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Journal articles on the topic 'Glassy carbon paste electrode'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Sýs, Milan, Elmorsy Khaled, Radovan Metelka, and Karel Vytřas. "Electrochemical characterisation of novel screen-printed carbon paste electrodes for voltammetric measurements." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 82, no. 7-8 (2017): 865–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc170207048s.

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This work is focused on the homemade screen-printed carbon paste electrode containing basically graphite powder (or glassy carbon powder), poly(vinylbchloride) (PVC) and paraffin oil. It compares the electrochemical properties of conventional carbon-based electrodes and prepared screen-printed carbon paste electrodes towards [Fe(CN)6]3-/[Fe(CN)6]4- and quinone/hydroquinone redox couples. Significant attention is paid to the development of the corresponding carbon inks, printing and the surface characterisation of the resulting electrodes by the scanning electron microscopy. An optimization consisted of the selection of the organic solvent, the optimal content of the used polymer with the chosen paste binder, appropriate isolation of electric contact, etc. Very similar properties of the prepared screen-printed electrodes, containing only corresponding carbon powder and 3 % PVC, with their conventional carbon paste electrode and glassy carbon-based electrodes, were observed during their characterisation. Screen-printed electrodes, with the pasting liquid usually provided satisfactory analytical data. Moreover, they can be used in the flow injection analysis and could undoubtedly replace the carbon paste grooved electrodes. It can be assumed that certain progress in the development of electrode materials was achieved by this research.

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2

KIRGOZ, U., S. TIMUR, J. WANG, and A. TELEFONCU. "Xanthine oxidase modified glassy carbon paste electrode." Electrochemistry Communications 6, no. 9 (September 2004): 913–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.elecom.2004.07.001.

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3

Wang, Joseph, Ülkü Anik Kirgöz, Jian-Wei Mo, Jianmin Lu, Abdel Nasser Kawde, and Alexandr Muck. "Glassy carbon paste electrodes." Electrochemistry Communications 3, no. 4 (April 2001): 203–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1388-2481(01)00142-4.

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4

Pastor, Ferenc T., Hana Dejmková, Jiří Zima, and Jiří Barek. "Determination of chloramphenicol by differential pulse voltammetry at carbon paste electrodes – The use of sodium sulfite for removal of oxygen from electrode surface." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 76, no. 5 (2011): 383–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc2011011.

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The possibility of determination of chloramphenicol by differential pulse voltammetry at four different carbon paste electrodes, in the full pH range (2–12) of Britton–Robinson (BR) buffer was investigated. Electrodes were prepared by mixing spectroscopic graphite powder or glassy carbon microbeads with mineral oil (Nujol) or tricresyl phosphate. Under optimal conditions (BR buffer pH 12, the electrode prepared from glassy carbon microbeads and tricresyl phosphate), linear calibration graph was obtained only in 10–5 M chloramphenicol concentration range. Determination of lower concentrations of chloramphenicol was complicated by irreproducible peak of oxygen from the carbon paste which overlapped with peak of chloramphenicol. Addition of sodium sulfite removed the oxygen peak without influence on the peak of chloramphenicol. Under optimal conditions (electrode paste made from glassy carbon microbeads, BR buffer pH 10 and 0.5 M sodium sulfite), straight calibration line was obtained in the 10–6 and 10–5 M chloramphenicol concentration range. Limit of determination was 5 × 10–7 mol/l.

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5

Wójcik, Szymon, and Małgorzata Jakubowska. "Optimization of anethole determination using differential pulse voltammetry on glassy carbon electrode, boron doped diamond electrode and carbon paste electrode." Science, Technology and Innovation 3, no. 2 (December 27, 2018): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.8152.

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Voltammetry is the general term for all techniques in which the current is measured as a function of electrode potential. The voltammetric techniques can be applied for the quantitative analysis of inorganic and organic species and are best suited for substances which can be either oxidized or reduced on electrodes. These techniques are characterized by high sensitivity which results in the possibility of performing determinations at a low concentration level. In voltammetry, many different types of working electrodes are applied. One of the important groups are solid electrodes, among which carbon electrodes play an important role. They represent a good alternative to mercury electrodes, however, surface preparation before the usage is required. In this work anethole determination will be presented using three types of carbon electrodes: glassy carbon electrode, boron doped diamond electrode and carbon paste electrode. Optimization process will be also described.

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6

Radi, Abd-Elgawad M., and Shimaa H. Eissa. "Electrochemical study of glimepiride and its complexation with β-cyclodextrin." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 76, no. 1 (December 1, 2010): 13–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc2010091.

