meant that some sub-topics are common to all three chronological periods whilst others are, perhaps, applicable to one or two only. Section one examines the years 1840 to 1880 which were years of trade union growth and the adoption and consolidation of centralised systems of union administration. The years 1880 to 1910 which form the second section were ones in which the unions under the adverse effects of trade depression, intensified competition both foreign and domestic, and the impact of technological change, suffered enforced retreat and retrenchment before experiencing a brief period of revival at the turn of the present century. The third section, 1910 - 1940, deals with the decline and demise of the craft-based unions in the face of the threat by automatic machine production processes and the adverse effects of the Great War and its economic aftermath.
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Young, Ginny. "A heart of glass women, work culture, and resistance in Huntington, West Virginia's glass industry /." Huntington, WV : [Marshall University Libraries], 2007. http://www.marshall.edu/etd/descript.asp?ref=760.
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Saitowitz, Sharma Jeanette. "Glass beads as indicators of contact and trade in Southern Africa ca. AD 900 - AD 1250." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/19418.
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Luxury goods, used in mediaeval long distance trade ca. AD 900-1250, found an important market among the Iron Age peoples of southern Africa. Indirect evidence of this trade can be seen in the form of archaeological collections of glass beads at sites throughout Africa and Southeast Asia. Thousands of beads have been found at Iron Age sites in the eastern Transvaal Lowveld and at inland sites along the Limpopo Valley and in Botswana. Similar looking types of beads, referred to as small seed beads, were also used in the Muslim mercantile networks and maritime trade in the Indian Ocean, and have been found at coeval sites throughout Southeast Asia, particularly at entrepot ports in India, eastern and western Malaysia and Thailand. At the commencement of the Iron Age occupation of southern African sites, glass beads of any kind were very rare. From ca. AD 900-1000, Islamic influences spread southward along the African east coast. This coincided with the marked increase of glass beads found in southern Africa. Their presence is direct evidence of foreign industry, external trade and contact. The beads are widely believed to have originated in India, and to have been distributed through Arab traders in the Indian Ocean. Exports would have included gold, possibly ivory, and other raw materials. Archaeology has much to contribute towards documenting these activities. The identity and location of the bead sources is important to an understanding of early contact and economic and political developments in southern Africa. The trade connection coincided with the beginning of a critical sequence of events in the cultural history of southern Africa, which culminated in the formation of an incipient state at Great Zimbabwe (AD 1250-1450) from precursors at Mapungubwe and related sites. This period corresponds in time with an important episode in Islamic history, when Muslims conquered Egypt and the Fatimids moved their capital eastwards, in AD 969, from Tunisia to al-Qahira (Cairo) next to the well-established cosmopolitan port entrepot of al- Fustat (now old Cairo). Texts, chronicles, glass weights, scribal notes and receipts confirm that it was already a successful industrial centre with a history of glass-making when the Fatimids gained control of Egypt. In this thesis I have addressed two aspects of research to investigate the trade networks associated with internal and foreign contact: (1) the manufacturing origins of the beads, and, (2) who brought them to southern Africa. Glass material from Egypt, Palestine, Syria and Southeast Asia was used for comparison, and as possible source material. Scientific techniques were used to confirm these operations. The beads were described, classified, and sampled selectively for physical and chemical analysis. Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) was used to determine the rare earth elements (REE) composition. The results show that a particular glass, used to make beads in Egypt, is the same as that used to make some of the beads found at sites in the northern and eastern Transvaal. They document the existence of a trade link with the Mediterranean via the Red Sea 1000 years ago. Until now, both the origin of this contact and the extent of indigenous responses were largely unknown. These findings cast a different light on maritime trade along the east coast of Africa from a millennium ago.
Bibliography: pages 175-190.
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Crull, Donald Scott. "The economy and archaeology of European-made glass beads and manufactured goods used in first contact situations in Oregon, California and Washington." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1998. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/3460/.
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This thesis examines the role played by European-made glass beads and other manufactured goods in first contact of Europeans with Native American Indian populations in Oregon, California and Washington. Utilising both the historical and archaeological record, the activities of the Spanish in Alta California, the Russians in Northern California, the Lewis and Clark expedition and the Pacific Northwest Coast companies are examined, highlighting their use of beads in gift giving and exchange with the Indians. The sources of the large volume of glass beads are presented and their method of manufacture discussed. The way In which different European nationalities and organisations progressed geographically and in the intensity of their interactions with the native populations is reflected in the archaeological assemblages, whilst processes of exchange and the use of trinkets such as beads in subjugation and pacification are clarified by study of the historical sources. Different European groups used such materials through the mission system, by pacification of groups to ensure access and safe passage and by the fur companies use of the beads as items of exchange for pelts of otters and other animals. The native Indian groups showed different preferences for specific coloured beads which then became part of their own wealth base and exchange system. The effects of such transactions, whether used deliberately as a form of subjugation or inadvertently as barter items, was to transform the economic systems of the native populations and specifically the way In which conspicuous consumption was carried out in potlatch ceremonies. The effect of both the introduction of new material items and the novel form of economic transactions bolstered other effects of the Europeans which transformed Native American cosmology and society permanently.
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Leong, Julie Yeen Yeen. "Fabrication and applications of lead-silicate glass holey fibre for 1-1.5 microns : nonlinearity and dispersion trade offs." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2007. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/50197/.
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This thesis describes the development of novel microstructured optical fibres (MOFs), namely holey optical fibres (HFs), based on a commercial highly nonlinear non-silica glass: By taking the advantages of the zero dispersion of the HFs at 1 μm and 1.55 μm, the SC studies are carried out using these HFs (WW HFs and SEST HFs). Both of the fibre SC studies combined experimental and numerical results, and the simulations and experiments were in qualitative agreement. We observed a spectrum spanning over 1000nm by using just ~98 pJ energy pulses in a 60cm piece of the WW HF. This demonstrated the advantage of SG-HFs in terms of compact devices and low power requirements.
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Templin, Robert B. III. "Black Glass on the Georgia Coast| The Utility of Black Glass Trade Beads in Refining Site Chronology and Detecting Color Preference at Seventeenth Century Mission Santa Catalina de Guale." Thesis, The University of Alabama, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10622913.
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Historical and archaeological research has established that European glass beads are high-resolution temporal markers for colonial sites in North America. Additionally, recent studies have demonstrated that compositional analyses of certain bead types can refine the chronological resolution of these artifacts. This study contributes to this growing body of knowledge by extending these methods to drawn beads manufactured from black glass. Using X- ray fluorescence spectrometry and a sample of simple black glass trade beads (n = 940) recovered from the cemetery of Mission Santa Catalina de Guale (St. Catherines Island, Georgia), I identify diachronic patterns in the recipes that guided their manufacture during the seventeenth century. The concentrations of temporally diagnostic opacifiers (i.e., tin [Sn] and antimony [Sb]) found within beads assemblages from individual contexts are then used to refine the existing site chronology and contribute to ongoing studies of the occupation and use of the mission. I argue that the seventeenth century mission complex was built during multiple stages of construction separated by decades. Furthermore, relative dates for a number of burial contexts have been proposed, which provide insight into diachronic variation in indigenous Guale burial practices. In this study, I specifically address differences in color patterning between the newly dated burial contexts as a means of identifying and comparing the preferential consumption of five culturally salient bead colors and their relationship to indigenous identities.
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Wood, Marilee. "Interconnections : Glass beads and trade in southern and eastern Africa and the Indian Ocean - 7th to 16th centuries AD." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Afrikansk och jämförande arkeologi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-162650.
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Glass beads comprise the most frequently found evidence of trade between southern Africa and the greater Indian Oceanbetween the 7th and 16th centuries AD. In this thesis beads recovered from southern African archaeological sites are organized into series, based on morphology and chemical composition determined by LA-ICP-MS analysis. The results are used to interpret the trade patterns and partners that linked eastern Africa to the rest of the Indian Ocean world, as well as interconnections between southern Africa andEast Africa. Comprehensive reports on bead assemblages from several archaeological sites are presented, including: Mapungubwe, K2 and Schroda in the Shashe-Limpopo Basin; Chibuene in southern Mozambique; Hlamba Mlonga in eastern Zimbabwe; Sibudu Cave in KwaZulu-Natal, Kaole Ruins in Tanzania and Mahilaka in northwest Madagascar. The conclusions reached show that trade relationships and socio-political development in the south were different from those on the East Coast and that changes in bead series in the south demonstrate it was fully integrated into the cycles of the Eurasian and African world-system.
