Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Glaucome à angle ouvert – Thérapeutique'
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Soubirou, Christine. "Glaucome et béta-bloquants." Bordeaux 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR2P085.
Full textADAM, MARIE. "Etude genetique du glaucome primitif a angle ouvert." Paris 7, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA077003.
Full textGrenier, Jean-Christophe. "Le glaucome primitif à angle ouvert : données actuelles et nouvelles perspectives de traitement." Bordeaux 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR2P039.
Full textREGNIER, OLIVIER. "Etude fluorophotometrique dans le glaucome chronique a angle ouvert." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990CLF13801.
Full textGAMBLIN, JEAN. "La microchirurgie du glaucome primitif a angle ouvert : resultats a long terme de 250 trabeculectomies realisees dans l'indication du glaucome primitif a angle ouvert." Angers, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ANGE1078.
Full textSAIDI, GIRARDEAU FRANCOISE. "Le collapsus des espaces intertrabeculaires dans le glaucome : de nouveaux arguments et une hypothese concernant le glaucome mixte." Angers, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988ANGE1040.
Full textLevin, Natalie. "Variations morphologiques du disque optique dans le glaucome primitif à angle ouvert." Bordeaux 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR23073.
Full textMOSTRAS, PHILIPPE. "La trabeculectomie chez l'adulte : etude retrospective a long terme ; a propos de 272 cas." Saint-Etienne, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993STET6412.
Full textPAUL, BUCLON CATHERINE. "Systeme expert et traitement medical du glaucome chronique." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989CLF13804.
Full textSentenac-Mourou, Hélène. "Contribution au diagnostic précoce des hypertonies oculaires primitives par l'exploration de la fonction colorée." Bordeaux 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR2M155.
Full textRosette-Narece, Miguelle. "Diabète et glaucome : Etude préliminaire de la prévalence du glaucome à angle ouvert dans une population de diabétiques hospitalisés au CHU de Fort dee France." Montpellier 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON11097.
Full textBOVE, GILLES. "Analyse des facteurs d'echec de la trabeculectomie dans le traitement du glaucome chronique a angle ouvert : a propos de 29 interventions." Besançon, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BESA3076.
Full textBour, Thierry. "Repercussion du glaucome primitif a angle ouvert sur la vie des patients et compliance au traitement : etude epidemiologique sur 341 cas dans la marne." Reims, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991REIMM080.
Full textBernier, Sophie. "Épidémiologie génétique du glaucome primaire à angle ouvert : étude de deux mutations du gène TIGR obsrvées chez deux familles de l'est du Québec /." Thèse, Ste-Foy : Chicoutimi : Université Laval ;. Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 1999. http://theses.uqac.ca.
Full textLebel, Karine. "Génétique moléculaire du glaucome : WDR36, un gène modificateur potentiel pour la sévérité du glaucome." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25775/25775.pdf.
Full textFaucher, Mathieu. "Génétique moléculaire du glaucome primaire à angle ouvert au sein de la population québécoise." Thesis, Université Laval, 2003. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2003/20880/20880.pdf.
Full textThe Québec population (~7 million residents) is constituted of approximately six million individuals that descended from an estimated genetic pool of 8500 founders. Utilizing the unique features of this population, this thesis is about the molecular genetics glaucoma, an insidious ocular disease that is a worldwide leading cause of blindness. To study the genetic factors involved in this disorder, we recruited families segregating primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), and unrelated individuals also affected by glaucoma or ocular hypertension (OHT). Mutations of the TIGR/myocilin (MYOC) gene, until recently the only known genetic cause for juvenile and adult-onset POAG, have been screened in 18 families, representing 180 affected individuals, and 422 sporadic cases. Mutational analysis of this gene showed mutation prevalences of 22,2 and 3,8%, respectively, in families and unrelated patients. Genotype/phenotype correlations of some of the mutations found were established, revealing that the Gly367Arg and Lys423Glu mutations were the most severe. Characterization of allelic signatures surrounding the TIGR/MYOC gene allowed an estimation of the number of founders that may have disseminated the mutations found in the Québec population sample and an evaluation of the possible application of this technique to similar disorders. Eight families with enough individuals to undertake a preliminary linkage study were genotyped on six known glaucoma susceptibility regions. The genotyping of these families aimed the reduction of the genetic intervals of one or more of these known regions to eventually find a new glaucoma-causing gene. One family, representing a strong linkage potential to the GLC1B locus, was extended to have a higher number of affected individuals harboring the candidate disease haplotype linked to this region positioned at chromosome 2cen-q13. Although some interesting candidate genes were identified in this locus, the saturation of the chromosomal region with polymorphic markers revealed the absence of a common haplotype between all the affected individuals of this family. Additional recruiting of large families segregating POAG and the extension of some pedigrees already investigated will be necessary to the identification of new genetic factors closely involved in this common ocular pathology.