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The electrochemical behavior of a hypoglycemic drug, glimepiride (GM), was studied at glassy carbon (GCE) and carbon paste (CPE) electrodes in phosphate buffer over the pH range of 2.7–11.7 using cyclic and differential pulse voltammetry. Oxidation of the drug was shown to be an irreversible and diffusion-controlled process. Using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), the drug yielded a well-defined voltammetric peak in phosphate buffer pH 6.4 at +1.16 V and pH 7.0 at +1.07 V (vs Ag|AgCl) on glassy carbon and carbon paste electrodes, respectively. This process could be used to determine glimepiride concentrations in the range from 1.0 × 10–5 to 3.2 × 10–5 mol l–1 with a detection limit of 2.0 × 10–6 mol l–1 in case of the glassy carbon electrode and in the range of 2.0 × 10–6 to 1.5 × 10–5 mol l–1 with a detection limit of 7.5 × 10–7 mol l–1 in case of the carbon paste electrode. The method was successfully applied to the determination of the drug in a tablet dosage form. Next, the formation of an inclusion complex of glimepiride with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) in phosphate buffer (pH 7.0):methanol (90:10 (v/v)) has been investigated by differential pulse voltammetry as well as UV spectrophotometry and its stability constant was determined by both methods to be 202.0 and 197.9 l mol–1, respectively.

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7

Bozal-Palabiyik, Burcin, Burcu Dogan-Topal, Abdolmajid Bayandori Moghaddam, Sibel A. Ozkan, Mahmood Kazemzad, and Bengi Uslu. "Electrochemical Detection of ct-dsDNA on Nanomaterial-modified Carbon Based Electrodes." Current Analytical Chemistry 15, no. 3 (May 7, 2019): 305–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573411014666180426165425.

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Background: Nanomaterials have a significant role in improving the performance of electrochemical sensing systems. Unique physical and chemical properties have extended the application of nanomaterials in the fields of engineering, materials and biomedical science. In the last few years, these materials with unique properties have been preferred in the design of experimental approaches for the analysis of metal ions, proteins, biomarkers and pharmaceutical compounds. This paper reports preparation, characterization of two different nanomaterials and their electrochemical application on doublestranded calf-thymus DNA signals. Methods: The multi-walled carbon nanotubes were functionalized with amine groups (MWCNTs-NH2) by employing the dielectric barrier discharge plasma treatment and then applied as MWCNTs- NH2/glassy carbon electrode. Moreover, the synthesized mesoporous silica MCM-41 was chemically amine functionalized and used as MCM-41-NH2/carbon paste electrode. For biosensor preparation, a thin layer of calf thymus double stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (ct-dsDNA) was immobilized over the modified electrodes. Results: The influence of dsDNA immobilized substrate was investigated based on the electrochemical signals. While dsDNA/MCM-41-NH2/carbon paste biosensor showed a selective effect for guanine signals, the dsDNA/MWCNTs-NH2/glassy carbon biosensor presented electrocatalytic effect for dsDNA signals. Both dsDNA modified electrodes were employed to explore the interaction between the dsDNA and the anticancer drug etoposide (ETP) in aqueous solution through voltammetric techniques. By increasing the interaction time with ETP, the adenine peak current was quenched in the presence of MWCNTs-NH2 based glassy carbon electrode. Whereas, in the presence of MCM-41-NH2 based CP electrode, selective interaction with guanine occurred and oxidation peak intensity was diminished. Conclusion: The selective effect of MCM-41-NH2 can be used when the studied substances give a signal with the same potential of adenine.

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8

Konvalina, Jiří, Elmorsy Khaled, and Karel Vytřas. "Carbon Paste Electrode as a Support for Mercury Film in Potentiometric Stripping Determination of Heavy Metals." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 65, no. 6 (2000): 1047–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc20001047.

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Carbon paste electrodes containing silicone or paraffin oil as the pasting liquids, preplated with a mercury film, were tested for possible use in potentiometric stripping determination of heavy metals like lead, cadmium and copper. The detailed study has shown that the results are comparable with those obtained with widely used mercury-coated glassy carbon electrode with regard to the linear response at low ppb levels, detection limits, reproducibility, etc. The potentiometric stripping analysis with both electrode materials was used for the determination of lead and copper in a soot sample. No significant differences were found when these results were compared with a reference determination performed by graphite-furnace atomic absorption spectrometry.