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Basa, Kishor K. "The westerly trade of southeast Asia from c. 440 BC to c. 500 AD with special reference to glass beads." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.283176.
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Fenn, Thomas. "APPLICATIONS OF HEAVY ISOTOPE RESEARCH TO ARCHAEOLOGICAL PROBLEMS OF PROVENANCE AND TRADE ON CASES FROM AFRICA AND THE NEW WORLD." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/204329.
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Applications of lead and strontium isotope analysis were made on archaeological materials from three different contexts in both the Old and New Worlds. These materials comprised pre-Hispanic glaze painted ceramics from Arizona, U.S.A., glass beads from late first millennium AD Igbo-Ukwu, Nigeria, and copper-based metals from early first millennium AD Kissi, Burkina Faso. All materials contain lead at major, minor, or trace concentrations, and lead isotope analysis was employed to determine a provenance for that lead. Strontium isotope analysis also was applied to glass beads from Igbo-Ukwu to determine provenance(s) for strontium found in the glass. Furthermore, application of elemental composition analysis was or had been employed on all samples for additional data comparisons within assemblages and with comparable archaeological materials.Results of these analyses determined, in most cases, regional provenance with high degrees of confidence for lead contained in the analyzed samples. Strontium and elemental composition analysis data also proved valuable in confirming the regional provenance of the raw glass used to produce the glass beads. Leads in the glaze paints from Arizona, which demonstrated a range of resources exploitation, were confidently restricted to a few regions for their procurement. Likewise leads in most glass beads from Igbo-Ukwu were confidently restricted to two main source regions, with a third strong contender also being identified. The elemental composition and strontium isotope data determined with confidence the production regions for the primary raw glasses used to make the glass beads. Finally, leads in copper-based metals from Burkina Faso also were restricted to a few regions, although some inconclusiveness in provenance determination was attributed to mixing of metals from difference sources.These results confirm the utility of heavy isotope analysis of archaeological materials for provenance determination. The combination of these data with elemental composition analyses further confirm the interpretive strength of combining independent but related sets of analytical data for exploring questions of archaeological provenance. With improvements in instrument technology and application in the past two decades, very high precision and high accuracy analyses can be made which eliminate some earlier concerns of heavy isotope applications in archaeology.
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Håkansson, Fredrik. "Standing up to a Multinational Giant : The Saint-Gobain World Council and the American Window Glass Workers' Strike in the American Saint Gobain Corporation in 1969." Doctoral thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för kulturvetenskaper, KV, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-27447.
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In the 1960s, a large number of World Councils were founded in a number of industrial branches. One of the most recognized World Councils was established in the multinational glass manufacturer Compagnie de Saint-Gobain in 1969, in connection to an international trade union action against the company. The purpose of this study is to investigate and understand the origin and character of this World Council and international action. The study places great emphasis on the American participation in the Saint-Gobain World Council and the international action, but explores, in addition, the work and function of the World Council, the international action’s outcome in terms of wages and working conditions, the so-called vertical implementation of the trade union action, i.e. the integration of several trade union-organizational levels in a single action, as well as the wider contexts beyond the purely economic to which the World Council and the action can be linked. An essential point of departure is retrieved from the historical materialist tradition in order to understand the conflicts of interests and the ability to realize interests on the labor market, in the production, and within politics. An in-depth discussion on the structuring of overt conflicts and international trade union actions is undertaken based on four specific theories that are based on the assumption that trade unions and employers are rational actors. The survey consists of three main parts. The first empirical section identifies the action itself—its parties, origins, course of events, and aftermath. The second empirical section interprets the parties’ perspectives and interests in the long run. The third, and final empirical section examines the structural conditions in the United States for conflictual sentiments and international action. The study provides new perspectives on the structural background to the American union’s mobilization and international strategies. It also helps to explain why the World Councils were short-lived and, in the end, did not meet the high expectations placed on them. At the same time, the study displays the main achievements and shortcomings of the international campaign against Saint-Gobain and the postwar political context to which the action can be linked.
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Simmons, Stephanie Catherine. "Exploring Colonization and Ethnogenesis through an Analysis of the Flaked Glass Tools of the Lower Columbia Chinookans and Fur Traders." Thesis, Portland State University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1560956.
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This thesis is an historical archaeological study of how Chinookan peoples at three villages and employees of the later multicultural Village at Fort Vancouver negotiated the processes of contact and colonization. Placed in the theoretical framework of practice theory, everyday ordinary activities are studied to understand how cultural identities are created, reinforced, and changed (Lightfoot et al. 1998; Martindale 2009; Voss 2008). Additionally uneven power relationships are examined, in this case between the colonizer and the colonized, which could lead to subjugation but also resistance (Silliman 2001). In order to investigate these issues, this thesis studies how the new foreign material of vessel glass was and was not used during the everyday practice of tool production.
Archaeological studies have found that vessel glass, which has physical properties similar to obsidian, was used to create a variety of tool forms by cultures worldwide (Conte and Romero 2008). Modified glass studies (Harrison 2003; Martindale and Jurakic 2006) have demonstrated that they can contribute important new insights into how cultures negotiated colonization. In this study, modified glass tools from three contact period Chinookan sites: Cathlapotle, Meier, and Middle Village, and the later multiethnic Employee Village of Fort Vancouver were examined. Glass tool and debitage analysis based on lithic macroscopic analytical techniques was used to determine manufacturing techniques, tool types, and functions. Additionally, these data were compared to previous analyses of lithics and trade goods at the study sites.
This thesis demonstrates that Chinookans modified glass into tools, though there was variation in the degree to which glass was modified and the types of tools that were produced between sites. Some of these differences are probably related to availability, how glass was conceptualized by Native Peoples, or other unidentified causes. This study suggests that in some ways glass was just another raw material, similar to stone, that was used to create tools that mirrored the existing lithic technology. However at Cathlapotle at least, glass appears to have been relatively scarce and perhaps valued even as a status item. While at Middle Village, glass (as opposed to stone) was being used about a third of the time to produce tools.
Glass tool technology at Cathlapotle, Meier, and Middle Village was very similar to the existing stone tool technology dominated by expedient/low energy tools; however, novel new bottle abraders do appear at Middle Village. This multifaceted response reflects how some traditional lifeways continued, while at the same time new materials and technology was recontextualized in ways that made sense to Chinookan peoples.
Glass tools increase at the Fort Vancouver Employee Village rather than decrease through time. This response appears to be a type of resistance to the HBC's economic hegemony and rigid social structure. Though it is impossible to know if such resistance was consciously acted on or was just part of everyday activities that made sense in the economic climate of the time.
Overall, this thesis demonstrates how a mundane object such as vessel glass, can provide a wealth of information about how groups like the Chinookans dealt with a changing world, and how the multiethnic community at Fort Vancouver dealt with the hegemony of the HBC. Chinookan peoples and the later inhabitants of the Fort Vancouver Employee Village responded to colonization in ways that made sense to their larger cultural system. These responses led to both continuity and change across time. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Sofia, Pierre Niccolò. "Les perles vénitiennes dans un monde interconnecté : Étude d'un commerce global au XVIIIè siècle." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022COAZ2014.
