Relevant bibliographies by topics / Global 2000 Study

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Academic literature on the topic 'Global 2000 Study'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Global 2000 Study"

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Karisiddappa, C. R., B. M. Gupta, and Ashok Kumar. "Bibliometric study of global information literacy research during 2000-2019." International Journal of Information Dissemination and Technology 10, no. 2 (2020): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2249-5576.2020.00018.7.

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Saunois, Marielle, Philippe Bousquet, Ben Poulter, et al. "The global methane budget 2000–2012." Earth System Science Data 8, no. 2 (2016): 697–751. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-8-697-2016.

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Abstract. The global methane (CH4) budget is becoming an increasingly important component for managing realistic pathways to mitigate climate change. This relevance, due to a shorter atmospheric lifetime and a stronger warming potential than carbon dioxide, is challenged by the still unexplained changes of atmospheric CH4 over the past decade. Emissions and concentrations of CH4 are continuing to increase, making CH4 the second most important human-induced greenhouse gas after carbon dioxide. Two major difficulties in reducing uncertainties come from the large variety of diffusive CH4 sources that overlap geographically, and from the destruction of CH4 by the very short-lived hydroxyl radical (OH). To address these difficulties, we have established a consortium of multi-disciplinary scientists under the umbrella of the Global Carbon Project to synthesize and stimulate research on the methane cycle, and producing regular (∼ biennial) updates of the global methane budget. This consortium includes atmospheric physicists and chemists, biogeochemists of surface and marine emissions, and socio-economists who study anthropogenic emissions. Following Kirschke et al. (2013), we propose here the first version of a living review paper that integrates results of top-down studies (exploiting atmospheric observations within an atmospheric inverse-modelling framework) and bottom-up models, inventories and data-driven approaches (including process-based models for estimating land surface emissions and atmospheric chemistry, and inventories for anthropogenic emissions, data-driven extrapolations). For the 2003–2012 decade, global methane emissions are estimated by top-down inversions at 558 Tg CH4 yr−1, range 540–568. About 60 % of global emissions are anthropogenic (range 50–65 %). Since 2010, the bottom-up global emission inventories have been closer to methane emissions in the most carbon-intensive Representative Concentrations Pathway (RCP8.5) and higher than all other RCP scenarios. Bottom-up approaches suggest larger global emissions (736 Tg CH4 yr−1, range 596–884) mostly because of larger natural emissions from individual sources such as inland waters, natural wetlands and geological sources. Considering the atmospheric constraints on the top-down budget, it is likely that some of the individual emissions reported by the bottom-up approaches are overestimated, leading to too large global emissions. Latitudinal data from top-down emissions indicate a predominance of tropical emissions (∼ 64 % of the global budget, < 30° N) as compared to mid (∼ 32 %, 30–60° N) and high northern latitudes (∼ 4 %, 60–90° N). Top-down inversions consistently infer lower emissions in China (∼ 58 Tg CH4 yr−1, range 51–72, −14 %) and higher emissions in Africa (86 Tg CH4 yr−1, range 73–108, +19 %) than bottom-up values used as prior estimates. Overall, uncertainties for anthropogenic emissions appear smaller than those from natural sources, and the uncertainties on source categories appear larger for top-down inversions than for bottom-up inventories and models. The most important source of uncertainty on the methane budget is attributable to emissions from wetland and other inland waters. We show that the wetland extent could contribute 30–40 % on the estimated range for wetland emissions. Other priorities for improving the methane budget include the following: (i) the development of process-based models for inland-water emissions, (ii) the intensification of methane observations at local scale (flux measurements) to constrain bottom-up land surface models, and at regional scale (surface networks and satellites) to constrain top-down inversions, (iii) improvements in the estimation of atmospheric loss by OH, and (iv) improvements of the transport models integrated in top-down inversions. The data presented here can be downloaded from the Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (http://doi.org/10.3334/CDIAC/GLOBAL_METHANE_BUDGET_2016_V1.1) and the Global Carbon Project.
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Shegaze, Mulugeta, Tadele Adal, Dereje Mesfin, and Tamiru Shibiru. "The burden of cancer in Ethiopia, 2000–2016: analysis of evidence from the Global Burden of Disease study and Global Health Estimate." Medical Studies 36, no. 2 (2020): 83–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5114/ms.2020.96786.

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Üstün, T. B., J. L. Ayuso-Mateos, S. Chatterji, C. Mathers, and C. J. L. Murray. "Global burden of depressive disorders in the year 2000." British Journal of Psychiatry 184, no. 5 (2004): 386–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.184.5.386.

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BackgroundThe initial Global Burden of Disease study found that depression was the fourth leading cause of disease burden, accounting for 3.7% of total disability adjusted life years (DALYs) in the world in 1990.AimsTo present the new estimates of depression burden for the year 2000.MethodDALYs for depressive disorders in each world region were calculated, based on new estimates of mortality, prevalence, incidence, average age at onset, duration and disability severity.ResultsDepression is the fourth leading cause of disease burden, accounting for 4.4% of total DALYs in the year 2000, and it causes the largest amount of non-fatal burden, accounting for almost 12% of all total years lived with disability worldwide.ConclusionsThese data on the burden of depression worldwide represent a major public health problem that affects patients and society.
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Jiborn, Magnus, Viktoras Kulionis, and Astrid Kander. "Consumption versus Technology: Drivers of Global Carbon Emissions 2000–2014." Energies 13, no. 2 (2020): 339. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13020339.

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This study utilizes recently published environmental extensions to the World Input–Output Database (WIOD) to compare production-based, consumption-based and technology-adjusted carbon emissions for 44 countries and country groups for the period 2000 to 2014. Results show some significant shifts in global emission trends compared to similar studies of the period before 2009. For 20 European Union (EU) countries and the US, emissions decreased over the period regardless of measure, and the same was true for the EU. Since GDP grew in 18 of these countries, the results provide unambiguous evidence for absolute, albeit modest, decoupling of economic growth from carbon emissions. The large increase in global emissions that nevertheless occurred during the period was driven almost entirely by increasing consumption in China and developing countries.
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Neng, Shi, Chen Luwen, and Xia Dongdong. "A preliminary study on the global land annual precipitation associated with ENSO during 1948–2000." Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 19, no. 6 (2002): 993–1003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00376-002-0060-6.

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Han, Chunlei, Rongbin Xu, Yajuan Zhang, et al. "Air pollution control efficacy and health impacts: A global observational study from 2000 to 2016." Environmental Pollution 287 (October 2021): 117211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117211.

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Alonso-González, Esteban, and Víctor Fernández-García. "MOSEV: a global burn severity database from MODIS (2000–2020)." Earth System Science Data 13, no. 5 (2021): 1925–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-1925-2021.

