Relevant bibliographies by topics / Global Atmospheric Research Programme

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
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Academic literature on the topic 'Global Atmospheric Research Programme'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Global Atmospheric Research Programme"

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Petrosyants, Andranik Melkonovich. "THE RESEARCH PROGRAMME OF THE GLOBAL ATMOSPHERIC PROCESSES." Economy. Business. Computer science, no. 3 (January 1, 2016): 169–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.19075/2500-2074-2016-3-169-174.

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Meehl, Gerald A. "Global Coupled General Circulation Models." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 76, no. 6 (June 1, 1995): 951–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0477-76.6.951.

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Major conclusions and recommendations regarding the status of global coupled general circulation models are presented here from a workshop convened by the World Climate Research Programme Steering Group on Global Coupled Modelling that was held from 10 to 12 October 1994 at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, California. The purpose of the workshop was to assess the current state of the art of global coupled modeling on the decadal and longer timescales in terms of methodology and results to identify the major issues and problems facing this activity and to discuss possible alternatives for making progress in light of these problems. This workshop brought together representatives from nearly every group in the world actively involved in formulating and running such models. After presentations by workshop participants, four working groups identified key issues involving 1) initialization and model spinup, 2) strategies and techniques for coupling of model components, 3) flux correction/adjustment, and 4) secular drift and systematic errors. The participants concluded that improved communication between those engaged in this activity will be important to enhance further progress. Consequently, the World Climate Research Programme intends to continue the support of internationally coordinated activities in global coupled modeling.
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Dipasquale, R. C., and C. H. Whitlock. "Global distribution of surface shortwave fluxes derived from satellite data for the world climate research programme." International Journal of Climatology 15, no. 9 (September 1995): 961–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/joc.3370150903.

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4

Fuzzi, S., M. O. Andreae, B. J. Huebert, M. Kulmala, T. C. Bond, M. Boy, S. J. Doherty, et al. "Critical assessment of the current state of scientific knowledge, terminology, and research needs concerning the role of organic aerosols in the atmosphere, climate, and global change." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 5, no. 6 (November 16, 2005): 11729–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-5-11729-2005.

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Abstract. In spite of impressive advances in recent years, our present understanding of organic aerosol (OA) composition, physical and chemical properties, sources and transformation characteristics is still rather limited, and their environmental effects remain highly uncertain. Therefore, the three atmosphere-related projects of the International Geosphere Biosphere Programme (IGBP) – IGAC (International Global Atmospheric Chemistry Project), iLEAPS (Integrated Land Ecosystem Atmosphere Process Study) and SOLAS (Surface Ocean-Lower Atmosphere Study) – organised a workshop with the specific goal of discussing and prioritizing issues related to organic aerosol and their effects on atmospheric processes and climate, providing a basis for future collaborative activities at the international level. Four main topical areas were addressed: (a) sources of OA; (b) formation and transformation of OA; (c) physical and chemical state of OA; (d) atmospheric modelling of OA. Key questions and research priorities regarding these four areas have been synthesized in this paper, and outstanding issues for future research are presented for each topical area. In addition, an effort is made to formulate a basic set of consistent and universally applicable terms and definitions for coherent description of atmospheric OA across different scientific scales and disciplines. In fact, the terminologies used in the past and present scientific literature are not always consistent, and this may lead to misunderstandings and confusion in the communication between specialists from different disciplines and potentially inhibit or retard scientific progress.
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Pearman, Graeme I., Paul J. Fraser, and John R. Garratt. "CSIRO High-precision Measurement of Atmospheric CO2 Concentration in Australia. Part 2: Cape Grim, Surface CO2 Measurements and Carbon Cycle Modelling." Historical Records of Australian Science 28, no. 2 (2017): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hr17015.

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A companion paper discusses the history of, and rationale for, the development of a CSIRO programme of atmospheric carbondioxide (CO2) concentration measurements in Australia based on aircraft air sampling, field and laboratory measurements.1 Here, we describe parallel efforts to establish a permanent, ground-based atmospheric Baseline Station at Cape Grim, north-west Tasmania, the political activity required for its establishment, and the work undertaken to select a site commensurate with its long-term objectives. Additional CO2 measurements undertaken to complement the aircraft and Cape Grim measurements are discussed. The development of the Australian Baseline Station was part of an emerging international effort to obtain high-precision measurements of trace gas and aerosol composition of the atmosphere, and to quantify any changes in composition that might be occurring and their possible impact on global climate.We discuss the early development of global carbon cycle models, including the representations of atmospheric transport, and the interpretation of modern atmospheric CO2 data and historic air samples encapsulated in Antarctic ice and firn. The accumulated knowledge from these research activities, together with that collected by international colleagues, forms the basis of our understanding of changes occurring in CO2 concentration. It has contributed to an understanding of the mechanisms of the past and present biogeochemical cycling of CO2, providing predictions of future changes in CO2 concentration.
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Lawford, R. G., R. Stewart, J. Roads, H. J. Isemer, M. Manton, J. Marengo, T. Yasunari, S. Benedict, T. Koike, and S. Williams. "Advancing Global-and Continental-Scale Hydrometeorology: Contributions of GEWEX Hydrometeorology Panel." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 85, no. 12 (December 1, 2004): 1917–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/bams-85-12-1917.

