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Journal articles on the topic 'Glial index'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 28 May 2022

Last updated: 30 July 2025

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1

Makarenko, O. M. "THE SUBSTANTIATION OF THE CONCEPT OF GLIOARCHITECTONICS FOR NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROCYTOPATOLOGY." Актуальні проблеми сучасної медицини: Вісник Української медичної стоматологічної академії 22, no. 2 (2022): 112–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.31718/2077-1096.22.2.112.

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The analysis of the structure and functional state of gliocytes enables to characterize the cytological parameters of various brain cell formations, normally, to objectively assess not only the impact on the formation of pathological factors (including their glial cell homeostasis), but also to assess the therapeutic effectiveness of different drugs in managing different CNS pathologies. The aim of this study is to promote the concept of glioarchitectonics for an in-depth and detailed study of the cerebral cortex (neocortex) in normal, experimental and clinical pathology of the central nervous

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Sitnikova, Evgenia, Sofia Kulikova, Lidia Birioukova, and Vladimir Raevsky. "Cellular neuropathology of absence epilepsy in the neocortex: a population of glial cells rather than neurons is impaired in genetic rat model." Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis 71, no. 2 (2011): 263–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.55782/ane-2011-1846.

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It is well accepted that absence epilepsy is not accompanied by structural brain abnormalities. In the present report, we challenged this view based on microscopic analysis of neocortex in a genetic model of absence epilepsy, WAG/Rij rats. Density of neurons and glial cells was measured in the motor, somatosensory and cingular cortical areas in epileptic WAG/Rij rats and in non-epileptic control ACI rats. More extensive and significant differences between two strains were found in a population of glial cells and less significant - in neurons. In contract to ACI rats, WAG/Rij rats showed (1) a

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Kimura, Teruo, Masaki Ohkubo, Hironaka Igarashi, Ingrid L. Kwee, and Tsutomu Nakada. "Increase in glutamate as a sensitive indicator of extracellular matrix integrity in peritumoral edema: a 3.0-tesla proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study." Journal of Neurosurgery 106, no. 4 (2007): 609–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.2007.106.4.609.

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Object The authors of previous studies based on diffusion tensor imaging have indicated that there are two types of peritumoral edema—namely, edema with preserved structural integrity of the glial matrix and edema with compromised glial matrix. The authors of this study hypothesized that functionality of the glutamate (Glu)–glutamine shuttle, a vital neuron–glia interaction, may be differentially affected by peritumoral edema. They tested this hypothesis using proton magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy on a 3.0-tesla system that is capable of quantifying Glu without need of editing. Methods T

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Parlak, Ayşe Eda, and Burak Yangoz. "The Significance of Relative Cerebral Blood Volume Index in Discriminating Glial Tumors from Brain Metastasis Using Perfusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging." Diagnostics 15, no. 11 (2025): 1324. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15111324.

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Background/Objectives: The accurate diagnosis and classification of brain tumors are critical for appropriate treatment planning and patient management. We evaluated the effectiveness of perfusion in differentiating glial tumors from metastases using dynamic susceptibility-weighted contrast enhanced perfusion MRI (DSC-MRI) Methods: A total of 95 consecutive patients with pathological diagnoses of brain tumors who underwent perfusion MRI between July 2021 and March 2023 were retrospectively recruited. Conventional and perfusion MRI were evaluated, and tumoral and peritumoral relative cerebral b

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Timofeeva, Sofia V., Oleg I. Kit, Anastasia O. Sitkovskaya, et al. "In Vivo-like model of glial tumors: Creation of primary cell lines." Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, no. 15_suppl (2020): e14515-e14515. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.e14515.

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e14515 Background: The choice of cell source for 3D bioprinting of in vivo-like models of glial tumors is crucial and must take into account the ability to proliferation and stable metabolism. Oral administration of 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) in patients prior to surgery increases the fluorescent contrast between tumor and surrounding tissue, but the effect of contrast agents on cells in vitro is unknown. The aim of the study was obtaining viable glial tumor tissues using 5-ALA, as well as the development of a stable primary cell culture for 3D bioprinting. Methods: Tumor tissue was obtaine

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Dewan, Aditi, Ravindra Kumar Saran, Smriti Nagpal Gupta, Deepanjali Arya, and Ruchi Goel. "Intraocular Ependymoma With Blood-Filled Spaces: Neoplasm or a Reactive Process With Ependymal Differentiation—A Dilemma." International Journal of Surgical Pathology 25, no. 4 (2017): 368–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1066896917692098.