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Abstract. To make advances in the fire discipline, as well as in the study of CO2 emissions, it is of great interest to develop a global database with estimators of the degree of biomass consumed by fire, which is defined as burn severity. In this work we present the first global burn severity database (MOSEV database), which is based on Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) surface reflectance and burned area (BA) products from November 2000 to near real time. To build the database we combined Terra MOD09A1 and Aqua MYD09A1 surface reflectance products to obtain dense time series of the normalized burn ratio (NBR) spectral index, and we used the MCD64A1 product to identify BA and the date of burning. Then, we calculated for each burned pixel the difference of the NBR (dNBR) and its relativized version (RdNBR), as well as the post-burn NBR, which are the most commonly used burn severity spectral indices. The database also includes the pre-burn NBR used for calculations, the date of the pre- and post-burn NBR, and the date of burning. Moreover, in this work we have compared the burn severity metrics included in MOSEV (dNBR, RdNBR and post-burn NBR) with the same ones obtained from Landsat-8 scenes which have an original resolution of 30 m. We calculated the Pearson's correlation coefficients and the significance of the relationships using 13 pairs of Landsat scenes randomly distributed across the globe, with a total BA of 6904 km2 (n=32 163). Results showed that MOSEV and Landsat-8 burn severity indices are highly correlated, particularly the post-burn NBR (R=0.88; P<0.001), and dNBR (R=0.74; P<0.001) showed stronger relationships than RdNBR (R=0.42; P<0.001). Differences between MOSEV and Landsat-8 indices are attributable to variability in reflectance values and to the different temporal resolution of both satellites (MODIS: 1–2 d; Landsat: 16 d). The database is structured according to the MODIS tiling system and is freely downloadable at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4265209 (Alonso-González and Fernández-García, 2020).
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Zheng, Yanting, Wanting Xu, and Lizhu Dai. "Urban growth in a post‐2000 central Chinese urban agglomeration: Case study of the Changzhutan region." Growth and Change 51, no. 1 (2020): 464–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/grow.12360.

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Aili Mari Tripp and Alice Kang. "The Global Impact of Quotas." Comparative Political Studies 41, no. 3 (2007): 338–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0010414006297342.

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Quotas have become an important mechanism through which women today are entering legislatures worldwide. This study shows that the introduction of quotas has helped overcome constraints on women's representation posed by economic underdevelopment, cultural influences, and even electoral systems. This study also demonstrates that the introduction of quotas offers the most explanatory power for women's representation today, together with electoral systems that allow for greater candidate turnover (i.e., party-list proportional representation systems). The majority of studies explaining women's legislative representation prior to 2000 focused on electoral systems, cultural considerations, and the strength of leftist political parties. Since the mid-1990s, however, an increasing number of countries have introduced gender quotas, which this article incorporates into older models in cross-national multivariate analysis.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Global 2000 Study"

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Pandit, Goolam Hoosain. "Global student migration patterns reflect and strengthen the hegemony of English as a global lingua franca: A case study of Chinese students at three tertiary institutions in Cape Town in the period 2002-2004." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&amp.

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The objective of this research paper was to examine how, through the prism of student migration patterns, the domination of the English language is extended and entrenched. Using the example of Chinese students in South Africa, the paper explored some of the reasons that underpin South Africa's growing appeal as an international study destination. The research specifically focused on the period between 2002 and 2004 which witnessed Chinese students arriving in unprecedented numbers to pursue higher education in a post-apartheid South Africa.
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Gutu, Taurai Fortune. "Recent developments in banking supervision and the soundness of the financial system : a comparative study of South Africa, Brazil and China." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1020892.

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While the 2008 financial crisis has come and gone, its effects on the global financial sector still show. Globalisation has since changed the way that banks do business, and increased competitiveness and with it the level of risk within the international banking community. Therefore, because of these prolonged effects of the financial crisis and the rise in the level of risk in banking, regulators deemed it fit to make the global financial sector safer and sounder. As a result, the BASEL III Capital Accord was introduced with tighter capital adequacy and liquidity ratio requirements; as well as also introducing the leverage ratio. In this paper, through the study of the rules and regulations on banks in South Africa, Brazil and China, it was discovered that all three countries have since begun the implementation of the new Accord as from January 2013. While preparatory measures may be different, there is a general sense of regulatory alignment among the three countries. By analysing the capital adequacy, liquidity and leverage ratios of the three countries, it was also established that these ratios are interconnected, with the capital adequacy ratio being the most important one. The study concludes that, with proper implementation of these ratios and effective management, countries implementing the BASEL III regulations would be in a stronger position to achieve soundness in their banking systems.<br>Gutu, Taurai Fortunate
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Johnsen, Oyvind Mikal Rebnord. "Global, transnational and national social movements : the case study of occupy wall street." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86540.

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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Despite their lack of merits and demands, Occupy Wall Street (OWS) did become a defining feature in the short aftermath of the Financial Crisis and a part of the global occupy-movements during the protest year of 2011. As the founders and organisers behind the first encampments in Zuccotti Park called out for a "Tahrir moment" in the United States of America (US), few scholars or pundits had seen the leaderless movement coming. OWS spread across the US in the matter of months, hitting the media headlines gradually and more rapidly than any previous protest movement. Scholarly responses to OWS have been plentiful, and their categorisations of the OWS’ structure, demands and impact have been going in many different directions. This study attempts to debate and analyse the main research question; is OWS a new kind of a social movement? Even though there are several ways in which one may approach this question, the following will focus on the organisational structures, the political opportunity structures and the global linkages of OWS. The organisational structures has been debated by most, as the movement has a leaderless structure, it is ruled by consensus and supported by protesters from all social spheres, who came, protested and left as they pleased. The political and economic deficits, which gives way to the political opportunity structures of the movement, has not been this dramatic since the Great Depression. The Financial Crisis of 2008 has not only been defined as an economic crisis, but also a crisis of representative democracy. Furthermore, the global protest movements of 2011 have been similar in several ways. Even as all of them, be it Tahrir, 15M, in Greece or OWS, has been unique in matters of context, time and space, they share similarities in tactics, methods and fundamental demands - democracy and prosperity. The concluding statement to the research question is not clear-cut. Rather, it revokes former debates, which distinguished between old and new social movements, and implements a globalising civil society. A new kind of a social movement has come and gone, with elements of the earlier movements. It has added new modes of tactics, structures and demands, all formed by the present context. OWS is not an exception.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Ten spyte van hul gebrek aan eise en tasbare sukses, het “Occupy Wall Street (OWS) wel ’n definiërende kenmerk geword tydens kort naloop van die Finansiële Krisies, asook ’n deel van die globale beset-bewegings tydens die 2011 protesjaar. Daar was min akademici en kenners wat, ten tye van die eerste kamperings in Zuccotti Park en die eis deur die stigters en organiseerders van OWS vir ’n “Tahrir oomblik”, die opkoms van hierdie leierlose beweging voorsien het. Binne ’n kwessie van maande het OWS dwarsoor die VSA versprei, eers stadig en daarna vinniger die hoofopskrifte van die media gehaal as enige ander protes-beweging wat dit voorafgegaan het. Daar is heelwat akademiese bydraes (uit verskillende dissiplines) wat daarop gemik is om OWS te verstaan in terme van hoe om dit te kategoriseer, die struktuur daarvan, die eise wat gestel is en die impak daarvan. Die doel van hierdie studie is om die hoofnavorsingsvraag te bespreek en analiseer, naamlik; is OWS ’n nuwe soort sosiale beweging? Die benadering wat gevolg word is om te fokus om organisatoriese strukture, politieke geleentheidstrukture and die globale verbintenisse van OWS. Die organisatoriese strukture het die meeste aandag gekry in die literatuur tot dusver, aangesien die organisasie ’n leierlose struktuur het. Besluite word deur middel van konsensus geneem en ondersteuning word gewerf van protesteerders uit ’n verskeidenheid van sosiale sfere. Hierdie protesteerders het opgedaag, protes aangeteken, en weer vertrek na willekeur. Die politieke en ekonomiese terkortkominge van die kapitalistiese stelsel in die VSA, waarin die politieke geleentheidstrukture van die beweging geanker is, was, sedert die Groot Depressie, nie so skynbaar dramaties nie. Die Finansiële Krisies wat in 2008 sy hoogtepunt bereik het, word gedefinieer nie alleen as ’n ekonomiese krisies nie,maar ook as ’n krisies van verteenwoordigende demokrasie. Daarby is daar bevind dat die globale protesbewegings wat in 2011 gedy het, soortgelyke kenmerke gehad het. Nieteenstaande die feit dat Tahrir in Egipte, 15M, die Griekse protes-aksies en OWS wel as uniek gesien kan word in terme van konteks, tyd en ruimte, is daar ooreenkomste in taktiek, metodes en fundamentele eise: deelnemende demokrasie en welvaart vir almal. Die slotsom waartoe die tesis kom is nie definitief nie. Eerder, is die gevolgtrekking dat daar teruggegaan moet word na vorige debatte wat onderskeid getref het tussen ou en nuwe sosiale bewegings, en ook na die literatuur oor die moontlikheid van ’n globale burgerlike samelewing. Wat wel vasstaan is dat ’n nuwe soort sosiale beweging verskyn het en weer gekwyn het, wat aspekte van vorige bewegings omvat maar ook in duidelike terme van hulle verskil. In die opsig is OWS nie ’n uitsondering nie, met nuwe taktiek, strukture en eise wat almal gevorm is binne die huidige konteks.
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Tjitemisa, Naftaline Meth. "The impact of the global financial crisis on the diamond supply chain : Namibia as a case study." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/8580.

