Dissertations / Theses: 'Global business environment'

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Sousa, André Justino Neves. "Simulation software development in a global business environment." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/4520.

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Mestrado em Engenharia e Gestão Industrial
Com a globalização e o aumento de competitividade as empresas viram se forçadas a encontrar novas formas de optimização e de estar constantemente à acrescentar mais valor aos seus produtos. Como resultado, existe uma mudança progressiva para uma perspectiva externa com ênfase na concepção e implementação de novas parcerias estratégicas, que são geralmente nomeadas com o título de gestão da cadeia de abastecimento. No entanto, apesar do florescimento de várias soluções informáticas neste contexto, ainda há vários obstáculos evidentes a superar. Principalmente devido à maior complexidade dos problemas gerados numa rede logística onde existem conflitos resultantes de objectivos locais versus estratégias de integração. A simulação que conta já com um vasto histórico em aplicações industriais poderá revelar-se numa importante mais-valia neste novo âmbito. Esta ferramenta é usada para efectuar análises, estudos, optimizar projectos e identificar novas oportunidades. As empresas actualmente produzem numa rede complexa na maioria das vezes estão presentes em diferentes países, com múltiplas oportunidades de mercado. Normalmente existe a necessidade de produzirem componentes sofisticados que raramente são criados num único local. Isso representa um desafio extra para a plena utilização das ferramentas de simulação. Este trabalho tenta validar a ideia de que há um potencial inexplorado no uso e desenvolvimento de software de simulação. Novas aplicações tecnológicas estão a ser formuladas que tiram partido destes novos parâmetros e dão resposta a um superior número de critérios de eficiência e de produtividade nas empresas. Em conjunto procuram dar uma resposta a estes problemas, bem como integrar plenamente e com sucesso as empresas em novas formas de negócio como a gestão cadeia de abastecimento.
The increased level of competitiveness in all industrial sectors, exacerbated in the last years by the globalization of the economies. This is pushing enterprises to find new ways to optimize their processes, and in particular to pursue new forms of collaboration and partnership with their direct logistics counterparts. As a result, at a company level there is a progressive shift towards an external perspective with the design and implementation of new management strategies, which are generally named with the term of supply chain management (SCM). However, despite the flourish of several IT solutions in this context, there are still evident hurdles to overcome. Mainly due to the major complexity of the problems to be tackled in a logistics network and to the conflicts resulting from local objectives versus network strategies. Simulation has now a solid background in manufacturing applications. This tool is used to perform analyses, studies, optimize designs and also identify problems. Companies now produce in a complex environment and most of the times they are present in different countries with different market opportunities, manufacturing intricate products that are seldom created in a single location. This poses an extra challenge for the full use of simulation. This work tries to validate the idea that there is an untapped potential in simulation software. And new forms of distributes simulation techniques are growing to give an answer to these problems as well as fully integrate companies successfully into new ways of business like supply chain management.

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AKIL, ANIL. "Effective Leadership in a Global Environment." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för industriell ekonomi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-21323.

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Leaders of today have the challenge to lead in a complex, rapidly changing, multicultural context. In most industries, leaders perform tasks on a global level and they are required to have the necessary competencies to be more effective. It is a well-known fact that organizations are still negatively affected in terms of competitiveness and growth, due to leaders` lack of capabilities to lead effectively. Furthermore, despite the previous academic contributions, global leadership still remains a developing field to be explored. Previous studies on the global leadership listed various competencies to lead to effectively in a global environment. However, a limited evidence was provided to support direct relationship between those competencies and the global leadership effectiveness. Moreover, previous studies have concentrated mainly on defining global leadership competencies, but there is still a gap to understand which of those competencies makes global leaders effective. There is also a strong need for conducting more empirical studies in the field. In response to this gap, the purpose of this research is to identify necessary competencies for global leadership effectiveness and test them empirically. Structural Equation Modelling was used as a research method with the data collected from a questionnaire of 175 respondents worldwide, mainly located in Europe. The results of the research showed that Cross-Cultural Experience, Cultural Flexibility and Stress Tolerance predict global leadership effectiveness. Furthermore, detailed explanation of each competency that predict global leadership effectiveness were provided. The results of this research have both theoretical and managerial implications. Firstly, it proves empirically and quantitatively the relationship between identified competencies and global leadership effectiveness. Secondly, the results of the research contribute to the existing literature where there is a limited amount of research that focus on understanding global leadership competencies and global leadership effectiveness.

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Frid, Gustav. "Integrating sustainability in the core business : From global goals to local application." Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekologi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-189045.

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In 2016, the work towards a more sustainable world increased momentum when the new 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) came into force. Now the SDGs will serve as a global agreement in the work towards ending all forms of poverty, fight inequality and tackle climate change for the next fifteen years. By using standardized Environmental Management Systems (EMS) together with global goals, the author aims on finding ways in how consultancy companies can develop their environmental and sustainability work even further. The purpose of the outcome is to contribute with knowledge in on how to become a leader within sustainable performance and environmental management as well as providing Pöyry Sweden with the basic knowledge in how to develop its performance in order to meet the new ISO-requirements. In the thesis the author developed a matrix-model in which the SDGs where connected to Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) as well as the Sweden’s Environmental Objectives (SEO). The aim of the matrix was to connect the SDGs to local ways of measuring environmental performance, but also on finding the SDGs that the consulting companies were most interested in. In order to collect the information, eight Swedish based consultancy companies (Acando, Accenture, Allies, U&We, Pöyry Sweden, Sweco, WSP and ÅF) where included. All companies where interviewed and took part in the matrix analyse. Based on the research question “How can the SDGs together with ISO be integrated within the management system at a private consultancy company in order to create sustainable benefits, focusing on environmental sustainability, for the company, customers and the society where they conduct business?” it was possible to see that the implementation of the SDGs together with ISO provides sustainable benefits as well as new business opportunities. The results showed that the ISO 14001:2015 could be an advantageous and strategic tool for many consultancy companies. A fully integrated strategic management system would help placing the company in an advantageous position, ready for tougher legislation, customer demand and technical innovation. In combination with commitments to the SDGs the company could find new ways of inspiring its employees and finding long-term purpose for the company and its business. The study made, proved that several of the SDGs are relevant for the interviewed consultancy companies. In the study the author experienced that three companies distinguished themselves when it came to leadership, internal driving force for finding sustainable business opportunities and finding ways of integrating the SDGs in the business. These companies were Allies, U&We and Accenture. For all interviewed parts, several goals are considered both as highly relevant, holding high business opportunities. A commitment to global goals could therefore have a positive effect on the company, providing a communicative strength and new ways of setting goals and bring visions forward. To summarize, the consultancy companies who dare to take a lead in performing sustainable business can send a clear statement and inspiration to customers and the business in general that sustainability is important and should be a desirable goal for the company to achieve. These companies would be considered as role models within sustainability, creating a positive impact reaching beyond the business itself.

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Harmsen, Nadine, and Manuela Wurm. "Born Globals and their Strategic Behaviour : - A case study of small and medium sized companies in a global business environment." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Ekonomihögskolan, ELNU, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-20944.

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A lot of research has been done concerning the internationalization process of companies. However, researchers have identified a new type of firm that is leapfrogging and is operating internationally right after inception. These companies are Born Globals. We are interested in this trend and the purpose of this research is to understand the strategic behaviour of Born Globals. Therefore, we have done qualitative research on these companies and we will focus on their pre-internationalization steps, their key drivers and their relation to the home market. We have found three case companies, who have helped us in our understandings and we have made several conclusions, regarding their strategic behaviour.

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Zhang, Abraham. "Impacts of business environment changes on global manufacturing supplychains: a study of the GPRD trade-production-logistics system." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B46583294.

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Khudododov, Rustam, and Alexandra Kim. "Hidden Power: Content Marketing as a part of global business strategies of Westen companies in the Russian environment." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för marknadsföring (MF), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-66070.

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International companies face many challenges when operating in foreign country markets, as a new environment could be absolutely opposite to the one of the home market, which the companies are used to. One of the biggest issues for a company in the foreign market is to understand how to market its product and make it more appealing to the audience. This research is aimed at studying content marketing strategy as a new trend and a part of marketing strategy of an organization. Particularly, the main focus of this research is to investigate the process of building content marketing strategy of Western firms in the Russian environment. During the study, a few questions are illuminated, such as what steps are undertaken in order to manage a sound content marketing strategy and how the characteristics of Russian consumers influence the decision making and to what extent. The paper studies all these issues by the qualitative approach, presenting data and insights acquired through interviews with four Western companies, operating in Russia: Burger King, Johnson & Johnson, The Coca-Cola Company and Visa Inc. The analysis of the findings is done, comparing the experience of the companies with each other, which enables the authors to extract general patterns for content marketing strategy in Russia in terms of strategy building and consumer orientation and comparing empirical data with theoretical knowledge gained after the examination of the theory. The paper concludes giving answers to the research question and generalizing the analysis, as well as presenting the revised conceptual model. Later on, the main limitations of this study are mentioned and the suggestions for future research are stated to develop the understanding of content marketing strategy.

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Kotosaka, Masahiro. "Multi-layered factors influencing the firm's internationalisation strategy : institutions, micro environment, and firm-level capabilities." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:83dc05e1-d56d-475e-b307-fdb74c936d18.

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This thesis investigates the factors influencing the internationalization of firms through a multi-layered analysis grounded in international business. It addresses the following questions. First, in what ways does the institutional environment facilitate or hinder the growth of start-ups? And in what ways does institutional diversity across countries affect internationalizing firms? Second, in light of the variety of internationalization patterns, what modifications are necessary to the theories of internationalization? Third, how do rapidly internationalizing firms explore and exploit capabilities? And in what ways does capability development differ between firms that realize early, rapid internationalization and those firms that do not? Answering the first set of questions involves recasting the comparative institutional analysis of national political economies. This thesis demonstrates that: 1) when national institutions are in transition, business entrepreneurs can bring about institutional change, or else act to avoid or adapt specific institutions for their own use; and 2) international institutional diversity seems to be less influential in determining the expansion pattern of rapidly internationalizing firms. Next, to address the second question, this thesis examines the factors influencing the speed of internationalization. The proposed models point to a larger role of entrepreneurs’ perception and the relevance of the resources factor, and better accommodate a wider variety of internationalization paths. In order to answer the third set of questions, this thesis investigates the early stage development of firm-level capabilities among internationalizing firms. The result points to: 1) the faster transformation of individual capabilities to firm-level routines; 2) a wider variety of routines for exploring external capabilities; and 3) a higher ability to exploit ordinary routines, among more rapidly internationalizing firms. Finally, this thesis discusses how each of the three levels of analysis relates to the other levels. The overall analysis demonstrates the value of multi-layered approach in investigating the firm’s internationalization.

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Izmaylova, Dinara, and Federica Zuccon. "Stakeholder management in a multicultural environment : A case-study of a global retailer entering the Russian Market." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Handelshögskolan vid Umeå universitet, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-39628.

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Nowadays, an increasing number of global retailers such as IKEA, Carrefour and Auchan, are expanding their business internationally: internationalization is seen as a way to face competitors as well as to enhance position on the market. In particular, emerging markets are becoming a fertile field for investing resources due to their fast economic development and growing disposable income of the local population. A number of market actors (or stakeholders) affect or are affected by the internationalization process, and therefore stakeholder management determines its success to a large extent. Thus, stakeholder management competences are becoming increasingly important in today’s business world. Our study addresses stakeholder management strategy applied by a Swedish global retailer (IKEA) when internationalizing to the Russian market. We also try to identify the main cultural differences between the focal organization and the Russian stakeholders, and the way in which the company faces and overcomes those diversities. Thus, we first give a brief overview of stakeholder management approach applied by IKEA on the corporate level, and then focus on particular practices adopted in Russia. Although the IKEA Group has internal and external stakeholder management framework, we find out that no explicit stakeholder management methodology is used in Russia. The strategy of managers is emergent and implicit, but within the company guidelines and code of conduct and in accordance with organizational culture and values. Although we outline IKEA Russia’s interaction with all main stakeholder groups on the Russian market, we examine more in detail the strategies applied towards the company’s three most critical stakeholders: government, suppliers and employees. Hence, IKEA Russia opts for long-term close collaboration with suppliers through knowledge and expertise exchange, close relationship-building, improvement of working standards, and even financial investments in some cases. Employees are granted good working conditions and respectful attitude, different compensation package, possibilities for personal and professional development. Government, identified by our respondents as the most challenging stakeholder, is approached through lobbying on different levels, development of personal relationships, exchange of experience and best practices. However, when interacting with authorities, IKEA also has to adapt, be “flexible within the limits”, and focus on the long-term. Having outlined real-life strategies applied by IKEA in Russia, we compare them with the results of theoretical modeling. In order to come up with theoretical propositions for stakeholder management of IKEA in Russia, we developed a stakeholder management model, which comprised all the most relevant theories. We, thus, discover that theoretical suggestions for stakeholder management are close to what is done by management in practice. However, the theoretical model overlooks “soft” aspects of dealing with stakeholders: local and organizational culture, turbulent business environment, fast pace of doing business. Moreover, it is difficult for a single stakeholder management framework to give a one-right stakeholder management approach: it is important to combine different theories and use them for complementing each other. This allows to get a more profound insight into managing stakeholders. We develop our research based on the information we could gather from IKEA’s representatives as well as secondary data sources, such as books, two doctoral theses, and a vast amount of journal articles. Our respondents were asked to answer questions throughout which their perceptions about the company’s stakeholders have been evaluated. This has helped the researchers to draw conclusions and answer the research questions.

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Arteaga, Gabriel, Mukidi Christine Katusabe, and Fakhri Shehab. "Global Value Chains, the effects and responses of Multinational Enterprises in a crisis environment : A case study on the effects of the COVID-19 crisis." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för ekonomi, samhälle och teknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-48199.

