Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Glissement à la paroi'
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Cizeron, Jérome. "Simulation numérique du glissement à la paroi des polymères fondus." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE10009.
Full textLoussaief, Hend. "Ecoulement de suspensions avec condition de glissement sur la paroi." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066185.
Full textMOURNIAC, PHILIPPE. "Le probleme du glissement a la paroi dans les ecoulements de melanges d'elastomeres." Paris, ENMP, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991ENMP0287.
Full textGhalya, Nejiba. "Interactions hydrodynamiques entre une particule solide et une paroi plane avec condition de glissement de Navier." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00767656.
Full textLegrand, Frédéric. "Glissement aux parois des polymères fondus enchevêtrés." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE10288.
Full textDadzie, S. Kokou. "Conditions aux limites dans un gaz raréfié: loi de réflexion à la paroi, saut de température, vitesse de glissement, couche de Knudsen." Phd thesis, Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille I, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011266.
Full textde conditions aux limites cinétiques, en développant de manière originale la théorie de " scattering kernel " bien connue dans le domaine de la recherche de conditions aux limites pour l'équation de Boltzmann. Ces modèles sont développés d'une part pour un gaz monoatomique et d'autre part pour un gaz de molécules complexes. Les démonstrations font appel à des formulations intégrales et à une description basée sur la théorie des opérateurs. Elles introduisent la notion de coefficient d'accommodation
propre à chaque degré de liberté. Dans un deuxième temps nous avons utilisé ces conditions aux limites
cinétiques pour établir des conditions aux limites hydrodynamiques : saut de température
- glissement de vitesse. Nous abordons également le problème de la couche limite cinétique (couche de Knudsen) et de la prédiction du flux de chaleur à la paroi. Finalement ces conditions aux limites sont utilisées pour les calculs de coefficients aérodynamiques et de quelques types d'écoulements particuliers. Les résultats sont comparés à ceux donnés par d'autres modèles, ainsi qu'aux résultats expérimentaux.
Dadzie, Kokou Sename Enyonam. "Conditions aux limites dans un gaz raréfié : loi de réflexion à la paroi, saut de température, glissement de vitesse, couche de Knudsen." Aix-Marseille 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AIX11063.
Full textFournier, Jean-Étienne. "Analyse des écoulements de thermoplastiques par vélocimétrie par imagerie de particules : application aux procédés d'extrusion et d'injection." Thesis, Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL10167/document.
Full textQuality or aesthetic defects of the plastic parts manufactured by injection moulding process are partly controlled by the flow conditions during filling stage. Sorne hypotheses, notably that of a slipping at the mould wall, are proposed in literature to explain their origin. But, because a lack of appropriate tools, compatible with the very severe environment of plastic processing, they have not been confirmed yet by experimental works. The present study tries to fill up this lacuna by analysing the validity of an original method of direct visualization of flows in extrusion and injection moulding processes by particle image velocimetry. Results obtained for extrusion experiments are conclusive and confirm the validity of this method. ln the particular case of a polycarbonate, they obviously show a wall slip phenomenon; confirmed by classic rheological measurements. This wall slip can lead the perturbations of the flow, especially near the geometrical discontinuities. The transposition in the injection moulding case, more delicate, clearly shows the practical difficulties related to the process environment. Neverthelesse, a qualitative analysis allows to relate the flow conditions at the mould wall with the appearance of a defect on the surface of the part. The quantitative analysis remains however to be confirmed in future studies
Schmatko, Tatiana. "Etude experimentale des mécanismes moléculaires de la friction fluides simples/solide : rôle des interactions et de la rugosité à l'échelle nanométrique." Paris 6, 2003. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004617.
Full textMezghani, Abderrazak. "Interface polymère-paroi et stabilité des écoulements de polymères fondus." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994GRE10096.
Full textBarbosa, Christophe. "Experimental and numerical study of the interaction of a bubble with an inclined wall." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016INPT0122.