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9

Wang, Lai-Hao, and Shih-Ying Zeng. "Voltammetric behavior of 4-acetamidohippuric acid and 4-acetamidobenzoic acid on a disposable carbon electrode and their determination in human urine." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 74, no. 3 (2009): 443–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc2008142.

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The voltammetric behavior of 4-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) and its acetylated metabolite on glassy carbon, carbon fiber or carbon paste electrodes was investigated in an aqueous supporting electrolyte. 4-Aminohippuric acid (4-AHA), 4-acetamidobenzoic acid (4-AMB) and 4-acetamidohippuric acid (4-Ac-AHA) can be separated on a capillary carbon paste electrode in 0.1 M lithium perchlorate. The oxidation potentials of PABA, 4-AHA, 4-AMB and 4-Ac-AHA were 0.70, 0.88, 1.06 and 1.10 V on capillary CPE, respectively. The electrooxidation process is used for simultaneous quantitative determination of acetylated metabolites in urine.

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10

Ly, Suw Young, Young Sam Jung, Chang Hyun Lee, and Bang Won Lee. "Administering Pesticide Assays in In Vivo-Implanted Biosensors." Australian Journal of Chemistry 61, no. 10 (2008): 826. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch08028.

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An analytical pesticide assay of O-ethyl-O-4-(nitrophenyl)phenyl phosphonothioate (EPN) was carried out using the following: a carbon nanotube paste electrode, a mercury-immobilized carbon nanotube paste electrode, a glassy carbon electrode, a metal–gold electrode, and a DNA-immobilized carbon nanotube paste electrode (DPE), which is two-fold more sensitive than other sensors. The DPE was optimized using cyclic and square wave stripping voltammetry. Linear working ranges approached 5–55 mg L–1 EPN and the nano-range of 10–210 ng L–1 in a 0.1 mol L–1 NH4H2PO4 electrolyte solution, with a speedy analytical time of 30-s stripping. The detection limit was 2.57 ng L–1 (7.94 × 10–12 mol L–1), and the precision was 0.102% relative standard deviation (n = 15) at the 10.0 mg L–1 EPN spike. This indicates that the method is more sensitive than common voltammetric methods. This method was applied to fruit samples using patch- and needle-type electrodes, specifically on the skin tissues of an orange and an apple. Moreover, the implanted electrode was interfaced with a fish brain cell at the electrochemical workstation. Results showed that the aforementioned method can be used to conduct a pesticide assay in neuro-treated and non-treated cell systems.

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11

Ashrafi, Amir M., and Lukáš Richtera. "Preparation and Characterization of Carbon Paste Electrode Bulk-Modified with Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes and Its Application in a Sensitive Assay of Antihyperlipidemic Simvastatin in Biological Samples." Molecules 24, no. 12 (June 13, 2019): 2215. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24122215.

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Determination of an antihyperlipidemic drug simvastatin (SIM) was carried out using a carbon paste electrode bulk-modified with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT-CPE). Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were used for the characterization of the prepared electrodes. Different electrodes were prepared varying in mass percentage of MWCNTs to find out the optimum amount of MWCNTs in the paste. The MWCNT-CPE in which the mass percentage of MWCNTs was 25% (w/w) was found as the optimum. Then, the prepared electrode was used in a mechanistic study and sensitive assay of SIM in pharmaceutical dosage form and a spiked human plasma sample using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The prepared electrode shows better sensitivity compared to the bare carbon paste and glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The detection limit and the limit of quantification were calculated to be 2.4 × 10−7 and 8 × 10−7, respectively. The reproducibility of the electrode was confirmed by the low value of the relative standard deviation (RSD% = 4.8%) when eight measurements of the same sample were carried out. Determination of SIM in pharmaceutical dosage form was successfully performed with a bias of 0.3% and relative recovery rate of 99.7%. Furthermore, the human plasma as a more complicated matrix was spiked with a known concentration of SIM and the spiking recovery rate was determined with the developed method to be 99.5%.

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12

Sandulescu, Robert V., Simona M. Mirel, Radu N. Oprean, and Simion Lotrean. "Comparative Electrochemical Study of Some Phenothiazines with Carbon Paste, Solid Carbon Paste and Glass-Like Carbon Electrodes." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 65, no. 6 (2000): 1014–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc20001014.