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ABSTRACTDate: Seminar Date: 2 June 2020, Submission Date: 7 June 2020Level: Bachelor thesis in Business Administration, 15 crInstitution: School of Business, Society and Engineering, Mälardalen UniversityAuthors: Gabriel Arteaga Fakhri Qusay Shehab Christine Katusabe Mukidi(96/03/31) (99/01/05) (97/05/15)Title: Global Value Chains, the effects and responses of Multinational Enterprises in a crisis environment: A case study on the effects of the COVID-19 crisisTutor: Edward GillmoreKeywords: Global Value Chain, Contingency, Resource-based Management, Global Crisis, Multinational EnterprisesResearch questions:RQ 1: How does a global crisis affect the parts of multinational enterprises’ global value chain?RQ 2: How do multinational enterprises respond to a global crisis with their functions and actions?Purpose: This study seeks to gain in-depth understanding of how a global crisis can affect an MNE’s production and what response an MNE can use to mitigate the consequences of a global crisis.Method: The method consisted of an abductive approach with the combination of secondary data and semi-structured qualitative interviews with varied top- and middle-level managers within the chosen MNE, to help answer the research questions of the thesis.Conclusion: The global crisis disrupted parts of the MNE’s GVCs and affected demand, business relationships and caused production facilities to shut down. Since the GVCs are being impacted, the COVID-19 crisis has also impacted the way in which an MNE operates. Both MNEs showed the importance of flexibility and adapted their strategies and operations as the crisis progressed.

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Tsapenko, O. A., O. I. Volovyk, О. А. Цапенко, and О. І. Воловик. "Results of transformation of logistic professional competencies during the global pandemic." Thesis, National Aviation University, 2022. https://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/54831.

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This study outlines the current changes in requirements of the labour market for logistics professionals through the prism of the changing business environment caused by industrial change and current crises. Proposals for the introduction of changes for the higher education and postgraduate professional development providers were given.
У цьому дослідженні висвітлюються поточні зміни вимог ринку праці до фахівців з логістики через призму мінливого бізнес-середовища, спричиненого змінами промисловості та поточними кризами. Надано пропозиції щодо внесення змін до закладів вищої освіти та післядипломної кваліфікації.

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Young, Susan L. "Cross-National Differences in Corporate Social Responsibility in the Global Apparel Industry." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1345481244.

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Mohamad, Shafi. "Developing a Framework for Assessing IT Competences of Boards of Directors: A Malaysian Case Study." Thesis, Griffith University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365372.

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Information technology (IT) systems are becoming increasingly indispensable for organizations in their daily operations. Organizations therefore invest considerable capital in IT assets to support the IT needs of employees and other stakeholders. As the contemporary global business environment becomes increasingly reliant on IT, the need for IT to be governed effectively and efficiently grows. Boards of Directors (Boards) play a critical role in the governance of organizations, yet despite the continued call for improved IT governance (ITG), there has been little research into how Boards actually govern IT. Current research appears to indicate that Boards struggle to understand the state of IT within their companies and/or they lack appropriate IT competences in examining IT issues. This study developed a model of IT competences that Boards should have, to achieve an appropriate standard of ITG. The model is developed from a review of IT competence frameworks in three domains, namely IT organizations/associations, professional accounting associations and academic research. A review of current critical IT issues is also undertaken from the extant literature and the model is adjusted to incorporate these specific issues.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Griffith Business School
Griffith Business School
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Darsot, Fatima Cassim. "The departure from the strategy of the parent company from a developed economy by the business unit of a subsidiary in an emerging market in the professional services industry due to a change in the competitive environment caused by a downturn in the global economy." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/29526.

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“Sustainable development cannot happen without innovation. The challenge before every organization is to develop innovation strategies that not only respond to changes in the environment and societal pressures but also consider the needs and expectations of various stakeholders. The increasing turbulence in the external business environment has focused attention on the resources and organizational capabilities as the principal source of competitive advantage,” (Dasgupta & Gupta 2009, p.204). The intention of this research project is to determine how a business unit of a subsidiary in the professional services industry in an emerging market economy changed strategy from being an implementer (Gupta&Govindarajan, 1991, p.774), of head office strategy to “developing innovation strategies” (Dasgupta&Gupta 2009, p.204); to adapt to a change in the external environment that was caused by a crisis in the global economy.This study will also investigate the impact of having to change strategy, on the capability and development of the business unit of the subsidiary.A project on holding company subsidiary relationships cannot be complete without investigating how a change in strategy of a business unit of the subsidiary affected the relationship between the holding company and the subsidiary.The study looks specifically at a period that was marked by economic turmoil that is the time of the global financial crisis during the years 2008, 2009 and the years after.
Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2012.
Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)
unrestricted

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Yang, Lilia, and Nanxiang Shao. "Sustainability Strategies in IKEA with the focus on Production and Suppliers." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Ekonomihögskolan, ELNU, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-85636.

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“Waste of resources is a mortal sin at IKEA.” – Ingvar Kamprad IKEA, as one of the biggest furniture companies in the world (Alänge, 2015), makes it interesting to have a look into their practices to gain a deeper insight by looking at how they work on a more sustainable and environmental friendlier world. Since Ingvar Kamprad, the founder of this company, mentioned sustainability from the earliest years, this work will provide an insight on how the sustainability annual reports of IKEA present their sustainability strategies to the reader every year. The researchers use the secondary analysis method to provide the theoretical framework and apply a case study to conduct the empirical data of the company IKEA. Since (Harte et al., 1991) pointed out that annual reports are an important source of environmental information. The database is in form of annual reports from the year 2010 till 2018 that were provided by the company IKEA itself. Through the pattern matching method the numbers over the years are compared and discussed due to their development. Furthermore, the areas “production” and “supplier” are selected from the supply chain management and also included in the analyzes section, since both, the development of other organizational relationships in the supply chain and the environmental corporation can become an integral part of the company (Seuring & Müller, 2008). Through diagrams in the empirical chapter this work will provide a comparison between the different factors in the mentioned areas of the supply chain management and discuss the actual development and partly improvements of the factor’s “energy”, “waste”, “production” etc. and the promises and goals from the IKEA’s side.

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Samara, Georges. "Managing Family Businesses Heterogeneity: Global Strategies for Family Business Economic and Social Performance." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Ramon Llull, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/461046.

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Com gestionar i dirigir una empresa familiar per tal d’aconseguir uns resultats econòmics i socials millors? Si bé les empreses familiars són un grup molt heterogeni d’empreses, s’ha fet molt poca atenció a la forma de govern i a les contingències institucionals a l’hora d’analitzar el seu acompliment econòmic i social. Com a resultat d’això s’han produït alguns debats teòrics i s’han detectat algunes conclusions contradictòries en la literatura. Aquesta tesi explica l’heterogeneïtat de les empreses familiars per tal d’il·lustrar millor les opcions de gestió i de govern que en poden catalitzar l’acompliment econòmic i social. S’analitzen tres fonts poc estudiades de l’heterogeneïtat de les empreses familiars: les diverses actituds, habilitats i serveis del seu capital humà, els diferents nivells d’implicació de la família en el negoci i l’entorn geogràfic institucional en què s’incardinen les empreses familiars. Aquesta tesi aporta arguments teòrics i analitza empíricament les diferents opcions de gestió i de govern que poden catalitzar els resultats econòmics i socials de les empreses familiars. En definitiva, aquest treball fa diverses contribucions teòriques que poden ajudar a reconciliar les visions contradictòries detectades a la literatura i proporciona algunes recomanacions molt més precises als professionals.
¿Cómo gestionar y dirigir una empresa familiar para lograr mejores resultados económicos y sociales? Pese a que las empresas familiares son un grupo muy heterogéneo de empresas, se ha prestado muy poca atención a la gobernanza y a las contingencias institucionales a la hora de abordar su desempeño económico y social. El resultado de ello han sido algunos debates teóricos y algunas conclusiones contradictorias en la literatura. La presente tesis explica la heterogeneidad de las empresas familiares para arrojar más luz sobre las opciones de gestión y de gobernanza que pueden catalizar el desempeño económico y social de dichas empresas. Se analizan tres fuentes poco estudiadas de la heterogeneidad de las empresas familiares: las diversas actitudes, habilidades y servicios de su capital humano, los distintos niveles de implicación de la familia en el negocio y el entorno geográfico institucional en que se incardinan las empresas familiares. Esta tesis proporciona argumentos teóricos y analiza empíricamente las distintas opciones de gestión y de gobernanza que pueden catalizar los resultados económicos y sociales de las empresas familiares. De este modo, este trabajo realiza varias contribuciones teóricas que pueden ayudar a reconciliar las visiones contradictorias detectadas en la literatura y proporciona algunas recomendaciones mucho más precisas a los profesionales.
How can family businesses be managed and directed to achieve better economic and social outcomes? Despite that family businesses are a group of heterogenous companies, little attention has been given to governance and institutional contingencies when discussing the family business economic and social performance. This resulted in several theoretical debates and conflicting evidence found in the literature. This thesis accounts for family business heterogeneity to shed further light into the managerial and governance choices that can catalyze family businesses economic and social performance. Three understudied sources of family businesses heterogeneity are explored: The various attitudes, skills, and services of the family business human capital, the different levels of family involvement in the business, and the institutional geographical setting in which family businesses are embedded. This thesis theoretically argues for and empirically explores managerial and governance choices that can catalyze family businesses economic and social outcomes. By doing so, this work offers several theoretical contributions that can help reconcile conflicting views found in the literature and provides finer-grained recommendations for practitioners.

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Rupp, Theresa, and Verena Hillekamp. "Environmental Business. : Green Marketing and Industry 5.0 as movement towards global-wellbeing in business processes." Thesis, Jönköping University, Internationella Handelshögskolan, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-52928.

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Background: Green Marketing faces an upward trend; global well-being becomes more and more important while at the same time the new age of Industry 5.0 is ahead. All those components contribute to increasing environmental business activities. Purpose: The purpose of the study is to elaborate under which considerations Green Marketing can be successfully implemented by businesses in respect of the changing environmental processes lead by Industry 5.0 and the associated movement towards environmental and global well-being. Method: This study is of qualitative nature and follows an inductive interpretivist approach. The literature review as secondary research data is complemented by primary data conducted through mixed methods of expert interviews and a focus group. Conclusion: Likewise, opportunities and challenges within environmental business appear. The developed framework illustrates the interconnection inter alia of green marketing and Industry 5.0 that contribute to a successful execution to reach global well-being. Summarizing a holistic approach towards global well-being is indispensable.

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Rutherford, Paul. "Business environmental discourses at global Earth Summits : comparing Rio and Johannesburg." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2007. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21677.

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Studies of global environmental politics have not paid much attention so far to the role and views of the international business community. This thesis seeks to analyse how the business community has approached global environmental issues as discussed at the so-called 'Earth Summits' in 1992 and 2002. The specific focus is to address the question of how the international environmental discourses of business have changed from one summit to another. Are there sufficient empirical grounds to suggest that business is progressing towards a unified and cohesive set of discursive themes and issues? The method used combines qualitative discourse analysis with quantitative content analysis. Combining the 'best of' these two approaches means that a more detailed and rigorous analysis of the content of a large amount of material can be undertaken. This is applied to compare the business discourse at the 1992 Rio and the 2002 Johannesburg Earth Summits. These are two of the key events in the formation of international environmental politics discourses and provide an excellent opportunity to examine the changing role of business over time. The empirical results of this work reveal some continuity, but also major changes within the discourses used by business actors at mega earth summits. There is a high level of continuity not only in the commitment to free market principles but also in the notion that embracing sustainable development is good for business. Looking at changes over time, among the key findings is that business appears increasingly willing to reach accommodation with environmental non-governmental organisations and is keen to overcome its traditionally defensive, reactive role, adopting a proactive approach to shaping the international environmental agenda. While the main elements of a new master business environmental discourse were formulated in 1992, the new approach only become dominant afterwards. By 2002, the discourse had not only been refined and extended, but it had also achieved a much higher level of consensus with the business community taking an active part in the Johannesburg summit. The thesis concludes by discussing the significance of these findings in our understanding of the environmental role of business within global environmental debates.

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Holec, Marek. "Analýza rizik lokálního a globálního prostředí vybrané firmy." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-241344.

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This thesis analyzes the risks of global and local business environment . The paper shows the actual state of the environment and the associated risks . The risks greatly influence the success of businesses and it is necessary to know them and understand how to respond . Inaction against risks can lead to bankruptcy of the company . In the practical part is an analysis of the certain company. The result of the analysis is to evaluate the state of the company and choose the right strategies to achieve goals.

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19

Mitchell, Samantha Laura. "Environmental, social and corporate governance reporting : perspectives from the Johannesburg Stock Exchange and an international metals and mining sample." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/95862.