Full textThe objective of the thesis is to study the interaction of a high Reynolds moderate Weber numberbubble with an inclined wall. For a given bubble-liquid combination, an increase of the inclinationangle results in a transition from a steady sliding motion to periodic bounces. An experimentaldevice was designed and built to generate the collision of bubbles in terminal state conditions withan inclined wall, with inclination angles ranging from 5 to 80. Experiments were conductedconsidering different liquid and bubble diameters. The bubble shape and position was recordedusing a high speed camera whereas the wake behavior was captured using a time resolved Particle Image Velocimetry technique. In addition, the interaction process was also studied using anumerical code. Considering a force balance on the sliding bubble, that takes into account theviscous or inertial nature of the drag force, the sliding and bouncing motions were wellcharacterized and validated by the experimental results. The inertial sliding and bouncing motionswere associated to a constant tangential Froude number. As for the viscous sliding motion, the corresponding drag coefficient was satisfactorily modelled through the additive effects of thepotential-flow wall effect and the vorticity production at the wall. Through the same force balance projected along the normal axis, a set of relations were obtained for the transition from sliding tobouncing motions. The wake induced lift force results to be of major importance for the transitioncriteria. The different phases that characterize the oblique collision were analyzed. Accordingly,the initial and final times for the process were chosen. On this basis, models for the normal and tangential coefficient of restitutions were proposed and numerically supported. The numericalsimulations reproduced the different aspect of the bubble inclined wall interaction
Zhu, Wenwu. "Segmentation et recalage d'images TDM multi-phases de l'abdomen pour la planification chirurgicale." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAD011/document.
Full textThe fusion of arterial and venous phase CT images of the entire abdominal viscera is critical for a better diagnosis, surgi-cal planning and treatment, since these two phase images contain complementary information. However, non-rigid regis-tration of abdominal images is still a big challenge due to the breathing motion, which causes sliding motion between the abdominal viscera and the abdo-thoracic wall. The purpose of this thesis is to provide an accurate registration method for abdominal viscera between venous and arterial phase CT images.In order to remove the sliding motion effect, we decide to separate the image into big motion and less motion regions, and perform the registration on new images where abdo-thoracic wall and thoracic viscera are removed. The segmentation of these sliding interfaces is completed with our fast interactive tools within 10 minitues. Two state-of-the-art non-rigid registration algorithms are then applied on these new images and compared to registration obtained with original images. The evaluation using four abdominal organs (liver, kidney, spleen) and several vessel bifurcations shows that our approach provides a much higher accuracy within 1 mm
schmatko, tatiana. "étude expérimentale des mécanismes moléculaires de la friction fluides simples/solide: rôle des interactions et de la rugosité à l'échelle nanométrique." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004617.
Full textGoncalves, Olabissi. "Effets de taille sur la rhéologie et la microstructure d'objets en polymères amorphes pour la compréhension du procédé de micro-injection." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENI079.
Full textThis work, done within the framework of a FUI project (ConProMi), endeavoured to study the mechanisms involved within amorphous polymers during the replication of micro-parts by microinjection moulding. A specific mould called “La Rotonde” has been developed to realise parts with variable thicknesses, and to follow the local pressure and temperature conditions during the moulding phase. The in-situ measurements show that the polymer flow is greatly affected by the cavity thickness, in the particular case of cyclic olefin copolymer (COC). Indeed, the pressure drops dP increases with the thickness e and respect a power law, through the expression dP~e^a. The extrapolation to lower thicknesses gives a physical limit for the manufacturing of micro-parts by injection moulding, known empirically in the plastic industry. The moulding of a 0,19mm thick part (or aspect ratio upper than 45) is impossible due to the pressure drops involved. Therefore, “La Rotonde”, as an internal rheometer, allows measuring the COC viscosity under real process conditions, integrating the material compressibility. A focus has been made for the smaller parts (0,27mm thick) to study the mechanisms involved within the polymer flow. Higher viscosities and shear stresses are found for this cavity, and close to the values corresponding to the appearance of wall-slip phenomenon at the interface between the polymer and the cavity. A morphological analysis of short-shots reveals the presence of multiple secondary flows close to the injection gate, creating weld-lines. This phenomenon is clearly broadened with decreasing thicknesses, but it seems to disappear away from the injection gate. Therefore, this original result show that the classical fountain flow, used to describe the polymer flow behaviour, is not sufficient in the case of polymer flows within micro-cavities. As a consequence, each sample's morphology has been studied and related to the physical properties of COC. A specific analysis of the local birefringence has been developed in order to quantify the residual internal stresses. The internal stresses profiles normal to the flow direction are parabolic for all the samples, and the levels of maximum stresses reached increases with reducing thickness. The dynamic mechanical properties are history-dependent according to the former thermomechanical conditions. The elastic properties tend to increase together with the density when the thickness decreases, partly explained by the enhancement of the cooling rates. The differences observed for the molecular mobility of the macromolecular chains have been correlated to physical ageing and/or at the presence of structural defects during the moulding phase. With regards to the results observed, some recommendations are drawn regarding the optimization of the process conditions for the manufacturing of parts by micro-injection moulding. At last, different solutions are given to overcome the physical limitation to produce micro-parts, like controlling the wall-slip phenomenon at the interface between polymer and cavity or compounding new polymers with specific rheological behaviours
Mnekbi, Djebali Cheima. "Rhéologie des polymères fondus à hauts taux de cisaillement : application à la microinjection." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00820185.
