Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Gliome des voies optiques'
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PLET, HALLOT CATHERINE. "Evolution a long terme des gliomes des voies optiques intracraniennes de l'enfant : a propos de 17 observations." Lille 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LIL2M200.
Full textPIGNOL, MICHELE. "Diagnostic et traitement du gliome des voies optiques chez l'enfant : a propos de 19 cas et revue de la litterature." Lyon 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LYO1M324.
Full textRakotonjanahary, Ndrianjaka Josué. "Suivi à long terme des enfants traités pour gliome des voies optiques par chimiothérapie première BB-SFOP : survie à long terme - perte de la vision - outil d'interprétation des données IRMs." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAJ116.
Full textOptic Pathway Gliomas (OPG) are benign tumors that typically develop during early childhood. The management of patients varied throughout the last decades and was characterized by an emphasis on avoiding the use of radiotherapy. The role of chemotherapy in the management of OPG has increased. MRI is one of the fundamental elements of the management of these children. However, the tumor measurements are subject to inter and/or intraobserver variations. In an attempt to better understand the long-term outcomes of children treated with initial chemotherapy, long-term outcomes of OPG treated in France with up-front BB-SFOP chemotherapy were evaluated. A standardized and reproducible imaging classification for MRI that can be used as a reliable monitoring tool for patients with OPG was created and validated. The long-term outcomes of these patients showed a poorer prognosis for overall survival. Some clinical and radiological factors were associated with long-term vision loss. These findings could justify a risk-based approach to this tumor
Garel-Leroy, Catherine. "Matériaux d'enregistrement holographique photopolymérisables : nouvelles voies d'amélioration de la sensibilité." Mulhouse, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MULH0479.
Full textLabetoulle, Marc. "Etude des voies de propagation du virus herpes simplex de type 1 dans le systeme nerveux central et les voies optiques." Paris 6, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA066250.
Full textDelage, Laurent. "Mise en oeuvre et applications d'interféromètres à trois voies utilisant des fibres optiques unimodales en silice." Limoges, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LIMO0004.
Full textHerard, Claude. "Nouvelle méthode de multiplexage à trois voies basée sur la polarisation de la lumière : application aux transmissions par fibre optique." Besançon, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BESA2013.
Full textCraperi, Delphine. "Thérapie génique des gliomes : caractérisation des voies cytotoxiques déclenchées par le système thymidine kinase herpétique/ganciclovir." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998GRE10073.
Full textSoussotte, Catherine. "Aspects IRM des tumeurs des voies optiques de l'enfant dans la neurofibromatose de type 1 (NF 1). (Etude comparative en présence ou en l'absence de NF 1)." Bordeaux 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR23028.
Full textJahier, Erwan. "Voies ouvertes par des cellules en saphir pour des expériences de violation de parité détectée par émission stimulée." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00000883.
Full textsaphir pour une expérience de physique atomique visant à une mesure précise
d'un effet de violation de parité (PV) associé à l'échange du boson Zo
dans l'atome de césium. Une telle mesure permet un test à très basse énergie du
modèle standard électrofaible. Il s'agit d'une expérience pompe-sonde sur le
système 6S1/2-7S1/2-6P3/2, menée en régime impulsionnel, dans une
vapeur dense de césium (2.10^14 atomes/cm3), soumise à un champ
électrique E= (2kV/cm) statique à
l'échelle des impulsions laser.
Dans la configuration étudiée avant cette thèse (champ E appliqué selon
la direction de propagation des faisceaux) les cellules en saphir ont permis de
dépasser plusieurs limites rencontrées auparavant avec les cellules en verre:
(i) totale immunité des fenêtres aux conditions de l'expérience (ii)
destruction thermique des dimères Cs2 en surchauffant la vapeur (iii)
production désormais possible du champ E dans la cellule avec des
électrodes externes, attestant la réduction des courants surfaciques internes.
Il apparaît cependant une émission d'électrons par les fenêtres, induite par
l'impulsion laser d'excitation, et on met en évidence une multiplication des
charges au cours de leur accélération dans le champ électrique. Les
perturbations associées à la charge d'espace et au courant électronique
limitent actuellement la précision des moyennages PV dans cette configuration.