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Intraocular glial lesions are rare and include retinal gliosis, hamartomas, and astrocytomas and rarely ependymomas. Ependymomas are slow-growing glial tumors preferentially arising in the central nervous system (CNS), occasionally presenting at sites outside the CNS, with only 2 cases of primary retinal ependymoma reported till date. We report herein the third such case of a 20-year-old male who presented with a painful blind eye. The enucleated specimen showed presence of a glial tumor with cells arranged in sheets as well as few true rosettes and pseudo-rosettes and an immunohistochemical p

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Prykhodko, S. O., and V. S. Shkolnikov. "Neuron-glial relations of the posterior horns of the spinal cord of human fetuses." Reports of Morphology 28, no. 4 (2022): 18–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.31393/morphology-journal-2022-28(4)-03.

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Despite the relatively sufficient study of the structure and functioning of the nervous system, interest in the problem of neuron-glial relationships continues to grow steadily, as this parameter reflects the dynamics of the development of nervous tissue and can be used to assess the quality level of morphological changes. The purpose of the study: to establish the morphogenesis and neuron-glial relationships of the posterior horns of the human spinal cord in the fetal period of ontogenesis. This study was performed on the preparations of 104 human fetuses from 8-9 weeks to 39-40 weeks using a

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Puiu, Ileana, Carmen Valeria Albu, Elena Anca Tartea, et al. "Relationships Between Glial Enteric Cells, Beta-cell Signaling and Tumor Proliferative Activity in Patients with Colorectal Neoplasia." Revista de Chimie 69, no. 10 (2018): 2744–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.18.10.6617.

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The aim of our study was to evaluate the expression of glial enteric cells at different stages of differentiation of colorectal neoplasms and to correlate these changes with the tumor proliferation index and with the sympathetic influences evaluated by the expression of beta-2 adrenoreceptors. Given that nowadays colorectal neoplasm is a major public health problem and that the molecular mechanisms responsible for malignant transformation are not fully yet elucidated, more studies are needed in order to establish other intracellular signaling pathways in such a neoplasm. By this study we concl

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Saeedi, Negin, Soomaayeh Heysieattalab, Mahyar Janahmadi, and Narges Hosseinmardi. "The role of glial glutamate transporter in the baseline synaptic response and short-term synaptic plasticity of CA1 area of the hippocampus in male Wistar rat." Medical Journal of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences 44, no. 5 (2022): 380–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/mj.2022.044.

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Background. Glial cells release different gliotransmitters and response to neurotransmitters released from neurons. These cells especially astrocytes, having different transporters, play an important role in synaptic space homeostasis and synaptic plasticity. In this study, the role of hippocampal glial glutamate transporter (EAAT2) in baseline synaptic response and short term synaptic plasticity were investigated. Methods. In this experimental study, ceftriaxone, EAAT2 activator (0.5mmol/0.5μl), was microinjected intrahippcampally for activation of hippocampal glial glutamate transporter in m

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Liang, Ze-Yu, Jing Li, Wen-Chao Yang, Yong-Fang Tu, Yue Zhang, and Song Chen. "Effect of intravitreal ranibizumab on fibrovascular membranes in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy." International Journal of Ophthalmology 15, no. 10 (2022): 1577–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.18240/ijo.2022.10.03.

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AIM: To assess the effects of intravitreal ranibizumab (IVR) on angiogenesis and glial activity of the fibrovascular membrane (FVM) in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). METHODS: Forty-two eyes from 42 patients with PDR requiring vitrectomy were included and divided into two groups: control group (n=16) did not receive IVR, while IVR group (n=26) underwent IVR 5d before vitrectomy. FVM specimens were collected by the same surgeon during the interventions. Histopathological morphology was examined by hematoxylin-eosin (H-E) staining and cell densities in the FVM was assesse

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Comunoglu, Nil, Ozgur Kilickesmez, and Buge Oz. "Spinal Cord Glioneuronal Tumor with Rosetted Neuropil-Like Islands in Pediatric Age Group." Case Reports in Pathology 2014 (2014): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/471645.

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Glioneuronal neoplasms are rare tumors. Recently, an unusual glioneuronal tumor histologically showing neuropil-like islands has been described. Here, we present such a tumor originating from spinal cord of a 14-year-old girl, who has scoliosis and urinary incontinence. Microscopically, the glial component was chiefly fibrillary astrocytic, punctuated by neuropil-like islands. Immunohistochemically, glial tissue was GFAP positive, and neuropil-like areas and big neurons were synaptophysin reactive. For astrocytic component Ki-67 proliferation index was 1% and p53 was immunonegative. This case

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Buccoliero, Anna Maria, Adele Caldarella, Pasquale Gallina, Nicola Di Lorenzo, Antonio Taddei, and Gian Luigi Taddei. "Chordoid Glioma: Clinicopathologic Profile and Differential Diagnosis of an Uncommon Tumor." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 128, no. 11 (2004): e141-e145. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/2004-128-e141-cgcpad.