Full textAzzouzi, Houssain. "Propriétés rhéophysiques d'un système micellaire viscoélastique : rhéoépaississement apparent et oscillations des contraintes." Metz, 2005. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/2005/Azzouzi.Houssain.SMZ0521.pdf.
Full textWe have studied rheological and optical properties of viscoelastic micellar solutions. We focus on a specific solution of CTAB/NaSal (50/100 mM), which shows, apparent shear-thickening in a narrow range of shear rates after a perfect plateau of shear stress characteristic of shear-banding. In this regime, in phase oscillations of the shear stress and of the first normal stress difference are recorded in a shearing device operating under controlled strain. The main goal of this work consists in finding correlations between rheological reponses, optical observations and ultrasonic velocimetry measurements in order to bring information on the mechanism which leads to the formation of these time periodic variations of shear stress. The direct observation of the annular gap of a Couette cell in a direction perpendicular to a plane containing the vorticity shows that the turbidity of the whole sample also undergoes time dependent variations with the same period as the shear stress; these variations are related to a periodic variations of the concentration of shear induced structures (SIS). However local velocity measurements reveal clearly the presence of slip at the walls of the Couette cell. In the shear-thickening regime, velocities present periodic fluctuations which probably induce shear stress oscillations
Ozogul, Hamdullah. "Écoulements de fluides à seuil autour d'un cylindre en milieu confiné : études expérimentale et numérique." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAI005/document.
Full textThe flow of yield stress fluids around a circular cylinder in a confined geometry has been investigated with a Poiseuille flow configuration.Experimentally, a test set-up was built which provides a continuous flow in a closed loop. We studied creeping, recirculating and vortex shedding flow regimes. New results has been realised with a Newtonian fluid and Carbopol solutions, models for yield stress behaviour in laboratory experiments and in industry. A high speed camera and a laser sheet have been used to perform images which are treated by PIV. Kinematic fields, flow morphologies and critical transition parameters have been determined.Numerically, a viscoplastic model based on the regularised Herschel-Bulkley law has been used. Results as flow morphologies, rigid areas and local flow parameters fields have been performed. That allowed us to compare the intrinsic effects of Carbopol solutions and the viscoplastic numerical model. A specific study on the wall slip has also been considered with an elasto-hydrodynamic lubrication model
Hénot, Marceau. "Glissement de polymères liquides." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS194/document.
Full textThe goal of this work was to identify the molecular mechanisms governing the friction of a polymeric liquid on a solid surface by studying the deviation from the no-slip boundary condition.First, we developed a new method of measurement of slip of a polymeric liquid based on the observation under shear of a pattern photobleached in a fluorescent fluid. This method, which is an evolution of one already used in the group, give a direct access to the displacement field of the liquid under shear. Using this setup, we studied experimentally the effect of the chemical nature of the surface, of the liquid viscosity and of the temperature on the slip of polymer melt (T>Tg). It appeared that the slip effect is governed by the viscosity of the liquid and a friction coefficient which depends only on the chemical natures of the liquid and the surface. In particular this coefficient is the same for a melt and for an elastomer made of the same polymer. The temperature dependence of this effect is characterized by the difference of activation energy of viscosity of the liquid and of the friction on the solid surface that both are activated processes. We also studied the case of concentrated polymer solutions for which the molecular mechanism of friction differs. Indeed we showed that the friction coefficient is no longer a local quantity and depends on the concentration. Finally, we investigated the evolution over time of the slip transition of polymer melts and solutions which is due to the adsorption of polymer chains on the solid walls
Mezry, Abdeljabbar. "Loi de glissement de caoutchoucs crus." Grenoble INPG, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPG0090.
Full textILLIANO, STEPHANE. "Bradykinine et paroi veineuse." Strasbourg 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993STR15068.
Full textJestin, Camille. "Modélisation analogique du glissement sur une faille." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAH017/document.