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Over the past 9 years, the Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment (GEWEX), under the auspices of the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP), has coordinated the activities of the Continental Scale Experiments (CSEs) and other related research through the GEWEX Hydrometeorology Panel (GHP). The GHP contributes to the WCRP'S objective of “developing the fundamental scientific understanding of the physical climate system and climate processes [that is] needed to determine to what extent climate can be predicted and the extent of man's influence on climate.” It also contributes to more specific GEWEX objectives, such as determining the hydrological cycle and energy fluxes, modeling the global hydrological cycle and its impacts, developing a capability to predict variations in global and regional hydrological processes, and fostering the development of observing techniques, data management and assimilation systems. GHP activities include diagnosis, simulation, and experimental prediction of regional water balances and process and modeling studies aimed at understanding and predicting the variability of the global water cycle, with an emphasis on regional coupled land–atmosphere processes. GHP efforts are central to providing a scientific basis for assessing critical science issues, such as the consequences of climate change for the intensification of the global hydrological cycle and its potential impacts on regional water resources. This article provides an overview of the role and evolution of the GHP and describes scientific issues that the GHP is seeking to address in collaboration with the international science community.
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Saikawa, E., M. Rigby, R. G. Prinn, S. A. Montzka, B. R. Miller, L. J. M. Kuijpers, P. J. B. Fraser, et al. "Global and regional emission estimates for HCFC-22." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 12, no. 21 (November 1, 2012): 10033–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-10033-2012.

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Abstract. HCFC-22 (CHClF2, chlorodifluoromethane) is an ozone-depleting substance (ODS) as well as a significant greenhouse gas (GHG). HCFC-22 has been used widely as a refrigerant fluid in cooling and air-conditioning equipment since the 1960s, and it has also served as a traditional substitute for some chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) controlled under the Montreal Protocol. A low frequency record on tropospheric HCFC-22 since the late 1970s is available from measurements of the Southern Hemisphere Cape Grim Air Archive (CGAA) and a few Northern Hemisphere air samples (mostly from Trinidad Head) using the Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment (AGAGE) instrumentation and calibrations. Since the 1990s high-frequency, high-precision, in situ HCFC-22 measurements have been collected at these AGAGE stations. Since 1992, the Global Monitoring Division of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/Earth System Research Laboratory (NOAA/ESRL) has also collected flasks on a weekly basis from remote sites across the globe and analyzed them for a suite of halocarbons including HCFC-22. Additionally, since 2006 flasks have been collected approximately daily at a number of tower sites across the US and analyzed for halocarbons and other gases at NOAA. All results show an increase in the atmospheric mole fractions of HCFC-22, and recent data show a growth rate of approximately 4% per year, resulting in an increase in the background atmospheric mole fraction by a factor of 1.7 from 1995 to 2009. Using data on HCFC-22 consumption submitted to the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), as well as existing bottom-up emission estimates, we first create globally-gridded a priori HCFC-22 emissions over the 15 yr since 1995. We then use the three-dimensional chemical transport model, Model for Ozone and Related Chemical Tracers version 4 (MOZART v4), and a Bayesian inverse method to estimate global as well as regional annual emissions. Our inversion indicates that the global HCFC-22 emissions have an increasing trend between 1995 and 2009. We further find a surge in HCFC-22 emissions between 2005 and 2009 from developing countries in Asia – the largest emitting region including China and India. Globally, substantial emissions continue despite production and consumption being phased out in developed countries currently.
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Batté, Lauriane, Constantin Ardilouze, and Michel Déqué. "Forecasting West African Heat Waves at Subseasonal and Seasonal Time Scales." Monthly Weather Review 146, no. 3 (March 1, 2018): 889–907. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-17-0211.1.

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Abstract Early indication of an increased risk of extremely warm conditions could help alleviate some of the consequences of severe heat waves on human health. This study focuses on boreal spring heat wave events over West Africa and the Sahel and examines the long-range predictability and forecast quality of these events with two coupled forecasting systems designed at Météo-France, both based on the CNRM-CM coupled global climate model: the operational seasonal forecasting System 5 and the experimental contribution to the World Weather Research Programme/World Climate Research Programme (WWRP/WCRP) subseasonal-to-seasonal (S2S) project. Evaluation is based on past reforecasts spanning 22 years, from 1993 to 2014, compared to reference data from reanalyses. On the seasonal time scale, skill in reproducing interannual anomalies of heat wave duration is limited at a gridpoint level but is significant for regional averages. Subseasonal predictability of daily humidity-corrected apparent temperature drops sharply beyond the deterministic range. In addition to reforecast skill measures, the analysis of real-time forecasts for 2016, both in terms of anomalies with respect to the reforecast climatology and using a weather-type approach, provides additional insight on the systems’ performance in giving relevant information on the possible occurrence of such events.
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Takahashi, Ken. "The Global Hydrological Cycle and Atmospheric Shortwave Absorption in Climate Models under CO2 Forcing." Journal of Climate 22, no. 21 (November 1, 2009): 5667–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2009jcli2674.1.

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Abstract The spread among the predictions by climate models for the strengthening of the global hydrological cycle [i.e., the global mean surface latent heat flux (LH), or, equivalently, precipitation] at a given level of CO2-induced global warming is of the same magnitude as the intermodel mean. By comparing several climate models from the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 3 (CMIP3) database under idealized CO2 forcings, it is shown that differences in the increase in global atmospheric shortwave heating (SWabs) induced by clear-sky absorption, presumably by water vapor, partly explains this spread. The increases in SWabs and LH present similar spreads across models but are anticorrelated, so the sum SWabs + LH increases more robustly than either alone. This is consistent with a recently proposed theory (Takahashi) that predicts that this sum (or, equivalently, the net longwave divergence minus the surface sensible heat flux) is constrained by energy conservation and robust longwave physics. The intermodel scatter in SWabs changes is explained neither by differences in the radiative transfer models nor in intermodel differences in global water vapor content change, but perhaps by more subtle aspects of the changes in the water vapor distribution. Nevertheless, the fact that the radiative transfer models generally underestimate the increase in SWabs relative to the corresponding line-by-line calculation for a given change in water vapor content suggests that the climate models might be overestimating the rate of increase in the global hydrological cycle with global warming.
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Vitart, F., C. Ardilouze, A. Bonet, A. Brookshaw, M. Chen, C. Codorean, M. Déqué, et al. "The Subseasonal to Seasonal (S2S) Prediction Project Database." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 98, no. 1 (January 1, 2017): 163–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-16-0017.1.