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À travers l'étude de cas des perles de verre vénitiennes au XVIIIe siècle, cette thèse vise à montrer comment la spécialisation dans un produit de niche permet à un système économique méditerranéen de rester accroché aux principaux flux commerciaux internationaux de la fin de l'époque moderne. Cette thèse ambitionne donc de contribuer au débat scientifique qui, depuis quelques années, est en train de questionner l'idée de décadence de la Méditerranée à l'époque moderne, et de préciser la position de Venise dans l'économie-monde européenne du XVIIIe siècle.Cette recherche adopte une approche qui croise la macroanalyse des flux et la micro-analyse des acteurs, en utilisant des sources quantitatives vénitiennes (Registri) et étrangères (Custom books britanniques, Toflit19 pour le commerce français et la balança do comerçio portugaise) et des sources qualitatives vénitiennes issues principalement des Censori, Cinque Savi alla Mercanzia, Inquisitore alle Arti, Inquisitori di Stato, en suivant la filière des perles de verre vénitiennes au XVIIIe siècle : des phases de production jusqu'à la commercialisation, en précisant les routes, les acteurs et les marchés concernés.Cette thèse est donc divisée en trois parties. La première porte sur le contexte économique de Venise et se focalise sur le commerce du port vénitien et sur l'industrie exportatrice de la ville de Saint-Marc au XVIIIe siècle. C'est à travers cette contextualisation qu'on comprend que les perles de verre sont le fruit d'un pôle manufacturier et commercial encore riche et connecté au monde euro-méditerranéen et qu'on peut mieux évaluer l'expansion de ce secteur de la verrerie vénitienne au XVIIIe siècle.La deuxième partie étudie la filière de fabrication et l'organisation du travail du secteur des perles de verre vénitiennes, en s'interrogeant sur la compétitivité d'un système de production qui est marqué par une forte présence corporative (à savoir, les Arts de Murano, des Margariteri et des Perleri) et, en même temps, par un haut degré de flexibilité. Quatre thèmes font l'objet de cette analyse : le degré d'ouverture de la filière des perles et des métiers concernés ; la gestion des matières premières ; l'assujettissement de la main-d'œuvre aux patrons/négociants des corporations ; les espaces de travail et la position des femmes dans les deux Arts des perles. Cette partie montre que ce secteur est parfaitement adapté aux caractéristiques du commerce international du XVIIIe siècle. Une fois produites, les perles de verre vénitiennes sont exportées à l'échelle de la planète. La troisième partie analyse les routes, les acteurs qui gèrent les échanges et les marchés de ce produit au XVIIIe siècle, en se focalisant sur les deux circuits majeurs de ce commerce, celui du Ponant et celui du Levant. Dans le premier cas, l'attention est mise sur l'importance des perles pour le commerce vénitien avec l'Europe occidentale, sur la géographie des marchés, sur l'émergence des marchands-fabricants margariteri et perleri comme expéditeurs de perles et sur le lien entre le commerce occidental des perles de verre vénitiennes et la traite atlantique des esclaves. Ensuite, la focale d'analyse est déplacée vers l'Orient et plus précisément vers l'Égypte et la Syrie, étapes principales des trajets qui amènent les perles de Venise en Perse, en Inde et dans l'Afrique centre-orientale. Après avoir établi le rôle de ce produit pour le commerce vénitien au Levant, on étudie les routes, l'évolution et les marchands protagonistes de ces trafics, notamment les Juifs sont étudiés.Au final, on constate que les perles sont bien plus que de la pacotille : elles se révèlent un outil essentiel pour le commerce vénitien au XVIIIe siècle, une vraie marchandise globale qui permet à la ville de Saint-Marc de rester interconnectée aux flux commerciaux majeurs de la fin de l'époque moderneThrough the case study of Venetian glass beads in the 18th century, this thesis shows how the specialization in a niche product enabled a Mediterranean economic system to remain connected to the main international trade flows of the late early modern period. This thesis aims to contribute to the scientific debate which, for some years now, has been questioning the decadence of the Mediterranean in the Early modern period, and to clarify the position of Venice in the European world-economy of the 18th century.This research criss-crosses the macro-analysis of flows and the micro-analysis of agents, using Venetian (Registri dei Cinque Savi) and foreign (British Custom books, Toflit19 for French trade and the Portuguese balança do comerçio) quantitative sources and Venetian qualitative sources, mainly from the Censori, Cinque Savi alla Mercanzia, Inquisitore alle Arti, Inquisitori di Stato. The analysis tracks the chain of Venetian glass beads in the 18th century from manufacturing processes to marketing, and specify the routes, the agents and the markets involved.This thesis is divided into three parts. The first part deals with the economic context of Venice and focuses on the trade of the Venetian port and the export industry of the city in the 18th century. Through this contextualization we understand that glass beads were the fruit of a rich manufacturing and commercial pole that was still connected to the Euro-Mediterranean world, and we can better evaluate the expansion of this sector of Venetian glassware in the 18th century.The second part studies the manufacturing sector and the organization of work in the Venetian glass beads sector. It examines the competitiveness of a production system that was marked by a strong presence of guilds (namely, the Arts of Murano, Margariteri and Perleri) and, at the same time, by a high degree of flexibility. Four themes are analyzed: the degree of openness of the glass beads industry and the guilds involved; the supply of raw materials; the subjection of labour to the merchants of the Arts; the position of women in both glass beads guilds. This part shows that glass beads chain was perfectly adapted to the characteristics of 18th-century international trade.Once produced, Venetian glass beads were exported worldwide. The third part analyses the routes and the agents who managed the trade flows and this product's 18th-century markets. It focuses on the two major circuits of this trade, that of the Ponant and that of the Levant. In the first case, the focus of analysis is on the importance of glass beads for Venetian trade with Western Europe, on the geography of markets, on the emergence of merchants-manufacturers margariteri and perleri as beads shippers and on the link between the western trade of Venetian glass beads and the Atlantic slave trade. Then, the focus of analysis is shifted to the East and more precisely to Egypt and Syria, the main stages of the journeys that brought the beads of Venice to Persia, India, and Central-Eastern Africa. After establishing the role of this product for the Venetian trade in the Levant, we analysed the routes, the trade evolution and the merchants involved in these traffics, especially the Jews.Glass beads were much more than gewgaws: they were an essential tool for the Venetian trade in the 18th century to enable the city of San Marco to remain connected in the major trade flows of the late Early modern period
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Fontaine, Souen. "Formes, usages et circulation du verre en Méditerranée nord-occidentale entre le Ier siècle av. n.è et le Ier siècle de n.è : L’apport du mobilier des sites littoraux de Narbonnaise orientale." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM3109.
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Sporadiquement distribués en Méditerranée occidentale au début du Ier s. av.n.è., vaisselle et conteneurs en verre entrent dans les habitudes de consommation autour du changement d'ère et deviennent, en moins d'un siècle, des objets d'usage quotidien. Le littoral narbonnais, surface de contact entre mondes méditerranéens et continentaux, précocement soumis aux influences hellénistiques et romaines, constitue une zone propice à l'observation de cette mutation sans précédent de l'économie du verre. L'étude privilégie l'analyse d'assemblages homogènes, issus de contextes datés, autorisant une approche chrono-quantitative. Le corpus est composé de lots provenant de 18 sites du littoral de Narbonnaise orientale (épaves et dépotoirs portuaires, sites de consommation domestique, militaire et funéraire). La présence de productions non référencées ou succinctement sériées dans les classifications typologiques usuelles, invite à proposer un outil typo-chronologique adapté aux contextes précoces méditerranéens. L'approche transversale de la documentation permet de définir quatre faciès, représentatifs de quatre grandes étapes de l'évolution des productions et des habitudes de consommation. Si, en l'état des connaissances et en raison de la particularité des modes de production du verre, l'émergence et le développement des courants commerciaux sont difficiles à préciser, les abondants assemblages portuaires du littoral (Arles, Fos, Marseille, Toulon), mettent en évidence la place prépondérante des produits de consommation courante, voyageant comme vases-marchandises, dans la commercialisation des produits verriers en Méditerranée occidentale et le long de l'axe rhodanienSporadically distributed in the western Mediterranean at the beginning of the first century BC, crockery and glass containers come in consumption patterns during the augustean decades and become, in less than a century, objects of daily use. The Narbonensis coastline, key point between Mediterranean and continental worlds, early influenced by Hellenistic and Roman culture, is an propitious area for the observation of this unprecedented transformation of the economy of the glass. The study focuses on the analysis of homogeneous assemblages, from dated contexts, allowing a chrono-quantitative approach. The corpus is constituted of batches from 18 sites from eastern Narbonensis (wrecks, harbour levels, domestic, military and funeral contexts). The presence of production unreferenced in usual typologies invites to propose a suitable typo-chronological tool for early Mediterranean contexts. A transversal approach allows defining four major stages in the evolution of production and consumption patterns. If, in the state of knowledge and because of the particularity of the patterns of production of glass, the emergence and development of trade flows are difficult to specify, the abundant assemblages from harbour levels (Arles, Fos, Marseille, Toulon), highlight the preponderance of common consumer products, travelling as goods more than as containers, in the trade of glass products in the western Mediterranean and along the Rhone axis
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Pablo, Fleurdelis, of Western Sydney Nepean University, and Faculty of Science and Technology. "Adsorptive stripping voltammetry of trace elements on a glassy carbon mercury film electrode." THESIS_FST_XXX_Pablo_F.xml, 1994. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/207.