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Abstract Chordoid glioma is an uncommon low-grade brain neoplasm arising in the third ventricular region, predominantly in middle-aged women. It characteristically shows chordoma-like histologic features and glial fibrillary acidic protein immunoreactivity. We present a case of chordoid glioma in a previously healthy 56-year-old woman admitted to our hospital because of a cranial trauma subsequent to an incidental fall. Radiologic examinations revealed a well-demarcated, partially cystic, enhancing mass at the level of the lamina terminalis. The lesion was surgically removed. The patient remai

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Starinets, Anna, Anna Tyrtyshnaia, and Igor Manzhulo. "Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Synaptamide in the Peripheral Nervous System in a Model of Sciatic Nerve Injury." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 7 (2023): 6273. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24076273.

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N-docosahexaenoylethanolamine (DHEA), or synaptamide, is an endogenous metabolite of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) that exhibits synaptogenic and neurogenic effects. In our previous studies, synaptamide administration inhibited the neuropathic pain-like behavior and reduced inflammation in the central nervous system following sciatic nerve injury. In the present study, we examine the effect of synaptamide on the peripheral nervous system in a neuropathic pain condition. The dynamics of ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (iba-1), CD68, CD163, myelin basic protein, and the production of int

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Krishnan, Shyam Sundar, Shanmugam Muthiah, Shilpa Rao, Suganthi Srinivasan Salem, Vasudevan Chakravarthy Madabhushi, and Anita Mahadevan. "Mindbomb Homolog-1 Index in the Prognosis of High-Grade Glioma and Its Clinicopathological Correlation." Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice 10, no. 02 (2019): 185–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jnrp.jnrp_374_18.

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ABSTRACT Introduction: Gliomas are the most common brain tumors in adults originating from the glial cells. Glioblastoma multiforme is the most malignant and frequent among all gliomas. In recent years, the antibody Mindbomb Homolog-1 (MIB-1) has evolved as a measure of the proliferative nature of the glial tumors. This study aims to investigate the MIB-1 index value as an independent prognostic factor in high-grade gliomas and its correlation with outcome and survival. Materials and Methods: Mean MIB-1 index was determined in 51 high-grade glioma tissue samples in formalin. Its correlation wi

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Ud Din, Nasir, Aisha Memon, Kanwal Aftab, Zubair Ahmad, Rashida Ahmed, and Sheema Hassan. "Oligodendroglioma arising in the glial component of ovarian teratomas: a series of six cases and review of literature." Journal of Clinical Pathology 65, no. 7 (2012): 631–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jclinpath-2012-200714.

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AimsTo report the exceedingly rare occurrence of oligodendroglioma in the glial component of ovarian teratomas.MethodsSix cases of oligodendrogliomas arising in the glial component of ovarian teratomas were studied and the literature was reviewed. Immunohistochemistry was performed by the Flex technique.ResultsThe ages of the patients ranged from 12 to 28 years (mean 21 years). Four tumours were located in the right and one in the left ovary. The size of the ovarian cysts ranged from 7 cm to 29 cm (mean 19.6 cm). Four cases arose in immature and two cases in mature teratomas. In all cases, oli

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Prayson, Richard A. "Papillary Glioneuronal Tumor." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 124, no. 12 (2000): 1820–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/2000-124-1820-pgt.

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Abstract Tumors of mixed glioneuronal type are well recognized in the central nervous system. The most common examples of these lesions include gangliogliomas and dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumors. Recently, unusual examples of these lesions have been described, including the papillary glioneuronal tumor. This report describes a histologically similar–appearing lesion arising in the left parieto-occipital lobe of an 18-year-old man who presented with headaches and difficulties with vision. Imaging studies noted a large cystic neoplasm marked by a peripheral rim of enhancement. The patien

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Ishunina, Т. А. "Neurons and Glial Cells of the Lateral Tuberal Hypothalamic Nucleus in Vascular Dementia." Journal of Anatomy and Histopathology 13, no. 1 (2024): 36–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.18499/2225-7357-2024-13-1-36-41.

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The aim was to study the size and density of neurons and glial cells of the hypothalamic lateral tuberal nucleus (LTN) in vascular dementia (VD), which is the second most common dementia. Material and methods. The density of neurons and glial cells, the cross-sectional area of nuclei, nucleoli and perikarya of LTN neurons were determined in patients with VD (n=10) and in the control group of individuals (n=10) who did not have any neurological or cognitive dysfunction. Comparison of indicators between groups was carried out using ANOVA and Student's t-test. Results. In VD cases all of the stud

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Meltzer, Hal, James D. Hatton, and Hoi Sang U. "Cell type—specific development of rodent central nervous system progenitor cells in culture." Journal of Neurosurgery 88, no. 1 (1998): 93–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.1998.88.1.0093.