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Abstract Demands are growing rapidly in the operational prediction and applications communities for forecasts that fill the gap between medium-range weather and long-range or seasonal forecasts. Based on the potential for improved forecast skill at the subseasonal to seasonal time range, the Subseasonal to Seasonal (S2S) Prediction research project has been established by the World Weather Research Programme/World Climate Research Programme. A main deliverable of this project is the establishment of an extensive database containing subseasonal (up to 60 days) forecasts, 3 weeks behind real time, and reforecasts from 11 operational centers, modeled in part on the The Observing System Research and Predictability Experiment (THORPEX) Interactive Grand Global Ensemble (TIGGE) database for medium-range forecasts (up to 15 days). The S2S database, available to the research community since May 2015, represents an important tool to advance our understanding of the subseasonal to seasonal time range that has been considered for a long time as a “desert of predictability.” In particular, this database will help identify common successes and shortcomings in the model simulation and prediction of sources of subseasonal to seasonal predictability. For instance, a preliminary study suggests that the S2S models significantly underestimate the amplitude of the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) teleconnections over the Euro-Atlantic sector. The S2S database also represents an important tool for case studies of extreme events. For instance, a multimodel combination of S2S models displays higher probability of a landfall over the islands of Vanuatu 2–3 weeks before Tropical Cyclone Pam devastated the islands in March 2015.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Global Atmospheric Research Programme"

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Porter, William Christian. "Community Earth System Model: Implementation, Validation, and Applications." PDXScholar, 2012. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/547.

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The Community Earth System Model (CESM) is a coupling of five different models which are combined to simulate the dynamic interactions between and within the Earth's atmosphere, ocean, land, land-ice, and sea-ice. In this work, the installation and testing of CESM on Portland State University's Cluster for Climate Change and Aerosol Research (CsAR) is described and documented, and two research applications of the model are performed. First, the improved treatment of cloud microphysics within recent versions of CESM's atmospheric module is applied to an examination of changes in shortwave cloud forcing (SWCF) and results are compared to output from older versions of the model. Second, the CESM model is applied to an examination of the effect that increased methane (CH4) concentrations have had on the catalytic destruction of stratospheric ozone (O3) by ozone depleting compounds (ODCs) such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and nitrous oxide (N2O).
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Barkley, Hannah Catherine. "A scientific framework for evaluating coral reef resilience to climate change." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/107209.

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Thesis: Ph. D., Joint Program in Oceanography/Applied Ocean Science and Engineering (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences; and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution), 2016.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references.
The 21st century warming and acidification of tropical oceans will impact the structure and function of coral reef ecosystems. Consequently, conservation efforts are increasingly focused on identifying and protecting reef communities that demonstrate resilience to these changes. In this thesis, I develop a scientific framework for identifying climate change resilience in coral communities and, using Palau's coral reefs as a case study, demonstrate the application of this approach. First, I use coral skeletal records to evaluate the sensitivity of coral communities to episodes of severe thermal stress. This information reveals coral reef communities that consistently exhibit weak responses to multiple high temperature events. Second, I evaluate coral reef community structure across a strong, natural pH gradient using metrics informed by laboratory ocean acidification studies. The coral communities of Palau's Rock Island reefs show a level of pH tolerance that is unique amongst reefs studied to date. Third, I conduct laboratory and field experiments to constrain the pH thresholds of these resilient corals and investigate potential mechanisms for pH tolerance. Finally, I combine archipelago-wide coral temperature and pH sensitivity data to construct climate change resilience indices. My study succeeds in identifying a small number of coral communities that have the potential to withstand 2 1st century climate change and highlights the spatial variability in community responses to ocean warming and acidification. Critically, I present a set of scientific tools and approaches for identifying resilient coral reef communities that has applicability to coral reefs worldwide.
by Hannah Catherine Barkley.
Ph. D.
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3

Kumar, Vijay. "Installation and Operation of Air-Sea Flux Measuring System on Board Indian Research Ships." Thesis, 2017. http://etd.iisc.ernet.in/2005/3778.