Nous avons ensuite exploré une nouvelle configuration expérimentale, où le
champ électrique est perpendiculaire aux faisceaux. Cela a été réalisable
facilement avec l'utilisation d'électrodes externes, exploitables avec les
cellules en saphir. Les premières études expérimentales ont permis de dégager
les conditions de mesure et de calibration d'orientations atomiques
longitudinale et transverse (en utilisant la précession de Larmor) dans l'état
7S, par polarimétrie pompe-sonde impulsionnelle, en exploitant la détection par
émission stimulée. Nous avons par ailleurs mis en oeuvre une mesure atomique
in situ du champ électrique, utilisable dans les deux configurations
expérimentales. Cette mesure est indispensable pour exploiter les mesures PV en
configuration longitudinale.
Nguyen, Thien Huong. "Amblyopie fonctionnelle après traitement : étude clinique, électrophysiologique et en I.R.M., par imagerie en tenseur de diffusion des voies optiques rétrochiasmatiques et imagerie fonctionnelle de la réponse corticale et de la rivalité binoculaire." Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066449.
Full textGarbay, Guillaume. "Nouvelles voies de synthèse sans métaux d'oligomères et de polymères π-conjugués pour l'électronique organique." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0240/document.
Full textIn this work, synthesis and characterizations of new conjugated polymers are described.These polymers, developed for their integration into devices, have been synthesized via transitionmetalfree polymerizations. Carbazole based polyazomethines have been synthesized via polycondensation reactions between di-substituted carbazoles, bearing amino and formyl functionsin positions 3,6 or 2,7. Optical and electronical properties of such polymers have been studieddepending of the linkage position. A comonomer EDOT has then been integrated into the polymer chain, and impact of such insertion has been studied. Squaric and croconic acid base polymers have also been synthesized. By varying polymerization conditions, optoelectronic properties have been tuned, leading to the formation of polymers exhibiting a white emission. These polymers have then been integrated into OLED, as the active layer. Finally, more original polymers have been synthesized, using more original reactions or monomers such as by forming in situ benzobisthiazole. Other polymers integrating more originals monomers, such a tetrazine or divanillin, have been synthesized. Optoelectronic properties of such materials have been studied for the purpose of their integration into devices
Robert, Matthieu. "Étiopathogénie des nystagmus verticaux du nourrisson." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCB008/document.
Full textStudying infantile nystagmus during infancy is difficult for methodological reasons. Most such studies have been performed in adults and a posteriori. These studies in adults allowed for an improvement in the existing classifications, with now robust knowledge about the two most frequent varieties of infantile nystagmus: infantile nystagmus syndrome and fusion maldevelopment nystagmus syndrome. The characteristics and pathophysiology of nystagmus in infants–notably varieties of nystagmus with a vertical component and transitory nystagmus– need further study. For this reason: 1. We developed new techniques for the recording of eye movements in infants in the setting of a clinic. They include new stimuli, the use of specially-designed infrared photo-oculography eyetrackers and new statistical analysis paradigms. We assessed these techniques in a population of 28 infants with a nystagmus. 2. We systematically studied 32 cases of spasmus nutans, classically considered an idiopathic entity, with comprehensive clinical examination, brain imaging, electrophysiology, nystagmus recording. In 53.1% of cases, it led to the diagnosis of another condition: a neurological disease (34.3%), including cases of chiasmal gliomas (21.9%), or a retinal dysfunction (12.5%). Anterior visual pathway dysfunction is likely involved in the pathophysiology of spasmus nutans. 3. Eight cases of nystagmus having led to a diagnosis of optic pathway glioma (OPG) were also recorded and studied. Age at nystagmus onset was 2.5-10 months. The associated OPG always involved the chiasm, and represent a specific subpopulation of OPG. Clinically, the nystagmus was always classified as spasmus nutans type. Oculographic recordings showed frequencies of 2.7-5 Hz, sinusoidal waveforms, dissociation and a special type of disconjugacy, with a 180° horizontal phase shift and no vertical phase shift, exhibiting a “convection-like” movement pattern. Rarely and for short periods of time, the phase shift could change. These characteristics point towards oscillations in the vergence system, which could possibly result from the specific disruption of the vergence centres afferences in the brainstem, induced by the OPG during the sensitive period of visual development. 4. Five cases of upbeat nystagmus in infants with normal retinas and normal brain imaging were studied. The nystagmus mostly occurred in supine position and could be triggered by head rotations in the supine position. All resolved spontaneously. The characteristics of this nystagmus suggest an involvement of the otolithic system, with a secondary recalibration of the vestibulo-ocular pathways. In conclusion, the development of infant-friendly devices for eye-movements recording helps providing new insights on the pathophysiology of poorly described varieties of nystagmus, including nystagmus with a vertical component and transitory nystagmus. The maturation process of both the anterior visual pathways and the oculomotor pathways appears to be central in the mechanisms of these nystagmus
Nasri, Amine. "Microscopic nonlocal potentials for the study of scattering observables of nucleons within the coupled channel framemork." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS273/document.