ROULEAU, JACQUES. "Systeme expert applique au diagnostic et au traitement du glaucome primitif a angle ouvert." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989CLF13803.
Full textHamard, Pascale. "Glaucome primitif à angle ouvert : études physiopathologiques et toxicologiques du segment antérieur de l'oeil." Paris 5, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA05P644.
Full textOur confocal microscopy study demonstrated that the external part of the trabecular meshwork (ETM) selectively removed during non penetrating filtering surgery in order to increase aqueous outflow, involved not only the inner wall of Schlemm's canal and the juxtacanalicular meshwork, but also a part of the corneoscleral layers. The glaucoma ETM was characterized by a loss of trabecular cells and by an inflammatory infiltrate. The proinflammatory effect of antiglaucoma medications reported from the analysis of conjunctival cells of glaucoma treated patients, and their proapoptotic effects demonstrated on cultured human conjunctival and trabecular cells, were related to the associated preservative, the benzalkonium chloride (BAC). The toxicity of BAC however was largely hindered by active compounds in preserved eyedrops. Reasons for inflammatory reaction at the level of glaucoma trabecular meshwork and its potential responsability in glaucoma trabecular modifications remain to be defined
LEJEUNE, SELLEM SOPHIE. "Contribution a la reconnaissance des excavations physiologiques de la papille." Lyon 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LYO1M108.
Full textJAULERRY, STEPHANE. "Chirurgie des glaucomes chroniques : de la trabeculectomie a la sclerostomie laser." Angers, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ANGE1113.
Full textLamirel, Cédric. "Bases neuronales du glaucome : une approche combinant psychophysique, oculomotricité et imagerie fonctionnelle cérébrale." Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066231.
Full textDecreased visual motion sensitivity in early stages of primary open angle glaucoma suggests that this pathology may impair complex visuo-cognitive tasks involving the magnocellular pathway and the dorsal cortical pathway that are specialized in motion analysis. This work is testing this hypothesis. In the first part, we demonstrated that saccades toward a static or a moving target are impaired. Saccade’s latencies are increased in early and moderate stages of glaucoma when the target is static, and even more when the target is moving. Saccade’s accuracy is decreased only in moderate stages of glaucoma when the target is static and in both early and moderate stages when the target is moving. In a second part, we used bistable stimuli to test neural processes of integration and segregation of complex visual motion. Glaucoma patients had fewer transitions between the 2 possible percepts for stimuli using contrast variations to induce bistability, although they did experience bistable motion with different stimuli. The quality of pursuit and fixation were decreased in glaucoma patients. Altogether these results show that glaucoma alters complex visuo-cognitive tasks before the detection of a scotoma by standard automated perimetry. The results suggest a diffuse impairment of the cortical and sub-cortical networks involved in eye movement, particularly in saccades. These anomalies could be the functional correlates of structural transsynaptic changes found in the superior colliculus, in the lateral geniculate nucleus and in the visual cortex. Our work indicates that evaluation of eye movements might be a useful marker of early damages of the anterior visual pathway in glaucoma
Gambetta, Fabienne. "Le chlorhydrate de dorzolamide : étude de la molécule utilisée dans le traitement du glaucome." Bordeaux 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR2P038.
Full textDEJEAN, ZOHBI CHRISTINE. "Interets de l'ultrasonographie doppler des arteres ophtalmiques et carotidiennes dans le glaucome chronique a angle ouvert et ses diverses formes cliniques." Toulouse 3, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990TOU31006.
Full textBOUSSION, BERTRAND. "Le flicker test : une nouvelle methode de diagnostic precoce dans le glaucome primitif a angle ouvert." Angers, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991ANGE1086.