Full textThe presence of defaults on the surface of tectonic faults can affect the behaviour of the rupture along those interfaces. However, because of the limited resolution of the faults imaging at depth, the implication of these heterogeneities remains hard to quantify. We present here an analogic approach enabling the precision of the impact of the heterogeneities on the fracture propagation. On one hand, this analysis lays on the use of an experimental setup ensuring the monitoring of a fracture propagating under an imposed stress, normal to the rupture interface (mode I). The used model, implying an acoustic and an optical monitoring of the fracture front advance, leads us to the determination of the impact of asperities on the energy partitioning between seismic and aseismic processes. We make the link between radiation efficiency and rupture velocity, locally affected by the presence of microstructures along the interface. On another hand, to extend our results to other rupture modes, which are observed more often during rupture on tectonic faults, we get interested in the adaptation of our experimental setup for the observation of a fracture propagating under shear stress (mode III). The analysis of morphologic and dynamic properties of the mode III crack advance shows results similar to those obtained for mode I. This suggests eventually that the results observed in mode I can be extended to other rupture modes
Zhang, Xiao. "Glissement et élongation des fluides à seuil." Thesis, Paris Est, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PESC1037/document.
Full textKetchup, mustard, shaving creams flow only when submitted to stresses greater than a critical stress – yield stress, these are yield stress fluids. On smooth surfaces, these fluids can flow under very small stresses; this phenomenon is the wall slip. Using gels, emulsions, clay suspensions, etc., and from rheometrical tests with original protocols and internal measurements (MRI velocimetry), we show that a minimal stress must be reached to initiate wall slip and, depending on cases, this value is either due to an edge effect or to an adhesion of the suspended elements to the wall. Above this critical value, the excess of stress is found to vary linearly with the slip velocity, except at the transition of the yield stress or using a microtextured surface: in that cases the relation becomes quadratic. The wall slip can be interpreted as the shear flow of a thin liquid layer between the yield stress fluid and the wall. However, given the complexity of the material structure in contact with the wall, the exact picture of the slip layer requires further investigations. The apparent thickness of the liquid layer seems to be independent of the concentration, the mean droplet size, the external normal forces, etc., suggesting that it depends on interactions between the suspended droplets and the surface which are much stronger than the lubricating and osmotic pressures. We also study wall slip under more complex flow conditions, by inducing an elongational flow during a traction test with smooth surfaces. The normal force measured for various materials with different microstructures shows that the yielding condition in an elongational flow is different from the standard theory, and the apparent thickness of the wall slip layer is several orders of magnitude larger than that found in shear flows
Messaadi, Maha. "Dégradation des aciers frittés sous impact-glissement." Thesis, Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ECDL0011/document.
Full textSintered steel is used as a material for valve seat insert in automotive engines. During operation, a dynamic contact occurs between the valve and its seat. To investigate the wear behavior of sintered steel for this application, we have developed an impact-sliding tester using a ball on flat configuration. Impact-sliding experiments have been conducted at different impact angles (30°, 45°, 60°) with and without lubrication to investigate the surface damage of the sintered steel under this contact loading and to understand the effect of lubrication. As a first step, we investigated numerically the evolution of the contact pressure, stress and strain as a function of time. In fact, owning the experimental bench test, a finite element model was developed. Numerical results show an evolution from of dynamic behavior from permanent reciprocating sliding at low angles to an intermittent motion called multi-impacts at higher angles. Experimental electric resistance measurements seem to confirm these evolutions. As a consequence, shearing stress is reduced when plastic deformation increased with multi-impacts. Wear track observations are in good agreement with these findings. Our results have shown an important variation of the wear rate in relation to impact-sliding angle. In dry condition, a low wear regime is observed for low angles; whereas maximum wear is observed at 60° angle for lubricated contacts. The wear scar in the dry contact is deeper than in the lubricated one. The damaged surface of sintered steel is examined by a Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). In dry conditions, the contact area wears out quickly due to an adhesive-abrasive process. Under lubricated conditions, a fatigue crack opening is associated to a lower wear rate. The lubricated impact-sliding condition modifies the main surface damage phenomena. In addition, a comparison of wear volumes produced using pure mineral base oil and the same base oil containing an anti-wear, anti-friction additive (ZDDP), shows that this additive has only a weak effect on wear reduction under squeeze–sliding lubrication. A discussion of basic wear mechanisms is presented to explain the observations. The present research was carried out to study the combined aspects of impact and sliding failure mechanism at different contact temperatures. The tribological behavior was investigated both under reciprocating motion and with a dynamic impact-sliding loading. The measured friction coefficient decreases as the contact temperature increases. The presence of oxides seems to be the key factor of this evolution. When the loading changes to a combined impact with slides, wear rate and mechanisms of the sintered steel vary with temperatures. Scanning electron microscopy observations coupled with EDX analysis were investigated inside and outside of the wear track in order to understand the surface accommodation with temperatures
Glikson, Fabienne. "Couche limite sur paroi rugueuse." Toulouse, ENSAE, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ESAE0003.