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This thesis describes the development of new adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetric methods for reliable determination of some trace metals in biological and environmental materials on a glassy carbon mercury film electrode. In particular, the development of these methods involved selection of a suitable complexing agent for the respective metal ion studied, characterization of the electrode processes, investigation of factors affecting the voltammetric response such as concentration and pH of supporting electrolyte, concentration of complexing agent, accumulation potential, accumulation time and electrode rotation rate. Also, organic and inorganic interferences, linear concentration range, and detection limits were carefully considered. Furthermore, the analytical application of the method was demonstrated for each metal in biological and/or environmental materials, after optimization of the sample decomposition procedure. Some conclusions : the results obtained by the AdCSV method for the determination of tin in juices agreed reasonably with those obtained by atomic absorption method; the use of the adsorptive voltammetric technique after dry-ashing and UV treatment of the samples was successfully demonstrated for the determination of vanadium in standard reference materials such as urban particulate matter, peach leaves, apple leaves and bovine liver; and, the use of the adsorptive stripping voltammetric technique, after decomposition of samples by dry-ashing and UV treatment, was successfully demonstrated for the determination of molybdenum in peach leaves, apple leaves and bovine liver samples.Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
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Pablo, Fleurdelis. "Adsorptive stripping voltammetry of trace elements on a glassy carbon mercury film electrode." Thesis, View thesis, 1994. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/207.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis describes the development of new adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetric methods for reliable determination of some trace metals in biological and environmental materials on a glassy carbon mercury film electrode. In particular, the development of these methods involved selection of a suitable complexing agent for the respective metal ion studied, characterization of the electrode processes, investigation of factors affecting the voltammetric response such as concentration and pH of supporting electrolyte, concentration of complexing agent, accumulation potential, accumulation time and electrode rotation rate. Also, organic and inorganic interferences, linear concentration range, and detection limits were carefully considered. Furthermore, the analytical application of the method was demonstrated for each metal in biological and/or environmental materials, after optimization of the sample decomposition procedure. Some conclusions : the results obtained by the AdCSV method for the determination of tin in juices agreed reasonably with those obtained by atomic absorption method; the use of the adsorptive voltammetric technique after dry-ashing and UV treatment of the samples was successfully demonstrated for the determination of vanadium in standard reference materials such as urban particulate matter, peach leaves, apple leaves and bovine liver; and, the use of the adsorptive stripping voltammetric technique, after decomposition of samples by dry-ashing and UV treatment, was successfully demonstrated for the determination of molybdenum in peach leaves, apple leaves and bovine liver samples.
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Pablo, Fleurdelis. "Adsorptive stripping voltammetry of trace elements on a glassy carbon mercury film electrode /." View thesis, 1994. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20030826.113026/index.html.
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May, Christopher David. "Development of novel analytical and interpretational protocols to facilitate the provenance establishment of glass and plastic evidence." University of Western Australia. Centre for Forensic Science, 2009. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2009.0169.
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[Truncated abstract] The analysis and subsequent interpretation of trace evidence is of paramount importance to the forensic scientist. While a variety of methods are available to facilitate comparison between recovered and control samples, the use of a specific analytical method depends upon both the physical and chemical nature of the material itself and the material to which it is to be compared. Elemental analysis of evidentiary material is one such method of sample comparison and has been extensively applied to this purpose following the introduction of neutron activation analysis in the early 1960s. However, over the last 15 years, another instrumental technique has taken centre stage in the analytical armoury of the forensic scientist: laser ablationinductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). The modification and adaptation of this technique, to a point where it is possible to distinguish between glass materials produced only hours apart on the same production line, is detailed in this thesis. Additional protocols have also been developed for the analysis of fibreglass and plastic crime scene debris. Finally, a method for quantification of elemental concentrations in headlamp plastics has also been developed to facilitate inter-comparison of data between both different analytical techniques and different laboratories. Glass material is one of the most common varieties of trace evidence and the forensic examination of glass traditionally involves the determination of its refractive index (RI). ... The analytical protocol involves the analysis of 46 analytes on material comprising the exterior surface of the lens. Using this data, it was found that although minor variations in elemental composition exist within a single headlamp lens, discrimination between lenses produced from a single manufacturing plant over a short period of time could still be achieved. Discrimination between all headlamp lenses, with the exception of some lenses produced on the same day, could be facilitated using the analytical protocol developed. Furthermore, an interpretational protocol has been developed that has successfully classified all unknown headlamp lens samples investigated in this study, within the discrimination limits of the analytical method. The semi-quantitative analysis of glass and plastic samples has also been examined using LA-ICP-MS. The concentrations of 16 analytes in container and float glass samples were determined. However, the levels of discrimination afforded by the semi-quantitative data were inferior to those achieved using qualitative data. Finally, a series of plastic-based standards, containing 25 analytes of known concentrations, was produced. Using these standards, relative concentrations of the study analytes were determined in polycarbonate headlamp lenses. Interpretation of the data produced made it possible to discriminate between all study samples. Consequently, the total analytical and interpretational protocol developed in this study has established the foundation for LA-ICP-MS to be adopted internationally as a recognised method for the analysis of plastic crime scene debris.
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Costa, Mafalda. "A geochemical approach to the study of archaeological glassy materials." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/29209.
Full textAbstract:
In this dissertation, knowledge from social sciences and humanities was combined with that of
natural sciences, especially Earth Sciences, to study man-made glass and faience artefacts from
selected case studies from the Iron Age and Early Modern periods.
The manufacture of man-made glassy materials relies on the exploitation of natural mineral
resources. Moreover, since glassy objects inherit the chemical fingerprint of the geological
provinces from which the raw materials used in their manufacture derive, geochemistry is essential
in provenance studies. In fact, geochemistry can be used to pinpoint the geographical origin of an
artefact, given the known proximity between primary or producing workshops and the favored
silica source, but also to understand the raw material procurement strategies of glassy producing
societies. While sand is not known to have been subjected to long-distance trade, the same cannot
be said for other main components used in the production of man-made glassy objects, particularly
the fluxing agents and (de)colorants or opacifiers. Earth Sciences, especially geochemistry, is,
therefore, essential to reconstruct trade/exchange routes of both raw materials and finished glassy
artefacts within or between different communities.
Furthermore, the identification of the raw materials used in the production of man-made glassy
artefacts, not only reveals how human societies adjust and interact with the environment but is
essential to better comprehend the technological know-how required for their manipulation and
use in the manufacture of these objects.
Ultimately, this dissertation enabled the creation of new non-destructive and minimally invasive
analytical methodologies that can be used to gain insights into glassy materials’ provenance and
production technology, and to better comprehend the history and ethnography of the communities
that produced, used, and trade or exchanged them; Resumo:
Nesta dissertação, o conhecimento das ciências sociais e humanas foi combinado com o das
ciências naturais, especialmente das Ciências da Terra, para estudar artefactos de vidro e faiança
produzidos pelo homem, usando de estudos de caso da Idade do Ferro e da Idade Moderna.
A produção de materiais vítreos depende da exploração de recursos minerais naturais. Como os
objetos vítreos herdam a assinatura química das províncias geológicas das quais derivam as
matérias-primas utilizadas na sua produção, a geoquímica é essencial nos estudos de proveniência.