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Exchange of mass (water vapor), momentum, and energy between atmosphere andocean has profound influence on weather and climate. This exchange takes place at the air-sea interface, which is part of the marine atmospheric boundary layer. Various empirical relations are being used for estimating these fluxes in numericalweather and climate models but their accuracies are not sufficiently verified or tested over the Indian Ocean. The main difficulty is that vast areas of open oceans are not easily accessible. The marine environment is very corrosive and unattended long term and accurate measurements are extremely expensive. India has research ships that spend most of their time over the seas around India but that opportunity is yet to be exploited. To address this, an air-sea flux measurement system for operation on board research ships was planned. The system was tested on board Indian Research Vessels ORV SagarKanya during its cruise SK-296 in the Bay of Bengal (BoB) in July-August 2012, and NIO ship Sindhu Sadhana in June-July 2016. The complete set included instruments for measuring wind velocity, windspeed and direction, air and water temperature, humidity, pressure, all components of radiation and rainfall. In addition, ship motion was recorded at required sampling rate to correct for wind velocity. The set up facilitates the direct computation of sensible and latent heat fluxes using the eddy covariance method. In this thesis, design and installation of meteorological and ship motion sensors onboard research ships, data collection and quality control, computation of fluxes of heat, moisture and momentum using eddy covariance method and their comparison with those derived from bulk method are described. A set of sensors (hereafter, flux measuring system) were mounted on a retractable boom, ~7 m long forward of the bow to minimize the flow disturbance caused by the ship superstructures. The wind observed in the ship frame was corrected for ship motion contaminations. During the CTCZ cruise period true mean wind speed was over 10 m/s and true wind direction was South/South-Westerly. True windspeedis computed combiningdata from the anemometer a compass connected to AWS and a GPS. Turbulent fluxes were computed from motion-corrected time-series of high frequency velocity, water vapor, and air temperature data. Covariance latent heat flux, sensible heat flux, and wind stress were obtained by cross-correlating the motion-corrected vertical velocity with fast humidity fluctuations measured with anIR hygrometer, temperate fluctuation from sonic anemometer and motion-corrected horizontal windfluctuations from sonic anemometer, respectively. During the first attempt made in July-August 2012 as part of a cruise of CTCZ monsoonresearch program, observations were mainly taken in the North Bay of Bengal. The mean air-temperature and surface pressure were ~28 Deg C and ~998 hPa, respectively. Relative humidity was ~80%. Average wind speed varied in the range 4-12 m/s. The mean latent heat flux was 145 W/m2 , sensible heat flux was ~3 W/m2 and average sea-air temperature difference was ~ 0.7°C. The Bay of Bengal boundary layer experiment (BoBBLE) was conducted during June-July 2016 and the NIO research ship Sindhu Sadhana was deployed. The same suite of sensors installed during CTCZ were used during BoBBLE. During daytime, peaks of hourly net heat fluxes (Qnet ) were around 600 Wm-2(positive if into the sea), whereas, night time values were around -250 W m-2. Sea surface temperature was always >28°C and maximum air temperature exceeded 29°C. During the experimental period the mean Qnet was around -24 Wm-2 from both eddy covariance and conventional bulk methods, but there are significant differences on individual days.The new flux system gives fluxes which are superior to what was available before.
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4

Mc, Sween-Cadieux Esther. "Évaluation de stratégies de transfert de connaissances mises en œuvre dans le cadre du programme Équité-Santé au Burkina Faso." Thèse, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/22686.

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L’utilisation des connaissances issues de la recherche (CIR) est primordiale pour informer les politiques, les interventions et les pratiques en santé, spécialement dans les pays à faible revenu où les indicateurs de santé des populations sont toujours inquiétants. Toutefois, encore peu d’études ont été réalisées pour mieux comprendre comment favoriser le transfert et l’utilisation de ces connaissances, spécialement en Afrique de l’Ouest. La présente thèse vise donc à faire avancer les connaissances en évaluant différentes stratégies de transfert de connaissances (TC) en santé publique mises en œuvre au Burkina Faso dans le cadre du programme de recherche Équité-Santé (2012-2017). Ces stratégies de TC visaient à créer des opportunités d’échanges entre les chercheurs et les utilisateurs potentiels des CIR et ainsi, réduire l’écart entre les connaissances issues de la recherche en santé et leur utilisation. Trois stratégies de TC distinctes ont été étudiées soit 1) un atelier de dissémination de la recherche, 2) un atelier incluant un processus délibératif et 3) une stratégie de courtage de connaissances. Elles ont impliqué une diversité d’acteurs tels que des chercheurs, des décideurs, des professionnels de santé et des représentants d’organisations non-gouvernementales et de la société civile. Une évaluation de la mise en œuvre et des effets a été réalisée pour les deux ateliers et une évaluation des processus de mise en œuvre a été conduite pour la stratégie de courtage de connaissances, étant donné l’arrêt de l’initiative plus tôt que prévu. Les activités d’évaluation ont mobilisé des approches méthodologiques complémentaires et divers outils pour collecter les données (entretiens qualitatifs, questionnaires d’évaluation et observations sur le terrain). Les résultats montrent que les stratégies de TC ont été appréciées par les acteurs car elles ont permis l’apprentissage de nouvelles connaissances et ont représenté une opportunité importante de réseautage afin d’apprendre les uns des autres. Cependant, ces différentes expériences ont mis en lumière plusieurs enjeux tels que le pouvoir décisionnel des acteurs parfois limité, la présence déficiente des décideurs politiques aux activités ainsi que les ressources et incitatifs organisationnels souvent restreints. La présence d’un leadership fort pour assurer une mise en œuvre efficace, le renforcement des relations de partenariat, le développement des compétences en communication et la possibilité d’offrir un accompagnement à long terme aux acteurs représentent également des défis importants pour assurer une mise en œuvre efficace des activités de transfert de connaissances. Davantage d’études sont nécessaires pour mettre en œuvre des stratégies de TC et évaluer leur efficacité. En se basant sur les résultats de la thèse, certaines recommandations générales peuvent être formulées. Par exemple, il apparait important que les stratégies de TC soient en cohérence avec les besoins et ressources des milieux, qu’elles visent le renforcement des capacités et incluent un processus évaluatif en temps réel afin que les stratégies soient adaptées au contexte. En conclusion, la thèse contribue à l’avancement des connaissances sur le TC en santé mondiale en proposant un modèle conceptuel à expérimenter pour guider le développement et la mise en œuvre des stratégies de TC.
The use of research-based evidence (RBE) is essential for informing health policies, programs and practices, especially in low-income countries where population health indicators are still alarming. However, there are still few studies to understand how to improve knowledge translation (KT) processes and research utilisation, especially in West Africa. Thus, this thesis aims to advance the body of knowledge by evaluating different KT strategies in public health implemented in Burkina Faso as part of a research program Équité-Santé (2012-2017). These KT strategies were intended to create exchange opportunities between researchers and potential RBE users and thus reduce the gap between health research knowledge and its use. Three different KT strategies were studied: 1) a research dissemination workshop, 2) a deliberative workshop and 3) a knowledge brokering strategy. They involved a diversity of health system actors such as researchers, policymakers, health professionals and representatives of non-governmental organizations and civil society. An evaluation of the implementation and effects was conducted for both workshops and only an evaluation of the implementation process was conducted for the knowledge brokering strategy, because the initiative came to an early end. Complementary methodological approaches were mobilized during evaluation and different data collection tools were used (qualitative interviews, evaluation questionnaires and field observations). The evaluation results show that stakeholders have appreciated the KT strategies because they learned new knowledge and had a networking opportunity to learn from each other. However, these experiences have brought to light several issues such as the actors’ limited decision-making authority, weak engagement of political actors as well as scarce resources and organizational incentives. The presence of a strong leadership during implementation, partnership synergy, continuous communication skills’ development and long-term support to stakeholder also represent important challenges to assure an effective implementation of KT strategies. More studies are needed to implement KT strategies and evaluate their effectiveness. Based on the results, some general recommendations can be made. For example, it appears important that KT strategies are in line with stakeholders’ needs and resources, facilitate capacity building and include a real-time evaluative process to enable KT strategies to be constantly adapted to the implementation context. In conclusion, the thesis contributes to the advancement of knowledge about KT in global health by proposing a conceptual model to be considered and experimented during KT development and implementation.
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5