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Thesis (MComm) – Stellenbosch University, 2014.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Global interest in responsible investing has grown in recent years. To make effective decisions, responsible investors require listed companies to report on financial and nonfinancial performance, giving particular attention to environmental, social and corporate governance (ESG) considerations. This study was undertaken to address the paucity of academic research on ESG reporting in South Africa. A number of local studies had focused on environmental and governance reporting, but no studies had taken a holistic view of ESG reporting. Nor had any studies focused on the metals and mining industry in particular. This is a very important industry from an economic and ESG perspective, both in South Africa and internationally. The primary objective of this study was two-fold. Firstly, it was to investigate the extent of ESG reporting (both in South Africa and in a sample of international Metals and Mining companies). The second objective was to evaluate the factors that could potentially influence ESG reporting in these two samples. A positivistic research methodology was adopted as this approach allowed the researcher to test the stated research hypotheses. Quantitative secondary data were thus collected and analysed. The data collection process consisted of three phases: the first phase involved an extensive literature review of the key constructs; the second phase dealt with the collection of data for the dependent variable (Overall ESG score) from MSCI ESG Research’s database; and the third phase entailed collecting data for the 12 independent variables from Bureau van Dijk and selected websites. MSCI ESG Research’s universe was used to establish the two samples used in this study. The JSE sample consisted of 110 listed companies, whereas the international Metals and Mining sample consisted of 173 companies. Because MSCI ESG Research had completed only one year of ESG research when this study commenced, only data for 2012 were available. Descriptive and inferential statistics were completed to analyse the data. The empirical findings of the JSE sample show that the Governance pillar mean score was significantly higher than the Social pillar mean score and the Environmental pillar mean score. ESG reporting was found to be positively associated with companies which were included in the Nedbank Green Index. Companies included in the JSE Socially Responsible Index produced significantly better ESG reports than those excluded from the index. Significant differences were also noted in the Overall ESG score based on the nature of the industry in which a company operated. In the international Metals and Mining sample, two statistically significant relationships were found: larger companies had higher ESG score than smaller companies; and the greater the ownership concentration in a company, the better the ESG reporting on average. Four statistically significant differences were observed. Companies included in the FTSE4Good Index Series had better ESG scores than companies excluded from the index. Companies in developed countries had better ESG reporting than companies in emerging markets. The third difference related to companies which used the Global Reporting Initiative’s guidelines. These companies had higher Overall ESG scores than those which did not use the guidelines. The same applies to companies which were participants of the UN Global Compact and those who were not. It was concluded that investors who favour sound ESG reporting (and hence ESG management) should ideally focus on larger companies, those which are included in an responsible investing index, use the Global Reporting Initiative’s guidelines, and are participants of the UN Global Compact. Listed companies, particularly those in the Metals and Mining industry, should give more attention to environmental and social considerations, to the overall quality of their ESG reports, and should make more use of available initiatives to aid non-financial reporting.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die afgelope jare het belangstelling in verantwoordelike beleggings wêreldwyd toegeneem. Ten einde verantwoordelike beleggers in staat te stel om doeltreffende besluite te neem, moet genoteerde maatskappye oor hul finansiële én nie-finansiële prestasie verslag doen, met bepaalde klem op omgewings-, maatskaplike en korporatiewe beheer (OMB) kwessies. Hierdie studie is onderneem om ’n leemte in akademiese navorsing oor verslagdoening in Suid-Afrika te vul. ’n Aantal plaaslike studies het al op omgewings- en beheerverslagdoening gekonsentreer, maar geen navorsing tot dusver het OMB-verslagdoening holisties beskou nie. Ook het geen studies nog die soeklig op die metaal- en mynboubedryf in die besonder gewerp nie. Hierdie is ’n baie belangrike bedryf uit ’n ekonomiese en OMB-oogpunt, in Suid-Afrika sowel as internasionaal. Die hoofoogmerk van hierdie studie was tweeledig. Eerstens wou die studie ondersoek instel na die omvang van OMB-verslagdoening (by ’n Suid-Afrikaanse steekproef sowel as ’n steekproef van internasionale metaal- en mynboumaatskappye). Tweedens wou die navorsing die faktore bepaal wat ’n moontlike invloed op die OMB-verslagdoening van hierdie twee steekproewe kan hê. ’n Positivistiese navorsingsmetodologie is gebruik, aangesien hierdie benadering die navorser in staat gestel het om die navorsingshipoteses te toets. Kwantitatiewe sekondêre data was dus ingesamel en ontleed. Die data-insamelingsproses het uit drie fases bestaan: In die eerste fase was ’n omvattende literatuurstudie oor die hoofkonstrukte onderneem; die tweede fase het uit data-insameling oor die afhanklike veranderlike (algehele OMB-telling) uit die databasis van MSCI ESG Research bestaan, terwyl die derde fase data-insameling oor die 12 onafhanklike veranderlikes uit Bureau van Dijk en op uitgesoekte webtuistes behels het. Die universum van MSCI ESG Research is gebruik om die twee steekproewe in hierdie studie te bepaal. Die Suid-Afrikaanse steekproef het uit 110 genoteerde maatskappye bestaan, terwyl die steekproef van internasionale metaal- en mynboumaatskappye 173 entiteite ingesluit het. Aangesien MSCI ESG Research met die aanvang van hierdie studie nog net een jaar van OMB-navorsing onderneem het, was data slegs vir 2012 beskikbaar. Beskrywende en inferensiële statistieke is ontwikkel om die data te ontleed. Die empiriese bevindinge van die Suid-Afrikaanse-steekproef lewer ’n beduidend hoër gemiddelde telling vir beheerverslagdoening as vir maatskaplike en omgewingsverslagdoening op. OMB-verslagdoening blyk ’n positiewe korrelasie te toon met maatskappye wat by Nedbank se groen-indeks ingesluit is. Maatskappye wat ingesluit was in die Johannesburg Effektebeurs se indeks vir maatskaplike verantwoordelikheid het op hulle beurt aansienlik beter OMB-verslae opgestel as dié buite die indeks. Beduidende verskille in algehele OMB-tellings is ook opgemerk op grond van die aard van die bedryf waarin ’n maatskappy funksioneer. In die internasionale metaal- en mynbousteekproef is twee statisties beduidende verwantskappe aangetref: Groter maatskappye het ’n hoër OMB-telling as kleiner maatskappye getoon, en hoe hoër die eienaarskapskonsentrasie in ’n maatskappy, hoe beter die OMB-verslagdoening oor die algemeen. Vier statisties beduidende verskille is boonop waargeneem. Maatskappye wat deel was van die FTSE4Good-indeksreeks het beter OMBtellings opgelewer as maatskappye buite die indeks, en maatskappye in ontwikkelde lande het beter gevaar met OMB-verslagdoening as dié in ontluikende markte. Die derde verskil hou verband met maatskappye wat die riglyne van die Globale Verslagdoeningsinisiatief (GRI) volg, wat algeheel hoër OMB-tellings gehad het as diegene wat nié die riglyne gebruik nie. Dieselfde geld vir maatskappye wat aan die Verenigde Nasies (VN) se wêreldverdrag (“Global Compact”) deelneem en diegene wat nie deelneem nie. Die gevolgtrekking word gemaak dat beleggers wat goeie OMB-verslagdoening (en dus goeie OMB-bestuur) verkies, behoort te konsentreer op groter maatskappye, maatskappye wat by ’n indeks vir verantwoordelike belegging ingesluit is, wat die riglyne van die Internasionale Verslagdoeningsinisiatief volg, en wat aan die VN se wêreldverdrag deelneem. Genoteerde maatskappye, veral dié in die metaal- en mynboubedryf, behoort ook meer aandag te skenk aan omgewings- en maatskaplike sake sowel as die algehele gehalte van hul verslae, en behoort meer gebruik te maak van beskikbare inisiatiewe om nie-finansiële verslagdoening te ondersteun.

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20

Schein, Steven. "The ecological world views and post-conventional action logics of global sustainability leaders." Thesis, Fielding Graduate University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3627453.

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This is an empirical study of ecological worldviews and action logics of global sustainability leaders. Although a body of research has emerged in recent years focused on corporate sustainability practices at the organizational level, the literature has paid less attention to corporate sustainability at the individual level. As a result, little is known about the deeper psychological motivations of sustainability leaders and how these motivations may influence their behavior and effectiveness as change agents.

This study was based on theoretical insights from several social science disciplines including ecopsychology, integral ecology, environmental sociology, and developmental psychology. Drawing on interviews with 65 leaders in more than 50 multinational corporations, NGOs, and consultancies, the study presents three major propositions that illuminate specific ways that ecological worldviews and action logics are developed and expressed by sustainability leaders. Specific findings include five experiences that shape ecological worldviews over the lifespan and six ways that post-conventional action logics are expressed by sustainability leaders. Findings also include how the complexity of sustainability is driving highly collaborative approaches to leadership. Insights from this research can be integrated into leadership development programs in a wide range of public and private institutions and will be of interest to a range of sustainability scholars, social science researchers, sustainability executives, and social entrepreneurs.

Key Words: Sustainability leader, ecological worldviews, action logics, ecopsychology, developmental theory, new ecological paradigm, ecological self, corporate sustainability.

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Carroll, Brendan J. S. M. (Brendan Joseph) Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Exploring the business case for LEED EBOM certification of a "Mixed Use" facility." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/80989.

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Thesis (M.B.A.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management; and, (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering; in conjunction with the Leaders for Global Operations Program at MIT, 2013.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 40-41).
Many buildings are highly inefficient in terms of energy and water use and lack features important to a productive and healthy work environment. While many companies have established sustainability goals to ensure new buildings conform to "green standards," these same companies fail to realize the commercial, environmental, and social benefits from improving existing buildings. Here we examine the benefits of and barriers to greening existing buildings at Raytheon Space and Airborne Systems (SAS) in El Segundo, CA. We use the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) Existing Buildings: Operations and Maintenance (EBOM) framework to explore the business case for pursuing LEED EBOM certification. Because some of the buildings in this study are "mixed use," meaning they house multiple space types within the same building envelope, we must first determine if the LEED framework applies. After benchmarking the energy and water efficiency of each building, we use interviews, surveys, and audits to discover the applicable benefits of greening these buildings. Furthermore, we explore whether companies can realize these benefits with more optimal methods versus pursuing LEED certification. Additionally, the barriers to greening existing buildings are discussed to discover why some companies fail to take advantage of immense savings opportunities. Key results are that companies can realize significant financial savings opportunities by first conducting water and energy audits and then by implementing no to low cost efficiency projects. While LEED certification is not necessary to realize financial and environmental benefits, the recognition LEED certification provides allows companies to realize "soft benefits." These benefits consist of certification's attractiveness to customers, its benefit to brand image, and its ability to attract and retain talent. Common barriers include acceptance issues, business financing practices, and possessing the capacity to implement projects. We conclude there is a business case for the Raytheon SAS to pursue LEED EBOM certification as a pilot project to validate the benefits of LEED.
by Brendan J. Carroll.
S.M.
M.B.A.

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22

Simon, Kallstenius Ivan. "Patterns of Collaboration for Sustainability in the Global Clothing Industry." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Stockholm Resilience Centre, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-169781.

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Global industries are characterized by complex networks of organizations, which are often dominated by a few disproportionately large transnational corporations. While industry consolidation is not a new phenomenon, the scale and speed at which global industries now impact diverse social-ecological systems is unprecedented. In this thesis, I combine the interconnected perspective of business ecosystems with the sustainability focus of the social-ecological systems literature through the concept of keystone actors. Adopting a network perspective, I apply this framing to the global clothing industry, and specifically analyze the patterns of coordination and collaboration among actors working to address systemic sustainability challenges facing the industry. While keystone actors wield significant influence over both the industry’s biophysical and socio-economic impacts, I find it is the presence of key brokers – actors who mediate indirect connections between keystone actors in the clothing industry – that possess the potential to coordinate action around sustainability challenges into a collective industry-wide effort. I conclude the thesis by discussing how the empirical findings, and network perspective more generally, can advance the study of keystone actors in global business ecosystems.

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Pettersson, Emma, and Martina Engvall. "A Study of Environmental Disclosures in the European Oil and Gas Industry : With Reference to the Global Reporting Initiative." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Företagsekonomi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-30024.

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Background and Problem: Sustainability reporting is a growing trend in the society. One of the most exposed industries to environmental matters is the oil and gas industry, which commit to sustainability reporting in order to deal with the industry’s destructive operations. The Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) provides voluntary guidelines in sustainability reporting, which increase transparency for the company’s stakeholders. However, it is controversial that the oil and gas industry put a great effort into sustainability reporting even though the industry is environmentally destructive. This gap is interesting to investigate and will contribute to the academic discussion. Therefore, this thesis will focus on the sustainability reporting in the oil and gas industry and to what extent the industry actually discloses material environmental information about their operations. Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to examine how the sustainability reporting has changed in the oil and gas industry in Europe. This is performed from a stakeholder perspective. Further, it aims to investigate how oil and gas companies have followed the GRI guidelines and how the reporting has changed over time. Method: A quantitative method is used in order to answer the research questions. The data sample is based on oil and gas companies reporting according to the GRI framework during year 2012 to year 2014. The empirical data is gathered from the studied companies’ environmental category in their sustainability reports. Further, a content analysis technique, with a coding scheme, was set up to interpret and analyse the information. To enable an easy overview of the findings, the relevant data is presented in tables and diagrams. Empirical Findings and Conclusion: The majority of the studied companies have increased their level of compliance in the environmental category. Although, the majority of the companies have increased their reporting, the compliance level differs between the companies. The most reported sectors are the; “Water”, “Biodiversity”, “Emissions”, “Effluents and Waste”, “Compliance”, and “Overall”. Further, the empirical findings show that there is an overall increase in the amount of disclosed information per indicator. The conclusion of this thesis is that the environmental disclosures have increased in the oil and gas industry from year 2012 to 2014.

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Jogie, Greg, and Ayaz Shukat. "How do Global Retail Companies utilize Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)?" Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för management, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-3046.

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Corporations around the world are today acknowledging more and more the need of long-term sustainability strategies integrated into their core businesses. This has led to the use of the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) framework. H&M and UNIQLO are no different. They are established global retailing companies and heavily affected by the consumers demand of a sustainable work process. The demands are often heard when news hits of problems in the supply-chain. This can be issues like unsatisfactory working conditions in factories, environmental issues caused by production and general imbalance of labor policies. Such problems have put pressure on the companies to enact a proper reporting framework for their sustainability efforts and that is the focus of this thesis. The objective is to understand how well the organizations’ have been using CSR and the goal is to look at their behavior within their supply chain processes and their environmental focus. We will then benchmark them according to the sustainability measurement framework called Global Reporting Initiative (GRI). GRI is a framework widely used by the top global companies today and as it has a diversified perspective on CSR; it can expand the views of CSR from the consumer and the corporate perspective to a global reporting perspective. That perspective is unbiased and globally accepted. The conclusions drawn in the end of the thesis, shows the similarities and differences of the companies CSR actions and the gap that they need to fill to really strengthen their focus on CSR. A way forward is to understand these gaps and create a strategy which will help the companies overcome these obstacles in the long run.
Företag runt om i världen i dag erkänner mer och mer behovet av långsiktigt hållbara strategier integreras i sin kärnverksamhet. Detta har lett till användandet av Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) ram. H & M och UNIQLO är inte annorlunda. De är etablerade globala detaljhandelsföretag och som drabbats hårt av konsumenterna efterfrågan på ett hållbart arbetsprocessen. Kraven är ofta hörs när nyheten träffar av problem i försörjningskedjan. Det kan vara frågor som otillfredsställande arbetsförhållanden i fabriker, miljöfrågor som orsakas av produktion och allmän obalans i arbetsmarknadspolitiska åtgärder. Sådana problem har satt press på företagen att anta en korrekt rapportering ramar för deras hållbarhetsarbete och det är fokus för denna uppsats. Målet är att förstå hur väl organisationerna har använt CSR och målet är att titta på deras beteende inom ramen för sina processer leverantörskedjan och deras miljöfokus. Vi kommer då att jämföra dem enligt en hållbar mätning ramverk kallat Global Reporting Initiative (GRI). GRI är ett ramverk ofta används av högsta internationella företag idag och eftersom den har ett diversifierat perspektiv på företagens sociala ansvar, det kan utöka åsikter om företagens sociala ansvar från konsumenten och företagets perspektiv på en global rapportering perspektiv. Detta perspektiv är opartiskt och globalt accepterad. De slutsatser som dras i slutet av avhandlingen visar likheter och skillnader i de bolag CSR insatser och det tomrum som de behöver för att fylla för att verkligen stärka sitt fokus på socialt ansvarstagande. En väg framåt är att förstå dessa skillnader och skapa en strategi som kommer att hjälpa företagen att övervinna dessa hinder i det långa loppet.