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In order to obtain modified electrodes with phenothiazines and to develop electrochemical methods for their determination in pharmaceutical formulations, promazine maleate, promethazine maleate and levomepromazine, were studied by linear sweep voltammetry using different types of working electrodes: carbon paste, solid carbon paste and glass-like carbon electrodes. A comparative electrochemical study of the above mentioned pheno- thiazines was performed in aqueous-alcoholic solutions, investigating the influence of pH, ionic strength and concentration on the current-potential curves. Linear sweep voltammetry in potential range from -0.1 to +1.3 V revealed that the oxidation potential and the current, strongly depend on the type of electrode and pH, the best results being obtained in acid buffer (pH 1.0). The current intensity depending linearly on the concentration in the range of 2.5·10-5-5·10-4 M promazine maleate, 2.5·10-5-2.5·10-4 M promethazine maleate and 6.2·10-5-1.2·10-3 M levomepromazine permits the development of electroanalytical methods to determine these phenothiazines in pharmaceuticals. The electrochemical determination yielded results comparable with spectrophotometric methods. Linear sweep voltammetry of carbon paste electrodes modified by incorporation of phenothiazines opens the possibility to use them as mediators in the design of some enzyme selective electrodes.

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13

Câmpean, Anuţa, Mihaela Tertiş, and Robert Săndulescu. "Electrochemical behavior of some purine derivatives on carbon based electrodes." Open Chemistry 9, no. 3 (June 1, 2011): 466–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11532-011-0026-6.

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AbstractThe electrochemical behaviour of three purine derivatives was investigated by cyclic voltammetry on different electrode materials: glassy carbon in native form and electrochemically activated, carbon paste electrode unmodified or modified with 1, 4-benzoquinone. The preliminary study obtained on solid electrodes was extended to graphite based planar screen-printed electrodes, unmodified and modified with multi-wall carbon nanotubes, or cobalt phthalocyanine.The influence of some experimental parameters (pH, scan rate, concentration and electrolytic medium) on the electrochemical behaviour of these alkaloids was also examined.The electrochemical oxidation of purine derivatives is an irreversible and diffusion controlled process, proved by the linear dependence between the peak potentials and the logarithm of scan rates and between the anodic peak current and the square root of scan rate.

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14

Rodrı́guez, Marcela C., and Gustavo A. Rivas. "Glassy carbon paste electrodes modified with polyphenol oxidase." Analytica Chimica Acta 459, no. 1 (May 2002): 43–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0003-2670(02)00088-0.

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15

Hendawy, Hassan A. M., Waheed M. Salem, Mahmmoud S. Abd-Elmonem, and Elmorsy Khaled. "Nanomaterial-Based Carbon Paste Electrodes for Voltammetric Determination of Naproxen in Presence of Its Degradation Products." Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry 2019 (April 16, 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/5381031.

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The present work describes a novel, simple, and fast electroanalytical methodology for naproxen (NAP) determination in pharmaceutical formulations and biological fluids in the presence of its degradation products. Carbon paste electrodes (CPEs) modified with different carbon nanomaterials, namely, glassy carbon powder (GCE), multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), graphene nanosheets (Gr), and graphene oxides (GO) were tested. Comprehensive studies were performed on the electrode matrix composition including the nature of the pasting liquids, pH, carbon nanomaterials, and mode of electrode modification. Two anodic oxidation peaks were recorded at 0.890 and 1.18 V in 1 × 10−1 mol·L−1 phosphate buffer solution at pH 6. Oxidation of naproxen (NAP) is an irreversible diffusion-controlled process. Calibration plots were rectilinear in the concentration ranging from 0.067 to 1.0 µg·mL−1 with correlation coefficient 0.9979. Photodegradation of NAP resulted in disappearance of the oxidation peak at 1.18 V, allowing simultaneous determination of NAP in presence of its degradation product. The achieved high sensitivity and selectivity suggest the application of the proposed protocol for naproxen determination in pharmaceutical preparations and human blood plasma.

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Tepeli, Yudum, Bilal Demir, Suna Timur, and Ulku Anik. "An electrochemical cytosensor based on a PAMAM modified glassy carbon paste electrode." RSC Advances 5, no. 66 (2015): 53973–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra07893h.

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Ibrahim, Mohamed, Yassien Temerk, and Hossieny Ibrahim. "Fabrication of a new biosensor based on a Sn doped ceria nanoparticle modified glassy carbon paste electrode for the selective determination of the anticancer drug dacarbazine in pharmaceuticals." RSC Advances 7, no. 51 (2017): 32357–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ra04331g.