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Thesis (MBA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2010.<br>Revenue derived from the sales of diamonds contributes significantly towards economic growth, with a GDP share of about 10 per cent. A significant decline in diamond revenue will therefore affect economic growth and contributes negatively to the socio-economic upliftment of the Namibian nation. A case in point was the effects of the global financial crisis on the diamond industry. This study aims to analyse the impact of the global financial crisis on the diamond industry supply chain in the Namibian context. The supply chain analysis involves the studying of the whole chain from the mining of the ore into the chain to the delivering of the rough diamond to the cutting and polishing factories. The main sectors involved in the supply chain are the supply sector which is involved in the extracting of the ore from open-cast, underground, alluvial and sea-bed mines, processing the ore into rough diamonds ready for sorting. The processing sector is involved with maximising the value by undertaking valuations and sorting, which determine the price that is paid for the stones and the presentation sorting which is the process whereby diamonds are prepared for sale in line with clients’ polished requirements. The demand sector is involved in the sales and marketing of the rough diamonds. The following areas have been focused on to analyse the sectors: 1. The market competitiveness, using Porter’s 5-force analysis. 2. A SWOT analysis to determine internal and external environments of the respective sectors. 3. Trend reviews of the activity in each sector for the years 2000–2009. 4. The causes and the responses to the impact of the global financial crisis on each of the sectors. The aim of the analysis is to create a deeper insight into the forces and the impact these forces are having on the rough diamond supply chain. The research revealed that the 2007–2009 global financial crisis had a negative impact on the levels of diamond production in Namibia and also on the economic growth and the living standards of a number of retrenched workers. The study further reveals that despite the negative effects of the global financial crisis, there are positive signs of economic recovery and employment creation.
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Killian, Tiffany Noel. "Teaching Points in Comparing the Great Depression to the 2008-2009 Recession in the United States." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2010. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc28442/.

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For an introductory macroeconomics course, the discussion of historical relevance helps foster important learning connections. By comparing the Great Depression to the 2008-2009 recession, a macroeconomics instructor can provide students with connections to history. This paper discusses the major causes of each recession, major fiscal policy and monetary policy decisions of both recessions, and the respective relevance in teaching the relationship of each policy to gross domestic product. The teaching points addressed in this paper are directed towards an introductory college-level macroeconomics course, incorporating a variety of theories from historical and economic writers and data from government and central bank sources. A lesson plan is included in an appendix to assist the instructor in implementing the material.
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Du, Lifang. "A simulation study of global model testing." View electronic thesis (PDF), 2009. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2009-3/rp/dul/lifangdu.pdf.

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Akinyode, Olufunmi Abimbola. "The impact of the 2008 economic recession on three residential property type investments: a case study of five diverse zip codes in Washington DC, USA." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/13332.

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Submitted by Olufunmi Abimbola Akinyode (olufunmi.akinyode2015@fgvmail.br) on 2015-01-27T17:46:28Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Olufunmi.pdf: 1103432 bytes, checksum: d8788e42fd2064560fd1035957664db9 (MD5)<br>Approved for entry into archive by Janete de Oliveira Feitosa (janete.feitosa@fgv.br) on 2015-02-04T19:21:23Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Olufunmi.pdf: 1103432 bytes, checksum: d8788e42fd2064560fd1035957664db9 (MD5)<br>Approved for entry into archive by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2015-02-12T12:07:36Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Olufunmi.pdf: 1103432 bytes, checksum: d8788e42fd2064560fd1035957664db9 (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2015-02-12T12:08:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Olufunmi.pdf: 1103432 bytes, checksum: d8788e42fd2064560fd1035957664db9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-10-31<br>There has been 47 recessions in the United States of America (US) since 1790. US recessions have increasingly affected economies of other countries in the world as nations become more and more interdependent on each other. The worst economic recession so far was the 'Great Depression' – an economic recession that was caused by the 1929 crash of the stock market in the US. The 2008 economic recession in the US was a result of the burst of the 'housing bubble' created by predatory lending. The economic recession resulted in increased unemployment (according to NBER 8.7 million jobs were lost from Feb. 2008 to Feb. 2010); decrease in GDP by 5.1%; increase in poverty level from 12.1% (2007) to 16.0% (2008) (NBER) This dissertation is an attempt to research the impact of the 2008 economic recession on different types of residential investments: a case study of five (5) diverse neighborhoods/zip codes in Washington DC, USA The main findings were that the effect of the 2008 economic depression on the different types of residential properties was dependent on the location of the property and the demographics/socio-economic factors associated with that location.
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Palling, Huusko Susanna. "Global Partnerships for Sustainable Development - a case study of the Global Deal for Decent Work and Inclusive Growth." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-361128.