Full textDumont, Hélène. "Chutes tensionnelles dans certaines formes vasculaires de glaucomes chroniques." Angers, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ANGE1075.
Full textDenoyer, Alexandre. "Rôle des chimiokines CXCL12 et CX3CL1 dans la physiopathologie du trabéculum et de la surface oculaire au cours du glaucome." Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066079.
Full textGlaucoma is the first cause of irreversible blindness in the world. Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) mostly combines retinal neuropathy with abnormal elevation of the intraocualar pressure, which is the first risk factor for the disease. Ocular hypertension is caused by a trabecular meshwork degeneration whose primary mecanisms are still unknown. Indeed, the current antiglaucoma treatment does not target the intial trabecular pathology so it is not currative. Moreover, antiglaucoma eye drops often contain a preservative, such as benzalkonium chloride (BAC), which has been demonstrated to cause ocular surface inflammation in glaucomatous patients treated over a long term period. Chemokines, small proteins from the cytokine family, have been first described for their chemotactic properties for leukocytes through their interaction with G protein coupled receptors. Aside from its immune properties, the chemokine CXCL12 is involved in the regulation of cell viability and extracellulare matrix remodelling through its receptor CXCR4. Recently, it has been reported that proteolytic cleavage of CXCL12 yields a proapoptotic form, SDF-1(5-67), acting via another chemokine receptor :CXCR3. In this thesis, CXCL12, CXCR3 and CXCR4 have been detected in trabecular cells in human glaucomatous trabecular tissue and immortalized cell line. We originally describe a balance between the protective system CXCL12/CXCR4 and SDF-1(5-67)/CXCR3 which induces trabecular apoptosis under the control of cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases known to be involved in POAG. We report the sucessful use in vivo of a non-peptide specific antagonist of CXCR3 in reducing ocular hypertension and restoring trabecular function in an animal model of glaucoma, opening up new therapeutic avenues in glaucoma. We also studied the role of another chamokine, CX3CL1, in the ocular surface inflammation induced by BAC. CX3CL1 is charaterized by powerful chemoattract properties on CX3CR1-bearing leukocytes. In this study, we report an overexpression of CX3CL1 in conjunctival epithelial cells in glaucomatous patients treated with a BAC-containing medication. In vitro, we demonstrate that BAC-stimulated conjunctival epithelial cells attract lymphocytic and monocytic subpopulations by producing CX3CL1. In an animal model of BAC-induced ocular toxicity, we report a decrease in macrophage infiltration to the conjunctiva in CX3CR1-deficient mice compared to wild-type animals, further confirming that CX3CL1/CX3CR1 is involved in immune cell trafincking in the ocular surface. Our results originally show that chemokines are involved in the pathophysiology of the anterior segment in glaucoma. Chemokines appear as a new regulating system for the pathogenesis of trabecular degeneration in glaucoma as well as for ocular surface inflammation, and could constitute new specific therapeutic targets in such deleterious diseases
Belleau, Pascal. "Identification des gènes modifiant l'âge d'apparition du glaucome primaire à angle-ouvert dans une famille canadienne-française fondatrice." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27067.
Full textGlaucoma, which is a group of ocular disorders, is characterized by optic nerve atrophy following progressive loss of retinal ganglion cells. It is the leading cause of blindness worldwide which is affecting an estimated 60 million people worldwide. Open angle glaucoma (OAG), the common form of glaucoma, is a polygenic disorder caused mainly by genetic predisposition, in interaction with other risk factors such as age and elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). OAG is a complex genetic disease, although some severe forms are simply autosomal dominant. Seventeen loci were shown to be associated with the disease and are reported by the «Human Genome Organisation» HUGO and five genes have been identified in those loci (MYOC, OPTN, WDR36, NTF4, ASB10). Recently, genome-wide association studies have found more than 20 frequent risk factors with relatively small effects. For more than 50 years, our team have been studying the CA family, a large French-Canadian pedigree (749 people), in which autosomal OAG is caused by the MYOCK423E mutation which is characterised by variable age at onset. It has been demonstrated that the variability of the age at beginning of ocular hypertension has an important genetic component caused by at least one modifier gene. A potential modifier gene, WDR36, has been genotyped in families CA and BV. In the CA family, carriers of non-synonymous WDR36 variations which are also carriers of MYOCK423E, have shown a tendency to develop the disease younger. This modifier interacts with the primary mutation and alters the severity of glaucoma for MYOCK423E mutation carriers. A data-mining tool has been developed to generate graphical diagram of a disease causal model and facilitate the prioritization of the candidate genes. It has been successfully used for bipolar disorder and glaucoma. The next step for this project is to finalize a genome scan of the CA family and to sequence loci with the goal of identifying glaucoma modifier variations. Those variations could potentially allow identification of the individuals for whom glaucoma could be far more aggressive.