Elimi, Ibrahim O. "An estimate of carbon footprint of Ekurhuleni Health District office and provincial clinic employees." Diss., 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/23723.

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Climate change is regarded as the greatest threat facing the world today. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) concluded that climate change is caused by human activities, as a result of greenhouse gases (GHGs) being emitted into the atmosphere. Scientific literature on the impact of climate change is well documented, especially for the health sector. The mission of the Gauteng Department of Health (GDoH) is to “contribute towards the reduction of the burden of diseases in all the communities in Gauteng”. Ekurhuleni Health District is part of GDoH and shares a similar mission. However, this mission is under threat due to the direct and indirect impact of climate change on the public health sector. Therefore, it is essential for Ekurhuleni Health District and Provincial Clinics to take measures to reduce their contribution to climate change in the light of improving the health of their constituent. This study estimates the carbon footprint of the employees of Ekurhuleni Health District and Provincial Clinics and determines the knowledge and perception of climate change among managers and operational employees. The methodologies of the Greenhouse Gas Protocol (GHGP) and the Department of Environmental Forestry and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) were used to quantify the carbon footprints of the employees of the Ekurhuleni Health District and Provincial Clinics. A content analysis was applied to determine the knowledge and perception of climate change. The study revealed that Scope 2, indirect emissions (electricity), accounts for 92% (35150 t CO2e) of the total carbon footprints for the period of five years, 2010-2014. Scope 1, direct emission (vehicles), is responsible for 4% (1362 t CO2e) and Scope 3, indirect emissions for ICT, for 2% (862 t CO2e), office paper 1% (181 t CO2e) and air conditioners 1% (458 t CO2e). The majority of employees demonstrated basic knowledge of climate change. However, the concept of GHGs was unfamiliar to most of the employees. In terms of perceptions of climate change, the majority of employees were concerned about the future of the planet and climate change and believed that climate change will impact their job description. The study recommends the following mitigation measures, among others, to reduce carbon footprints: (1) electrical vehicles; (2) substituting personal desktops with laptops; and (3) substituting HFC-23 air conditioner refrigerant with R410A. These recommendations have the potential to reduce the carbon emissions by 2445 t CO2e for the period of five (5) years and save R7 875 089 from fuel and power consumption. Furthermore, the District Office and Provincial Clinics can generate a revenue of R293 400 by registering for a CMD project for five years or R1 173 600 for the duration of the project (20 years).
Environmental Sciences
M. Sc. (Environmental Management)
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Books on the topic "Global Atmospheric Research Programme"

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THORPEX: A Global Atmospheric Research Programme. THORPEX, A Global Atmospheric Research Programme: Accelerating improvements in the accuracy of one-day to two-week high-impact weather forecasts for the benefit of society, the economy, and the environment. Geneva, Switzerland: World Meteorological Organization, 2004.

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2

name, No. Atmospheric chemistry in a changing world: An integration and synthesis of a decade of tropospheric chemistry research : the International Global Atmospheric Chemistry Project of the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2003.

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3

United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science. U.S. global change research programs: Data collection and scientific priorities : hearing before the Committee on Science, U.S. House of Representatives, One Hundred Fourth Congress, second session, March 6, 1996. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1996.

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Science, United States Congress House Committee on. U.S. global change research programs: Data collection and scientific priorities : hearing before the Committee on Science, U.S. House of Representatives, One Hundred Fourth Congress, second session, March 6, 1996. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1996.

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United, States Congress House Committee on Science Space and Technology. Global change research: Science and policy : hearing before the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology, U.S. House of Representatives, One Hundred Third Congress, first session, May 19, 1993. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1993.