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This thesis discusses global partnerships for sustainable development. Global partnerships have come to be considered as key tools for the implementation of certain international sustainable development goals and there is a growing literature on the subject. Nevertheless, no study has yet been done of the Global Deal Partnership for Decent Work and Inclusive Growth, initiated by the Government of Sweden in 2016. The partnership is presented as a concrete input to several of the Sustainable Development Goals, especially numbers 8, 10, and 17. This provides an important opportunity to make sense of the Global Deal partnership, in particular since it is the first attempt of its kind to unite all stakeholders on the global labour market to work together to provide decent work and inclusive growth for all. What are the goals of the Global Deal, how was it formed, and how is it being implemented? The analysis presented in this thesis is based on a literature survey, documentary analysis, and interviews with the Global Deal Partnership’s support unit at the Swedish Ministry for Foreign Affairs. This thesis argues that the Global Deal partnership is a textbook example of a global multi-stakeholder partnership, developed through an inclusive goal-setting process, and implemented with monitoring and reporting functions.
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Bjelkanovic, Boris. "Global politics and Sport : Positioning of the football club as a global actor inspired by global agendas of sustainable development; Case study of Malmö FF." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Malmö högskola, Institutionen för globala politiska studier (GPS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-18653.

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Canova, Natalia. "Understanding the impacts of the 2007-08 global financial crisis on Brazil's forest sector: a qualitative study." Thesis, McGill University, 2012. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=106595.

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Economic downturns are known to affect the management of natural resources and the environment. Although statistics and industry figures have revealed some impacts of the 2007-08 Global Financial Crisis (GFC), its dynamics and long term consequences for forest management, particularly in the context of South America, are unknown. Using qualitative research methods, combining grounded theory and case study analysis, this research aimed to better understand how the GFC impacted sustainable forest management (SFM) in Brazil through the experiences and perceptions of highly knowledgeable stakeholders. This was done with a view to providing a more holistic and integrated perspective on the GFC and to inform future policy and management processes. Findings from this study indicate that the GFC interacted with other political, social and environmental phenomena to produce both negative and positive impacts on SFM in Brazil. Negative impacts included: 1) restrained production of forest-based products; 2) declines in exports; and 3) reduced investments in non-market driven socio-environmental projects. Conversely, opportunities associated with the GFC included: 1) realizing competitive advantages in the plantation sector; 2) restrained deforestation in the Amazon Basin resulting from increased risk aversion and a decline in timber demand; and 3) support for third-party forest certification to maintain access to risk-averse markets. Traditional forest-based communities that often operate within informal economies were not seen as being heavily impacted by the GFC. This study represents a first step towards improving our knowledge on the relationships between economic downturns and sustainable forest management in Brazil.<br>Les ralentissements de l'activité économique sont connus pour affecter la gestion des resources naturelles. Bien que les statistiques et les données du domaine industriel ont revélé certains impacts de la Crise Globale Économique (CGE), ca dynamique et conséquences à long terme pour la gestion des forêts, en particulier en Amérique du Sud, sont inconnus. En utilisant des méthodes de recherche qualitatives, tout en combinant la théorie enracinée et l'étude de cas, cette recherche a pour objectif de comprendre comment la CGE a affecté la gestion soutenable des forêts au Brésil, au travers des expériences et perceptions de dépositaire bien informés. Ces méthodes ont été choisi pour donner une approche plus holistique et pour intégrer les perceptions sur la CGE dans le but d'informer les politiques futures et les procédures de gestions. Cette recherche montre que la CGE a interagit avec d'autre phenomene politique, sociales et environementales pour produire des effets positifs et negatifs sur la gestion soutenable des forêts au Brésil. Les impacts négatifs incluent: 1) une production resserrée de produits dérivés des forêts; 2) déclins des exports; et 3) investissements reduits dans les projets socio-économiques non visé au marche. Réciproquement, les avantages associés avec la CGE incluent: 1) réaliser des avantages compétitifs dans le secteur de forêts plantées; 2) déforestation retenu dans le bassin de l'Amazone resultant de l'aversion au risque et de la baisse de demande de bois et 3) support de tiers pour la certification forestière pour mantenir l'accès au marche. Les communautés forestières traditionnelles qui opèrent des économies informalles n'ont pas été autant touché par la CGE. Cette étude représente une première étape afin d'améliorer notre connaissance sur les relations entre récession économiques et la gestion soutenable des forêts au Brésil.
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Books on the topic "Global 2000 Study"

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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Governmental Affairs. Subcommittee on Governmental Efficiency and the District of Columbia. Global foresight capability of U.S. government: Joint hearing before the Subcommittee on Governmental Efficiency and the District of Columbia of the Committee on Governmental Affairs and the Committee on Environment and Public Works, United States Senate, Ninety-ninth Congress, first session, April 30, 1985. U.S. G.P.O., 1986.

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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Governmental Affairs. Subcommittee on Governmental Efficiency and the District of Columbia. Global foresight capability of U.S. government: Joint hearing before the Subcommittee on Governmental Efficiency and the District of Columbia of the Committee on Governmental Affairs and the Committee on Environment and Public Works, United States Senate, Ninety-ninth Congress, first session, April 30, 1985. U.S. G.P.O., 1986.

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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Governmental Affairs. Subcommittee on Governmental Efficiency and the District of Columbia. Global foresight capability of U.S. government: Joint hearing before the Subcommittee on Governmental Efficiency and the District of Columbia of the Committee on Governmental Affairs and the Committee on Environment and Public Works, United States Senate, Ninety-ninth Congress, first session, April 30, 1985. U.S. G.P.O., 1986.

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Barney, Gerald O. Global 2000 revisited: What shall we do? Millenium Institute, 1993.

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Arnopoulos, Paris. Mediterranean 2000: A systematic study of the regional prospects in a global perspective. Foundation for Mediterranean Studies, 1992.

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Global Investors' Meet (2000 Bangalore, India). A study report on the Global Investors' Meet held in Bangalore City in June, 2000. Institute of Parliamentary Affairs, 2000.

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Barney, Gerald O. Threshold 2000: Critical issues and spiritual values for a global age. Millennium Institute, 1999.

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Erdmann, Karl Dietrich. Toward a global community of historians: The International Historical Congresses and the International Committee of Historical Sciences 1898-2000. Berghahn Books, 2005.

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Workshop on Global Engineering Education (3rd 2000 Aachen University of Technology). Educating the engineer for the 21st century: Proceedings of the 3rd Workshop on Global Engineering Education, Aachen University of Technology, October 18-20, 2000. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2001.

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Nasir, Zafar Mueen. Economic and social impact of financial crisis on households: A case study of Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh and Nepal. Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, 2011.

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Book chapters on the topic "Global 2000 Study"

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Cataldo, Rosanna, Laura Antonucci, Corrado Crocetta, Maria Gabriella Grassia, and Marina Marino. "A bibliometric study of global research activity in relation to the use of partial least squares for policy evaluation." In Proceedings e report. Firenze University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-304-8.11.

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Structural equation modeling (SEM), especially partial least squares path modeling (PLS-PM) has become a mainstream method in many fields of research. In the last years it has been increasingly disseminated in a variety of disciplines. The researchers have been promoting this new statistical methods for the evaluation of policies. Generally, policy evaluation applies evaluation principles and methods to examine the content, implementation or impact of a policy. To better understand and characterize this trend, a bibliometric study of international papers on this subject has been developed in order to describe the use of SEM and PLS-PM approaches in the policy evaluation in the almost last 20 years. A total of 450 articles from 2000 to 2020 have been selected and analyzed in order to discover the research trends in this field and the main dimensions and words related to the terms “decision making” and “SEM-PLS” approach, that are most commonly employed in the scientific literature. The research has been conducted in theWeb of Science from ISI Web of Knowledge database and Scopus database, with the aim of identifying the major themes, authors, areas, types of the sources, titles, years of publication and countries of these publications, as well as the main themes related to the two topic analyzed
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Kondratova, Irina, and Ilia Goldfarb. "Cultural Interface Design: Global Colors Study." In On the Move to Meaningful Internet Systems 2006: OTM 2006 Workshops. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11915034_117.