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Persson, Robin, Samuel Shirpey, and Elisabeth Salenborg. "Logistics driven packaging for efficient and sustainable road freight : A case study on a global export company." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för ekonomistyrning och logistik (ELO), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-95662.

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Packaging plays a crucial role in logistics as it has a significant effect on the efficiency of transportation. The shape and dimensions of packaging material has considerable impact on transport performance, whereas an optimal packaging system for products enables for improved utilization of the total volume on a load carrier. As a result of improved freight performance, transportation costs can be reduced. Improved vehicle utilization for shipments also has a positive impact on environmental aspects, as increased vehicle fill rate can lead to less required transports which ultimately lowers the overall carbon emissions caused by transports. Therefore, an optimization of the packaging model can lead to substantial benefits, both economically and environmentally. The purpose of this study was to create a cost estimation model for the company Machine Corporation that would illustrate what effects a new packaging strategy would have on transportation costs, fill rate and environmental aspects. To achieve this purpose, relevant data have been collected from the company together with suitable metrics found in the literature. The collected data was thereafter used to create a cost estimation model that served as a tool to determine the total costs and the potential savings. The outcome results of the model showed that Machine Corp. would have made a yearly saving of 2 341 353 SEK. The implementation of a new packaging strategy was estimated to increase the volume-based fill rate for truck loads by approximately 54% which enabled for a reduction of transportation costs by 32%. Furthermore, the results showed a positive impact on environmental aspects as the total amount of road freight shipments needed per year was estimated to reduce by 32% as well and the total tonnes-km per year would decrease by 31%.

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Bosco, Mary-Clare. "From Yosemite to a Global Market: How Patagonia, Inc. has Created an Environmentally Sustainable and Socially Equitable Model of Supply-Chain Management." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2017. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/pomona_theses/178.

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There is an urgent pressure of the time (2016) to re-evaluate our patterns of consumption to adapt to changing climates and reduce waste and pollution. Because an immediate restructuring of global production strategies is not likely any time soon, industrial innovators are finding new ways of redesigning supply-chain management in efforts to move towards environmentally sustainable business in which all manufacturing practices are transparent. Patagonia, Inc. is a testament to the often-debated question of economic value in green business practices, and this thesis acts as an outline as to how they arrived at such an impressive presence in the business world, grow financially, maintain global influence, while maintaining their environmental priorities. Through its transparent and environmentally conscious supply-chain management, Patagonia has effectively set the scene for other producers to follow its lead in a time where redesign and innovation is the only answer to depleting natural resources and the need to eliminate waste. The crucial connection that Patagonia maintains with its consumers can be examined through the inherent environmental psychological analysis of Patagonia’s mission to create the highest quality product while doing the least amount of harm to the environment. The consumers who are buying products to engage in outdoor recreation presumably attach high value to those natural lands and waters that they are venturing out into. Therefore, with this deep emotional significance comes motivation to protect the sanctity of those places on Earth, and support those organizations and businesses that are driven by this same passion.

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27

De, Klerk W. A. (Willem Abraham). "An investigation into the trading in emissions credits as a free market mechanism to curb global warming." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/49717.

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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2002.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: One of the most topical and widely discussed factors which could lead to the ultimate end of life on earth is global warming and its devastating effects. Several current trends clearly demonstrate that global warming is directly impacting on rising sea levels, the melting of icecaps and other significant worldwide climatic changes. These climatic changes will have a profound effect on the economy of the world as well as having health and social consequences for humans on earth. It has also become evident that mankind has played a significant role in causing global warming through its excessive burning of fossil fuels and its deforestation activities. Mainstream economists have increasingly realised that the prime cause of environmental problems is the absence of markets and more specifically, the absence of private ownership, which provide the foundation for markets. This occurrence has also been described in the literature as the tragedy of the commons. Mankind has come to a point in its history whereby it is in great danger of causing its own annihilation through the destruction of its natural environment. As a result of this, world leaders and many industrialists have realised that it is essential that the world must do something to preserve the natural environment. This was the rationale behind the Kyoto Protocol. In Kyoto 38 industrial states undertook to reduce their total emissions of six important greenhouse gases by at least 5 percent by the period 2012 at the latest. It was agreed in Kyoto that the system to be used to curb global warming should be based on free market principles that would focus on limiting the tragedy of the commons. On this basis it was agreed that the international trade in greenhouse gas emission allowances might fulfil an important role in providing countries and companies with the capabilities to achieve part of their reduction obligations. The Kyoto mechanism was therefore designed on the basis of emissions trading, but also had an equity objective with respect to developing countries. Supporters of the trading scheme are of the opinion that this market will guarantee that certain emission targets are met. In principle, the international trade in emission credits offers several advantages in terms of a flexible and cost-efficient realisation of the reduction obligations undertaken at Kyoto. Supporters of emissions trading are also of the opinion that trading in these gases also has economic and technological benefits. The answer to global warming might be as simple as buy low, sell high conventions. Now greenhouse-gas emissions are becoming a commodity that can be bought and sold on a worldwide scale, just like gold or soybeans. It is expected that the trading in greenhouse-gas emission rights will ultimately constitute the largest commodities market in the world. An international market for greenhouse gas emission allowances is already developing. However, rules governing such transactions are not fully worked out yet. The 178-nation Kyoto Protocol on global warming may provide a start, despite the US's refusal to support the treaty. It will be the aim of this thesis to provide understanding in terms of the functioning of emissions trading schemes and therefore the Kyoto mechanism as a solution to this problem of global warming. It will also be an important objective of this thesis to provide insight into the issues applicable to climatic change and the Kyoto mechanism.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Atmosfeerverwarming is wêreldwyd een van die mees bespreekte kwessies. Die nadelige effek van atmosfeerverwarming as gevolg van die toenemende kweekhuiseffek, het die potensiaal om tot die uiteindelike uitwissing van lewe op aarde te lei. Verskeie tendense dui daarop dat atmosfeerverwarming 'n direkte impak op stygende seevlakke, die ontvriesing van die pakys by die pole en ander noemenswaardige klimaatsversteuringe het. Indien iets drasties nie gedoen word om atmosfeer verhitting te keer nie, sal klimaatsversteuringe 'n geweldig nadelige effek op die wêreld ekonomie te weeg bring, asook 'n nadelige effek op gesondheids- en sosiale toestande tot gevolg hê. Dit het duidelik geword dat die aktiwiteite van die mensdom, hoofsaaklik verbranding van fossielbrandstowwe en ontbossing, te blameer is vir atmosfeerverwarming. Ekonome wêreldwyd het toenemend besef dat die hoofrede vir omgewingsprobleme, soos atmosfeerverwarming, toegeskryf kan word aan die afwesigheid van markte en meer spesifiek die afwesigheid van privaatbesit, wat in effek die basis van die vrye mark vorm. Hierdie gebeurtenis word in die ekonomiese literatuur beskryf as die "tragedie van die gemene goedere" . Wêreldpolitici en industriële leiers het besef dat die mens by 'n punt in sy geskiedenis gekom het waar hy moontlik sy eie uitwissing kan bewerkstellig en dat iets drasties gedoen moet word om die natuurlike omgewing te beskerm om sodoende volhoubare ekonomiese groei te verseker. Hierdie besef het gelei tot die totstandkoming van die Kyoto Protokol waar 38 nywerheidslande ooreengekom het om voor die jaar 2012 hul totale nasionale emissies van die ses belangrikste kweekhuisgasse met ten minste 5 persent tot onder hul 1990 emissievlakke te verminder. Daar was in Kyoto ooreengekom dat die stelsel wat gebruik moet word om die Kyoto doelwitte te bereik sterk vryemark eienskappe moet besit asook meganismes om regverdigheid en gelykheid tussen lande in terme van kweekhuisgasbeperkings te verseker. Die Kyoto meganismes is ontwerp met sterk vryemark eienskappe, wat basies 'n stelsel is waarvolgens lugbesoedelingsregte verhandel kan word. Hierdie verhandeling van besoedelingsregte kan toegepas word om kweekhuis gasse te verminder. Die Kyoto meganismes en dus lugbesoedelingsverhandeling verskaf buigbaarheid aan besighede en lande om hul onderskeie besoedelingsbeperkingsdoelwitte op die mees koste effektiewe manier te bereik. Die antwoord op atmosfeer verwarming kan dalk so eenvoudig wees soos koop laag en verkoop hoog. Kweekhuisgasse is besig om net soos graan of goud 'n kommoditeit te raak. Daar word verwag dat die verhandeling in kweekhuis gas besoedelingsregte uiteindelik sal groei tot die grootste kommoditeitsmark ter wêreld. Ondersteuners van die Kyoto meganismes is van mening dat kweekhuisgas verhandeling ook ekonomiese en tegnologiese voordele inhou. Dit is 'n oogmerk van die Kyoto meganismes om die verskuiwing van tegnologie tussen ontwikkelde en ontwikkelende lande asook volhoubare groei te verseker. 'n Grysmark vir kweekhuisgas regte is reeds internasionaal, voor die beplande instelling van die Kyoto meganismes, aan die ontwikkel. Die reëls en regulasies vir die Kyoto meganismes is nog nie gefinaliseer nie. Dit en die onwilligheid van die VSA om die Protokol te onderteken, belemmer die vroegtydige implementering van die Kyoto meganismes en die effektiwiteit van die stelsel. Dit is die doelwit van die werkstuk om die leser bekend te maak met die funksionering van emissieverhandeling as 'n vryemark stelsel om omgewingsprobleme soos atmosfeerverwarming te verminder. Die werkstuk beoog ook om die kwessies betrokke by klimaatsverandering en die Kyoto meganismes aan die leser te verduidelik.

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Verma, Mangleshwar N. "New trends in environmental and socially responsible management in the cement manufacturing." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/5373.

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This thesis explores the environmental and social responsibilities being increasingly shouldered by cement manufacturing sector and outlines a new approach for these companies to accept their responsibilities and to utilise professional approaches to address the economic, environmental and social dimensions of sustainable business. Managing these three dimensions in business translates corporate responsibility into an integrated responsibility for doing business profitably, ethically and in sustainable manner. This three-pronged approach is sometimes called the Triple Bottom Line. It helps companies to fulfil their more holistic Corporate Social Responsibility. A critical review of the literature led the thesis author to develop the theoretical framework for environmental and social reporting to proceed on TBL/CSR journey within the cement industry. Data were collected from TBL/CSR reports from cement companies on key environmental and social performances. Based upon those data, a questionnaire was developed to obtain more information from the leading worldwide cement companies. The combined results of the responses to the questionnaire and the quantitative data derived from the TBL/CSR reports were used to establish best practice benchmarks to serve as performance targets for the author's case study company, Oman Cement Company (OCC). The contribution to knowledge of this research is the summarisation and prioritisation of the cement industry's implementation of TBL/CSR management systems, which integrate the elements of TBL/CSR into their strategic plans and daily operational procedures. Guidelines were derived from the Global Reporting Initiative, the United Nations Global Compact and the new ISO 26000 standard, which promotes a new way of working towards innovation, value creation and incremental actions for transforming businesses to become more responsible. The contributions to practice of this research are the practical and procedural insights, gained by quantitative analysis of environmental and social indicators, into how cement companies are making improvements in their processes and products in response to climate change, economic, governmental regulations and social pressures for improvement. Based upon the findings, recommendations and timetables were developed and are being implemented within the OCC as it progresses on its TBL/CSR journey.

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Hagy, Michael Richard. "TRUST AT NO SIGHT: ESTABLISHING TRUST IN THE PROCESS RATHER THAN IN THE INDIVIDUAL MEMBERS OF A GLOBAL VIRTUAL TEAM." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2018. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/518760.

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Business Administration/Strategic Management
D.B.A.
Current research has established the importance of establishing individual trust in global virtual teams to achieve project success. Global virtual teams (GVTs) emerged as a result of the growth of multi-national corporations (MNCs) conducting business operations in more than one country. This research explores eliminating the need to establish individual trust among the members of short-lived global virtual teams and suggests an institutional trust in the project’s processes can suffice. Beginning with an exploration of various aspects of trust, it draws from the current literature on individual and institutional trust in the real and virtual worlds. The data were gathered using two versions of an online survey administered to global virtual teams working for Infosys®, Inc., a global leader in technology services and consulting. The analysis was limited to small, short-lived Information Technology (IT) virtual teams of four to six members. Survey responses were received from 273 managers and 195 virtual team members. The results found support for institutional trust in the process, established through the team members’ favorable perception of their project’s online processes, as having a significant effect on supporting both individual trust among the team members, as well as ensuring project success. The paper concludes with potential costs and benefits to multi-national companies in their management and training of virtual teams. Finally, I provide suggestions for further research into the elimination of trust building exercises for short-lived virtual teams, as well as implications of these results for academicians and practitioners. Key words: trust, trustworthiness, reliance, process knowledge, multi-national Companies (MNCs), global virtual teams, computer-mediated environments
Temple University--Theses

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Nordmark, Sofia, and Anna Östling. "Hållbarhetsrapportens omfattning : En kvantitativ studie om hur svenska företags miljöinformation påverkas av deras storlek och miljöprestanda." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Företagsekonomi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-23812.