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Global climate change: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Human Rights and International Organizations of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, House of Representatives, One Hundred First Congress, first session, October 26, 1989. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1990.

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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Foreign Affairs. Subcommittee on Human Rights and International Organizations. Global climate change: Hearing before the Subcommittees on Human Rights and International Organizations of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, House of Representatives, One Hundred First Congress, first session, October 26, 1989. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1990.

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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Foreign Affairs. Subcommittee on Human Rights and International Organizations. Global climate change: Hearing before the Subcommittees on Human Rights and International Organizations of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, House of Representatives, One Hundred First Congress, first session, October 26, 1989. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1990.

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Fiscal year 2000 climate change budget authorization request: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Energy and Environment of the Committee on Science, House of Representatives, One Hundred Sixth Congress, first session, April 14, 1999. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1999.

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Fiscal year 2001 climate change budget authorization request: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Energy and Environment of the Committee on Science, House of Representatives, One Hundred Sixth Congress, second session, March 9, 2000. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2001.

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Book chapters on the topic "Global Atmospheric Research Programme"

1

McBean, Gordon. "World Climate Research Programme." In Global Environmental Change, 189–97. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76067-9_13.

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Metz, N. "Results of the European Auto-Oil Programme: Effects of Future European Exhaust Emissions from Road Transport on the Air Quality of European Cities." In Atmospheric Environmental Research, 79–102. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-58382-7_5.

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Crutzen, P. J. "Global Problems of Atmospheric Chemistry — The Story of Man’s Impact on Atmospheric Ozone." In Atmospheric Environmental Research, 3–30. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-58382-7_1.

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Brasseur, Guy P., Will Steffen, and Claire Granier. "Atmospheric Composition and Surface Exchanges." In Advances in Global Change Research, 1–15. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-2167-1_1.

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Möller, D. "An Example for a Man-Made Induced Feedback on the Global Oxidation Capacity: The Possible Increase of Atmospheric H2O2 Concentrations." In Atmospheric Environmental Research, 43–48. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-58382-7_3.

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White, James C., William Wagner, and Carole N. Beal. "Panel Discussion: Research Priorities." In Global Atmospheric Change and Public Health, 235–59. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0443-9_18.

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Farrell, Michael P., Paul Kanciruk, and Frederick M. O’Hara. "Information Needs and Research Priorities." In Global Atmospheric Change and Public Health, 217–34. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0443-9_17.

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Reeves, Claire E., Derek M. Cunnold, Richard G. Derwent, Edward Dlugokencky, Sandrine Edouard, Claire Granier, Richard Ménard, Paul Novelli, and David Parrish. "Determination of emissions from observations of atmospheric compounds." In Advances in Global Change Research, 427–76. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-2167-1_11.

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Olivier, J. G. J., A. F. Bouwman, C. W. M. van der Maas, and J. J. M. Berdowski. "Emission Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR)." In Non-CO2 Greenhouse Gases: Why and How to Control?, 93–106. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0982-6_8.

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Kraigher, Hojka, Marko Bajc, Gregor Božič, Robert Brus, Kristjan Jarni, and Marjana Westergren. "Forests, Forestry and the Slovenian Forest Genetic Resources Programme." In Advances in Global Change Research, 29–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95267-3_3.

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Conference papers on the topic "Global Atmospheric Research Programme"

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"6th Symposium for Research in Protected Areas - Conference Volume." In Global Change Programme. Wien: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1553/np_symposium2017s1.

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Liu, Yun, Xinjian Liu, Hong Li, Sheng Fang, Yawei Mao, and Jingyuan Qu. "Research on Source Inversion for Nuclear Accidents Based on Variational Data Assimilation With the Dispersion Model Error." In 2018 26th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone26-81094.

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In a nuclear accident, radioactive release source term is the critical factor of nuclear emergency response and accident assessment. The modelling of source inversion based on variational data assimilation (VAR) is capable of balancing the environmental radioactive monitoring data to obtain the global optimal source term. But it could be influenced by the discrepancy between predictions of the atmospheric dispersion model and observations, which is defined as the dispersion model error in this study. In order to reduce this influence, the VAR with the dispersion model error (DME-VAR) is proposed. In the DME-VAR, the dispersion model error is quantified by the error coefficients at every monitoring station. These error coefficients and the release source term are estimated at the same time. For limiting the runtime, the DME-VAR program supports parallel processing. Two sets of wind tunnel experiment data for a typical Chinese nuclear power plant site are used to validate and evaluated the performance of the DME-VAR. The results demonstrate that the DME-VAR effectively estimates the error coefficients, and outperforms the VAR in both release rate estimation and radioactive contamination predicting. Moreover, the runtimes of these verification experiments are all reasonable, even for the application in the nuclear emergency response.
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Bunting, Jaime, Jaime Bunting, Krysta Hougen, Krysta Hougen, Mary Helen Gillen, and Mary Helen Gillen. "WORKING COOPERATIVELY WITH SCHOOL SYSTEMS TO INTEGRATE CLIMATE CHANGE EDUCATION WITH A LOCAL CONTEXT INTO SCHOOL SYSTEM CURRICULUM." In Managing risks to coastal regions and communities in a changing world. Academus Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21610/conferencearticle_58b4316d74df5.