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Gbode, Imoleayo E., Vincent O. Ajayi, Kehinde O. Ogunjobi, Jimy Dudhia, and Changhai Liu. "Impacts of Global Warming on West African Monsoon Rainfall." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_93.

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AbstractThe impacts of global warming on rainfall in West Africa were examined using a numerical framework for 5 monsoon years (2001, 2007, 2008, 2010, and 2011). Rainfall characteristics over the three climatic zones, Guinea coast, Savannah, and Sahel, were analyzed. The potential changes associated with global warming were assessed by the pseudo-global warming (PGW) downscaling method. Multiple PGW runs were conducted using climate perturbation from the 40-member ensemble of the Community Earth System Model version 1 (CESM1) coupled with Community Atmospheric Model version 5.2 (CAM5.2) component large ensemble project. The model output was compared with Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission and Global Precipitation Climatology Project rainfall alongside surface temperature from the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecast Reanalysis. Results show that the estimated rainfall amount from the future climate in the 2070s increases slightly compared with the current climate. The total rainfall amount simulated for the current climate is 16% and 63% less than that of the PGW runs and observations, respectively. Also found is an increase (decrease) in heavy (light and moderate) rainfall amount in the PGW runs. These results are, however, contingent on the global circulation model (GCM), which provides the boundary conditions of the regional climate model. CESM1.0-CAM5.2, the GCM employed in this study, tends to provide a greater surface temperature change of about 4 °C. This projected temperature change consequently caused the increase in the simulated precipitation in the PGW experiments, thus highlighting the advantage of using the PGW method to estimate the likely difference between the present and future climate with reduced large-scale model differences and computational resources. The findings of this study are, however, useful to inform decision-making in climate-related activities and guide the design of climate change adaptation projects for the West African region.
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Markel, Doron, Jitzchak Alster, and Michael Beyth. "The Red Sea–Dead Sea Conveyance Feasibility Study, 2008–2012." In Global Issues in Water Policy. Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5911-4_12.

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Zhou, Yingqi, and Xinjun Chen. "Notes of Study on Development Strategy of Chinese Fishery to 2030." In Alliance for Global Sustainability Bookseries. Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9914-3_17.

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Shimizu, Motoh, and Yuan Zheng. "Concept Model Study of Global Solar Electricity Network." In Proceedings of ISES World Congress 2007 (Vol. I – Vol. V). Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-75997-3_572.

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Eleftheratos, Kostas, Gunnar Myhre, Patrick Minnis, Ioannis Kapsomenakis, and Christos Zerefos. "Manmade Changes in Cirrus Clouds from 1984 to 2007: A Preliminary Study." In Energy, Transportation and Global Warming. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30127-3_61.

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Omidvar, Mohammad Nabi, and Xiaodong Li. "A Comparative Study of CMA-ES on Large Scale Global Optimisation." In AI 2010: Advances in Artificial Intelligence. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-17432-2_31.

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Lombardi, Mauro. "Un’era dominata da Grande Accelerazione, complessità, incertezza, ansietà." In Studi e saggi. Firenze University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-310-9.04.

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As early as 2007 Hibbard and other scholars have pointed out that that in a hyper-connected world innovation processes and cumulative feedbacks through population dynamics, energy, institutions, and political economies have triggered a complex dynamics involving the entire Earth-System. The global landscape is therefore characterized by hierarchical evolving systems, the result within which human decision making processes have to face uncertainty and anxiety, as knowledge is necessarily incomplete, fuzzy, and sometimes even wrong. As many scientists and scholars claim, a lesson can then drawn from nature: unceasingly develop learning and adaptation, enriched by purposeful research, experimentation and rationally founded imagination. I is just during critical phases that it is necessary to enlarge individual and collective knowledge endowment.
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Hossain, Syeda Sumbul, Yeasir Arafat, Tanvir Amin, and Touhid Bhuiyan. "Requirements Re-usability in Global Software Development: A Systematic Mapping Study." In Computational Science and Its Applications – ICCSA 2020. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58811-3_68.

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Conference papers on the topic "Global 2000 Study"

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de Jesus, Fagner L. A., Helio O. Trigueiro, Camila S. Gehrke, Fabiano Salvadori, and Leonardo T. da Costa. "Brazilian and global energy panorama — Comparative study of forecasts in the years 2000 to 2015 for the years 2015 to 2030." In 2018 Simposio Brasileiro de Sistemas Eletricos (SBSE) [VII Brazilian Electrical Systems Symposium (SBSE)]. IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sbse.2018.8395869.

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Bodereau, F., D. Baillargeat, S. Verdeyme, et al. "Global Electromagnetic Analysis Coupled with Stability Study to Help the Conception of an Active Module." In 30th European Microwave Conference, 2000. IEEE, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/euma.2000.338574.

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İşcan, İsmail Hakkı, and Yıldız Zeliha Hatipoğlu. "Russia's Free Market Perception and the Global Crisis." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c01.00134.

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The answer of why Russia is not affected from today’s global crisis, considerably, is crucial. Since 1990, Russia has been liberalizing its markets rapidly, has decreased implementations which are deterrent for open market significantly until these days. By 2000’s Russia, has entered to a new term in which economic profit and instrument depending on energy sources are commented as basic priorities and instruments at foreign policy. In this study Russia’s free market applications with this new era are dealt with and results of these applications are found out with the framework of 2008 global crisis.&#x0D;
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BEKTAŞ, Belkıs, and Özhan ÇETİNKAYA. "An Assessment of the Public Financial Indicators with Budget Data in Turkey: Review post- 2000." In Current Trends in Public Sector Research. Masaryk University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9646-2020-1.

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There have been changes in public financial indicators in Turkey after the year of 2000. In this paper, these changes were evaluated together with the budget data. In this context, this paper aims to reveal positive or negative effects of budget data on public financial indicators. The 2008 global financial crisis formed the external direction of the negativity in public financial indicators. In particular, before and after 2008, negative developments have been experienced in public financial indicators except for some years. The 2008 global financial economic crisis had also negative impacts on public financial indicators. Moreover, both general and local elections are a negative factor in public spending discipline in Turkey. Since the local elections, the ruling government has chosen extender budget policies as fiscal policies to win the elections. According to the findings of this study, it was determined that Turkey moved away from the Maastricht criteria after 2008, which stemmed from negative developments in budget data.
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Kazai Ónodi, Annamária, and Rita Répáczki. "Leadership characteristics that influence corporate efficiency." In The European Union’s Contention in the Reshaping Global Economy. Szegedi Tudományegyetem Gazdaságtudományi Kar, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/eucrge.2020.proc.4.