Full textMangin, Stéphane. "Nucléation et propagation d'une paroi dans une nanostructure magnétique : la jonction à paroi de domaines." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE10085.
Full textRavanel, Ludovic. "Caractérisation, facteurs et dynamiques des écroulements rocheux dans les parois à permafrost du massif du Mont Blanc." Chambéry, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CHAMS042.
Full textThe study of rockfalls (volume > 100 m3) in high mountains is essentiel to understand landscape evolution and to evaluate natural hazard. The number of rockfall events actually seems to rise in the Alps, while vulnerabilities are increasing in high altitude and in valleys. Due to a lack of systematic observations, the frequency and volumes of rockfalls, as well as their triggering factors remain poorly understood. This manuscript analyses different inventories of rockfalls acquired in the whole Mont Blanc massif by three innovative methods in order to characterize the rockfalls triggering conditions, and to emphasize the role of permafrost. (i) In two sectors of the massif (Drus and Aiguilles de Chamonix), a comparison of photographs from the end of th Little Ice Age to 2009, combined with field geomorphological data, allowed the identification of 50 collapses during th period, involving rock volumes ranging from 500 m3 to 265 000 m3. In most cases, these rockfalls occurred during th hottest periods, either from the end of the LIA (the last two decades) or during one year (hot summer episodes). (ii) A network of local observers (guides, hut keepers), allowed the documentation of all the rockfall events th occurred in 2007 (n = 45), 2008 (n = 22) and 2009 (n = 72) in the central part of the Mont Blanc massif, involving rock volumes ranging from 100 m3 to 50 000 m3. Furthermore, the analyses of a satellite image allowed the identification of 182 rockfalls in the whole massif at the end of the 2003 summer heatwave. Most of these scars are located in areas where models suggest the presence of "warm" permafrost (between -5 and 0°C), which is the most likely to be degraded by global warming. The presence of massive ice is moreover observed in many cases, confirming the likely role of the permafrost degradation. (iii) Finally, the diachronic comparison of high resolution 3D models obtained by annually repeated terrestrial laserscanning enabled the quantification of the fallen rock volumes. Since 2005, 69 rock detachments (volumes from 1 m3 to 426 m3) have been measured on ten rockwalls with different slope orientation and steepness, all located between 3 000 and 4 500 m a. S. L. Their analysis indicates that the morphodynamics of these rockwalls depends on their geological, topo-climatic, thermal and ice conditions. Even though topography and geology are determinant factors, they do not trigger the rockfalls observed in the Mont Blanc massif. Indeed, rockfalls appear to mainly result from permafrost degradation in relation to global warming
Soyez, Thomas. "Étude du glissement des dislocations dans le zirconium." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASP053.
Full textZirconium alloys are used in the nuclear industry as fuel cladding tubes and structural components of the fuel assemblies. In order to properly predict the mechanical behavior of those alloys throughout their usage time, it is necessary to understand the physical mechanisms controlling plasticity. Deformation in metals is usually accommodated by dislocation glide and twinning. Zirconium has a hexagonal close packed structure and its plastic deformation is anisotropic. For a mechanical loading along the axis of the crystal, the principal deformation mode corresponding to dislocation glide cannot accommodate the deformation and dislocation glide and twinning have to be activated. This thesis aims to study properties of dislocations based on two complementary approaches, Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) observations and atomic simulations.TEM observations underlined the glide system of the dislocations, which exclusively glide in first order pyramidal planes even, with cross slip between different first order pyramidal planes being activated at room temperature. dislocations appear rectilinear, with a preferential orientation along the direction which is the intersection between the glide plane and the basal plane. TEM in situ tensile test experiments show that this orientation glide with difficulty. Two types of glide mechanism were observed: a rigid motion where the dislocation keeps its shape while gliding and a viscous motion of these segments leading to the creation of macro-kinks.Atomic simulations rationalize the glide of dislocations in first order pyramidal plane with the existence of stacking faults in the possible glide planes and with a ground state structure of the screw dislocation which dissociates in two non-equivalent partial dislocations in a first order pyramidal plane. The evolution of this structure under an applied stress allowed to obtain the Peierls stress which depends on the direction of the applied stress and underlined a difficult glide: the Peierls stress of this screw dislocation is thirty times greater than the one of the dislocation. Thermal activation appears therefore necessary for dislocation glide. Molecular dynamics simulations evidence a glide of the screw dislocation operating by double kinks nucleation. The structure of the dislocation oriented in its direction is dissociated in its glide plane, i.e. a first order pyramidal plane, and also a secondary plane whose nature varies with the energetic model. This secondary dissociation is expected to explain the difficult glide of this orientation
Caldas, Helena. "Le frottement solide sec : le frottement de glissement et de non glissement. Étude des difficultés des étudiants et analyse de manuels." Paris 7, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA070014.