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Object. The aim of the study was to assess the pluripotential central nervous system (CNS) progenitor cells that give rise to the many differentiated neuronal and glial cell types of the adult mammalian brain and the role of peptide growth factors such as the epidermal growth factor (EGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). The action of these factors is crucial to the survival and ultimate differentiation of these CNS progenitor cells. However, the precise role of EGF and bFGF in the time course of cellular development, the acquisition of cell type specificity, and possible differentia

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Verma, Kavita, Satya Raj Negi, and Sanjay Garhwal. "To study histopathological features, GFAP staining and Ki 67/ MIB-1 labelling index in diagnoses and histological grading of gliomas." Indian Journal of Forensic and Community Medicine 8, no. 2 (2021): 115–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijfcm.2021.023.

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: A group of tumors that develops in the brain and spinal cord is called glioma. Histologically gliomas are classified into astrocytoma, ependymoma, oligodendroglioma, brain stem glioma and oligoastrocytoma. The present study was conducted to study histological grading of gliomas and correlate it with patient’s age, sex, GFAP staining, role of the Ki-67/MIB-1 labelling indices (PIs). The present retrospective study was conducted on 50 biopsies received. All specimens were subjected to immunohistochemistory for GFAP and MIB-1 and correlated with WHO grading for glioma.: High incidence of glial

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Mathew, Prasad, Thomas Look, Xiaolong Luo, et al. "DNA index of glial tumors in children: Correlation with tumor grade and prognosis." Cancer 78, no. 4 (1996): 881–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0142(19960815)78:4<881::aid-cncr27>3.0.co;2-q.

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Kanyilmaz, G., H. Onder, M. Aktan, et al. "Prognostic Importance of Ki-67 Labeling Index in WHO Grade II Glial Tumors." International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics 99, no. 2 (2017): E116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2017.06.873.

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Easley, Ronald B., Bradley S. Marino, Jacky Jennings, et al. "Impaired cerebral autoregulation and elevation in plasma glial fibrillary acidic protein level during cardiopulmonary bypass surgery for CHD." Cardiology in the Young 28, no. 1 (2017): 55–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1047951117001573.

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AbstractBackgroundCerebrovascular reactivity monitoring has been used to identify the lower limit of pressure autoregulation in adult patients with brain injury. We hypothesise that impaired cerebrovascular reactivity and time spent below the lower limit of autoregulation during cardiopulmonary bypass will result in hypoperfusion injuries to the brain detectable by elevation in serum glial fibrillary acidic protein level.MethodsWe designed a multicentre observational pilot study combining concurrent cerebrovascular reactivity and biomarker monitoring during cardiopulmonary bypass. All children

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Pang, Qi Qi, Sanghyun Lee, Eun Ju Cho, and Ji-Hyun Kim. "Protective Effects of Cirsium japonicum var. maackii Flower on Amyloid Beta25–35-Treated C6 Glial Cells." Life 13, no. 7 (2023): 1453. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life13071453.

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Amyloid beta (Aβ) is a neurotoxic peptide and a key factor causing Alzheimer’s disease. Cirsium japonicum var. maackii (CJM) has neuroprotective effects, but the protective effects of the flower from CJM (FCJM) on the neural system remain unclear. This study aimed to identify the fraction of FCJM with the highest neuroprotective potential and investigate its protective mechanisms against Aβ25–35-induced inflammation in C6 glial cells. The cell viability and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured to investigate the positive effect of FCJM on oxidative stress. Treatment with t

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Shpon’ka, I. S., and T. V. Shynkarenko. "Diagnostic value of microvessel structure in brain glial tumors." I.P.Pavlov Russian Medical Biological Herald 25, no. 3 (2017): 350–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.23888/pavlovj20173350-361.

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Diffuse gliomas are the most common primary brain tumors with a disproportionately high mortality rate. Characteristics of microvessels are of high diagnostic and prognostic significance, however, the results of previous studies are controversial. The aim of the work is to evaluate the features of angiogenesis in diffuse gliomas on the basis of determining the qualitative and quantitative microvascular characteristics. Also important is their relationship with the histological type of tumor. Microvascular density (μm-1), total vascular area (%), total lumen area (%) and the mean diameter of mi

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Gorbacheva, L. R., I. A. Pomytkin, A. M. Surin, E. A. Abramov, and Vsevolod G. Pinelis. "ASTROCYTES AND THEIR ROLE IN THE PATHOLOGY OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM." Russian Pediatric Journal 21, no. 1 (2019): 46–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/1560-9561-2018-21-1-46-53.