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Economic focus analysis alone cannot answer an organisation’s efficiency issues, as the soft attributes associated with management skills and leadership qualities are also important. According to transformational leadership theory (Bass–Avolio 1994, Bass 1990, Judge–Bono 2000, Bass–Bass 2008), there is a transformation between the manager and the subordinate, in which the two parties interact with and affect each other. A joint two-phase study was conducted to investigate the role of management in increasing corporate efficiency. As a first step, financial data of 1752 Hungarian manufacturing firms were analyzed. Companies were grouped according to their TFP (total factor productivity) (Juhász et al. 2020). As a second step, we linked a questionnaire survey to the preliminary TFP categorization. In our questionnaire research, we examined the individual characteristics, qualities, and specialties of leadership practices concerning the economic performance of the organizations. According to our findings, both the individual qualities of the leader and the characteristics of the leadership practice are decisive for the efficiency and results of the organization.
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Levent, Cüneyd Ebrar. "Increasing Transparency in Capital Markets after the Global Financial Crisis: The Case of Turkey." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c06.01267.

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The need for financial transparency is way beyond reducing fluctuations on financial markets, the protection of small investors or fighting against money laundering. Asian crisis in 1997, Dot-com bubble in 2000, company crises such as Enron and the global financial crisis in 2008 have shown that a crisis caused by the lack of transparency in companies might not only affect the company and its stakeholders in a negative way but also the country and the region the company is in. After the financial crisis of 2008 many countries made various arrangements in capital accounts about increasing transparency and accountability which was seen as one of the reason of the crisis in addition the short and long term precautions. Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act which came into force in the United States in July 2010 is one of the most significant arrangements. In this study, practices of increasing transparency in capital markets after global financial crisis have been discussed. In this context, in light of the new regulations and the Corporate Governance Principles, transparency and disclosure practices in Turkey have been examined. The results of these practices have been analyzed in the short term and its possible effects on capital markets, companies and shareholders have been discussed in the long term. Increasing transparency has been expected to help financial markets process more effectively and to provide benefits to all stakeholders.
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Özer, Ali, Adem Türkmen, and Bülent Diclehan Çadırcı. "An Analysis of the Effects of 2008 Global Crises on Transition Economies using Cluster Analysis." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c04.00748.

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In 2008 the global financial crisis on economic conjuncture had affected on not only developed and developing countries but also remarkably on transition economies. Effects of financial crisis in 2008 showed up impacts on developed countries in 2008, on the other hand, it is known that the reflection of crisis has emerged in 2009. In this study, it is examined that transition economies has moved different depends on time, additionally the phenomenon of facing crisis has followed heterogeneous patterns transition economies in 2009 the while transition economies has seemed as showing homogenous economic performances/movements on either specification or previously their structure. It is analysed in three cluster using classification of chosen countries. Among chosen countries, taking place in same cluster Belarus, Cambodia, Kazakhstan, Lao, Latonia, Lithuania, Romania and Russia between 2007 and 2010 have responded similar to both input and output of crisis. Moreover, the cluster for Kirgizstan, Macedonia and Moldova is determined as the most moving group between clusters and this group, which moved homogeneously within cluster, is affected on crisis differed from other countries. The cluster analysis has been investigated with 20 transition economies has appropriate data and it is determined that the relatively low level of current account economies has weak impact on the crisis contagion; while the exit from crisis is created stronger effects in the relatively high level of domestic savings economies.
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Karcıoğlu, Reşat, Ensar Ağırman, and Durmuş Yıldırım. "The Effects of the 2008 Financial Crisis on the Financial Performance of Turkish Manufacturing Companies." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c07.01561.

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The financial crisis of 2007-2010 also known as the Global Financial Crisis and 2008 financial crisis, was considered by many economists to be the worst financial crisis since the Great Depression of the 1930’s. It contributed to the failure of key businesses, declines in consumer wealth estimated in the trillions of U.S. dollars, substantial financial commitments incurred by governments, and a significant decline in economic activity. The financial crisis of 2007/08 which began in the United States had little impact on Turkish economy in the beginning stages. However, as a result of the economic downturn in global economics, Turkish economy has been also affected by its domino effect. &#x0D; The aim of this study is to characterize the impact of the 2008 global financial crisis on the financial performance of manufacturing companies listed on Borsa Istanbul, Turkey. Financial analysis will be conducted on 192 publicly listed manufacturing companies. Twelve financial ratios will be examined to determine the profitability, liquidity, activity, leverage and solvency of these companies over the period between 2006 and 2010. A data envelopment analysis will be applied to measure the performance of manufacturing firms before and after the financial crisis of 2008. Findings of this paper may be used by the managements to mitigate the effects and to enhance future performance of these companies have been uncovered. The analysis and observations will be invaluable to researchers intending to study how the manufacturing industry responds to a future slump in demand.&#x0D;
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Kang, T. G., M. K. Singh, P. D. Anderson, and H. E. H. Meijer. "Numerical Study on Mixing in a Chaotic Serpentine Mixer Using a Mapping Method." In ASME 2009 7th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icnmm2009-82060.

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We introduce a chaotic serpentine mixer (CSM), which is motivated by the three-dimensional serpentine channel [Liu et al., 2000, J. Microelectromech. Syst. 9, pp. 190–197], and demonstrate a systematic way of utilizing the mapping method [Singh et al., 2008, Microfluid Nanofluid 5, pp. 313–325] to find out an optimal set of design variables for the new mixer. The new mixer shows globally chaotic mixing even in the Stokes flow regime, while maintaining the benefits of the original design. One geometrical period of the mixer consists of two functional units, inducing two flow portraits with crossing streamlines. Each half period of the mixer consists of an “L-shaped” bend and a bypass channel. The two flow portraits may be either co-rotational or counter-rotational. As a preliminary study, first of all, mixing in the original serpentine channel has been analyzed to demonstrate the flow characteristics and to find out a critical Reynolds number showing chaotic mixing above the limit. The working principle of the newly proposed mixer is explained by the manifold of the deforming interface between two fluids. To optimize the mixer, we choose three key design variables: the sense of rotation of the two flows, the aspect ratio of the rectangular channel, and the lateral location of the bypass channel. Then, simulations for all possible combinations of the variables are carried out. At proper combinations of the variables, almost global chaotic mixing is observed in the creeping flow regime. The design windows, provided as a result of the parameter study, can be used to determine a proper set of the design variables to fit with a specific application. The deforming interface of the two fluids shows that, even in a poor mixer in Stokes flow regime, as the Reynolds number increases, more efficient mixing is resulted in due to the enhanced cross-sectional vertical motion and back flows near the bends.
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Lim, Young-Kwan, Jong-Ryeol Kim, Choong-Sub Jung, Joung Min Lee, and EuiSoon Yim. "Analytic Study of Lubricity of DME as Alternative Fuel." In ASME-JSME-KSME 2011 Joint Fluids Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ajk2011-23021.