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In the Chesapeake Bay watershed, Audubon has worked with local school systems to integrate climate science units into upper elementary and middle school curriculum. Pickering Creek Audubon Center worked closely with public schools to implement grade-wide climate programming with students in fifth and sixth grade. Through participation in the Maryland and Delaware Climate Change Education, Assessment, and Research project and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Association’s Climate Stewards Education Project we are sharing these successes with statewide partners and working towards implementing climate change curriculum more broadly across the state. Through academic and teacher professional development programs, Pickering Creek Audubon Center educators train teachers on integrating climate science into their current lessons and review and collaborate on parts of the program teachers will lead in the classroom. Students are connected to climate change through a series of engaging in class and field activities over the course of several weeks. With the term “global climate change” making climate change seem more like a global problem and less like a local problem, Pickering Creek educators use wetlands and birds as examples of local habitats and wildlife impacted by climate change. Through these lessons led by Pickering Creek Audubon Center educators and augmented by material covered by classroom teachers, students get a thorough introduction into the mechanism of climate change, local impacts of climate change on habitats and wildlife, and actions they can take as a community to mitigate the effects of climate change.
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Bunting, Jaime, Jaime Bunting, Krysta Hougen, Krysta Hougen, Mary Helen Gillen, and Mary Helen Gillen. "WORKING COOPERATIVELY WITH SCHOOL SYSTEMS TO INTEGRATE CLIMATE CHANGE EDUCATION WITH A LOCAL CONTEXT INTO SCHOOL SYSTEM CURRICULUM." In Managing risks to coastal regions and communities in a changing world. Academus Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31519/conferencearticle_5b1b939a830007.66788692.

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In the Chesapeake Bay watershed, Audubon has worked with local school systems to integrate climate science units into upper elementary and middle school curriculum. Pickering Creek Audubon Center worked closely with public schools to implement grade-wide climate programming with students in fifth and sixth grade. Through participation in the Maryland and Delaware Climate Change Education, Assessment, and Research project and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Association’s Climate Stewards Education Project we are sharing these successes with statewide partners and working towards implementing climate change curriculum more broadly across the state. Through academic and teacher professional development programs, Pickering Creek Audubon Center educators train teachers on integrating climate science into their current lessons and review and collaborate on parts of the program teachers will lead in the classroom. Students are connected to climate change through a series of engaging in class and field activities over the course of several weeks. With the term “global climate change” making climate change seem more like a global problem and less like a local problem, Pickering Creek educators use wetlands and birds as examples of local habitats and wildlife impacted by climate change. Through these lessons led by Pickering Creek Audubon Center educators and augmented by material covered by classroom teachers, students get a thorough introduction into the mechanism of climate change, local impacts of climate change on habitats and wildlife, and actions they can take as a community to mitigate the effects of climate change.
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Burger, Victor, Andy Yates, Thomas Mosbach, and Barani Gunasekaran. "Fuel Influence on Targeted Gas Turbine Combustion Properties: Part II — Detailed Results." In ASME Turbo Expo 2014: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2014-25105.

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The paper presents the results from a study that formed part of a bilateral project between DLR-VT and Sasol Technology Fuels Research aimed at investigating the potential influence of physical and chemical fuel properties on ignition and extinction limits within heterogeneous gas turbine combustion. The threshold of flame extinction and re-ignition behaviour of a range of alternative fuels was investigated in a representative aero-combustor sector to determine the relative influence of physical properties and chemical reaction timescales. A matrix of eight test fuels was selected for use during the study and included conventional crude-derived Jet A-1, synthetic paraffinic kerosene, linear paraffinic solvents, aromatic solvents and pure compounds. All test fuels were characterised through full specification analyses, distillation profiles and two-dimensional gas chromatography. The ignition and extinction behaviour of the test fuel matrix was evaluated under simulated altitude conditions at the Rolls-Royce Strategic Research Centre’s sub-atmospheric altitude ignition facility in Derby, UK. A twin sector segment of a Rich Quench Lean (RQL) combustor was employed with fuel supplied to a single burner. Combustor air inlet conditions were controlled to 41.4 kPa and 265 K. Fuel temperature was controlled to 288 K. In addition to the standard extinction and ignition detection systems, optical diagnostics were applied during the test programme. Simultaneous high-speed imaging of the OH* chemiluminescence, and broadband flame luminosity was employed to capture the main reaction zones, the global heat release and distribution of radiative soot particles respectively. Lean extinction points were determined using both a photodiode as well as from the OH* chemiluminescence data. The position of extinction and overall combustor ignition and extinction timescales were determined. The diagnostic methodology that was used to obtain the results reported in this paper is discussed in greater detail in a separate complementary paper. All eight fuels, including the fully synthetic Jet A-1 fuels that formed part of the test matrix, yielded performance that was comparable to that obtained with conventional crude-derived Jet A-1.
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MURAKOSHI, MICHIO, SHUN KUMANO, KENJI ISHIHARA, KOJI IIDA, HIROSHI HAMANA, SHIN KOYAMA, and HIROSHI WADA. "CHALLENGES IN RESEARCH ON AUDITORY MECHANICS." In Proceedings of the Tohoku University Global Centre of Excellence Programme. IMPERIAL COLLEGE PRESS, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9781848169067_0002.

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Gordov, E. P., V. N. Krupchatnikov, I. G. Okladnikov, and A. Z. Fazliev. "Thematic virtual research environment for analysis, evaluation and prediction of global climate change impacts on the regional environment." In XXII International Symposium Atmospheric and Ocean Optics. Atmospheric Physics, edited by Gennadii G. Matvienko and Oleg A. Romanovskii. SPIE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2249118.

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Ota, Eri, and Rie Murakami-Suzuki. "MOTIVATION AND LEARNING OUTCOMES OF PROGRAMME ON GLOBAL COMPETENCIES DEVELOPMENT: CASE STUDY ON GLOBAL SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS COURSE." In 12th annual International Conference of Education, Research and Innovation. IATED, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.21125/iceri.2019.1474.