Na verdade, a geoquímica pode ser usada para localizar a origem geográfica de um artefacto, dada
a proximidade conhecida entre oficinas primárias ou de produção e a fonte de sílica preferida, mas
também para compreender as estratégias de aquisição de matérias-primas das sociedades
produtoras de vidro. Embora se saiba que a areia não foi alvo de comércio de longa distância, o
mesmo não pode ser dito para outros ingredientes usados na produção de objetos vítreos,
particularmente os fundentes e os (des)colorantes ou opacificantes. As Ciências da Terra,
especialmente a geoquímica, são, portanto, essenciais para reconstruir rotas de comércio ou troca,
de matérias-primas e de artefactos vítreos, dentro ou entre diferentes comunidades.
Além disso, a identificação das matérias-primas utilizadas na produção de artefactos vítreos
produzidos pelo Homem, não só revela como as sociedades humanas interagem com o meio
ambiente que as rodeia, mas é essencial para compreender melhor o know-how tecnológico
necessário para sua manipulação e uso na produção desses objetos.
Em última análise, esta dissertação permitiu a criação de novas metodologias analíticas, não
destrutivas e minimamente invasivas, que podem ser usadas para obter informações sobre a
proveniência e tecnologia de produção de materiais vítreos, e para compreender melhor a história
e etnografia das comunidades que produziram, usaram e comercializaram estes objetos.
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SHIBUYA, ELISA K. "Acoplamento laser - espectrometro de massa de dupla focalizacao com fonte de plasma induzido (LA-HR-ICPMS): estudos fundamentais e analises quantitativa em amostras solidas." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 1999. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/9279.
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Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:25:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:03:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 06792.pdf: 9499715 bytes, checksum: 6570c2a329eeda3f80a0df8144a8dcf0 (MD5)
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Dissertacao (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
FAPESP:97/09917-0
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McHugh, Kelly C. "APPLICATIONS OF TRACE ELEMENT AND ISOTOPE GEOCHEMISTRY TO IGNEOUS PETROLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL FORENSICS." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1494441686890672.
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Gougouzian, Aline. "Le verre romain en Gaule du Centre-Est, du IIe s. av. n. è. au IV e s. de n. è. : production, circulation et usages en contexte urbain et rural." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO20030.
Full textAbstract:
L'étude du verre, entre Anse et Mâcon, dans le cadre d'un mémoire de master, avait mis en avant ses origines diverses et l’approvisionnement complexe des sites de consommation de la basse vallée de la Saône. Ces conclusions appelaient à élargir l'étude de ce mobilier à l'ensemble de la Gaule du Centre-Est. Carrefour de voies fluviales et terrestres de première importance, cette région apparaît comme un point névralgique et une plaque tournante des échanges et du commerce en Gaule. Située à la croisée de plusieurs zones productrices d'objets en verre, elle reçoit aussi bien les produits de l'aire méditerranéenne, par le Rhône, que ceux des provinces septentrionales, par la Saône, ou ceux de l'Italie du Nord, par les voies traversant les Alpes. Outre sa position extrêmement perméable aux importations, les recherches de ces dernières années ont permis de mettre au jour plusieurs ateliers de verriers, à Lyon, Aoste et Autun, attestant d'une production locale, bien implantée à partir du milieu du Ier s. de n. è. L'inventaire réalisé pour cette étude a révélé de nouveaux indices d'artisanat, à Clermont-Ferrand et Saint-Romain-de-Jalionas. Leur production est cependant totalement inconnue. La reprise du mobilier des ateliers d'Autun et de celui, tardif, de la rue des Colonnes, à Vienne, n'ayant pas permis de déterminer leur production, seule, celle des ateliers lyonnais fournit une base comparative. Mais, s'il existe des points communs entre les formes fabriquées par ces derniers et celles mises au jour sur les sites de la région alentour, des divergences importantes mènent à penser que la production d'un atelier n'était pas, a priori, totalement destinée au marché local. L'analyse du mobilier en verre révèle, au contraire, un approvisionnement complexe, composé de productions locales, ou supposées telles, et d'importations à moyenne (Italie du Nord, Narbonnaise, Côte atlantique, Nord de la France) ou longue distance (Orient, Rhénanie, Mer Noire). Ces origines diverses, non seulement se mêlent au sein des mêmes contextes, mais évoluent au cours du temps. Outre la production, la circulation et le commerce du verre, cette thèse a permis d’aborder les aspects fonctionnels et sociologiques que révèle son usage, soit au regard d’autres matériaux, comme la céramique ou le métal, soit au sein du mobilier en verre lui-même, à travers les catégories morpho-fonctionnelles qu’il adopte. La comparaison entre les matériaux s'est avérée souvent impossible en raison des écueils méthodologiques, dus soit aux contraintes archéologiques, soit à celles liés au matériau lui-même. A contrario, la répartition du mobilier en verre selon ses fonctions et son contexte a montré assez peu de variations, malgré la large gamme d'usage qu'il présente. Que l'on soit dans une riche domus, une villa ou un quartier artisanal aux habitats modestes, la vaisselle en verre est le plus souvent commune et dévolue principalement au service de table. Les thermes ont livré une répartition similaire, le nombre de flacons dits « à parfums » n'étant que trop peu supérieur pour être significatif. La seule différence notable, observée dans ce contexte est la présence accrue de fragments de vitre. Les deux nécropoles étudiées ont fourni une quantité certes plus importante de balsamaires, mais sans atteindre les proportions de certaines zones funéraires, notamment lyonnaises. Enfin, l'examen du mobilier en fonction des contextes ouvre des réflexions sur l'intégration du verre au vaisselier, entre le IIe s. av. et le début du Ier s. de n. è. L'étude du mobilier de Vienne et de deux villages proches, à Saint-Laurent-d'Agny et Saint-Romain-de-Jalionas, révèle, pour des contextes comparables, de fortes divergences dans la présence du verre. En contexte urbain, les productions dites « précoces » sont bien attestées, tandis que dans les deux contextes ruraux, pourtant aisés et en apparence romanisés dans leur architecture, la vaisselle en verre y est soit très anecdotique, soit absenteThe glass study between Anse and Macon, as part of a master's thesis, had put in front various origins and complex supply in consumer sites in the lower Saône valley. These findings called to extend the study of glass to the whole East Central Gaul. Intersection of primary importance rivers and land routes, this region appears as a focal point and a hub of trade and commerce in Gaul. Located at the crossroads of several producing glassware areas, it also receives many products in the Mediterranean area, through the Rhone, as the northern provinces, through the Saône, or Northern Italy, by routes through the Alps. In addition to its highly permeable import position, the recent research discovered several glass workshops in Lyon, Aoste and Autun, attesting to local production in the first century.This study revealed new craft indices in Clermont-Ferrand and Saint-Romain-de-Jalionas. Their production, however, is completely unknown like those of workshops of Autun and Vienne. Alone those of Lyon workshops provide a comparative basis. But if there are common point, we notice some oppositions which lead to believe that the production of a workshop was not totally for the local market. Analysis of glasses reveals, on the contrary, a complex supply consisting of local productions and imports average distance ( northern Italy, Narbonne, Atlantic Coast , Northern France ) or long one ( East , Rhineland , Black Sea ). These various origins mingle not only in the same contexts but evolve over time.In addition to the production, distribution and trade of glass, this thesis is interested in the functional and sociological aspects that reveals its use, in relation to other materials, such as ceramic or metal, or within the glass itself, through the morpho - functional classes it adopts. The comparison between the materials has been often impossible because of methodological pitfalls, due to archaeological constraints or those related to the material itself. In contrast , the distribution of glass according to its functions and context showed relatively little variation, despite the wide range of use it offers.Whether you are in a rich domus , villa or a artisan district with modest habitats, glassware is the most often common and devoted mainly serving table. The baths have delivered a similar distribution , as the number of perfume bottles is too few to be significant. The only significant difference observed in this context is the increased presence of fragments of glass windows. Both cemeteries studied provided an admittedly larger amount of perfume bottles but without reaching the proportions of certain burial sites, like in Lyon.Finally, glass studies based on contexts open reflections on the integration of glass between the second century BC and the beginning of the first century AD. The glass study in Vienna and two Villae in Saint-Laurent-d'Agny and Saint-Romain-de-Jalionas reveals, for comparable context, strong differences in the presence of glass. In urban context, early productions are well documented, whereas in both rural contexts, romanized in appearance in their architecture, the glassware is very anecdotal or absent
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Dvořáková, Zuzana. "Obchodní dům "Centrum" v Brně." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-227137.