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Determination of the structural-functional significance of astrocytes in the physiology and pathology of the CNS is an actual problem of modern neuroscience and clinical neurology. Astrocytes are glial cells of the brain, constitute the substance of the brain, support neurons and separate them with their bodies into compartments. They participate in the immune response of the brain, they are able to maintain the chronic inflammation and progressive neurodegeneration due to overexpression of cytokines, growth factors, and chemokines. This review discusses the key features of astrogliosis as com

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Oztep Eskici, Sukran, and Eda Bengi Yilmaz. "Prognostic significance of systemic inflammatory parameters in high-grade glial tumor patients: Two center experience." Medicine 103, no. 16 (2024): e37726. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000037726.

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We aimed to determine the prognostic values of the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, systemic immune-inflammation index, body mass index, and prognostic nutritional index scores in patients with high-grade glioma. This was a retrospective observational case series. Between 2015 and 2020, 79 patients with high-grade gliomas 2 oncology centers were included in our study. All patients (n = 79) had high-grade glial tumors and were treated with RT. Sixty-nine (87.3%) patients died, and the median 2 years overall survival was 12.7 months. Recurrence was observed in 25 (31.6%

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Litofsky, N. Scott, T. Christian H. Mix, Stephen P. Baker, Lawrence D. Recht, and Thomas W. Smith. "Ki-67 (clone MIB-1) proliferation index in recurrent glial neoplasms: no prognostic significance." Surgical Neurology 50, no. 6 (1998): 579–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0090-3019(97)00312-1.

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Santi-Rampazzo, Ana Paula de, João Paulo Ferreira Schoffen, Carla Possani Cirilo, et al. "Aqueous Extract ofAgaricus blazeiMurrill Prevents Age-Related Changes in the Myenteric Plexus of the Jejunum in Rats." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2015 (2015): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/287153.

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This study evaluated the effects of the supplementation with aqueous extract ofAgaricus blazeiMurrill (ABM) on biometric and blood parameters and quantitative morphology of the myenteric plexus and jejunal wall in aging Wistar rats. The animals were euthanized at 7 (C7), 12 (C12 and CA12), and 23 months of age (C23 and CA23). The CA12 and CA23 groups received a daily dose of ABM extract (26 mg/animal) via gavage, beginning at 7 months of age. A reduction in food intake was observed with aging, with increases in the Lee index, retroperitoneal fat, intestinal length, and levels of total choleste

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Abou-Donia, Suliman, Siniscalco, Antonucci, and ElKafrawy. "De novo Blood Biomarkers in Autism: Autoantibodies against Neuronal and Glial Proteins." Behavioral Sciences 9, no. 5 (2019): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bs9050047.

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Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are the most common neurodevelopmental disorders with unidentified etiology. The behavioral manifestations of ASD may be a consequence of genetic and/or environmental pathology in neurodevelopmental processes. In this limited study, we assayed autoantibodies to a panel of vital neuronal and glial proteins in the sera of 40 subjects (10 children with ASD and their mothers along with 10 healthy controls, age-matched children and their mothers). Serum samples were screened using Western Blot analysis to measure immunoglobulin (IgG) reactivity against a panel of 9

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Zhukova, T. V., Yu G. Shanko, A. V. Beletsky, A. A. Shirinsky, and H. V. Oleshkevich. "Analysis of the clinical use of antiviral treatment in patients taking into account the morphological mechanisms of growth of glial tumors contaminated with herpes simplex virus." Russian Neurosurgical Journal named after Professor A. L. Polenov 16, no. 2 (2024): 42–49. https://doi.org/10.56618/2071-2693_2024_16_2_42.

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INTRODUCTION. The general strategy for the growth of neuroepithelial tumors is a cascade of changes in the biological behavior of tumor cells and vascular endothelium that occur during the progression of the tumor process, taking into account transformation.MATERIALS AND METHODS. The study material included current and archival biopsies of 780 highly malignant glial tumors contaminated with herpes simplex virus (HSV).To detect HSV in tumors, an immunohistochemical (IHC) study was performed with antibodies to the HSV antigen. The control groups consisted of tumors that did not express antibodie

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Jagtap, Sunil Vitthalrao, Shubham S. Jagtap, Neha N. Ghadge, Vaibhav V. Chavan, Abhilasha S. Jadhav, and Nishant D. Bandolkar. "Recent updates in supratentorial ependymoma with approach to integrated diagnosis: Review." Indian Journal of Pathology and Oncology 11, no. 4 (2024): 338–43. https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijpo.2024.075.

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Ependymomas are a distinct entity of glial tumor. We describe a patient with a supratentorial ependymoma with extensive calcification. A 28 year old male patient came with complaints of bilateral upper limb and lower limb weakness, head ache, accompanied by vertigo, vomiting, twice focal seizures over the past two to three months. Associated with lethargy and dizziness. Previous history of transient ischemic attack was there for which treatment was received. He had no history of hypertension, diabetes. On physical examination, spasticity present in both lower extremity and left unilateral grad

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Mamay, I. Yu, O. A. Hryhorieva, and V. I. Dariy. "Immunohistochemical Characteristics of Ischemic Process in Hippocampal Formation in Posterity of Female Rats after Labor Induction." Ukraïnsʹkij žurnal medicini, bìologìï ta sportu 6, no. 3 (2021): 114–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.26693/jmbs06.03.114.