Full textA good understanding and prediction capacity of neutron scattering cross sections is crucial to many nuclear technologies, among which all kinds of reactors based on fission process. For deformed nuclei, the computation of scattering observables for the elastic channel and the first, low-lying excited states requires coupled channel calculations. Local, phenomenological optical and macroscopic transition potentials are the most commonly used in coupled channel analyses, but their accuracy outside of their fitting range remains unpredictable. Microscopic approaches are being developed in order to improve prediction power and solve the extrapolation issue. Potentials obtained microscopically are nonlocal, and recent studies have emphasized the importance of treating explicitly this nonlocality, without using a localization procedure. Our goal in the present work is to study in a quantum framework with no adjustable parameter, the impact of the nonlocality of potentials on scattering observables of nucleon-nucleus reactions. To achieve this we study neutron scattering with the Melbourne G matrix, which represents the interaction between the projectile and one nucleon of the target, and we describe the target’s structure using the RPA for our first applications to ⁹⁰Zr. In order to be able to study also deformed nuclei, we do our study in the coupled channel framework. The first part of this paper is dedicated to the derivation in a unique, consistent scope of coupled equations for nucleon-nucleus scattering and of the potentials obtained with the Melbourne G matrix and RPA structure input. Secondly, we describe the codes which we wrote during this Ph.D. project: MINOLOP for the computation of microscopic potentials using the Melbourne G matrix and structure inputs given in terms of a 1-body density, and ECANOL for the resolution of coupled channel equations using nonlocal potentials as input. Eventually, we present our first applications using these two codes to study pre-equilibrium emissions due to 2-phonon excitations in ⁹⁰Zr
Damasse, Jean-Bernard. "Smooth pursuit eye movements and learning : role of motion probability and reinforcement contingencies." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0223/document.
Full textOne of the main challenges for living organisms is the ability to constantly adapt their motor behavior. In the first study of this thesis, we investigated the role of statistical regularities and operant conditioning on anticipatory smooth eye movements (aSPEM), in a large set of healthy participants. We provided evidence that aSPEM are generated coherently with the expected probability of motion direction. Furthermore, by manipulating reinforcement contingencies our findings demonstrated for the first time that aSPEM can be considered an operant behavior. In a second study, we designed a novel two-targets choice-tracking task, where a choice-contingent reward was returned, inspired by Iowa Gambling Task (IGT). We administered this new paradigm to Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients as well as age-matched control participants and young adult controls. For young participants, choice latency was clearly shortened in the IGT-pursuit task compared to the control-task. For PD patients choice latency was overall delayed and this difference could not be attributed to pure motor deficits. Overall the choice strategy performance was poor in all groups suggesting some possible differences between the standard IGT task and our IGT-pursuit task in probing decision-making. The last contribution of this thesis is an attempt to model the relation between aSPEM velocity and local direction-bias. Two models were tested to account for the trial-sequence effects, including either a decaying memory, or a Bayesian adaptive estimation of the efficient memory size. Our results suggest that adaptive models could be used in the future to better assess statistical and reinforcement learning