Dossa, Catherine. "Les explorations électrophysiologiques visuelles dans le glaucome chronique et l'hypertonie oculaire." Montpellier 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MON11255.
Full textBrindeau, Christophe. "Complications et échecs de la sclérectomie profonde non perforante." Bordeaux 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR23091.
Full textCREPIN, XAVIER Raspiller Antoine. "LA TRABECULECTOMIE EXTERNE OU CHIRURGIE NON PERFORANTE DU GLAUCOME A ANGLE OUVERT RESULTATS A MOYEN TERME DE 28 INTERVENTIONS /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2000. http://www.scd.uhp-nancy.fr/docnum/SCDMED_T_2000_CREPIN_XAVIER.pdf.
Full textLambrou, Georges N. "Representation et evaluation du champ visuel par traitement informatique des releves perimetriques : application au glaucome primitif a angle ouvert." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986STR1M199.
Full textHuber, Didier. "Dérivés d'imidazoline contenant une chaine oxypropanolamine : synthèses, propriétés pharmacologiques et utilisation dans le traitement du glaucome à angle ouvert." Strasbourg 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988STR13053.
Full textNiederlender, Pascal. "Sensibilite spatiale au contraste et sens chromatique : etude comparative chez des patients presentant une hypertonie oculaire isolee ou un glaucome primaire a angle ouvert." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991STR1M053.
Full textBernier, Sophie. "Épidémiologie génétique de glaucome primaire à angle ouvert, étude de deux mutations du gène TIGR observées chez deux familles de l'est du Québec." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0026/MQ49077.pdf.
Full textLetartre, Laurence. "Analyse structurale de la protéine TIGR/MYOC associée au glaucome /." 2004. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=766855701&sid=52&Fmt=2&clientId=9268&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Full textBernier, Sophie. "Épidémiologie génétique du glaucome primaire à angle ouvert : étude de deux mutations du gène TIGR obsrvées chez deux familles de l'est du Québec." Thèse, 1999. http://constellation.uqac.ca/647/1/18322545.pdf.
Full textManuguerra-Gagné, Renaud. "Thérapie cellulaire pour le glaucome : régénération tissulaire grâce aux cellules souches mésenchymateuses." Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/19252.
Full textStem cells have been presented as the key to regenerative medicine, where organ repair, cures for degenerative diseases and even the creation of new tissue could be achieved. Adult stem cells already possess a certain level of differentiation, which limits their potential effect to the organ where they were isolated. But one subtype, mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), possess a versatility which makes them ideal candidates for many treatments. It is commonly accepted that MSCs exert their effect through paracrine factors, but their precise mechanism of action remains uncertain. As such factors could have a positive effect in many degenerative diseases, we wanted to study their regenerative potential in one of the most widespread ocular disease, open angle glaucoma. This disease is characterised by the destruction of retinal ganglion cells following a rise in intraocular pressure. This pressure rise is mostly caused by a dysfunction of the trabecular meshwork, the tissue regulating the outflow of aqueous humor from the eye. Glaucoma progression can currently be controlled, but the disease cannot be cured. Meanwhile, trabecular regeneration could halt and even reverse disease progression. Thus, the objective of this thesis is to evaluate MSC potential in the regeneration of the trabecular meshwork and to understand any underlying mechanisms. To this end, we injected MSC or their secreted factors in a model of trabeculoplasty induced glaucoma. We demonstrated that MSC can regenerate the damaged trabeculum and lower ocular pressure by reactivating progenitor cells located in the ciliary body. These cells proliferate and restore the trabeculum within one week after the initial treatment. We also demonstrated that MSC factors produced under hypoxic conditions induce progenitor cell activation. Such activation does not occur with MSC factors produced under normoxic conditions. We have also observed that factors produced under hypoxic conditions are incapable of reactivating progenitor cells in an ex vivo setting. Thus, we wanted to verify if any other regenerative factors are produced in vivo after MSC injection. We have discovered that macrophages produce one such factor after their migration in the area of damage. Production of the macrophage factor requires contact with MSC paracrine factors. We have also observed that MSC regeneration was completely blocked following macrophage elimination from the organism. This positions macrophages as an essential intermediate in MSC-mediated tissue regeneration. The results presented in this thesis represent an important step forward for the use of MSC in regenerative medicine. They have established a basis for an open angle glaucoma treatment and added an important element for the comprehension of MSC regenerative mechanisms. This knowledge should have a significant impact for the treatment of ocular diseases and other illnesses in many different organs.