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The subject of the thesis is an architectural study of the reconstruction and extension of the "Centrum" department store in Brno. It is a dominant building designed by the famous czech architect Vladimir Karfík, which is located at the Urban Conservation Area Brno. Object wasn´t realized with the full extent of the original proposal, so in the project is planned a completion of it. The new solution respects the historical quality of Urban Conservation Area Brno with a concurrent view of the location on the lucrative land in the city center. The architectural concept is based on a return to the original idea of the architect and the addition of my own creative contribution within the extension of the new floors. Draft of the extension is intended so that the individual parts of an object communicate with each other, but they are easily recognizable as well. This idea was filled by both parts linked together visually by horizontal lines and ripple, which is used on balconies of the extension and behind the facade of the current building by shielding walls. However it is emphasized the contrast between an enclosed mass and a free-flowing space. The existing part of the building is used especialy as a leasable area of trade and services. On the upper floors there are areas of administration. Furthermore, there will be a restaurant and cafe with exhibition galleries and apartments are designed on the new added floors. The building is adapted to use by person with limited mobility. Newly added uses in the object will increase the attractiveness of the building and its surroundings.
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Wennerholm, Madeleine. "Medeltida dryckesglas i Sverige : En fragmenterad historia." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för arkeologi och antik historia, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-176119.
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Medieval glasses have for long been a neglected object group in archeological research in Sweden. With that in mind I choose to write about those in my essay. The aim of this paper is to bring the medieval glasses into the archaeological research. I intend to show where you can find medieval glass in Sweden and what kind of glasses have been made. I will also discuss why the archeological research is so limited when it comes to the medieval drinking glasses. The archeological sites for my analysis are Sigtuna, Stockholm, Lödöse and Skanör. My theoretical approach is Material agency and I have looked at what role the drinking glasses could have had during the medieval period. I think my essay will show that you can find medieval glasses in trade or exchange contexts and that the medieval glasses absence in the archeological research has more to do with that previous research is poor rather than that glasses do not exist in the medieval period.Gamla Uppsala - framväxten av ett mytiskt centrum
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Willemse, Chandre Monique. "Nanocomposite-graphene based platform for heavy metal detection." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2010. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_8123_1323852117.
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This study reports the synthesis of graphene by oxidizing graphite to graphite oxide using H2SO4 and KMnO4 and reducing graphene oxide to graphene by using NaBH4. Graphene was then characterized using FT-IR, TEM, AFM, XRD, Raman spectroscopy and solid state NMR. Nafion-Graphene in combination with a mercury film electrode, bismuth film electrode and antimony film electrode was used as a sensing platform for trace metal analysis in 0.1 M acetate buffer (pH 4.6) at 120 s deposition time, using square-wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV). Detection limits were calculated using 3Ïblank/slope. For practical applications recovery studies was done by spiking test samples with known concentrations of metal ions and comparing the results to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS). This was then followed by real sample analyses.
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Kaliariková, Beáta. "Budoucnost brněnského výstaviště." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-391845.
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The theme of diploma thesis is design of convention center situated in area of BVV Trade Fairs Brno. The location of designed buildings is reacting on surrounding buildings and important compositional axes.The convention center is crossing axis leading from historical entrance and its front glass facades open the view for dominant feature of hotel zone in south part of area.The convention center is designed as two three-storey buildings connected by bridge with sightseeing terrace and main entrance underneath. The bigger building contains main convention hall with a maximal capacity of 2300 people, two halls with a capacity of 500 and 600 people and other conference and meeting rooms with various capacity. The other building contains plenary hall with a capacity of 1100 in circular seating arrangement. The buildings are connecting to pavillions C and B, which provide spaces for opening and exhibiton parts of cenvention events. Designed convention center provides spaces for big diversity of conventional events thanks to its capacities and location.
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Sabil, Naïma. "La datation par les traces de fission : aspects méthodologiques et applications thermochronologiques en contexte alpin et marge continentale." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995GRE10066.
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La méthode de datation par les traces de fission de l'uranium s'est révélée unique dans le domaine de la thermochronologie par sa capacité à retracer l'histoire finale du refroidissement et de la dénudation de massifs métamorphiques comme de l'histoire thermique de formations sédimentaires ou la datation de certains matériels volcaniques. Dans ce travail, nous décrivons cette méthode et présentons un ensemble de techniques analytiques mises au point et de calibrations réalisées dans le but d'utilisations ultérieures en géologie. Nous discutons quelques exemples d'application. Dans les Alpes occidentales françaises, l'analyse des traces de fission sur apatites d'échantillons issus du granite des Sept Laux (massif de Belledonne), dans la vallée de l'Eau d'Olle, suggère que cette méthode pourrait apporter une contribution dans la discussion actuelle sur l'origine de certaines vallées alpines. Ainsi, l'ouverture de cette vallée pourrait être la conséquence d'un jeu de failles actives depuis le Miocène moyen jusqu'à l'actuel. La caractérisation par traces de fission des apatites détritiques de dépôts fluviaux pourrait éventuellement être utilisée pour l'étude d'éventuels phénomènes de captures liées à des changements de régimes tectoniques. Nous avons ainsi étudié les apatites d'un paléodelta situé dans la moyenne vallée de l'Isère au niveau du sillon subalpin, et de deux vallées, celles de l'Arc et du Bréda, situées en amont. La distribution des âges traces de fission de ces minéraux n'a pas confirmé un modèle suggéré récemment, qui proposait que le paléodelta étudié pourrait être associé à un «paléo-Arc» plutôt qu'à un «paléo-Bréda». Dans la Meseta occidentale marocaine, trois massifs granitiques (massif de Sebt Brikiine, de Ras El Abiod et de Hjir El Bark) situés dans les Rehamna ont fait l'objet d'une étude thermochronologique. L'analyse des traces de fission dans les zircons et les apatites de ces granites montre qu'ils ont enregistré les grands évènements thermotectoniques ayant affecté la Meseta depuis l'ouverture de l'Océan Atlantique central. Nous montrons comment un modèle de simulation numérique récemment proposé (1994) pour l'analyse des traces de fission dans les apatites permet de préciser l'histoire thermique des massifs considérés depuis le dernier refroidissement au-dessous d'environ 120°C des échantillons analysés. Dans des travaux effectués antérieurement à l'apparition de ce modèle, nous avons montré, d'une part, que les sédiments de la marge transformante de Côte d'Ivoire-Ghana avaient connu une période de réchauffement entre 250°C et moins de 60°C post-datant largement, de manière inattendue, le «balayage» d'une dorsale océanique. D'autre part, dans l'Ile d'Elbe, nous avons apporté les premières données «traces de fission» sur l'histoire de refroidissement de la granodiorite de Monte Capanne. Par ailleurs, au début des années 90, la méthode des traces de fission manquait encore de bons échantillons de référence pour la datation des verres volcaniques. A la suggestion de la Sous-Commission de Géochronologie de l'International Union of Geological Sciences, nous avons étudié les macusanites, obsidiennes du SE péruvien. Les résultats de ce travail suggèrent qu'il faut considérer avec réserve ces verres volcaniques en tant que standards d'âge potentiels, même s'ils conservent une certaine valeur comme matériel d'intercalibration entre laboratoires
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Wood, Marilee Hopkins. "GLASS BEADS AND PRE-EUROPEAN TRADE IN THE SHASHE-LIMPOPO REGION." Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/277.