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18

Yu, Yuan, Yanli Zhou, Liangzhuan Wu, and Jinfang Zhi. "Electrochemical Biosensor Based on Boron-Doped Diamond Electrodes with Modified Surfaces." International Journal of Electrochemistry 2012 (2012): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/567171.

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Boron-doped diamond (BDD) thin films, as one kind of electrode materials, are superior to conventional carbon-based materials including carbon paste, porous carbon, glassy carbon (GC), carbon nanotubes in terms of high stability, wide potential window, low background current, and good biocompatibility. Electrochemical biosensor based on BDD electrodes have attracted extensive interests due to the superior properties of BDD electrodes and the merits of biosensors, such as specificity, sensitivity, and fast response. Electrochemical reactions perform at the interface between electrolyte solutions and the electrodes surfaces, so the surface structures and properties of the BDD electrodes are important for electrochemical detection. In this paper, the recent advances of BDD electrodes with different surfaces including nanostructured surface and chemically modified surface, for the construction of various electrochemical biosensors, were described.

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19

Ibrahim, Hossieny, Yassien Temerk, and Nasser Farhan. "Electrochemical sensor for individual and simultaneous determination of guanine and adenine in biological fluids and in DNA based on a nano-In–ceria modified glassy carbon paste electrode." RSC Advances 6, no. 93 (2016): 90220–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra13704k.

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A novel, simple and sensitive electrochemical method for individual and simultaneous determination of guanine and adenine was developed using an In doped ceria nanoparticle modified glassy carbon paste electrode (In–CeO₂/GCPE).

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20

Momčilović, Milan Z., Jelena S. Milićević, and Marjan S. Ranđelović. "Recent Advances in Electrochemical Determination of Pesticides." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 21, no. 12 (December 1, 2021): 5795–811. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2021.19541.

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Widespread usage of pesticides in agricultural practice caused their residues to appear in water and food products intended for human consumption. The potential toxicity of these resources has raised awareness about pesticide tracking in the environment. Development of reliable electrochemical sensors for the on-site determination of pesticide concentrations is envisioned as an alternative to conventional chromatographic methods which are robust, expensive and require skilled work force. Modification of the working electrode surface can result in enhanced electrochemical response towards selected pesticide making such electrode convenient sensor for facile and efficient determination of pesticides in low concentrations. New generation of nanomaterials is applied in electrode modification in order to improve its sensitivity and selectivity. The present review summarizes significant advances in voltammetric detection of pesticides for the period of the past five years. The major focus of this review is set to the types of carbon and oxide based materials, metal nanoparticles, composites and other materials employed to upgrade standard electrode configurations such as glassy carbon and carbon paste electrodes, boron doped diamond electrodes, screen printed and film electrodes, metal and amalgam, and other kinds of electrodes.

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21

Varma, S. "Bioelectrochemical studies on catalase modified glassy carbon paste electrodes." Electrochemistry Communications 4, no. 2 (February 2002): 151–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1388-2481(01)00292-2.

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22

Anik, ۬kü, Murat Tutum, and Sema Aslan. "Fabrication of Biofuel Cell Based on Nanomaterial Modified Composite Glassy Carbon Paste Electrode." Current Analytical Chemistry 12, no. 1 (October 7, 2015): 54–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573411011666150709162320.

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23

NISHIYAMA, Katsuhiko, Kazufumi INADA, and Isao TANIGUCHI. "Selective Determination of Uric Acid, Tryptphan, and Serotonin at Glassy Carbon Paste Electrode." Electrochemistry 78, no. 2 (2010): 165–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5796/electrochemistry.78.165.

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Çevik, Serdar, and Ülkü Anik. "Banana Tissue-Nanoparticle/Nanotube Based Glassy Carbon Paste Electrode Biosensors for Catechol Detection." Sensor Letters 8, no. 4 (August 1, 2010): 667–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/sl.2010.1327.

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Ören, Tuğba, and Ülkü Anık. "Voltammetric determination of caffeine by using gold nanoparticle-glassy carbon paste composite electrode." Measurement 106 (August 2017): 26–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2017.04.031.

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26

Dejmkova, Hana, Hana Adamkova, Jiri Barek, and Jiri Zima. "Voltammetric and amperometric determination of selected catecholamine metabolites using glassy carbon paste electrode." Monatshefte für Chemie - Chemical Monthly 148, no. 3 (February 4, 2017): 511–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00706-016-1902-8.

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Jemelková, Zuzana, Jiří Zima, and Jiří Barek. "Voltammetric and amperometric determination of doxorubicin using carbon paste electrodes." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 74, no. 10 (2009): 1503–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc2009081.