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The response to perinatal hypoxia, developing in stimulating generic activity, is the activation of microglia, which induces the development of local inflammation of the brain and leads to the death of neurons. The formation of the hippocampus supports important physiological and behavioral functions, including spatial learning and memory, and is part of the brain, which is especially vulnerable to changes in blood glucose and oxygen. Thus, the study of the features of the development of hippocampal formation in the postnatal period after stimulating generic activity is relevant. The purpose o

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Rus, Horea G., Alexandru Tatomir, Austin Beltrand, et al. "RGC-32 Facilitates Reactive Astrocytosis in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE) by Maintaining a Mature Phenotype." Journal of Immunology 206, no. 1_Supplement (2021): 52.15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.206.supp.52.15.

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Abstract We previously showed that lack of Response Gene to Complement 32 (RGC-32) decreases the severity of clinical scores of mice with EAE and renders spinal cord astrocytes a progenitor phenotype reminiscent of radial glia. In this study, we used RNA-sequencing to investigate whether RGC-32 deferentially regulates biological processes related to astrocyte maturation and activation. We purified neonatal astrocytes from WT and RGC-32 knock-out (KO) mice, stimulated them with TGF-β and then performed RNA-seq (Genewiz, S. Plainfield, NJ). Spinal cords from WT and RGC-32 KO mice with EAE were h

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Ohba, Shigeo, Kazunari Yoshida, Yuichi Hirose, Eiji Ikeda, Yoichi Nakazato, and Takeshi Kawase. "Cerebral tumor with extensive rhabdoid features and a favorable prognosis." Journal of Neurosurgery 111, no. 3 (2009): 492–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2008.11.jns08776.

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This 32-year-old woman, 27 weeks pregnant, harbored a cystic mass with a solid component in the left frontal lobe. Histologically, the lesion was hypercellular and contained a diffuse sheet of eosinophilic cells of various sizes. The cells were almost round and had a few prominent, eccentrically placed, hyperchromatic nuclei of various sizes. Immunohistochemically, the tumor was reactive for vimentin, epithelial membrane antigen, cytokeratin AE1/AE3, smooth muscle actin, and BAF47/INI-1, and negative for glial fibrillary acidic protein, neurofilament protein, S100 protein, CK7, CK20, HMB-45, M

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Byvaltsev, V. A., I. A. Stepanov, and A. I. Kichigin. "The Value of Diffusion-weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Preoperative Evaluation of the Grade of Brain Gliomas." Journal of radiology and nuclear medicine 100, no. 2 (2019): 102–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.20862/0042-4676-2019-100-2-102-110.

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Objective. To compare the values obtained for the measured diffusion coefficient (MDC) of brain gliomas with cell density and Ki-67 proliferative activity index and to study whether diffusion-weighted MRI (DWMRI) can be used in the preoperative evaluation of the grade of glial tumors.Material and methods. Diffusion-weighted images of 39 patients with brain gliomas were studied. MDC, cell density, and Ki-67 proliferative activity index were calculated for each tumor. The correlation between MDC values, cell density, and Ki-67 proliferative activity index was analyzed.Results. Comparison of the

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Polyakova, M., C. Sander, K. Arelin, et al. "First Evidence For Glial Pathology In Late Life Minor Depression: s100b Is Increased In Males With Minor Depression." European Psychiatry 33, S1 (2016): S421. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.1519.

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Minor depression is diagnosed when a patient suffers from two to four depressive symptoms for at least two weeks. Though minor depression is a widespread phenomenon, its pathophysiology has hardly been studied. To get a first insight into the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying this disorder we assessed serum levels of biomarkers for plasticity, glial and neuronal function: brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), S100B and neuron specific enolase (NSE). Twenty-seven subjects with minor depressive episode and 82 healthy subjects over 60 years of age were selected from the database of the

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Joshi, Narendera Prashad, Prakash Kafle, Babita Khanal, Dipak Yadav, Pramod Kumar Chaudhary, and Marvin Dewan. "Impact of Tailored Intensive Rehabilitation on Functional Independence and Quality of Life in Brain Tumor Patients: A Prospective Observational Study." Journal of Nobel Medical College 12, no. 2 (2023): 70–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jonmc.v12i2.61349.