Full textAbstract:
Master of Arts - ArtsDuring the Islamic period (8th to 15th centuries) glass beads are the most abundant evidence of international trade in southern Africa. Archaeologists, however, have underutilized them because they are small, monochrome and difficult to categorize. I show they can be divided into identifiable series that have temporal parameters. Once identified, the beads can help interpret site chronology as well as regional and international interaction. Glass beads are also useful in reconstructing trade patterns in the Indian Ocean. Present perceptions concerning Islamic period trade to eastern and southern Africa are based largely on Islamic ceramics and Arab documents. Thus, it is generally believed that trade to southern Africa was an extension of the East Coast monsoon-driven trade that was conducted mainly by local mariners familiar with the difficult conditions in the Mozambique Channel. Comparison of glass bead assemblages from eastern and southern Africa, however, shows that it is unlikely the beads reaching the south were traded through ports to the north. Based on distribution patterns and recent chemical analyses, I propose they were arriving directly from South and/or Southeast Asia.
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Palk, Debbie. "The economics of trade on the Eastern Cape Frontier, 1820-1860: a study of the glass and metal artefact assemblages from Huntley Street, Farmerfield and Fort Double Drift." Diss., 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/24549.
Full textAbstract:
Text in English with abstracts in English, Afrikaans and isiXhosaThe collections-based research reported upon in this dissertation focuses on three sites in the Eastern Cape: Huntley Street in Grahamstown, Farmerfield, a nearby Wesleyan mission station, and Fort Double Drift, a British fortification on the Great Fish River. The collection, which is housed in the Albany Museum, derives from Patrice Jeppson’s excavations, completed in the 1980s. Analyses of the excavated glass and metal, augmented by a close reading of tender and shopkeepers’ advertisements in The Graham’s Town Journal, chronicle how merchants, settlers, soldiers, missionaries and local African communities were involved in, and affected by, trade between 1820 and 1860. The study explores aspects of the mercantile economy, consumerism and military provisioning relating to a wide range of imported glass and metal merchandise. The burgeoning trade linked various enterprises, groups and individuals through monetary and social transactions, reflecting the steady incorporation of the Eastern Cape into the British colonial trading network.
Die versamelingsgebaseerde navorsing waaroor in hierdie verhandeling verslag gedoen word, fokus op drie terreine in die Oos-Kaap: Huntley-straat in Grahamstad, Farmerfield, ’n nabygeleë Wesleyaanse sendingstasie, en Fort Dubbeldrif ’n Britse vesting aan die Groot-Visrivier. Die versameling, wat in die Albany-museum gehuisves word, is afkomstig van Patrice Jeppson se opgrawings, wat in die 1980's voltooi is. Ontledings van die opgegraafde glas en metaal, aangevul deur ’n grondige studie van tender- en winkelieradvertensies in The Graham’s Town Journal, boekstaaf hoe handelaars, setlaars, soldate, sendelinge en plaaslike Afrika-gemeenskappe by handel tussen 1820 en 1860 betrokke was, en daardeur beïnvloed is. Die studie verken aspekte van die handelsekonomie, verbruikerisme en militêre bevoorrading met betrekking tot ’n wye verskeidenheid ingevoerde glas- en metaalhandelsware. Die bloeiende handel het verskeie ondernemings, groepe en individue deur monetêre en sosiale transaksies met mekaar verbind, wat die geleidelike opname van die Oos-Kaap in die Britse koloniale handelsnetwerk weerspieël.
Uphando lwezinto eziqokelelweyo ekunikwe ingxelo ngalo kule disetheyishini, lugxile kwiindawo ezintathu eziseMpuma Koloni ezizezi: eHuntley Street eRhini, eFarmerfield, esisitishi seMishini yamaWesile, naseFort Double Drift, eyinqaba yamaBhilitane ekwiGreat Fish River. Le ngqokelela, egcinwe eAlbany Museum, isuka kwizinto ezazigrunjwe nguPatrice Jeppson, grunjo olo olwagqitywa phaya koo1980. Uphononongo lweeglasi neentsimbi ezagronjwayo, oluxhaswa nakukufundwa kweentengiso ezakhutshwayo zeethenda nezoonovenkile kwi-The Graham’s Town Journal, lunika iinkcukacha zeendlela abarhwebi, abemi ababesuka kwamanye amazwe aphesheya kweelwandle, abefundisi ababesuka kwamanye amazwe, amajoni noluntu olumnyama lwaloo mimandla ababebandakanyeka ngayo nebabechatshazelwa ngayo lurhwebo olwaqhubeka phakathi ko-1820 no-1860. Olu phando luvelela imiba yoqoqosho lorhwebo, ukhuselo lwabathengi, nobonelelo lwezinto zomkhosi lwezinto eziliqela zeeglasi nezentsimbi. Olu rhwebo olwaluhlumile lwahlanganisa amashishini ahlukileyo, amaqela kunye nabantu nje abazimeleyo ngokuthi barhwebelane ngeemali nangezinto zentlalo, yaye oku kubonisa ukungeniswa kweMpuma Koloni kuthungelwano lorhwebo lobukoloniya lwamaBhilitane.
Anthropology and Archaeology
M.A. (Archaeology)
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Williams, Jane Welch. "The windows of the trades at Chartres Cathedral." 1987. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/18703286.html.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, Los Angeles, 1987.Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 326-355).
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Ryan, Daberath. "Glass capillary gas chromatographic analysis for trace amounts of cyclopropenoid fatty acids." Thesis, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/27215.
Full textAbstract:
Dietary cyclopropenoid fatty acids (CPFA) have long
been known to cause pronounced physiological disorders in
both farm and laboratory animals. Past work has shown
CPFA to be a powerful promoter of carcinogenesis in trout,
rats and mice. Sterculic and malvalic acids (CPFA's) are
found in seed lipids of plants from the order Malvales.
Two members of this order are cotton and kapok, both of
which are used extensively as cooking oils for human
consumption.
Present chemical and instrumental methods of analysis
for CPFA are effective only at CPFA levels above 0.1%, and
accurate only at levels above 1%. A more sensitive method
of analysis was developed exploiting recent technological
advances in glass capillary gas chromatography (GCGC). By
the use of cold on-column injection, and positioning of
the column at the base of the detector flame, this method
eliminates two problem areas found in other GC methods.
The other common component involved in CPFA decomposition,
during GC analysis, is the column. Vitrious silica columns with an inert stationary phase, SE-30, were shown
to separate the highly reactive CPFA without
decomposition. Proof of stability during analysis was
obtained by changing the variables of relative time on
column and column temperature. This method not only
allows individual determination of sterculic and malvalic
acid concentrations, it is rapid, accurate (to the
70 parts per million range), and is superior to other
instrumental and chemical methods.
The CPFA concentration for okra, hollyhock, cheese
weed, seashore mallow, kapok, and white cap cottonseed oil
are as follows: 0.3% to 0.92%, 0.33%, 2.6%, 2.6%, 12.8%,
and 75ppm, respectively. The two different values for
okra were found because seeds from two different growing
seasons were analyzed. No CPFA could be detected in Diet
Imperial Margarine, raw cocoa beans, cocoa butter or
Lucca's winterized cottonseed oil.Graduation date: 1987
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Miller, James Christopher. "Investigation of Trace Uranium in Biological Matrices." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/151045.
Full textAbstract:
A system for the analysis of urine bioassay samples for the purpose of inversely investigating an unknown exposure to uranium has been developed. This technique involves the use of a thin flow electrochemical cell in conjunction with an anodized glassy carbon electrode to selectively separate uranium atoms out of solution for later analysis on an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer. A series of uranium urinalysis bioassay sample results can be used to investigate the time frame and type of exposure. This analysis uses an exposure database and regression analysis to best fit urinalysis uranium excretion data to expected profiles using commercially available mathematics software. The least number of data points to determine an acceptable confidence interval is ten bioassay samples taken at least a week apart.