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Direct current voltammetric (DCV) and differential pulse voltammetric (DPV) determination of antineoplastic agent doxorubicin (DOX) at a carbon paste electrode (CPE) was developed. Britton–Robinson buffer (pH 7.0) was used as a supporting electrolyte. The limits of detection are 8 × 10–7 mol l–1 (DCV) and 6 × 10–8 mol l–1 (DPV). The accumulation of DOX at the electrode surface was used to decrease the limits of detection down to 2.2 × 10–7 mol l–1 for adsorptive stripping DC voltammetry (DCAdSV) and 2.8 × 10–9 mol l–1 for adsorptive stripping differential pulse voltammetry (DPAdSV) at CPE. The results of the voltammetric methods were utilized for the development of a new determination of doxorubicin using HPLC with amperometric detection on CPE based on spherical microparticles of glassy carbon in a wall-jet configuration. A column with chemically bonded C18 stationary phase and a mobile phase containing 0.01 M phosphate buffer (pH 5.0)–methanol 25:75 (v/v) were used. The limit of detection is 4 × 10–7 mol l–1 (HPLC with electrochemical detection (ED)).

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Antiochia, Riccarda, Irma Lavagnini, Franco Magno, Federica Valentini, and Giuseppe Palleschi. "Single-Wall Carbon Nanotube Paste Electrodes: a Comparison with Carbon Paste, Platinum and Glassy Carbon Electrodes via Cyclic Voltammetric Data." Electroanalysis 16, no. 17 (September 2004): 1451–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elan.200302971.

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Dimitrijević, Teodora, Predrag Vulić, Dragan Manojlović, Aleksandar S. Nikolić, and Dalibor M. Stanković. "Amperometric ascorbic acid sensor based on doped ferrites nanoparticles modified glassy carbon paste electrode." Analytical Biochemistry 504 (July 2016): 20–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ab.2016.03.020.

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Chien, Hui-Ching, and Tse-Chuan Chou. "Glassy Carbon Paste Electrodes for the Determination of Fructosyl Valine." Electroanalysis 22, no. 6 (March 2010): 688–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elan.200900384.

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Ricci, Francesco, Carla Gonçalves, Aziz Amine, Lo Gorton, Giuseppe Palleschi, and Danila Moscone. "Electroanalytical Study of Prussian Blue Modified Glassy Carbon Paste Electrodes." Electroanalysis 15, no. 14 (August 2003): 1204–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elan.200390148.

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Pedano, M. L., and G. A. Rivas. "Adsorption and Electrooxidation of DNA at Glassy Carbon Paste Electrodes." Analytical Letters 43, no. 10-11 (July 6, 2010): 1703–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00032711003653866.

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Sochr, Jozef, Martina Machková, Ľubomír Machyňák, František Čacho, and Ľubomír Švorc. "Heavy metals determination using various in situ bismuth film modified carbon-based electrodes." Acta Chimica Slovaca 9, no. 1 (April 1, 2016): 28–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/acs-2016-0006.

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Abstract The proposed work deals with the utilization of three carbon-based electrode substrates such as boron-doped diamond, glassy carbon and carbon paste for the preparation of in situ bismuth film modified electrodes. Such modified electrodes were subsequently used for the differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetric determination of heavy metal cations (Zn2+, Cd2+ and Pb2+) individually and simultaneously using similar experimental conditions (0.1 mol l−1 acetic buffer solution of pH 4.5 as supporting electrolyte with the addition of 0.1 mmol l−1 Bi3+, deposition potential of −1.4 V and deposition time of 120 s). The results showed that the modification step mostly enhanced the deposition and stripping process of studied cations when compared to the bare electrode substrates. A boron-doped diamond electrode was selected as the substrate for modification and the procedure was applied to the real sample analysis including water sample (certified reference material) and wastewater sample. Using the standard addition method the concentrations of particular heavy metals were quantified and the determined values were in a good agreement with those obtained by the reference method — high resolution atomic absorption spectroscopy with electrothermal atomisation and continual radiation source. This fact highlights that the developed in situ bismuth film modified boron-doped diamond electrode is a suitable electrochemical sensor to be applied to routine analysis of water samples containing heavy metals.

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Xiao, Fei, Changping Ruan, Jiangwen Li, Lihong Liu, Faqiong Zhao, and Baizhao Zeng. "Voltammetric Determination of Xanthine with a Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube-Ionic Liquid Paste Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode." Electroanalysis 20, no. 4 (February 2008): 361–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elan.200704042.