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Syfte: Syftet med studien är att på den svenska marknaden undersöka om mängden miljöinformation i företags hållbarhetsrapporter påverkas av deras storlek samt miljöprestanda. Metod: För att kunna besvara de framtagna hypoteserna i denna studie har hållbarhetsrapportens omfattning av miljöinformation studerats utifrån en innehållsanalys baserad på GRI:s riktlinjer G4. Storleken har beräknats utifrån nettoomsättningen och miljöprestandan utifrån mängden koldioxidutsläpp. Dessa variabler har sedan undersökts i en multipel regressionsanalys med kontroll för företagens bransch. Resultat och slutsats: Resultatet i studien visar likt tidigare forskning att det finns ett positivt signifikant samband mellan företagens omfattning av miljöinformation och deras miljöprestanda. Detta förklaras bland annat med hjälp av intressent- och legitimitetsteorin. Studiens andra resultat mellan företagens storlek och deras omfattning av miljöinformation visar däremot ett icke statistiskt signifikant samband, till skillnad från majoriteten av tidigare studier. Förslag till fortsatt forskning: Förslag till fortsatt forskning inom området är att genomföra en undersökning baserad på ett mer omfattande mått på miljöprestandan. Detta genom att utföra en kvalitativ studie innehållandes intervjuer. Vidare vore det intressant med ett större urval, då vi i denna studie enbart har studerat ett litet urval på grund av tidsbegränsning. Ytterligare ett förslag är att i framtiden göra en studie som undersöker hur rapporteringen av CSR har förändrats över tiden. Det vill säga om miljöinformationen har ökat eller om utsläppen har reducerats. Uppsatsens bidrag: Studien lämnar ett teoretiskt bidrag till forskningen på den svenska marknaden, då den har fyllt det forskningsgap som tidigare existerade. Studien har även tillfört ett praktiskt bidrag genom att bland annat ge allmänheten en insikt om hur företag väljer att rapportera om miljön i deras hållbarhetsrapporter.
Aim:The purpose of this study is to investigate whether Swedish company's extentof environmental information in the sustainability report is affected by their size and environmental performance.Method:In this study, a quantitativeresearch methodand a deductive approachis applied. To answer the purpose of thisstudy a content analysis based on theGRI Guideline has been performed. This is done to study the company's extentof environmental information. The firms sizewas calculated based on net sales and environmental performance based on the amount of carbon dioxide emissions. These variables werethen examined in amultiple regression analysiswith aspects taken each company’s line of business. This allows the study’s two hypotheses to be answered.ResultsandConclusions:The results show similar results from previous research, that there is a positive significant relationship between a company's extent of environmental information and their environmental performance. This is partly explained by the stakeholder and legitimacy theory. The study's other findings between company size and the extentof environmental information show however a non-statistically significant association, which is the opposite of the majority of previous studies. Suggestions for future research: Suggestions for further research in this area is to investigatea survey based on a more comprehensive measure of environmental performance. This is by conducting a qualitative study consisting of interviews. Furthermore, it would be interesting to investigate a larger sample, since we in this study only examinea small sample because of time constraints. A further proposal is to conduct a study investigating how the reporting of CSR has been affected over time. That is, if the environmental information has increased or if the emissions have been reduced.Contribution of the thesis: The study makes a theoretical contribution to research on the Swedish market, as it has filled the research gap previously existed. The study also has provided a practical contribution,which inter alia provides the public with an insight on how companies choose to report on their sustainability report.

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Haskins, Craig Ian. "Impacts of climate change : some economic considerations for decision-makers in the City of Cape Town, using Langebaan Lagoon as a case study." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50366.

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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2005
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Strong scientific evidence suggests that global warming is altering the world's climate and that this phenomenon is being accelerated as a result of human activities. Climate change is affecting weather patterns and, in addition to demonstrated sea-level rise, these in turn have and are likely to continue having significant, mostly negative, impacts - both economic and loss of life - on governments, industries and people. Ocean levels rose between 15 and 20 centimeters in the 20th century, mostly as a result of melting glaciers and thermal expansion of the oceans. The International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC, 2001a: 16) in its 2001 estimate suggests a potential rise in average sea level from nine to 88 centimeters from 1990 to 2100. Areas of risk in the City of Cape Town are residential property, infrastructure and beaches in low-lying areas. These areas are likely to be impacted as a result of increasing sea-level rise and increasing severity and frequency of storms. This study seeks to • demonstrate that sufficient evidence exists to compel decision-makers in the City of Cape Town that climate change and the impacts of sea-level rise and increasing frequency and severity of storms need to be considered in development planning; and • test cost-benefit analysis (through climate change impact analysis) as a tool for decision-makers to consider adaptation measures, using Langebaan as a case study. The research comprises a comprehensive literature study of the impacts of climate change, particularly with respect to coastal areas. A case study based on the eroding beaches at Langebaan is used to test cost-benefit analysis as a tool for decision-makers in dealing with the impacts. Despite the uncertainties associated with the impacts of climate change (time, place and extent) the issues of sea-level rise and severe storms seem to warrant further investigation, especially at a local level. This study provides local context to a global problem and makes recommendations for decision-makers in the City of Cape Town. Climate impact analysis (incorporating cost-benefit analysis) is suggested as a tool to quantify avoided damages at vulnerable coastal sites in the City of Cape Town. In conclusion, the impacts of climate change are a complex and multivariate problem. However, there are a number of identified vulnerable areas along the coastline of the City of Cape Town and using tools like climate impact analysis and cost-benefit analysis may assist in identifying, costing and managing these economic risks before the problem becomes unmanageable - a case for quantifying avoided damage.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Sterk wetenskaplike bewyse bestaan dat globale verwarming besig is om die wêreld se klimaat te verander en hierdie verskynsel word versnel deur die mens se handelinge. Klimaatsverandering affekteer weerpatrone en bykomend tot gedemonstreerde stygende seevlakke, sal dit waarskynlik 'n langdurige en meestal negatiewe impak - beide ekonomies en lewensverlies - op regerings, industrieë en mense hê. Seevlakke het in die twintigste eeu met tussen 15 en 20 sentimeter gestyg, meestal as gevolg van smeltende ysberge en hitte uitsetting van die oseane. Die 'International Panel on Climate Change' (IPCC, 2001a: 16) het in hul skatting 'n waarskynlike seevlak styging van tussen 9 en 88 sentimeters voorspel vir die tydperk 1990 - 2100. Risikogebiede in die Stad Kaapstad is residensiële gebiede, infrastruktuur en strande in laagliggende gebiede. Hierdie gebiede sal ge-affekteer word deur stygende seevlakke en groter en meer gereelde storms. Hierdie studie poog om • te demonstreer dat voldoende bewyse bestaan om besluitnemers van die Stad Kaapstad te oortuig dat weerveranderinge en die impak van seevlakstygings en toenemende storms in aanmerking geneem moet word in ontwikkelings beplanning; en • koste-voordeel analises (deur klimaatsverandering impak analises) te beproef as 'n hulpmiddel vir besluitnemers om aanpasbare maatreëls te oorweeg, deur Langebaan as 'n voorbeeld te gebruik. Ten spyte van onsekerhede wat saamgaan met die impak van klimaatverandering (tyd, plek en omvang) regverdig die problem van stygende seevlakke en erge storms verdere ondersoek, meer spesifiek op plaaslike vlak. Hierdie studie gee plaaslike konteks aan 'n globale probleem en maak aanbevelings aan beplanners van die Stad Kaapstad. Klimaat impak analises word as hulpmiddel voorgestel om vermybare skades by kwesbare kusgebiede in die Stad Kaapstad te kwantifiseer. Ten slotte: die impak van klimaatsverandering is 'n komplekse probleem met baie fasette. Nietemin is daar verskere sensitiewe areas langs die kus van Stad Kaapstad, en klimaat impak analises en koste-voordeel analises kan help met die identifisering, kosteberekening en bestuur van hierdie ekonomiese risiko areas, voordat dit onhanteerbaar raak.

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Leong, Elaine. "Water Situation In China - Crisis Or Business As Usual?" Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Industriell miljöteknik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-94186.

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Several studies indicates China is experiencing a water crisis, were several regions are suffering of severe water scarcity and rivers are heavily polluted. On the other hand, water is used inefficiently and wastefully: water use efficiency in the agriculture sector is only 40% and within industry, only 40% of the industrial wastewater is recycled. However, based on statistical data, China’s total water resources is ranked sixth in the world, based on its water resources and yet, Yellow River and Hai River dries up in its estuary every year. In some regions, the water situation is exacerbated by the fact that rivers’ water is heavily polluted with a large amount of untreated wastewater, discharged into the rivers and deteriorating the water quality. Several regions’ groundwater is overexploited due to human activities demand, which is not met by local. Some provinces have over withdrawn groundwater, which has caused ground subsidence and increased soil salinity. So what is the situation in China? Is there a water crisis, and if so, what are the causes?This report is a review of several global water scarcity assessment methods and summarizes the findings of the results of China’s water resources to get a better understanding about the water situation. All of the methods indicated that water scarcity is mainly concentrated to north China due to rapid growth, overexploitation from rivers and reduced precipitation. Whereas, South China is indicated as abundant in water resources, however, parts of the region are experiencing water scarcity due to massive dam constructions for water storage and power production. Too many dam constructions in a river disrupts flow of the river water and pollutants are then accumulated within floodgates.Many Chinese officials and scholars believe that with economic growth comes improved environmental quality when the economy has reached to a certain of per-capita level. However, with the present water situation it is not sustainable or possible for China to keep consuming and polluting its water resources. Improvement of environmental quality does not come automatically with increased income, and policies, laws and regulations are needed in order to stop further deterioration of the environment.China’s water situation is not any news and the key factor is human activities, but the question is how to solve it. China’s water crisis is much more complex than over exploitation of groundwater and surface water. There are three water issues in China: “too much water – floods, too little water – droughts, and too dirty water – water pollution” (Jun & Chen, 2001). Thus, solving China’s water crisis is a huge challenge to solve without negatively affecting the economic growth.

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Thuy, Nguyen, and Levan Asambadze. "Rapid and safe international expansion - is it possible? The case of Rezidor Hotel Group : The global market has become broadened and diversified at great pace, leading to the increasing demand for hospitality business and in particular for hotel industry (Rutherford & O'Fallon, 2007, p.14). However, globalization not only creates opportunities for hotel firms but also changes their business environment into fierce battlefield. In order to be competitive in conditions of fierce international competition, hotel firms need to acquire international presence and recognition. Thus, hotel firms must apply wise strategies regarding its international expansion, which invigorates them to search for new locations in an effort to diversify service and increase their flexibility to guarantee their survival and sustain their development (Rodriguez, 2002)." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för hållbar samhälls- och teknikutveckling, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-10081.

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Levestam, Olivia, and Isabella Sundberg. "Jämförbarhet mellan hållbarhetsredovisningar i den svenska energibranschen : En komparativ studie om hur energiföretag redovisar miljöaspekter över tid." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-46410.

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Bakgrund & Problemdiskussion: Hållbarhet är ett aktuellt och omdiskuterat ämne i det moderna samhället. I den hållbara utvecklingen bär företag ett stort ansvar där energibranschen har uppmärksammats för dess betydande inverkan på miljön. Företag tillhandahåller hållbarhetsredovisningar för att kommunicera hur de arbetar för att bidra till den hållbara utvecklingen. En intressentgrupp som efterfrågar information om detta är investerare då de är i behov av att kunna jämföra företags redovisningar vid investeringsbeslut. Trots tillämpning av samma riktlinjer förekommer det skillnader mellan företagens hållbarhetsredovisningar, vilket hämmar jämförbarheten. Tidigare forskning har visat att det är vanligt att företag upprättar hållbarhetsredovisningar enligt Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) vars riktlinjer och standarder skall främja både mätbarhet och jämförbarhet. Syfte: Utifrån det institutionella begreppet isomorfism bör företag som tillämpar samma riktlinjer bli mer jämförbara. Därav syftar denna studie till att undersöka hur jämförbarheten mellan svenska energiföretags hållbarhetsredovisningar har utvecklats över tid vid tillämpning av GRI. Metod: Studien har en kvalitativ ansats men omfattas även av kvantitativa inslag. En komparativ forskningsdesign har tillämpats då studien ämnar till att undersöka hur jämförbarheten mellan energiföretags hållbarhetsredovisningar har utvecklats över tid. Primärdata i form av hållbarhetsredovisningar för åren 2016 och 2019 har samlats in från sju energiföretag som följer GRI. Innehållet i hållbarhetsredovisningarna har analyserats utifrån en innehållsanalys som går under benämningen Consolidate Narrivate Interogation (CONI). Slutsats: Studiens resultat visar att jämförbarheten mellan hållbarhetsredovisningar av svenska energiföretag som följer GRI har ökat över tid. Däremot förekommer det skillnader gällande hur detaljerad information som tillhandahålls samt vad de anser är viktigast att informera om. Detta påvisar att även om jämförbarheten har ökat är företagens hållbarhetsredovisningar fortfarande inte jämförbara.
Background & Problem: Sustainability is a current and debated topic in modern society. Companies are held responsible to carry out the development of their goods and services in a sustainable way. The energy sector has been noticed for its considerable impact on the climate and the environment. Companies are providing sustainability reports to communicate their work to contribute to a more sustainable future. Investors are requesting sustainability reports to be able to compare the sustainable work within companies before making decisions regarding investments. There are guidelines to follow but despite that it is hard to compare the sustainability reports between companies. Research has found that it is common that the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) guidelines are used by companies and the guidelines aim to make the comparison between companies easier. Purpose: Companies using the same guidelines should be more comparable according to the institutional concept of isomorphism. The purpose of this study is to investigate if Swedish companies within the energy sector who use the GRI guidelines have become more comparable over time. Method: The study has a qualitative approach but do also contain qualitative elements. A comparative research design has been applied as the study aims to investigate how the comparability between energy companies’ sustainability reports have developed over time. Sustainability reports for the years 2016 and 2019 have been collected as the primary data from seven companies that follow the GRI guidelines within the energy sector. The content of the sustainability reports has been analysed based on a content analysis model called Consolidate Narrivate Interogation (CONI). Conclusion: The comparability between the companies sustainability reports have increased over time according to the findings of the study. There is still a difference though in the level of details provided and which topic that is the most important to provide information about. The conclusion of the study is that the companies are not comparable even if the comparability has increased over time.

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Danevad, Agnes, and Camilla Wik. "Utmaningar, hinder och möjligheter för minskade utsläpp av växthusgaser inom svensk tillverkningsindustri : Fallstudie på ett moderbolag i en tillverkande koncern." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Industriell ekonomi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-32920.