Kamdeu, Fansi Alvine A. "Une nouvelle méthode de détection du glaucome par la mesure de l'asymétrie interoculaire : l’asymétrie du rapport de la surface neurorétinienne sur la surface du disque optique ou rim area to disc area asymmetry ratio (RADAAR)." Thèse, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/3657.
Full textThis thesis describes a new clinical and technological approach to the diagnosis of glaucoma. Specifically, we intend to study a new way to detect glaucoma by measuring rim area to disc area asymmetry ratio (RADAAR). For this purpose, we use a database consisting of a population divided into 4 different diagnostic groups (normal, possible glaucoma, probable glaucoma and definitive glaucoma). The RADAAR measurements are calculated in different ways based on the stereometric parameters of the optic nerve head of subjects, produced by confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (Heidelberg Retina Tomograph (HRT) (Heidelberg Engineering, Germany)). We conduct an analysis of data with SPSS or we put forward the RADAAR distribution in different populations, its validity in detecting open angle glaucoma and its usefulness in screening for glaucoma. We therefore enroll 523 subjects in this study with about 82 subjects with definitive glaucoma. The average age is 62 years. There are more females than males and more Caucasians than Africans Caraibeans. We find that the distribution of RADAAR measures is different in each diagnosis group. In terms of performance, the sensitivity of the RADAAR measurement is very low. So, its ability to detect the disease is low. However the RADAAR measure is much more specific so, its ability to identify subjects free of the disease is high. RADAAR measure would also be much more effective in African Caribbean’s than in Caucasians. Similarly, it would be much more sensitive in males than in females. The RADAAR measurement is useful if it is combined with another method of diagnosis like the Moorfields regression analysis (MRA) included in the HRT3 software especially in case of the detection of glaucoma in populations at high risk. Ultimately, we determine that the RADAAR is an interesting tool for the diagnosis of glaucoma particularly in the context of screening for glaucoma.
Tran, Van Loc. "Oxygénation des lits capillaires à la papille optique des patients sains et glaucomateux." Thèse, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/9177.
Full textGlaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Traditionally, open-angle glaucoma was defined as a neurodegenerative disease characterized by high intraocular pressure (IOP), progressive retinal cell death with subsequent visual field loss. Elevated IOP has been identified as one of the major risk factors for glaucomatous optic nerve damage. However, adequate IOP control cannot prevent progression of the disease in all patients suggesting that there are other factors involved in the pathogenesis of glaucoma. Recent studies suggest that hypoxia may contribute to the development of glaucoma. Using a new multi-spectral detection system of oxygen saturation (O2Sa), this study determined whether an abnormal state of oxygenation at the optic disc could be found in glaucoma patients. Knowledge about the influence of the oxygen in glaucoma may help to improve the pronostic of the disease. The results of the study indicate that the position factor (superior, temporal and inferior of the optic nerve head) has no effect on the measurement of O2Sa and its variability in normal patients. Comparing the O2Sa between normal subjects and glaucoma subjects shows no statistically significant difference. In conclusion, the «normal» O2Sa measured in glaucomatous eyes does not necessarily exclude that hypoxia is not involved in the pathogenesis of glaucoma because glaucoma patients were under treatment with topical drops that lowered IOP. These medicines could affect the oxygenation of the optic disc.