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In recent years, there have been increased concerns for the global warming and the exhaustion of resources caused by the heavy consumption of the fossil fuel. For this reason, biomass has been brought to great attention as a renewable source of energy to mitigate the situation. In this particular area, DME (dimethyl ether) fuel produced from biomass, biogas, and coal is expected to be useful as one of the eco-friendly synthetic fuel alternatives to petrodiesel. Diesel engine need fuel lubricity due to their severe condition (high pressure and temperature) but DME have low lubricity. In this study, we developed the analytic system for DME lubricity test which is pressurized chambered tester. Also we synthesized various of biodisel from 12 kinds of vegetable oil under base catalyst system. Oxygen compounds definitely contributed to the natural lubricity of fuel, biodiesel have ester group which is polar oxygenated functional group. After prepared test system and biodiesel as lubricant, we analyzed the lubricity of neat DME, neat biodiesels and DME-lubricant blended (100 ppm to 2000 ppm) fuel.
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Reports on the topic "Global 2000 Study"

1

Baker, Justin S., Brent L. Sohngen, Sara Ohrel, and Allen A. Fawcett. Economic Analysis of Greenhouse Gas Mitigation Potential in the US Forest Sector. RTI Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2017.pb.0011.1708.

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This study conducted an economic analysis of future US forest mitigation potential using a detailed economic model of the global forestry sector. The scenario design included a wide range of possible future carbon price incentives and climate policy structures (unilateral and global mitigation). Results across all scenarios show US forest sector mitigation potential ranging from 54 to 292 MtCO2e between 2015 and 2030 (5 to 47 percent of the additional mitigation needed to achieve the 26 to 28 percent emissions reduction target). The results from this study suggest that the US forest sector can play an important role in global greenhouse gas mitigation efforts, including efforts to meet any potential future US mitigation targets.
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Nin Pratt, Alejandro, and Héctor Valdés Conroy. After the Boom: Agriculture in Latin America and the Caribbean. Inter-American Development Bank, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0002955.

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The convergence of a favorable macroeconomic environment and high prices of primary commodities between 2000 and 2011 contributed to the best performance of agriculture in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) since the 1980s, with steady growth of total factor productivity (TFP) and output per worker and a reduction in the use of input per worker. The end of the upward phase of the commodity cycle in 2011 together with less favorable external markets and a deterioration of the policy environment in several countries, motivates us to revisit the situation of agriculture in LAC in recent years to analyze how these changes have affected its performance. This study applies a framework that uses index numbers together with data envelopment analysis (DEA) to estimate levels of productivity and efficiency, incorporating technical change together with technical (TE) and environmental efficiency (EE) into the decomposition of TFP. The EE index adjusts the TFP measure for pollution, treating GHG emissions as a by-product of the desired crop or livestock outputs. TFP and efficiency of crop and livestock sub-sectors was calculated for 24 LAC countries from 2000 to 2016. Our results show that the period of fast agricultural growth in LAC, driven by technical change and resource reallocation, transformed agriculture in the region leaving it in a better position to cope with the more unfavorable regional macroeconomic environment and the less dynamic global markets observed after 2011.
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Olsen, Laurie, Kathryn Lindholm-Leary, Magaly Lavadenz, Elvira Armas, and Franca Dell'Olio. Pursuing Regional Opportunities for Mentoring, Innovation, and Success for English Learners (PROMISE) Initiative: A Three-Year Pilot Study Research Monograph. PROMISE INITIATIVE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.15365/ceel.seal2010.

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The Pursuing Regional Opportunities for Mentoring, Innovation, and Success for English Learners (PROMISE) Initiative Research Monograph is comprised of four sub-studies that took place between 2006 and 2009 to examine the effectiveness of the PROMISE Initiative across six implementing counties. Beginning in 2002, the superintendents of the six Southern California County Offices of Education collaborated to examine the pattern of the alarmingly low academic performance of English learners (EL) across Los Angeles, Orange, San Bernardino, San Diego, Riverside, and Ventura. Together, these six counties serve over one million EL students, more than 66% of the total EL population in the state of California, and close to 20% of the EL population in the nation. Data were compiled for the six counties, research on effective programs for ELs was shared, and a common vision for the success of ELs began to emerge. Out of this effort, the PROMISE Initiative was created to uphold a critical vision that ensured that ELs achieved and sustained high levels of proficiency, high levels of academic achievement, sociocultural and multicultural competency, preparation for successful transition to higher education, successful preparation as a 21st century global citizen, and high levels of motivation, confidence, and self-assurance. This report is organized into six chapters: an introductory chapter, four chapters of related studies, and a summary chapter. The four studies were framed around four areas of inquiry: 1) What is the PROMISE model? 2) What does classroom implementation of the PROMISE model look like? 3) What leadership skills do principals at PROMISE schools need to lead transformative education for ELs? 4) What impact did PROMISE have on student learning and participation? Key findings indicate that the PROMISE Initiative: • resulted in positive change for ELs at all levels including achievement gains and narrowing of the gap between ELs and non-ELs • increased use of research-based classroom practices • refined and strengthened plans for ELs at the district-level, and • demonstrated potential to enable infrastructure, partnerships, and communities of practice within and across the six school districts involved. The final chapter of the report provides implications for school reform for improving EL outcomes including bolstering EL expertise in school reform efforts, implementing sustained and in-depth professional development, monitoring and supporting long-term reform efforts, and establishing partnerships and networks to develop, research and disseminate efforts.
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Olsen, Laurie, Kathryn Lindholm-Leary, Magaly Lavadenz, Elvira Armas, and Franca Dell'Olio. Pursuing Regional Opportunities for Mentoring, Innovation, and Success for English Learners (PROMISE) Initiative: A Three-Year Pilot Study Research Monograph. PROMISE INITIATIVE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.15365/ceel.promise2010.

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The Pursuing Regional Opportunities for Mentoring, Innovation, and Success for English Learners (PROMISE) Initiative Research Monograph is comprised of four sub-studies that took place between 2006 and 2009 to examine the effectiveness of the PROMISE Initiative across six implementing counties. Beginning in 2002, the superintendents of the six Southern California County Offices of Education collaborated to examine the pattern of the alarmingly low academic performance of English learners (EL) across Los Angeles, Orange, San Bernardino, San Diego, Riverside, and Ventura. Together, these six counties serve over one million EL students, more than 66% of the total EL population in the state of California, and close to 20% of the EL population in the nation. Data were compiled for the six counties, research on effective programs for ELs was shared, and a common vision for the success of ELs began to emerge. Out of this effort, the PROMISE Initiative was created to uphold a critical vision that ensured that ELs achieved and sustained high levels of proficiency, high levels of academic achievement, sociocultural and multicultural competency, preparation for successful transition to higher education, successful preparation as a 21st century global citizen, and high levels of motivation, confidence, and self-assurance. This report is organized into six chapters: an introductory chapter, four chapters of related studies, and a summary chapter. The four studies were framed around four areas of inquiry: 1) What is the PROMISE model? 2) What does classroom implementation of the PROMISE model look like? 3) What leadership skills do principals at PROMISE schools need to lead transformative education for ELs? 4) What impact did PROMISE have on student learning and participation? Key findings indicate that the PROMISE Initiative: • resulted in positive change for ELs at all levels including achievement gains and narrowing of the gap between ELs and non-ELs • increased use of research-based classroom practices • refined and strengthened plans for ELs at the district-level, and • demonstrated potential to enable infrastructure, partnerships, and communities of practice within and across the six school districts involved. The final chapter of the report provides implications for school reform for improving EL outcomes including bolstering EL expertise in school reform efforts, implementing sustained and in-depth professional development, monitoring and supporting long-term reform efforts, and establishing partnerships and networks to develop, research and disseminate efforts.
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Wright, Kirsten. Collecting Plant Phenology Data In Imperiled Oregon White Oak Ecosystems: Analysis and Recommendations for Metro. Portland State University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/mem.64.