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Background: Brain tumors are a heterogeneous group causing disability. They significantly impact functional independence and quality of life. This study aims to investigate how tailored intensive rehabilitation affects brain tumor patients using the functional independency measure score. Materials and Methods: This is a prospective observational correctional study conducted in the department of Neurophysiotherapy and Neurosurgery at Nobel Medical College Teaching Hospital, Biratnagar over a period of 18 months. A total of 96 brain tumor patients who underwent surgery at a tertiary care c

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Palomino-Antolín, Alejandra, Céline Decouty-Pérez, Víctor Farré-Alins, et al. "Redox Regulation of Microglial Inflammatory Response: Fine Control of NLRP3 Inflammasome through Nrf2 and NOX4." Antioxidants 12, no. 9 (2023): 1729. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox12091729.

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The role of inflammation and immunity in the pathomechanism of neurodegenerative diseases has become increasingly relevant within the past few years. In this context, the NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome plays a crucial role in the activation of inflammatory responses by promoting the maturation and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1β and interleukin-18. We hypothesized that the interplay between nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) may play a critical role in the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and subseq

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Elmaci, Ä°lhan, Meric A. Altinoz, Fatih Han Bolukbasi, Ozlem Yapicier, and Aydin Sav. "Paradoxical results obtained with Ki67-labeling and PHH3-mitosis index in glial tumors: a literature analysis." Clinical Neuropathology 36, no. 11 (2017): 272–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5414/np301028.

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Adamovych, I. M., and V. O. Kostenko. "SYSTEMIC INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE AND DYSREGULATION OF CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM FOLLOWING MILD REPETITIVE TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY IN RATS." Актуальні проблеми сучасної медицини: Вісник Української медичної стоматологічної академії 25, no. 2 (2025): 141–47. https://doi.org/10.31718/2077-1096.25.2.141.

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The aim of this study was to comprehensively assess markers of systemic inflammatory response and carbohydrate metabolism in rats following the modeling of mild repetitive traumatic brain injury (mTBI). The experiments were conducted on 28 male Wistar rats weighing 195–220 g, divided into three groups: Group 1 (control) – intact animals; Group 2 – sham-injured (anesthesia + fixation without trauma, 5 sessions, 48-hour intervals); Group 3 – mTBI modeling (anesthesia, fixation, impact injury, 5 sessions, 48-hour intervals). mTBI was induced by a controlled impact to the skull using a 49.5 g weig

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Mason, P. W., J. W. Bigbee, and G. H. DeVries. "Cerebellar granule cells contain a membrane mitogen for cultured Schwann cells." Journal of Cell Biology 108, no. 2 (1989): 607–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.108.2.607.

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Proliferation of Schwann cells is one of the first events that occurs after contact with a growing axon. To further define the distribution and properties of this axonal mitogen, we have (a) cocultured cerebellar granule cells, which lack glial ensheathment in vivo with Schwann cells; and (b) exposed Schwann cell cultures to isolated granule cell membranes. Schwann cells cocultured with granule cells had a 30-fold increase in the labeling index over Schwann cells cultured alone, suggesting that the mitogen is located on the granule cell surface. Inhibition of granule cell proteoglycan synthesi

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Magliozzi, Roberta, and Anne H. Cross. "Can CSF biomarkers predict future MS disease activity and severity?" Multiple Sclerosis Journal 26, no. 5 (2020): 582–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1352458519871818.

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Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a heterogeneous disease. With several disease modifying treatments of different mechanisms of action in use now and in development, it is important to identify reliable biomarkers to identify those higher risk MS patients in whom stronger but riskier treatments might be used, as well as to identify those for whom safer treatments of lower efficacy would be sufficient. Here we review cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood biomarkers that show promise for differentiating people with MS who are at risk for severe disease and disability from those with more benign disease.

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Moinuddin, FM, Novita Ikbar Khairunnisa, Hirofumi Hirano, et al. "Bilateral lateral ventricular subependymoma with extensive multiplicity presenting with hemorrhage." Neuroradiology Journal 31, no. 1 (2017): 27–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1971400917718843.

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This 48-year-old-man who had undergone right thyroid lobectomy for undifferentiated thyroid carcinoma nine years earlier developed generalized seizures. His cerebrospinal fluid was xanthochromic with elevation of total protein. Computed tomography (CT) showed mixed-density bilateral ventricular masses. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed multiple nodules in both lateral ventricles; they were heterogeneously enhanced by gadolinium. Diffuse hyperintensity in the right medial temporal lobe and bilateral subependymal area was noted on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery images. Susceptibilit

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Hammond, Robert R., Neil Duggal, John M. J. Woulfe, and John P. Girvin. "Malignant transformation of a dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor." Journal of Neurosurgery 92, no. 4 (2000): 722–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.2000.92.4.0722.