Full textThe aim of the present work is to tackle the difficulties met by students as they were confronted with physical situations in which phenomena of sliding friction (kinetic friction) or nonsliding friction (static friction) between the non-lubricated contact zones of the solids concerned are at work ("frottement solid sec" or "dry solid friction"). The research is based on a "priori analysis" (the study of friction both from a physical and didactic point of view, a short exploratory survey, empirical classroom observations of teaching methods dealing with friction and a partial analysis of the reference textbooks used by students and teachers) where a number of questions and hypoteses are explicitly put forward. The second part is concerned with analyzing the results of (written) questionnaires submitted to students from different backgrounds (different countries of origin and different academic levels). These questionnaires were elaborated in order to test our hypotheses. The resulting analyses lead to a synthetic description of the students'ideas and ways of reasoning concerning frictioin. The students' ways of reasoning bear the following characteristics : the students seem to have a one-siled notion of friction (no-distinction between static and kinetic friction) which is represented by only one resultant of the contact forces (newton's third law is not applied) ; the resultant is located at interface level ("between" the solids) and only has an effect on the solid above the interface ("effet dessus-dessous", or "upper-lower effet"). This single force has a welldefined direction and is determined by the direction of the "effective" (given) motion of the solids studied - this single force is constantly opposed to the "effective" motion of the solids (the relative motion of the solids are not taken into consideration)
Bernard-Cardona, Muriel. "Protéines et paroi chez Aspergillus fumigatus." Phd thesis, INAPG (AgroParisTech), 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005702.
Full textPache, Séverine. "Propriétés hors-équilibre d'une paroi adiabatique /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2004. http://library.epfl.ch/theses/?nr=3110.
Full textPuel, Florent. "Intéraction de tourbillons avec une paroi." École nationale supérieure de l'aéronautique et de l'espace (Toulouse ; 1972-2007), 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ESAE0005.
Full textFlambard, Bénédicte. "Les protéases de paroi des lactocoques." Lyon 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LYO19006.
Full textFrih, Bengabbou Nouredine. "Etude de l'interface sol-paroi moulée." Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ENPC0007.
Full textJoseph, Pierre. "Etude expérimentale du glissement sur surfaces lisses et texturées." Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066214.
Full textBoudjema, Fares. "Commande par mode de glissement. Application aux convertisseurs electriques." Toulouse 3, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991TOU30081.
Full textAndoh, Honoré Yobouet. "Refroidissement de paroi par effusion : Etude expérimentale." Lyon, INSA, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ISAL0088.
Full textOne solution for the cooling of combustion chamber walls, when they are porous, consists of cooling them by effusion of a cold gas flowing from outside to inside this work aims to analyse the performance of such a system. A model of flowing throw the wall, based on a Blasius type law and solved by a finite difference method, was developed. Compared to various model found in the literature, it was applied to experiments with various fluids, operating temperatures and pressures. The model of beat transfer inside the wall uses the energy equation and a finite difference method solving. It is allows to study the sensitivity of mechanism to various parameters. One at them - the internal convective heat transfer coefficient is preponderant. Its value is obtained by semi-empirical equation given by the literature or by an indirect experimental method, difficult to carry out due to the great thermal involved. A simple modelling of the boundary layer, using the assumption of a laminar layer moving perpendicular to the wall, allows to calculate the heat flux get by the wall. A boundary layer of a few hundredth millimetres thickness is enough to considerably limit the flux. A global simulation program is used to analyse the performance of the studied cooling mode. When the main parameters vary, pressures, up-stream and down-stream to the wall, cold and hot gases temperatures, material, fluid, internal convection coefficient, boundary layer thickness
Morisset, François. "Etude d'écoulements turbulents hypersoniques sur paroi rugueuse." Bordeaux 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR1A509.