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Lim, Chan Kyu, Yo Seb Lee, Sung Hoon Choa, Deuk Young Lee, Lee Soon Park, and Su Yong Nam. "Effect of Polymer Binder on the Transparent Conducting Electrodes on Stretchable Film Fabricated by Screen Printing of Silver Paste." International Journal of Polymer Science 2017 (2017): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/9623620.

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Smart wearable devices and sensors have been fabricated by screen printing of metal paste as functional circuits since the metal interconnects exhibited much less electrical resistance than other conducting materials such as carbon nanotube or conducting polymers (PEDOT:PSS). In this study, we chose silver particle as conductive material in the form of silver paste and used screen printing to fabricate a stretchable touch screen panel utilizing metal mesh method for the transparent electrode patterning. The rheological study of Ag pastes showed that the binder polymer with high molecular weight and low glass transition temperature (Tg) can stabilize the Ag paste with Ag particle content over 80% by weight. The stretching and bending tests of Ag electrode films obtained by screen printing indicated that good conductivity of Ag electrodes is related to the stability of Ag paste obtained with the high molecular weight binder polymer.

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Mudrinic, Tihana, Zorica Mojovic, Abu Rabi-Stankovic, Ana Ivanovic-Sasic, Aleksandra Milutinovic-Nikolic, and Dusan Jovanovic. "Oxidation of hydroxide ions at platinum modified zeolite electrode." Chemical Industry 66, no. 5 (2012): 759–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind111223027m.

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NaX zeolite was modified by platinum via impregnation/thermal decomposition technique, using Pt(II)-acetylacetonate in acetone as an impregnating solution. The samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and cyclic voltammetry methods. The mixture of modified zeolite and 10 wt % of carbon black, in a form of thin layer, was pasted to a glassy carbon surface. With this mixture as the electrode material hydroxide ions oxidation was studied by cyclic voltammetry. The response of modified zeolite electrodes was compared with bare platinum electrode and platinum electrode covered with Nafion film.

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Stević, Milica C., Ljubiša M. Ignjatović, Gordana Ćirić-Marjanović, Budimir Marjanović, Jiři Barek, and Jiři Zima. "Electrochemical oxidation of 6-hydroxyquinoline on a glassy carbon paste electrode: Voltammetric and computational study." Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry 677-680 (July 2012): 69–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2012.04.030.

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Arvand, Majid, and Tahereh M. Gholizadeh. "Gold nanorods–graphene oxide nanocomposite incorporated carbon nanotube paste modified glassy carbon electrode for voltammetric determination of indomethacin." Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 186 (September 2013): 622–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2013.06.059.

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Xie, Jining, Shouyan Wang, L. Aryasomayajula, and V. K. Varadan. "Effect of nanomaterials in platinum-decorated carbon nanotube paste-based electrodes for amperometric glucose detection." Journal of Materials Research 23, no. 5 (May 2008): 1457–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2008.0177.

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The effect of nanomaterials in platinum-decorated, multiwalled, carbon nanotube-based electrodes for amperometric glucose sensing was investigated by a comparative study with other carbon material-based electrodes such as graphite, glassy carbon, and multiwalled carbon nanotubes. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction were used to investigate their morphologies and crystallinities. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was conducted to compare the electrochemical characteristics of these electrodes. The glucose-sensing results from the chronoamperometric measurements indicated that carbon nanotubes improve the linearity of the current response to glucose concentrations over a wide range, and that platinum decoration of the carbon nanotubes produces improved electrochemical performance with a higher sensitivity.

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Moshari, Mahsa, Dipak Koirala, and Peter B. Allen. "Facile Fabrication of DNA Biosensors Based on Oxidized Carbon Black and Graphite Oxide." Proceedings 41, no. 1 (November 14, 2019): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-23-06612.

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We investigated electrochemical sensors based on graphite oxide (GrO) and oxidized carbon black (CbO). GrO and CbO were synthesized by the modified Hummers method. Single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) probes were synthesized with a 5′ primary amine for attachment. These ssDNA oligonucleotides were immobilized on GrO and CbO using standard 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethyl aminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) coupling. This formed an amide bond between the DNA-amine and carboxyl groups on GrO and CbO. GrO and CbO were used instead of graphite in a carbon paste material. This significantly enhanced the sensitivity of the biosensor for the reverse-complementary DNA. We detected reverse-complimentary DNA using Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) and Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) in a ferricyanide solution. The solution was spiked with the ssDNA oligonucleotide with the reverse-complementary sequence of the immobilized probe. The change in current or impedance was measured. We present early work on optimizing the fabrication method for DNA-functionalized carbon electrodes. Working electrodes were fabricated by drop-casting the active material onto a glassy carbon electrode surface.