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På grund av de ökade utsläppen av växthusgaser, och att forskare angett klimatförändringar som en av de mest kritiska miljöfrågor människan stött på, har frågan kring utsläpp av växthusgaser blivit ett högaktuellt ämne. År 2016 trädde Parisavtalet i kraft med syfte till att stärka de globala åtgärderna mot klimatförändringar, och hittills har 189 länder skrivit på avtalet. Med anledning av klimatförändringarna och Parisavtalet har denna studie på hur företagsledningen arbetar strategiskt med frågor för att minska utsläpp av växthusgaser på ett fallföretag genomförts. För att kunna besvara studiens frågeställningar har en fallstudie genomförts på ett moderbolag i en koncern som arbetar med tillverkning och försäljning. Data samlades in genom enkäter och telefonintervjuer med totalt sex personer i fallföretagets ledningsgrupp och andra nyckelpersoner på och kring företaget. Litteraturstudier har också genomförts för att samla in tidigare forskning relaterat till ämnet. Enkäterna och intervjuerna har gett en insyn kring hur fallföretaget arbetar med miljö och hållbarhetsfrågor på företaget och i koncernen. Något som har identifierats som ett hinder för företaget är dess fokus på hög tillväxt, vilket har lett till att miljö- och hållbarhetsfrågor har varit lågt prioriterade. Det har även till viss del setts som problematiskt av respondenterna att det inte finns en dedikerad person som arbetar aktivt med dessa frågor på företaget. I studien har teori ställts mot resultatet för att kunna se vilka hinder, utmaningar och möjligheter ett företag har när det kommer till att arbeta strategiskt för att minska utsläppen av växthusgaser. Det ges en bild av hur Parisavtalet och andra klimatpolitiska åtgärder kan påverka företag. En visuell modell presenteras som visar sambandet mellan ny miljöreglering, innovation samt information och medvetenhet. Modellen beskriver en pågående process där företag, genom att arbeta med innovation, kan sprida information kring ny teknik och öka medvetenheten om de möjligheter som finns. En spridning av information och ökad medvetenheten kan motivera och underlätta införandet nya miljöregleringar, vilket i sin tur kan främja arbetet med innovation. Det har även tagits fram konkreta förslag på hur företag ska kunna arbeta för att minska utsläppen av växthusgaser genom ett miljöledningssystem, miljöbedömningar, produktutveckling, innovation och Supply chain management.
Due to the increased emissions of greenhouse gases, and the fact that researchers have identified climate change as one of the most critical environmental issues man has encountered, the subject of greenhouse gas emissions has become highly topical. In 2016, the Paris Agreement came into force with the aim of strengthening global measures against climate change, and so far 189 countries have signed the agreement. Due to climate change and the Paris Agreement, this study on how corporate management works strategically with issues to reduce greenhouse gas emissions on a case company has been conducted. To answer the study's questions, a case study has been conducted at a parent company in a group that works with manufacturing and sales. Data was collected through surveys and telephone interviews with a total of six people in the case company's management group and other key people in and around the company. Literature studies have also been conducted to collect previous research related to the subject. The surveys and interviews have provided an insight into how the case company works with environmental and sustainability issues at the company and in the group. Something that has been identified as an obstacle to the company is its focus on high growth, which has resulted in environmental and sustainability issues getting a low priority. It has also, to some extent, been seen as problematic by the respondents that there is not a dedicated person working actively with these issues at the company. In the study, theory was set against the results to be able to see what obstacles, challenges and opportunities a company has when it comes to working strategically to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. An image has been given of how the Paris Agreement and other climate policy measures can affect companies. A visual model has been presented that shows the connection between new environmental regulation, innovation and information and awareness. The model describes an ongoing process in which companies, by working with innovation, can disseminate information about new technologies and raise awareness of the opportunities that exist. The dissemination of information and increased awareness can motivate and facilitate the introduction of new environmental regulations, which in turn can promote the work on innovation. Concrete proposals have also been made on how companies can work to reduce greenhouse gas emissions through an environmental management system, environmental assessments, product development, innovation and Supply chain management.

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Aimiuwu, Ehi E. "Efficacy of Social Media to Promote Green Technology Use." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4030.

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Global warming has become a major threat to life, yet very little information systems research has been conducted to help sustain the environment and many people do not understand how social media can be used to combat global warming and climate change to save the earth. The purpose of this single qualitative case study was to explore whether social media can be used to increase the use of green technology, thereby reducing the cost of environmental sustainment. According to the integrated sustainability framework, which served as the conceptual framework for the study, firms should include green practices in their business processes, extend green culture to their customers, be innovative, and increase their green market share for the environment to be sustained. Twelve green energy professionals working in the United States were recruited from LinkedIn to participate in the study. Data were collected using structured telephone interviews, and data were analyzed using Stake's data analysis process and member checking. Key themes regarding the use of social media to increase the use of green technology included awareness, education, and reach. Key themes regarding the benefits of green technology outweighing the cost included cleaner, cheaper, and more profitable. This study shows that social media can be used to reach millions of people to educate and keep them aware of the benefits of various green technologies that can be used to live a green-friendly lifestyle towards sustaining the environment, people, and firms. The results of this study may encourage humans to use social media to increase the use of green technology to combat the threat of global warming and climate change.

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Davey, Peter J. "Municipal Public Health Planning and Implementation in Local Government in Queensland." Thesis, Griffith University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365756.

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The furious pace of global urbanisation has serious impacts on the long-term sustainability and health of the local communities in which we live. The debate about relationships between population size, environmental management and human well-being must now encompass the fundamental concept of sustainability (Rees, 1992; WCED, 1990; McMichael, 2002; Hancock, 1996). Increasingly, the local municipal level is the most influential setting in which to change our relationship with the environment (Chu, 1994; Chu et al., 2000). In the 1980s, the World Health Organisation (WHO) met this global challenge by advocating healthy public policy and laying foundations for its global Healthy Cities Movement. Significant support developed in the early nineties for participatory health planning action in local government: over 2000 cities world-wide developed municipal public health plans (MPH Plans). The Healthy Cities Movement through regional networks of cities and towns encouraged government partnerships with non-government agencies and industry, to anticipate and mitigate urbanisation’s negative impacts. In Queensland eighteen local governments have developed and implemented MPH Plans using a seven-step process (Chapman and Davey, 1997; WHO (1997b) to improve local planning for health and address the social determinants of health through agency collaboration. There is however limited understanding and evidence of the success factors for the effective implementation of MPH Plans. Studies of the evaluation of Municipal Public Health Planning (MPHP) approaches have focused predominately on the evaluation of the process of planning, without conducting comprehensive evaluation of its implementation. The organisational barriers that contribute to ineffective health-planning implementation have not been well researched and documented. Here lies the gap in the research: MPHP requires thorough qualitative assessment, not only of the planning process, but also the implementation impacts. This research explores the achievements, barriers and success factors associated with MPHP implementation in local government organisations by developing a process and impact evaluation framework and applying it to two MPHP projects in Queensland: one, local planning in an expanding tourist city of over 400,000 people; the second, a regional approach involving two provincial cities with a combined population of 100,000 residents. The research examines the degree of collaboration resulting from health planning and assesses if the aims of the MPH Plans have been met. MPHP is both a health promotion tool and a strategic business planning process applied in local communities: this research seeks to understand more about organisational strategic management issues that act as barriers to planning or impact on the success of planning outcomes. This study design uses qualitative methods with a triangulation approach to analyse and understand the complexities of MPH Plan implementation. Grounded theory provides a methodology for interpreting meanings and discovering themes from the comprehensive process and impact evaluation consisting of preliminary cases studies, key informant interviews, using specific process and impact indicator questions and an analysis of MPHP models compared to other CPHP models and legislative frameworks. The impacts of the intervention are discussed and relate to the implementation effects of MPHP on individuals and organisations including council, government and non-government agencies and on the community. Achievements and barriers associated with MPHP are identified and discussed. Three main factors emerged. Firstly, MPHP had significantly increased the degree of intersectoral collaboration between the agency project partners, with particular success in clarifying the role of agencies in the management and delivery of public health services. The principles of successful partnerships need to be further articulated in local government settings to successfully implement MPHP. Secondly, positive political and organisational support was found to be a critical factor in the success of the planning implementation. Thirdly, and most importantly, the aims of the MPHP had not been substantially met due to a lack of financial and human resources. The study concluded that, although MPHP has strengths and weaknesses compared to other CPHP models, its features most suit local government. Success factors recommended for effective MPHP include formalising collaboration and partnerships and improved agency organisational governance in planning; building individual and organisational capacity to strengthen strategic planning; integrating the many layers of regulatory planning in local government and other agencies; sustaining planning structures and processes through regulation and commitment to investment in implementation stages of MPHP. The study’s major recommendation is that, for MPHP local government should facilitate a three-dimensional platform approach: healthy governance – long-term vision, recognising the many layers of planning, supported by state legislation and local industry and with awareness of legislative planning frameworks; a platform mechanism – sustaining agency networking, hosting the stakeholder forum, supporting the advisory committee, enhancing communication; and strategy implementation – in the context of an improved understanding of organisational behaviour, local government and agencies must action priority strategies, formalising agency partners responsibility, articulating desired outcomes, monitoring progress and evaluation. This recommended Platform Approach to MPHP provides an effective model for managing and implementing future MPH Plans, allocating resources three ways: to build people’s capacity to engage in planning mechanisms, to build organisational capacity to manage planning outcomes and to build more effective Healthy Cities planning approaches. The MPHP evaluation framework developed in this thesis could be used to evaluate other MPHP projects in local governments both in Australia and internationally.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Centre for Environment and Population Health
Faculty of Environmental Sciences
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Oduro-Kwateng, George. "The evaluation of environmental reporting by publicly listed South African banks." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003860.

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Recently, bankers have come to realise that banking operations, especially corporate lending, affect and are affected by the natural environment and that consequently, the banks might have an important role to play in helping to raise environmental standards. Although the environment presents significant risks to banks, in particular environmental credit risk, it also perhaps presents profitable opportunities. Stricter environmental regulations have forced companies to invest in environmentally friendly technologies and pollution control measures and in tum generated lending opportunities for bankers. This research examines the corporate practices of three of the four dominant banks in South Africa with respect to the environment, focusing on issues of climate change and environmental risk management by way of reporting and disclosure to all stakeholders. The emphasis on environmental reporting by South African banks has been reinforced by the latest release of the King III Report on Corporate Governance in South Africa. Global governance requires that the triple-bottom line should be applied in all corporate undertakings due to globalisation and trade liberalisation; however, the banking sector has responded poorly to the clarion call. The false view that the banks have no significant relationship with environmental degradation is being disproved. Environmental management is a huge and massive reconstruction of what has gone wrong with nature by human influence. The South African banks have had to face with the challenging tasks of reporting on the direct and mostly the indirect impacts of their environmental activities. Based on the three sampled banks which incidentally had greater percentages of the market capitalizations, the banks have fairly performed in environmental reporting. For example, Standard Bank (SA) Ltd has just signed the Equator Principles in 2007 implying corporate lending was done in 2007 without any respect to environmental impact assessments by corporate borrowers. Consequently, environmental reporting was not done to facilitate informed decision-making by stakeholders mostly shareholders and the communities where borrowers tun businesses. The objective of this research study is to investigate the extent and quantity of/voluntary environmental disclosures in the annual and sustainability reports of the banks listed on Johannesburg Stock Exchange. The periods examined were those subsequent to the release of the Exposure Draft Coalition for Environmentally Responsible Economies (CERES) Global Reporting Initiatives (GRI) issued in 1999. Using content analysis to focus on the environmental aspects, the research study compared three annual reports and three sustainability reports of 2007 year for the three sampled banks in order to evaluate reporting practices in the period surrounding this intervention. The results suggest a trend to triple bottom-line reporting and the extent and quantity of environmental information, albeit in specific categories.

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Carvalho, Cristiane Caldas. "RESPONSABILIDADE SÓCIO-AMBIENTAL EMPRESARIAL: a inserção do Direito Ambiental e Sanitário e o grau de adesão ao Pacto Global/ONU nas atividades produtivas em São Luís - Maranhão." Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 2009. http://tedebc.ufma.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/1074.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-19T17:47:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CRISTIANE_ CALDAS_ CARVALHO.pdf: 1433847 bytes, checksum: 7532fb6011e227f2cbdde27f3baa9148 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-02-19
The theme of social business accountability (SBA) has been evidenced in face of challenges to the sustainment of productive activities. The impacts, notoriously positive and negative, in an economic, social and environmental field, don t recognize geo-political boundaries and reach an indeterminate number of people and nations. Political, judicial and social tendencies consolidated a minimum position of State and regulation of relations according to market demands. The unrestricted access to goods and services created an environment of unfavorable consumption to sustainable development and this fact motivated the social movements to promote a debate, among other themes, about the concept of social business accountability. In this way, in 1999 the United Nations Organization (UNO), in a pioneer performance, singularized the importance of the companies having an ethical commitment with society and proposed an international commitment for sustainable development. It was the emergence of the Global Pact and Millennial Development Goals (MDG). In this perspective, technical and judicial instruments were developed or identified, mainly in the areas of health, occupational security and environment, giving special attention to Sanitary and Environmental Rights in the Federal Constitution, federal legislation, international devices and pertinent technical norms. With the objective of identifying the insertion of the Sanitary and Environmental Rights and the degree of adhesion to the principles of the Global Pact, as well as contributions from the businesses to the MDGs in São Luís/MA, a sample of 27 companies associated to the ICE-MA., were researched. By means of self-evaluation questionnaires, a registered profile, the evidences of attention to legal requirements of health, environmental and occupational security, the actual stage of actions and social accountability programs, and finally the degree of adhesion to the Global Pact principles and the actions directed towards the MDGs, were identified. By the analysis sample that was considered, it was confirmed that the companies that were researched are located in a distributive manner in the areas of 07 hydrographic basins in the municipal area of São Luís, being that the majority is in conformity with the demands of environmental licensing, plan of medical and occupational health control and a plan of environmental risk prevention, with 0,32% of the total of sample workers involved in work accidents. It is also confirmed that the companies, in their majority, recognize the SBA as an ethical relation with all the public with whom it relates` and even without a specialized administrative structure in SBA, the companies are dedicated to punctual actions by their own initiative or in partnerships, with the application of a significant amount estimated in resources. In relation to the degree of adhesion to the principles of the Global Pact, the companies were identified mainly in the advanced or intermediate stages, outstanding in the elimination of forced or compulsory labor. It was also confirmed that the initiatives of the companies for the MDGs in São Luís are still lacking, although there is ample distinction for the combat against HIV/AIDS and other diseases and for the access to basic universal education.
O tema da responsabilidade social empresarial RSE tem se evidenciado diante dos desafios à sustentabilidade das atividades produtivas. Os impactos, notoriamente positivos e negativos, em âmbito econômico, social e ambiental, não reconhecem fronteiras geopolíticas e atingem um número indeterminado de pessoas e nações. Tendências políticas, jurídicas e sociais consolidaram uma postura de Estado mínimo e regulação das relações de acordo com as demandas de mercado. O acesso irrestrito a bens e serviços criou um ambiente de consumo desfavorável ao desenvolvimento sustentável e tal fato motivou os movimentos sociais a promover o debate, entre outros temas, sobre o conceito de responsabilidade social empresarial. Neste sentido, em 1999 a Organização das Nações Unidas ONU, em atuação pioneira, destacou a importância do compromisso ético das empresas com a sociedade e propôs um compromisso internacional para o desenvolvimento sustentável. Foi o surgimento do Pacto Global e das Metas de Desenvolvimento do Milênio (ODM s). Nesta perspectiva, instrumentos técnicos e jurídicos foram desenvolvidos ou identificados, sobretudo nas áreas de saúde e segurança ocupacionais e meio ambiente, conferindo especial destaque ao Direito Sanitário e Ambiental na Constituição Federal, legislação federal, dispositivos internacionais e normas técnicas pertinentes. Com o objetivo de identificar a inserção do Direito Ambiental e Sanitário e o grau de adesão aos princípios do Pacto Global, bem como as contribuições das empresas aos ODM s em São Luís/Ma, foi pesquisada a amostra de 27 empresas associadas ao ICE-Ma. Através da aplicação de questionários de auto-avaliação identificou-se o perfil cadastral, as evidências de atendimento aos requisitos legais de saúde e segurança ocupacional e meio ambiente, o estágio atual de ações e programas de responsabilidade social e, por fim, o grau de adesão aos princípios do Pacto Global e as ações voltadas aos ODM s. Pela análise da amostra considerada, constatou-se que as empresas pesquisadas localizam-se distribuídas nas áreas das 07 bacias hidrográficas do município de São Luís, estando em sua maioria em conformidade com as exigências de licenciamento ambiental, plano de controle médico e saúde ocupacional e plano de prevenção de riscos ambientais, com 0,32% do total de funcionários da amostra envolvidos em acidentes de trabalho. Constatou-se ainda que as empresas, em sua maioria, reconhecem a RSE como a relação ética com todos os públicos com os quais ela se relaciona e que mesmo sem uma estrutura administrativa especializadas em RSE, as empresas dedicam-se a ações pontuais por iniciativa própria ou em parcerias, com a aplicação de significativo volume estimado de recursos. Quanto ao grau de adesão aos princípios do Pacto Global, as empresas identificaram-se majoritariamente nos estágios avançado ou intermediário, com destaque para a eliminação do trabalho forçado ou compulsório. Constatou-se ainda que as iniciativas das empresas para os ODM s em São Luís ainda são tímidas, embora haja amplo destaque para o combate ao HIV/AIDS e outras doenças e para o acesso ao ensino básico universal.