Full textCarrau, André. "Modélisation numérique d'un écoulement sur paroi rugueuse." Bordeaux 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR10580.
Full textMoerschell, Joseph. "Réglage par mode de glissement du couple de moteurs asynchrones /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1993. http://library.epfl.ch/theses/?nr=1159.
Full textBonneville, Joël. "Etude des paramètres d'activation du glissement d'evié dans le cuivre /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1985. http://library.epfl.ch/theses/?nr=607.
Full textLord, Pierre-Étienne. "Analyse des déplacements du glissement rocheux de Gascons, Gaspésie, Québec." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28547/28547.pdf.
Full textPhilippon, Sylvain Molinari Alain. "Etude expérimentale du frottement sec à grande vitesses de glissement." Metz : Université Metz, 2008. ftp://ftp.scd.univ-metz.fr/pub/Theses/2004/Philippon.Sylvain.SMZ0416.pdf.
Full textChennevière, Alexis. "Dynamique de chaînes de polymère greffés et glissement aux interfaces." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112404/document.
Full textIn many cases, the development of surfaces with specific adhesive properties involves the use of "decorated interfaces." These interfaces consist of a solid substrate on which polymer chains are more or less well anchored. These chains are mechanically coupled to the surrounding material and control the transmission of friction and adhesion stresses at the interfaces. This coupling depends particularly on the penetration of the surface chains within the matrix and on their own dynamics. In this thesis, the systems we investigated are composed of a layer of polymer chains whose end is covalently linked to a solid substrate. These, so called, polymer brushes, provide a model system for decorated interfaces. Our objective was to study the conformation and dynamics of these grafted chains when they are subjected to different types of stress in order to understand the molecular mechanisms governing the adhesion and friction properties of this type of interface.In the first part, we investigated the healing kinetics of an interface composed initially of grafted chains collapsed on a substrate and in contact with a molten by using neutron reflectivity. When the system is brought above the glass transition temperature, the polymer chains mobility is high enough to allow the penetration of the grafted chains within the polymer melt. Neutrons reflectivity allowed us to probe at the molecular scale and to quantify the healing kinetics of this type of interface. The influence of molecular parameters on this healing kinetics was observed, which allowed us to propose a scaling law model to give a physical interpretation to the phenomenon studied.The second part of this thesis consisted in the development of an experimental setup which is able to shear a brush / melt interface above the glass transition temperature and to freeze the conformation of chains grafted in their sheared conformation. The inversion of the associated neutron reflectivity spectra made it possible to demonstrate the influence of shear on the degree of interpenetration between the brush and the melt which governs the transmission of stresses. In addition, we measured the kinetics of relaxation of grafted chains previously sheared and we compared it to the interdigitation experiments. This comparison highlighted the influence of the kind of solicitation on the relaxation kinetics of a brush/melt interface.We also observed that the relaxation kinetics and the conformation of the grafted chains may be altered when they are confined in a film which thickness is comparable to the radius of gyration of the chains. A systematic study using neutron reflectivity was conducted and highlighted an acceleration of the relaxation kinetics of the system below a critical thickness which could be interpreted in terms of a shift in the glass transition temperature.Secondly, we studied the slip of polymer solutions onto a grafted surface. The volume fraction of free chains in solution is an additional parameter which controls the degree of interpenetration between free chains and grafted chains. A first theoretical approach showed that different slip regimes can occur as a function of volume fraction. We have undertaken a first series of experiments using laser velocimetry after photobleaching to measure the surface velocity of flowing polymer solutions and to compare the experimental results to our theoretical approach
Philippon, Sylvain. "Etude expérimentale du frottement sec à grande vitesses de glissement." Metz, 2004. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/2004/Philippon.Sylvain.SMZ0416.pdf.