The system was benchmarked using a random sampling of urinary excretion samples from a known case at the Y-12 plant in the 1960’s. The electrochemical system was characterized using U.S. Department of Energy synthetic urine quality assurance standards from an inter-laboratory exercise in 2012. The separation apparatus was able to consistently separate uranium from the synthetic urine solutions with a consistent recovery between ten and fifteen percent and up to fifty percent. The method is isotope independent and maintains the enrichment of any excreted material. This allows for the material to be compared to operational logbooks at facilities using multiple enrichments in the nuclear fuel cycle. This methodology is recommended for spot estimation in support of a traditional bioassay program.
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Zbeda, Salma Gumaa Amar. "Multilayer graphene modified metal film electrodes for the determination of trace metals by anodic stripping voltammetry." 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/3802.
Full textAbstract:
Magister Scientiae - MScIn this study multilayer graphene nanosheets was synthesize by oxidizing graphite to graphene oxide using H2SO4 and KMnO4 followed by reduction of graphene oxide to graphene using NaBH4. The graphene nanosheets were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy, high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). HRTEM images showed that the multilayer graphene were obtained. The graphene was immobilized directly onto a glassy carbon electrode using the drop coating technique followed by the in situ deposition of mercury, bismuth or antimony thin films to afford graphene modified glassy carbon metal film electrodes (Gr-GC-MEs). The experimental parameters (deposition potential, deposition time, rotation speed, frequency and amplitude) were optimized, and the applicability of the modified electrode was investigated towards the individual and simultaneous determination of Zn2+, Cd2+ and Pb2+ at the low concentration levels (μg L-1) in 0.1 M acetate buffer (pH 4.6) using square wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV). The detection limits values for the Gr-GC-HgE was 0.08, 0.05 and 0.14 μg L-1 for Zn2+, Cd2+ and Pb2+, respectively. The Gr-GC-BiE the detection limits for was 0.12, 0.22 and 0.28 μg L-1 for Zn2+, Cd2+ and Pb2+ while the detection limits for the Gr-GC-SbE was 0.1, 0.3 and 0.3 μg L-1 for Zn2+, Cd2+ and Pb2+, respectively. A Gr-GCE prepared without any binding agents or metal film had detection limits for Zn2+, Cd2+ and Pb2+ of 3.9, 0.8 and 0.2 μg L-1 for Zn2+, Cd2+ and Pb2+. Real sample analysis of which was laboratory tap water was performed using the Gr-GCMEs. Only Gr-GC-HgE was sensitive enough to detect metal ions in the tap water samples at the 3ppb level whereas, the GC-BiE and GC-SbE detected the metal ions at the 10 μg L-1 to 30 μg L-1 level.
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Nekvindová, Terezie. "Výstava versus výstavnictví. Československé pavilony na Expo 1967 v Montrealu a Expo 1970 v Ósace." Doctoral thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-342315.
Full textAbstract:
The paper focuses on the Czechoslovak pavilions at the 1967 and 1970 World Expos. Both events took place in the period around 1968, when, however briefly, the Czechoslovak visual arts partially overlapped with the state's cultural policy. The pavilions (especially at Expo 70) also reflected the socio- political contexts of the year 1968.. In Czechoslovakia towards the end of the 1960s, the purpose of "exhibitioning" - i.e., the state-sponsored exhibition trade - was to communicate with the public and to (re)present the country abroad. Its main goal was to promote and spread the ruling ideology. On the other hand, the Czechoslovak visual arts scene was beginning to consciously work with the medium of the exhibition as a comprehensively composed unit, either through innovative exhibition design and installation or through installation art. While the exhibition trade reached its high point in the 1960s and began to disintegrate into rigid mannerism towards the end of the decade, real experiments with the format of the art exhibition were just beginning. This study focuses on the question of how these two fields (art and the exhibition trade) approached the medium of the exhibition in the 1960s. I study the Czechoslovak pavilions as a cultural artifact in which aesthetic, social, political, and economic forces...
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Jiang, Yan-Long, and 江彥龍. "The evolution of ZrCu precipitation and mechanical properties affected by the trace addition of Ta particles in Zr-Cu-Al-Co bulk metallic glass." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/79029598822228047589.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中央大學
材料科學與工程研究所
105
In some Zr-based bulk metallic glass composites (BMGCs), the ZrCu B2 phase can be precipitated from the matrix. When the ZrCu B2 phase subjected to the stress from the shear banding, it will absorb the energy of shear band and transform into ZrCu B19' phase, and so as to improve the plasticity of Zr-based BMG. However, the particle size and distribution of ZrCu B2 phase in Zr48Cu47.5Al4Co0.5 BMG cannot be well controlled in general casting. Large agglomerated and inhomogeneous distributed ZrCu B2 phase were usually found in the Zr48Cu47.5Al4Co0.5 BMG samples. Therefore, the concept of inoculation in conventional solidification process is applied in this study. The Ta particles (size of 5–30 µm) with 0 ~ 1.0 vol.% were added into Zr48Cu47.5Al4Co0.5 BMG matrix as the inoculant. By using the ultrahigh melting point of tantalum and immiscible with Zr-base substrate, the Ta particles can be uniformly dispersed in the Zr-based alloy melt as the nucleation sites for precipitating ZrCu B2 phase, and form a homogeneously distributed ZrCu B2 phase in the matrix of Zr48Cu47.5Al4Co0.5 BMG. Then, the different cooling rates of solidification process are further used to control the particle size of ZrCu B2 phase. Based on the results of XRD analysis, Zr48Cu47.5Al4Co0.5 alloy rods with 0 ~ 0.75 vol.% Ta particle additions made by the copper mold at the temperature of -30°C present amorphous structure co-existing with ZrCu B2 phase. However, when the temperature of copper mold increases to higher than -20 °C, the sample with 0.75 vol.% Ta particle additions will be totally crystallized. After adding Ta particles, the precipitates of ZrCu B2 phase in the Zr48Cu47.5Al4Co0.5 alloy matrix exhibit more even distribution and round shape. But when decrease the cooling rate of solidification, the large amount of ZrCu B2 precipitates will agglomerate and form a large particle. According to the results of DSC analysis, with increasing the amount of Ta particles and decreasing the cooling rate of solidification, the enthalpy value of crystallization exothermic peak decreases, which means that the volume fraction of amorphous matrix decreased and the precipitate of ZrCu B2 phase increased. The results of compression test reveal that the sample of Zr48Cu47.5Al4Co0.5 added with 0.75 vol.% Ta particle performs the highest mechanical properties, 1750 MPa yield stress, 1890 MPa fracture stress, and 14 % plastic strain. This is 6.5 % improvement of plastic strain in comparison with its base alloy.
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Denman, John A. "The application of time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) to forensic glass analysis and questioned document examination." 2007. http://arrow.unisa.edu.au:8081/1959.8/40576.
Full textAbstract:
The combination of analytical sensitivity and selectivity provided by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS), with advanced statistical interrogation by principal component analysis (PCA), has allowed a significant advancement in the forensic discrimination of pen, pencil and glass materials based on trace characterisation.
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Matouš, Petr. "Voltametrické stanovení vybraných psychofarmak pomocí uhlíkových elektrod." Master's thesis, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-396825.
Full textAbstract:
Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) was used for developing a method for the determination of phenothiazine derivatives, namely chlorpromazine (CHP) and levomepromazine (LMP), using a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) and a graphite electrode, both with a 2 mm disc diameter. Comparison of quantification limits (LQ) for both substances on both electrodes was performed. After optimizing and processing the results, the optimal conditions for measuring calibrations were as follows: Britton- Robinson (BR) buffer at pH 4.0. Calibration dependences were measured inthe concentration range from 1·10-7 to 1·10-4 mol·dm-3 . There was no need for electrochemical electrode regeneration or matrix pretreatment. The results showed higher measurement sensitivity for CHP, and the graphite electrode also showed higher sensitivity. Although there were measured lower concentrations with the graphite electrode in comparison to the GCE, because of the low repeatability of the measurements in the lower concentration range 1-10·10-7 mol·dm-3 , the LQ is comparable to the results reached on the GCE. Besides to the BR buffer, measurements in other matrices (drinking water and river water) were also made. The following LQ values were achieved: 1.0·10-6 mol·dm-3 (in BR buffer), 1.1·10-6 -1.4·10-6 mol·dm-3 (in drinking water) and...