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Sumari, S. Mariam, Fairus Muhamad-Darus, Nesamalar Kantasamy, and Siniarovina ak Urban Sinyaw. "Rainwater characterization at Global Atmospheric Watch in Danum Valley, Sabah." In 2010 International Conference on Science and Social Research (CSSR). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cssr.2010.5773824.

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Fuller, Nick. "NEW GLOBAL TREND IN SPORT & INCLUSIVE LEARNING - I’MPOSSIBLE (INTERNATIONAL PARALYMPIC COMMITTEE’S EDUCATION PROGRAMME)." In 11th annual International Conference of Education, Research and Innovation. IATED, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.21125/iceri.2018.0460.

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Reports on the topic "Global Atmospheric Research Programme"

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Guest, Peter S., Christopher W. Fairall, and P. O. Persson. Office of Naval Research (ONR), Arctic and Global Prediction Program Department Research Initiative (DRI), Sea State and Boundary Layer Physics of the Emerging Arctic Ocean Quantifying the Role of Atmospheric Forcing in Ice Edge Retreat and Advance Including Wind-Wave Coupling. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada616467.

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Moraes, Jr., Francis Perry. The global change research center atmospheric chemistry model. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/576052.

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Prusa, Joseph. COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH: CONTINUOUS DYNAMIC GRID ADAPTATION IN A GLOBAL ATMOSPHERIC MODEL: APPLICATION AND REFINEMENT. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1043034.

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Gutowski, William J., Joseph M. Prusa, and Piotr K. Smolarkiewicz. COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH: CONTINUOUS DYNAMIC GRID ADAPTATION IN A GLOBAL ATMOSPHERIC MODEL: APPLICATION AND REFINEMENT. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1043077.

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Grant, Ian. Climate & environment assessment: Women’s Economic Empowerment and Growth in Low Income Countries: a global research Programme (2013-2018). Evidence on Demand, February 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.12774/eod_hd041.feb2013.grant.

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Turner, Paul, and John O'Brien. Review of the FSA’s research programme on food hypersensitivity. Food Standards Agency, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.bka542.

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The overarching mission of the Food Standards Agency (FSA) is tothe ensure that food is safe, food is what it says it is and that consumers can make informed choices about what to eat. These are of central importance to consumers with food hypersensitivity(FHS).Food hypersensitivity (FHS) encompasses both immune-mediated food hypersensitivity (food allergy and coeliac disease) and non-immune food intolerances. FHS is a complex, multifactorial disease of concern to multiple stakeholders including consumers with FHS, their families, clinicians, regulatory agencies and policy makers, scientists, food manufacturers and food business operators. It affects around 5-8% of children and 2-3% of adults in the UK, and although rare, can be fatal. Public concern over FHS has grown in recent years. In the UK and elsewhere, food recalls due to the presence of undeclared allergens feature predominantly in food alerts; legislation over food labelling has become clearer, and consumers and producers are more aware of FHS. The FSA has been a major funder of research into FHS for over 2 decades, and the outputs of the research programme has had significant impacts at a national and global scale, most notably in the area of the prevention of FHS in children and the presence of declared and undeclared allergens in food products. Strengthening protections for consumers with FHS is a top priority for the FSA. The FSA has established a Food Hypersensitivity Programme Board to oversee and coordinate its work in this area. The working group was tasked with reviewing the research into FHS supported by the Food Standards Agency to date, and prioritising those priority areas where the current scientific evidence is limited and therefore should be a focus for future research investment. The aim –to make the UK the best country in the world for consumers with food hypersensitivity.
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William J. Gutowski and Piotr K. Smolarkiewicz Joseph M. Prusa. Scientific Final Report: COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH: CONTINUOUS DYNAMIC GRID ADAPTATION IN A GLOBAL ATMOSPHERIC MODEL: APPLICATION AND REFINEMENT. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1038042.

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Amthor, J. S., J. L. Houpis, J. R. Kercher, A. Ledebuhr, N. L. Miller, J. E. Penner, W. L. Robison, and K. E. Taylor. Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory interests and capabilities for research on the ecological effects of global climatic and atmospheric change. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/231490.

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Seus, Sarah, and Susanne Buehrer. How to Evaluate a Transition-Oriented Funding Programme? Lessons Learned from the Evaluation of FONA, the German Framework Programme to Promote Sustainability Research. Fteval - Austrian Platform for Research and Technology Policy Evaluation, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22163/fteval.2021.515.

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This article is based on the evaluation of the German research funding programme “FONA - Forschung für Nachhaltigkeit” (Research for Sustainability.) It reflects upon the methodological challenges confronting the evaluation. These challenges result from the specific objectives and design of the FONA programme (a strategic portfolio of heterogenious interventions). FONA’s ambition is to fund activities under the emerging field of ‘sustainability research’. The core characteristics of sustainability research are: interdisciplinary and trans-disciplinary research processes; orientation towards transferring the research results (into society) and the interdependency with a wider system and global perspective.
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Sarah, Cummings. How to write a policy brief: getting started, writing your policy brief, and best practices. Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF), June 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.46446/publication_r4d.2019.4.en.

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The Swiss Programme for Research on Global Issues for Development (r4d programme) comprises interand transdisciplinary research partnerships between researchers at Swiss institutions and their partners in developing countries. Policy briefs represent one way in which r4d researchers can disseminate their research findings, approaches and tools to stakeholders from policy and practice. This short guide provides advice for writing policy briefs, some best practices and links to additional sources.
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