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Jashari, Granit, Michaela Frühbauerová, Milan Sýs, and Libor Červenka. "Extractive stripping voltammetry at a glassy carbon paste electrode for analysis of cow's milk and cream." Potravinarstvo Slovak Journal of Food Sciences 14 (April 28, 2020): 202–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5219/1299.

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In this paper, a procedure based on extractive accumulation of milk fat globules (MFGs) into a pasting liquid (lipophilic binder) of glassy carbon paste electrode (GCPE) with subsequent electrochemical detection by square-wave voltammetry (SWV) in 0.1 mol L-1 Britton-Robinson buffer of pH 4.0 has been tested to find out whether it can be utilized as a simple screening analytical method for cow's milk and cream nutrition control. Since there is assumption that the necessary alkaline hydrolysis of cow's milk and subsequent extraction of lipophilic vitamins into an organic solvent could be avoided, several GCPEs differing in type (atactic polypropylene, paraffin oil, paraffin wax, silicone oil, and vaseline) and content (5, 10, 15, 20, and 25%; w/w) of pasting liquid used were tested as part of complex optimization. The obtained results show that MFGs contain predominantly vitamin A (carotenoids and retinoids), especially all-trans-retinol, which could serve as significant marker of the fat content. However, their individual forms were not possible to distinguish due to the considerable anodic peak broadening (overlapping).

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SUGAWARA, Kazuharu, Asako YUGAMI, Norifumi TERUI, and Hideki KURAMITZ. "Electrochemical Study of Functionalization on the Surface of a Chitin/Platinum-modified Glassy Carbon Paste Electrode." Analytical Sciences 25, no. 11 (2009): 1365–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2116/analsci.25.1365.

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Ji, Ying, Yuan Li, Binbin Ren, Xinsheng Liu, Yonghong Li, and Jeffrey Soar. "Nitrogen-doped graphene-ionic liquid-glassy carbon microsphere paste electrode for ultra-sensitive determination of quercetin." Microchemical Journal 155 (June 2020): 104689. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2020.104689.

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ASLAN, Sema, Murat TUTUM, Yudum TEPELİ, and Ülkü ANIK. "Comparison of influence of nanomaterials on a glassy carbon paste electrode-based bioanode in biofuel cells." TURKISH JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY 40 (2016): 698–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.3906/kim-1512-87.

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Hernández, Lucas, Elisa González, and Pedro Hernández. "Determination of clozapine by adsorptive anodic voltammetry using glassy carbon and modified carbon paste electrodes." Analyst 113, no. 11 (1988): 1715–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/an9881301715.

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Barek, Jirí, Alexandr Muck, Joseph Wang, and Jirí Zima. "Study of Voltammetric Determination of Carcinogenic 1-Nitropyrene and 1-Aminopyrene Using a Glassy Carbon Paste Electrode." Sensors 4, no. 5 (July 20, 2004): 47–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s40500047.

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Ibrahim, Hossieny, and Yassien Temerk. "Novel sensor for sensitive electrochemical determination of luteolin based on In2O3 nanoparticles modified glassy carbon paste electrode." Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 206 (January 2015): 744–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2014.09.011.

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Sanghavi, Bankim J., Shaikh M. Mobin, Pradeep Mathur, Goutam K. Lahiri, and Ashwini K. Srivastava. "Biomimetic sensor for certain catecholamines employing copper(II) complex and silver nanoparticle modified glassy carbon paste electrode." Biosensors and Bioelectronics 39, no. 1 (January 2013): 124–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2012.07.008.

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Sanghavi, Bankim J., and Ashwini K. Srivastava. "Simultaneous voltammetric determination of acetaminophen and tramadol using Dowex50wx2 and gold nanoparticles modified glassy carbon paste electrode." Analytica Chimica Acta 706, no. 2 (November 2011): 246–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2011.08.040.

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Yan, Quanping, Faqiong Zhao, Guangzu Li, and Baizhao Zeng. "Voltammetric Determination of Uric Acid with a Glassy Carbon Electrode Coated by Paste of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes and Ionic Liquid." Electroanalysis 18, no. 11 (June 2006): 1075–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elan.200603502.

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