Full textThe understanding of friction laws is of major importance for modelling of metal forming processes and wear, among other applications. Few studies are concerned by friction at high sliding velocities. An original experimental device has been designed to study dry friction under static and dynamic conditions avoiding the constraints due to the wear. High sliding velocities (from 13 m/s to 60 m/s) and low sliding velocities (from 0 m/s to 3 m/s) are obtained respectively with an air gun set-up and a hydraulic machine using this same friction device. The interesting features of this dynamic friction set-up are related to the sliding speed is identical at any points of the contact zone and that a quasistationary friction process is obtained after a short transient. The effects on friction of the normal pressure p, and of the sliding velocity v are investigated. The results obtained for steel on steel friction coefficient are in agreement with those collected in the literature and allow to validate this experimental device. A second sliding pair of materials (steel on uncoated tungsten carbide) was tested to reproduce the tool-chip interaction during high speed machining. The usual decreasing friction coefficient with increasing sliding velocity v is confirmed. However, for higher velocities an opposite trend is observed. Finally, the results of dry friction coefficient calculated with the models proposed by ettles and by molinari et al. Were compared to the steel on steel data measured with the experimental device
Penno, Christophe. "Contrôle de la virulence de Shigella flexneri par glissement transcriptionnel." Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066050.
Full textBacteria of Shigella species enter into epithelial cell using a type three secretion apparatus encoded by the mxi-spa operon containing about 20 genes, including the mxiE gene coding for a transcription activator. We showed, in the mxi-spa operon, the presence of 4 sites of transcriptional slippage on which the RNA polymerase incoporates a number of nucleotides that is different from that specified by the DNA template. Slippage on two of these sites is required for production of functional proteins, MxiE and Spa13, and on the two other sites leads to production of truncated proteins, MxiA and Spa33. The presence of these sites decreases production of MxiE and Spa13 by 70%, of MxiA and Spa33 by 15% and of MxiD and Spa32 by 50%. Modulation of the efficiency of transcriptional slippage might represent a means to control expression of components of the type III secretion system
PIEDIGROSSI, PATRICIA. "Le syndrome de glissement : sa place dans la pathologie geriatrique." Toulouse 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989TOU31097.
Full textTruong, Hong Minh. "Formes normales de singularités de feuilletages et invariants de glissement." Toulouse 3, 2013. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2047/.
Full textThe objects studied in this thesis are the germs of singular holomorphic foliations in the plan. It is divided into two part: The first part is devoted to the construction of formal normal forms of topologically quasi-homogeneous foliations under generic conditions. Any such normal form is given as the sum of three terms: an initial generic quasi-homogeneous term, a hamiltonian term and a radial term. We also show that the number of free coefficients in the hamiltonian terms are consistent with the dimension of Mattei's moduli space of unfoldings. In the second part, by introducing a new invariant called the set of slidings, we give a complete strict classification of the class of germs of non-dicritical holomorphic foliations whose Camacho-Sad indices are not rational. Moreover, we will show that, in this class, the new invariant is finitely determined. Consequently, the finite determination of the class of isoholonomy non-dicritical foliations and absolutely dicritical foliations that have the same Dulac maps are proved
Jullien, Agnès. "Analyse tribologique d'un mécanisme de glissement dans l'huile. : Lubrification fractionnée." Lyon, INSA, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ISAL0047.
Full textThe tribological behaviour of an automotive differential immersed in a lubricant is analysed. In this mechanism, the first bodies are respectively a steel disc and a porous carbon composite disc. This study includes three parts, related to the scale at which the phenomena are analysed. At the scale of the entire mechanisms; the analysis was carried out on an industrial tr ibometer. Results: -identified a lubrication regime, not yet described in literature. - showed that the load capacity and t he velocity accommodation phenomena are located on "load carrying island" of 100 μm diameter. A simulation was therefore carried out at the "island scale". Variations in time of the active surfaces of these islands were identified, observed and analysed. This process called for different experimental techniques, including real time visualisations and third body thickness measurements by laser fluorescence. The porosity and the absence of reflection of the carbon first body required significant modification of this method. The tribological history of this mechanism was reconstructed from experiments in which phenomena were selectively amplified phenomena; it was also validated at the mechanism scale. Then the notion of fractionated lubrication was proposed to describe the tribological behaviour scientific prospects and a way of formulating this new regime of lubrication are proposed. The optimization of the mechanism is based on porosity and lubricant flow
Riahi, Slimane. "Etude de l'écoulement turbulent dans un canal bidimensionnel à deux parois rugueuses, ou une paroi lisse et une paroi rugueuse." Valenciennes, 1987. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/94fd57b2-e214-43f6-8da6-43775ac5edee.
Full textDelattre, Gregory. "Impédance de paroi des matériaux à réaction localisée." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00813355.
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