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Highly imperiled Oregon white oak ecosystems are a regional conservation priority of numerous organizations, including Oregon Metro, a regional government serving over one million people in the Portland area. Previously dominant systems in the Pacific Northwest, upland prairie and oak woodlands are now experiencing significant threat, with only 2% remaining in the Willamette Valley in small fragments (Hulse et al. 2002). These fragments are of high conservation value because of the rich biodiversity they support, including rare and endemic species, such as Delphinium leucophaeum (Oregon Department of Agriculture, 2020). Since 2010, Metro scientists and volunteers have collected phenology data on approximately 140 species of forbs and graminoids in regional oak prairie and woodlands. Phenology is the study of life-stage events in plants and animals, such as budbreak and senescence in flowering plants, and widely acknowledged as a sensitive indicator of environmental change (Parmesan 2007). Indeed, shifts in plant phenology have been observed over the last few decades as a result of climate change (Parmesan 2006). In oak systems, these changes have profound implications for plant community composition and diversity, as well as trophic interactions and general ecosystem function (Willis 2008). While the original intent of Metro’s phenology data-collection was to track long-term phenology trends, limitations in data collection methods have made such analysis difficult. Rather, these data are currently used to inform seasonal management decisions on Metro properties, such as when to collect seed for propagation and when to spray herbicide to control invasive species. Metro is now interested in fine-tuning their data-collection methods to better capture long-term phenology trends to guide future conservation strategies. Addressing the regional and global conservation issues of our time will require unprecedented collaboration. Phenology data collected on Metro properties is not only an important asset for Metro’s conservation plan, but holds potential to support broader research on a larger scale. As a leader in urban conservation, Metro is poised to make a meaningful scientific contribution by sharing phenology data with regional and national organizations. Data-sharing will benefit the common goal of conservation and create avenues for collaboration with other scientists and conservation practitioners (Rosemartin 2013). In order to support Metro’s ongoing conservation efforts in Oregon white oak systems, I have implemented a three-part master’s project. Part one of the project examines Metro’s previously collected phenology data, providing descriptive statistics and assessing the strengths and weaknesses of the methods by which the data were collected. Part two makes recommendations for improving future phenology data-collection methods, and includes recommendations for datasharing with regional and national organizations. Part three is a collection of scientific vouchers documenting key plant species in varying phases of phenology for Metro’s teaching herbarium. The purpose of these vouchers is to provide a visual tool for Metro staff and volunteers who rely on plant identification to carry out aspects of their job in plant conservation. Each component of this project addresses specific aspects of Metro’s conservation program, from day-to-day management concerns to long-term scientific inquiry.
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Heresi, Rodrigo. Reallocation and Productivity during Commodity Cycles. Inter-American Development Bank, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003203.

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I study the firm-level dynamic response of a commodity-exporting economy to global cycles in commodity prices. To do so, I develop a heterogeneous-firms model that endogenizes declines in aggregate productivity through reallocation towards less productive firms. Within a given sector, commodity booms reallocate market share away from exporters because of currency appreciation and away from capital-intensive firms because of the increase in capital cost. I provide empirical evidence for these channels using microdata for Chile, the worlds largest copper producer. When fed with the commodity super-cycle of 2003-2012, the calibrated model generates about 50% of the observed productivity decline.
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Bohorquez-Penuela, Camilo, and Mariana Urbina-Ramirez. Rising Staple Prices and Food Insecurity: The Case of the Mexican Tortilla. Banco de la República de Colombia, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/be.1144.

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We study the relationship between rising prices of tortillas---the Mexican staple par excellence---and household food insecurity between 2008 and 2014, a period in which global food prices experienced dramatic increases. The use of a unique combination of household-level data and official state-level information on prices allows us exploit signi cant variation in prices across the Mexican states. Since households cannot be tracked across time, we follow Deaton (1985) by constructing a series of pseudo-panels to control for time- invariant unobserved heterogeneity and measurement error. The regression estimates suggest that increasing tortilla prices affected food insecurity rates in Mexico. More speci cally, households with children or those in the second or third income quintile are more likely to be affected.
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Paving the Path: Preparing for Microbicide Introduction—Report of a Qualitative Study in South Africa. Population Council, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/hiv15.1011.

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With recently accelerated support for the development of microbicides to prevent HIV transmission and the urgency of the global AIDS epidemic, it is important to begin to identify strategies for introducing a microbicide once it is proven safe and effective and is approved for use. This report presents results from a qualitative study that explored a range of issues likely to influence microbicide introduction—positively or negatively—at three levels: community, health service, and policy. The study, which identified critical issues to be addressed in building support for microbicides and facilitating a smooth introduction, was conducted between September 2002 and September 2003 in Langa, a peri-urban site in the Western Cape Province of South Africa, and at national and provincial levels. Through in-depth interviews and focus group discussions, this study explored and identified issues that could facilitate or undermine access to and use of microbicides. Respondents included community members, health care providers and managers, provincial- and national-level government officials, and representatives from national and provincial nongovernmental organizations and health professional bodies that influence policy.
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Paving the Path: Preparing for Microbicide Introduction—Report of a Qualitative Study in South Africa [Executive Summary]. Population Council, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/hiv15.1010.

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With recently accelerated support for the development of microbicides to prevent HIV transmission and the urgency of the global AIDS epidemic, it is important to begin to identify strategies for introducing a microbicide once it is proven safe and effective and is approved for use. This executive summary presents results from a qualitative study that explored a range of issues likely to influence microbicide introduction at the community, health service, and policy levels. The study, which identified critical issues to be addressed in building support for microbicides and facilitating a smooth introduction, was conducted between September 2002 and September 2003 in Langa, a peri-urban site in the Western Cape Province of South Africa, and at national and provincial levels. Through in-depth interviews and focus group discussions, this study explored and identified issues that could facilitate or undermine access to and use of microbicides. Respondents included community members, health care providers and managers, provincial- and national-level government officials, and representatives from national and provincial nongovernmental organizations and health professional bodies that influence policy.
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Impact of COVID-­‑ on CAREC Aviation and Tourism. Asian Development Bank, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/spr210019-2.

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The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has had a devastating impact on global aviation as nearly all air travel came to a halt in late March and April 2020. In Central Asia, virtually all domestic and international air travel were suspended in an attempt to contain the spread of COVID-19. This crisis provides an opportunity to reset the aviation industry in Central Asia Regional Cooperation (CAREC) countries through reforms, new strategies, and restructurings. This study of the pandemic’s impact on CAREC and the aviation industry looks at the gravity of the situation, explores opportunities, and offers some recommendations for dealing with the crisis and facilitating a fast recovery.
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