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✓ A 29-year-old man presented in 1984 with a recent onset of partial seizures marked by speech arrest. Electroencephalography identified a left frontotemporal dysrhythmia. Computerized tomography (CT) scanning revealed a superficial hypodense nonenhancing lesion in the midleft frontal convexity, with some remodeling of the overlying skull. The patient was transferred to the London Health Sciences Centre for subtotal resection of what was diagnosed as a “fibrillary astrocytoma (microcystic).” He received no chemotherapy or radiation therapy and remained well for 11 years.The patient presented a

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Mondello, Stefania, Andreas Jeromin, Andras Buki, et al. "Glial Neuronal Ratio: A Novel Index for Differentiating Injury Type in Patients with Severe Traumatic Brain Injury." Journal of Neurotrauma 29, no. 6 (2012): 1096–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/neu.2011.2092.

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Bernstein, Jerald J., Anna V. Anagnostopoulos, Emily A. Hattwick, and Edward R. Laws. "Human-specific c-neu proto-oncogene protein overexpression in human malignant astrocytomas before and after xenografting." Journal of Neurosurgery 78, no. 2 (1993): 240–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.1993.78.2.0240.

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✓ Overexpression of human-specific c-neu proto-oncogene transmembrane tyrosine kinase receptor protein (p185) is an index of cell transformation and of poor patient survival in several malignancies. The authors studied this protein in low- and high-grade human malignant astrocytomas before and after xenografting into aspiration pockets in rat cortex. Human-specific p185c-neu-positive cells were found in tumor specimens from all grades of astrocytoma. Significantly fewer p185c-neu-positive cells were observed in the low-grade versus the high-grade astrocytomas examined (p < 0.05). Human spec

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Celikbilek, Asuman, Mehmet Celikbilek, Seda Sabah, et al. "The Serum S100B Level as a Biomarker of Enteroglial Activation in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis." International Journal of Inflammation 2014 (2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/986525.

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Objective. Recent studies have demonstrated that enteric glial cells (EGC) participate in the homeostasis of the gastrointestinal tract. This study investigated whether enteroglial markers, including S100B protein and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), can serve as noninvasive indicators of EGC activation and disease activity in UC patients.Methods. This clinical prospective study included 35 patients with UC and 40 age- and sex-matched controls. The diagnosis of UC was based on standard clinical, radiological, endoscopic, and histological criteria. Clinical disease activity was evaluated

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Marcos, Ricardo, Eduardo Rocha, Rui M. F. Henrique, and Rogério A. F. Monteiro. "A New Approach to an Unbiased Estimate of the Hepatic Stellate Cell Index in the Rat Liver: An Example in Healthy Conditions1." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 51, no. 8 (2003): 1101–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002215540305100814.

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Evaluation of activation and proliferation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) must be grounded on solid quantitative data under normal conditions. The HSC index (HSCI), number of HSCs per 1000 hepatocytes (HEP), is often used in hepatology but has been never determined using stereology. Systematically sampled sections were immunostained against glial fibrillary acidic protein and carcinoembryonic antigen, allowing unequivocal distinction of HSC and mononuclear/binuclear HEP. With the optical disector the HSCI was estimated as 109 (coefficient of error = 0.04). This work provides a sound technica

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Abou-Donia, Mohamed B., Elizabeth S. Lapadula, Maxine H. Krengel, et al. "Using Plasma Autoantibodies of Central Nervous System Proteins to Distinguish Veterans with Gulf War Illness from Healthy and Symptomatic Controls." Brain Sciences 10, no. 9 (2020): 610. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10090610.

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For the past 30 years, there has been a lack of objective tools for diagnosing Gulf War Illness (GWI), which is largely characterized by central nervous system (CNS) symptoms emerging from 1991 Gulf War (GW) veterans. In a recent preliminary study, we reported the presence of autoantibodies against CNS proteins in the blood of veterans with GWI, suggesting a potential objective biomarker for the disorder. Now, we report the results of a larger, confirmatory study of these objective biomarkers in 171 veterans with GWI compared to 60 healthy GW veteran controls and 85 symptomatic civilian contro

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Zhukova, T. V., T. V. Shanko, A. V. Beletsky, N. E. Ivanova, Yu M. Zabrodskaya, and A. A. Shirinsky. "Significance and role of morphological mechanisms of growth of glial tumors in clinical practice." Russian Neurosurgical Journal named after Professor A. L. Polenov 15, no. 2 (2023): 47–54. https://doi.org/10.56618/2071-2693_2023_15_2_47.

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It is known that the clinical course of glial tumors often shows similarities with inflammatory diseases of the brain, which made it possible to distinguish a special inflammatory type of gliomas. Chronic processes associated with the persistence of an infectious etiological factor proceed as a productive inflammation, while the etiological factor itself causes a proliferative cellular response.AIM OF THE STUDY: biopsies of 1424 glial tumors contaminated with hSV (glioblastomas (748), anaplastic astrocytomas (103), astrocytomas (248), oligodendrogliomas (126), anaplastic oligodendrogliomas (25

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