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Melén, Cecilia, and Mirea Wolff. "Consumption of sustainable food products : A study of the Sustainable purchase perception matrix and Sustainable lead consumers; A life cycle assessment of BäR smoothie." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-435079.

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Part 1 The scientific community has identified an attitude-action gap for demographic and psychographic variables when studying sustainable purchase behaviour. By focusing on what happens during the purchase instead of the purchaser, this cross-sectional study aims to understand sustainable purchase behaviour when consumers purchase sustainable food. The scope of this study focused on the consumer’s perceived degree of Confidence and Com- promise when purchasing sustainable food products as suggested by Peattie in the Green purchase perception matrix. However, since the study included environmental and social responsibility, we renamed the matrix to the Sustainable purchase perception matrix. The focus was also on a new construct created in this study called the Sustainable lead consumer. The degree of Confidence was measured through the consumer’s own belief in the ability to have a positive sustainability impact, i.e. Perceived consumer effectiveness (PCE) and the consumer’s domain-specific sustainability interests. The degree of Compromise was measured through the consumer’s Willingness to pay (WTP) for certain sustainability attributes. The data was collected through a questionnaire (N=436), and the result showed that the correlation between consumers’ WTP and PCE was weak, positive and significant within the sustainability interests Organic food, Animal welfare and Natural resources. As mentioned, Confidence and Compromise was examined through the variables PCE, sustainability interests and WTP. To reveal if the consumers experienced other variables within Confidence and Compromise a thematic analysis of consumers’ perceived scepticism towards sustainability marketing was conducted. The result identified 15 themes that could be associated with the variable Confidence and 17 themes that could be associated with the variable Compromise. By creating a new construct, the Sustainable lead consumer, the study identified a consumer who was considered ahead of the sustainability trend and benefited greatly from solutions in this trend. The correlation between WTP and domain-specific sustainability interests for Sustainable lead consumers was non-significant but strong (n=377). When comparingSustainable lead consumers’ WTP to the remaining population, the Wilcoxon rank-sum test showed no significant evidence that the Sustainable lead consumers had a higher WTP for their domain-specific sustainability interests. A potential attitude-action gap among the Sustainable lead consumers was examined by evaluating if a high degree of Confidence and Compromise led to actual sustainable purchase behaviour. The analysis showed that only a small proportion of Sustainable lead consumers with a high degree of PCE and WTP had an actual sustainable purchase behaviour. This was likely due to the existing attitude-action gap where the consumers’ attitude is not reflected in their actual behaviour. Part 2 Food production and consumption have a major impact on the environment, primarily from agriculture, but also from the processing of food, transportation and waste management. Increased environmental awareness among consumers has led to a demand for transparency in the food production chain and thus an increased demand for knowledge about food’s environmental impact. By studying the environmental impact of the product BäR smoothie from the Finnish company Toripiha, this study aims to identify environmental hotspots in the product’s production chain. A life cycle assessment (LCA) was conducted in accordance with the ISO standards ISO 14040 and ISO 14044, to investigate the environmental impact of a bottle of BäR smoothie á 250 ml. The LCA was attributional, meaning that it aims to depict the product’s environmental impact over its life cycle. The environmental impact categories global warming, eutrophication and primary energy use were included, and measured with the impact category indicators carbon dioxide equivalents (CO2-eq), phosphate equivalents (PO4-eq) and megajoule (MJ). Inventory data were collected mainly from the database Ecoinvent version 3.7, but also from scientific articles and previous studies, as well as the calculation tool NTMCalc Basic 4.0. The results of this study highlight the parts of the production chain of BÄR smoothie that have the most significant environmental impact concerning the chosen impact categories. A bottle of BäR smoothie á 250 ml contributed to a total of 120 g CO2-eq, 0.39 g PO4-eq and 2.8 MJ. The smoothie bottle, i.e. the production of the virgin bottle grade PET granulate (vPET) and recycled bottle grade PET granulate (rPET), had the largest impact on global warming and primary energy use of all the components, and also had a significant impact on eutrophication. As most of this contribution comes from the production of vPET granulate, Toripiha was advised to purchase bottles that have a higher content of rPET granulate to decrease the smoothie’s environmental impact. It was also evident that the transportation of components was a significant contributor to global warming, eutrophication and primary energy use. Since transportation had such an impact on the result, Toripiha needs to strive towards short and efficient transport of the different components to reduce the environmental impact from transportation.
Del 1 Forskare inom hållbart konsumtionsbeteende har identifierat en diskrepans mellan attityd och beteende för demografiska och psykografiska variabler. Genom att studera vad som händer hos konsumenten under ett köp, i stället för tidigare nämnda variabler, vill denna tvärsnittsstudie identifiera vad som driver hållbart konsumtionsbeteende av livsmedel. Denna studie fokuserade på konsumenters upplevda nivå av Confidence och Compromise vid köp av hållbar mat så som föreslås av Peattie’s Green purchase perception matrix. Dock så användes matrisen till att studera både miljömässig och social hållbarhet och döptes således om till Sustainable purchase perception matrix. Studien undersökte även ett nytt koncept som skapades i detta examensarbete, nämligen Sustainable lead consumer adapterat från Von Hippel’s Lead user. Graden av Confidence mättes genom att studera konsumentens tro på den egna förmågan att ha en positiv hållbarhetspåverkan, dvs. Percieved consumer effectiveness (PCE), samt domän-specifika hållbarhetsintressen. Graden av Compromise mättes genom konsumentens villighet att kompromissa genom att betala för olika hållbarhetsattribut, även kallat Willingness to pay (WTP). Data samlades in genom en enkät (N=436), och resultatet visade att det fanns en svag, positiv och signifikant korrelation mellan PCE och WTP inom hållbarhetsintressena Ekologisk mat, Djurvälfärd och Naturresurser. Vidare utfördes en tematisk analys av kvalitativ data för att studera vilka andra variabler än hållbarhetsintressen, WTP och PCE som påverkade variablerna Confidence och Compromise. Detta resulterade i 15 teman som kunde relateras till Confidence och 17 teman till Compromise. Genom att skapa ett nytt koncept, Sustainable lead consumer, identifierade denna studie en konsument som ansågs vara i framkant av hållbarhetstrenden och som drog stora fördelar av denna trend. Korrelationen mellan WTP och Sustainable lead consumer’s var stark men ej signifikant (n=377). När dessa konsumenter jämfördes med resterande population, visade Wilcoxon rank-sum test inga signifikanta bevis på att Sustainable lead consumer’s hade ett högre WTP än resterande population. Huruvida en attityd och beteende diskrepans existerade för Sustainhable lead consumers studerades genom att se om en hög grad av Confidence och Compromise ledde till en högre av hållbar konsumtionsbeteende. Analysen visade att det endast var en liten andel av Sustainable lead consumers med ett högt PCE och WTP som också hade ett hållbart konsumtionsbeteende. Detta beror troligen på diskrepansen mellan attityd och beteende där konsumenternas attityd inte reflekteras i deras faktiska konsumtionsbeteenden. Del 2 Produktion och konsumtion av livsmedel har en stor påverkan på miljön, primärt från jordbruket men även genom behandling av livsmedel, transporter och avfallshantering. En ökad medvetenhet hos konsumenter har resulterat i en ökad efterfrågan av transparens i produktionskedjan av livsmedel, och därmed ett ökat behov av kunskap gällande olika livsmedels miljöpåverkan. Genom att studera miljöpåverkan från produkten BäR smoothie från det finska företaget Toripiha är syftet med denna studie att identifiera delar i produktens produktionskedja som har en betydande miljöpåverkan, så kallade hotspots. För att studera miljöpåverkan från en flaska BäR smoothie á 250 ml utfördes en livscykelanalys (LCA) i enlighet med ISO-standarderna ISO 14040 och ISO 14044. Närmare bestämt utfördes en bokförings-LCA, vilket innebär att miljöpåverkan studeras utifrån produktens livscykel. De miljöpåverkanskategorier som inkluderades i studien var global uppvärmning, övergödning och primärenergianvändning, som mättes med kategoriindikatorerna koldioxidekvivalenter (CO2-ekv), fosfatekvivalenter (PO4-ekv) och megajoule (MJ). Den inventeringsdata som användes hämtades främst från databasen Ecoinvent version 3.7, men även från vetenskapliga artiklar och tidigare studier, samt från beräkningsverktyget NTMCalc Basic 4.0. Resultaten av denna studie belyser de delar i produktionskedjan för BÄR smoothie som har störst miljöpåverkan med avseende de valda miljöpåverkanskategorierna. En flaska BäR smoothie á 250 ml bidrog totalt med 120 g CO2-ekv, 0,39 g PO4-ekv och 2,8 MJ. Den komponent med störst miljöpåverkan med avseende på global uppvärmning och primär energianvändning och som även hade en betydande inverkan på övergödning var flaskan, dvs. produktion av PET-granulat (vPET) och återvunnen PET-granulat (rPET). Eftersom majoriteten av detta bidrag kom från produktionen av vPET-granulat, rekommenderades Toripiha att använda flaskor som har ett högre innehåll av rPET-granulat för att minska produktens totala miljöpåverkan. Det var också tydligt att transporten av komponenter stod för en betydande del av miljöpåverkan med avseende på samtliga miljöpåverkanskategorier. För att minska miljöpåverkan från transporter bör Toripiha därför sträva efter kortare och mer effektiva transporter för de olika komponenterna.

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Saad, Pedro Fernandes. "Empresas eODS: priorizando as ações sustentáveis de maior retorno econômico, social e ambiental para a humanidade." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2018. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/21547.

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Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-09T10:23:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pedro Fernandes Saad.pdf: 3567757 bytes, checksum: a541132c7b6c355a8ad4c3842debd248 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-09-13
Comprising 8 goals and 21 associated targets, the United Nations Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), which were in forcesincethe beginning of the millennium until2015, have produced good results. Although this success was not entirely due to the MDGs,but also to a number of other global favorable circumstances, such as China's accelerated growth in the period, significant reductions were observed in global indices such as extreme poverty, hunger, out-of-school children and child mortality. The 2030 Agenda, which has succeeded the MDGs since 2016, is composed of 17 Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs) and 169 associated targets, representing a much greater ambition to be achieved in an equalperiod of 15 years. According to the United Nations DevelopmentProgram (UNDP), it is estimated that US$ 5-7 trillion will be needed to meet the SDGs, with a deficit of US$ 2.5 trillion in developing countries, an order of greatness above the assistance they receive from developed countries, in the order of billions. It is a consensus that this difference can only be covered through partnerships involving the UN, governments, Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) and the private sector (companies and investors). This idea is advocatedby both market experts and the UN itself. Since the creation of the United Nations Global Compact in 2000, UNhas discussed partnerships every two years in the General Assemblies and has dedicated SDG17 to specifically deal with the partnerships to achieve the other SDGs. In order to stimulate the active participation of companies in SDGs, incorporating sustainability into their value chains, the Global Compact has been active on several fronts, including the provision of Blueprint for Business Leadership in the SDGs (BBL), a guide that presents suggestions for possible actions and guidelines on how to implement them. However, these actions are presented qualitatively, without any kind of expected cost/benefit parameter that can help companies and investors in decision making. This is a matterthat the Copenhagen Consensus Center (CCC) addresses in the Post-2015 Consensus, suggesting the prioritization of SDGtargets based on a return perdollar invested ratio, although the return,in this case,is the benefit to people, the planetand prosperity. The objective of this work is to propose a method to assist companies in decision making regarding thechoice of sustainable actions to be carried out in partnership with governments, NGOs and the UN itself, as recommended by SDG17, taking into account the cost/benefit ratio in terms of return (for mankind) per dollar invested. For this, the actions listed by the CCC in the Post-2015 Consensusare taken as basis and, for those that can be executed by companies, the model proposed in the BBL by the Global Compact is applied. The aim is to enhance the impact of sustainable actions carried out by companies and to help the UN and its specialized agencies, programs and funds to select and prioritize the most impactful partnerships, thereby contributing to achieving the intended targets by 2030
Compostos por oito objetivos e 21 metas associadas, os Objetivos de Desenvolvimento do Milênio (ODM) da Organização das Nações Unidas (ONU), que vigoraram do início do milênio até 2015, produziram bons resultados. Ainda que este sucesso não tenha sido integralmente devido aos ODM, mas também a uma série de outras conjunturas globais favoráveis, como o crescimento acelerado da China no período, foram observadas significativas reduções em índices globais como extrema pobreza, fome, crianças fora da escola e mortalidade infantil. A Agenda 2030, que sucedeu os ODM a partir de 2016, é composta por 17 Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável (ODS) e 169 metas associadas, representando uma ambição muito maior para ser atingida em igual prazo de 15 anos. De acordo com o Programa das Nações Unidas para o Desenvolvimento (PNUD), estima-se que serão necessários de US$ 5 a 7 trilhões para atingir os ODS, sendo que nos países em desenvolvimento há um déficit de US$ 2.5 trilhões. Trata-se deuma ordem de grandeza acima da assistência que eles recebem dos países desenvolvidos, na casa de bilhões. É consenso que esta diferença só pode ser coberta por meio de parcerias que envolvam a ONU, governos, Organizações Não-Governamentais (ONGs) e o setor privado (empresas e investidores). Esta ideia é defendida tanto por especialistas do mercado, como pela própria ONU, que desde a criação do Pacto Global das Nações Unidas, em 2000, discute o tema das parcerias a cada dois anos nas Assembleias Gerais, além de ter dedicado o ODS 17 para tratar especificamente das parcerias para o atingimento dos demais Objetivos. Para estimular a participação ativa das empresas nos ODS, incorporando a sustentabilidade em suas cadeias de valor, oPacto Global tem atuado em diversas frentes, dentre elas a disponibilização do Blueprint for Business Leadership on the SDGs(BBL), um guia que apresenta sugestões de possíveis ações e orientações de como implementá-las. Entretanto, essas ações são apresentadas qualitativamente, sem nenhum tipo de parâmetro de relação custo/benefícioesperada que possa auxiliar as empresas e investidores na tomada de decisão. Esta é uma questão que o Copenhagen Consensus Center (CCC) endereça no Post-2015 Consensus, sugerindo a priorização das metas dos ODS com base em umarelação de retorno por dólarinvestido, embora o retorno, neste caso, seja o benefício para as pessoas, o planeta e a prosperidade. O trabalho tem por objetivo propor um método para auxiliar as empresas na tomada de decisão em relação à escolha de ações sustentáveis a serem realizadas em parceria com governos, ONGs e a própria ONU, conforme preconiza o ODS 17, levando em consideração o fator custo/benefício em termos de retorno (para a humanidade) por dólar investido. Para isto, tomam-se por base as ações listadas pelo CCC no Post-2015 Consensuse, para aquelas que podem ser executadas por empresas, aplica-se o modelo proposto no BBL pelo Pacto Global. Pretende-se, desta forma, potencializar o impacto das ações sustentáveis executadas pelas empresas e ajudar a ONU e suas agênciasespecializadas,programas e fundos a selecionareme priorizaremas parcerias de maior impacto, contribuindo, desta forma, para o atingimento das metas pretendidas até 2030

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Kinuthia, Wanyee. "“Accumulation by Dispossession” by the Global Extractive Industry: The Case of Canada." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/30170.

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This thesis draws on David Harvey’s concept of “accumulation by dispossession” and an international political economy (IPE) approach centred on the institutional arrangements and power structures that privilege certain actors and values, in order to critique current capitalist practices of primitive accumulation by the global corporate extractive industry. The thesis examines how accumulation by dispossession by the global extractive industry is facilitated by the “free entry” or “free mining” principle. It does so by focusing on Canada as a leader in the global extractive industry and the spread of this country’s mining laws to other countries – in other words, the transnationalisation of norms in the global extractive industry – so as to maintain a consistent and familiar operating environment for Canadian extractive companies. The transnationalisation of norms is further promoted by key international institutions such as the World Bank, which is also the world’s largest development lender and also plays a key role in shaping the regulations that govern natural resource extraction. The thesis briefly investigates some Canadian examples of resource extraction projects, in order to demonstrate the weaknesses of Canadian mining laws, particularly the lack of protection of landowners’ rights under the free entry system and the subsequent need for “free, prior and informed consent” (FPIC). The thesis also considers some of the challenges to the adoption and implementation of the right to FPIC. These challenges include embedded institutional structures like the free entry mining system, international political economy (IPE) as shaped by international institutions and powerful corporations, as well as concerns regarding ‘local’ power structures or the legitimacy of representatives of communities affected by extractive projects. The thesis concludes that in order for Canada to be truly recognized as a leader in the global extractive industry, it must establish legal norms domestically to ensure that Canadian mining companies and residents can be held accountable when there is evidence of environmental and/or human rights violations associated with the activities of Canadian mining companies abroad. The thesis also concludes that Canada needs to address underlying structural issues such as the free entry mining system and implement FPIC, in order to curb “accumulation by dispossession” by the extractive industry, both domestically and abroad.

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El, hajjari Borg Mounia, and Elin Sundberg. "Licence to Talk : Sustainability Managers and their Managerial Realities within the Corporate Sustainability Paradox." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-448552.

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While sustainability-dedicated managers and related titles represent a profession that has hardly existed for more than a decade, it is not surprising that the field of research concentrating on these professionals is in itself relatively new. With an increasing demand for corporations to take their social and environmental responsibility, and a corporate sustainability characterized by tension and paradox, we found it of importance to explore the role and entanglements of these professionals. By analysing 17 in-depth interviews with sustainability-dedicated professionals from the private sector in Sweden, our interpretation is that sustainability managers hold the function of selling sustainability, with talk as their main weapon. Expressly, in the intersection between business-case logics and sustainability logics, sustainability managers have to, above all, make a convincing case for sustainability, inwards and outwards. Therefore, they draw dynamically on different narratives which we conceptualise in three roles: the chameleon, the pragmatic, and the nagging manager. Through these roles, we intend to capture the fluidity with which the managers relate and engage with sustainability, and hence we do not mean to ossify a role’s dynamics within a single, static or stereotypical category. We discuss these findings and concepts to the background of previous studies and existing literature.

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"Key determinants in strategic realignment within a digital global business environment." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/324.

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Information and communication technology is rapidly transforming the world of business. It in particular has played a significant role in globalisation, the ramifications of which South Africa can ill afford to ignore. A key facet of emerging innovative technologies and globalisation is the environmental uncertainty, complexity and turbulence it has engendered. Traditional strategic management paradigms and practice are largely founded on the assumption of environmental predictability, a reality that is rapidly being eroded. This thesis attempts to determine to what degree strategic management theory still correlates with contemporary strategic management practice. Various levels of environmental uncertainty are defined in order to gain clarity as to strategic management processes that are best suited for dealing therewith. Three key determinants are identified as having a significant impact on the strategic realignment of business institutions within a global business environment, namely information and communication technology, business systems, and change management. A central tenet that emerges from the study is the need for a framework to integrate the first two mentioned determinants at strategic and operational levels, while taking due cognisance of the human resources implications involved. Human emotions, feelings, relationships, fears, values, beliefs and aspirations collectively assume relevance as dimensions that can either inhibit or facilitate the strategic realignment process. These dimensions are analysed with reference to the concepts “emotional intelligence” and “organisational culture” in order to gain a greater understanding of the role they play in strategy formulation and implementation. Leadership is also identified as being business critical in managing strategic realignment. The findings of this study serve as a source of reference for researchers and practitioners who are attempting to formulate and implement strategy within contexts that are best described as being uncertain, complex and subject to discontinuous change.
Prof. N. Lessing

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Luo, Chau-Yi, and 羅朝一. "Design of Communication Platform for B2B2C, B2B2Ci Business Operation in Global Supply Chain Environment." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/62511840092992838047.

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碩士
國立臺灣大學
機械工程學研究所
90
The economic formation of enterprise in these days develops gradually to globalization and internationalization. The business competition is not limited in area, but is the same to the developmental formation of enterprise. The globalization and internationalization of business competition is a natural trend. For this reason, the enterprises have to integrate its resources. Moreover, an important issue is how to integrate effectively the resources of upstream and backward through cooperated with business partners. Cooperated with others and integrated with upstream and backward between the enterprises forms a supply chain. Therefore, how to make the supply chain operate successfully becomes an important link to create the whole profit of supply chain. This research tries to raise a design concept of communication platform for business operation in the supply chain. The concept is not only speed and convenient to exchange information between the members of the supply chain, but also provides an idea of knowledge and system pattern. In addition, the concept can assist the enterprises to accumulate knowledge and build application system quickly.

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Manuj, Ila. "A Computer-Based Simulation Investigation of Environment-Strategy Fit for Risk Management in Global Supply Chains." 2007. http://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/236.

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The purpose of this dissertation is to examine the phenomenon of risk management in global supply chains. Drawing from logistics, supply chain management, operations management, economics, international business, and strategy literatures and a qualitative study, a comprehensive conceptual model of environment-strategy fit for risk management in global supply chains was developed. External environmental conditions comprising of supply and demand risks, four risk management strategies, namely hedging, assuming, postponement, and speculation, and a moderator in the form of a port disruption were chosen for further investigation. The model was quantitatively tested using a simulation. The findings from this dissertation study reflect mixed results. Findings that conform to existing research, primarily related to hedging and speculation strategies, provide empirical support for extant knowledge that is primarily conceptual or experience-based. On the other hand, findings that are contrary to existing knowledge or are supported under very select conditions, primarily related to assuming and postponement strategies, provide interesting new insights into the phenomenon. The findings add to both theoretical and practical understanding of the phenomenon. This research opens up several new research directions that indicate that continued research is needed to facilitate both theoretical and empirical progress in better understanding of risk management in global supply chains.

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Platzek, Bernd Peter. "The role of intrapreneurship in a globally competitive technology business environment : a design concept and empirical study." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/28210.

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The background of this examination is that we live in a dynamic and complex global business environment which requires entrepreneurial thinking and action in organisations (intrapreneurship) if they are to secure viability. Companies in dynamic environments have to deal efficiently with operational tasks in existing businesses and at the same time achieve innovation in existing and new business with a medium to long term focus. This requires flexibility and adaptability to be able to use the opportunities and threats arising from changes in the business environment. The research work in this thesis clarifies the role of intrapreneurship and develops the design concept for holistic intrapreneurship. In the research process a frame of reference with five central findings on the role of intrapreneurship in a dynamic business environment is firstly introduced. In this process, the idea is that holistic and economic thinking together with management oriented theoretical concepts form a fruitful basis for the examination of intrapreneurship. Subsequently in the literature study there follows a synoptic illustration of the individual theoretical concepts on the role of intrapreneurship, the business environment and systems theory concepts. In a further literature analysis, the tasks identified for holistic intrapreneurship are examined and conveyed as a design concept in the synthesis. Three empirical studies reflect the theoretical findings in practical situations. Taking into account the results of the survey, the design concept is extended by elements for the development of a vital, entrepreneurial learning organisation. Entrepreneurial organisations have equally to understand the role of intrapreneurship as a concept for shaping the future as the external environments and the interaction between the organisation and its environment. This complex of themes is worked on in chapter 3 and nine design elements for the specification of the role of intrapreneurship are derived. On the basis of this, entrepreneurial information gathering, shaping of the future and organisation design are derived as central tasks of the entrepreneurial organisation and are analysed in chapter 4. A design concept for holistic intrapreneurship with a role model for the organisation, a conceptual framework for the understanding and analysis of the global business environment as well as a qualitative systems model for the interaction of the entrepreneurial organisation with the business environment is introduced in chapter 5 to aid with implementation of the entrepreneurial tasks. The role of intrapreneurship and the implementation of the role model in practice are examined in chapter 6. In this process, implementation of the role model based on the division of labour is recorded and condensed across all firms. In chapter 6.4, learning areas for the development of an entrepreneurial orientation and for a context-related strengthening of the five entrepreneurial roles in a vital entrepreneurial learning organisation are outlined. The novel contribution of the thesis is to present an integrated concept of holistic intrapreneurship derived from theory-based exploration which thus focuses on the entrepreneurial action of the organisation as a whole and the achievement of viability in a global and dynamic environment. This concept contains learning by the entrepreneurial actors, the entrepreneurial teams and the whole entrepreneurial organisation and defines the building blocks of a vital, entrepreneurial learning organisation.
Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2012.
Graduate School of Technology Management (GSTM)
unrestricted

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Savosh, Kateryna. "Innovation on worldwide businesses in the period 2011- 2017: panel data analysis on the impact of the business environmental factors." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10198/19543.

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Mestrado APNOR
On the modern stage of economic development, innovation policy is deemed to be a significant component of sustainable development by finding new solutions in response to problems, that ensue in the social and economic grounds. A key to a successful increase in innovation is to reveal and study what are the main business environment factors that determine innovation activity in companies. However, there are few works in the scientific literature that make such research. So, the objective of this research work is to identify and quantify which business environment elements impact on business innovation activity, in the last decade. With the purpose of accomplishing such goal the statistical analysis panel data methods (in particular, fixed and random effects models) were applied to a secondary dataset provided by the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM). The research work analyses the impact of the GEM’s business environment factors, assessed by its experts, on the innovation activity worldwide as well as by the income level of 100 world economies. This study concludes that worldwide factors as financing, government support, lower taxes and bureaucracy, entrepreneurship education in primary and secondary levels of education and the country’s economy openness present an important positive impact on innovation. Such results are obtained for a set of very heterogeneous world economies. None of the factors showed statistical evidence for low-income countries. Financing, basic school training and education, R&D transfer, and cultural and social norms have a positive impact on innovation activity in lower-middle-income countries. Financing, governmental support and policies, reduced taxes and bureaucracy, and basic school training and education revealed to influence innovation activity in upper-middle-income economies positively, whereas market dynamics and physical services and infrastructure influence negatively. In high-income economies, lower taxes and bureaucracy, commercial and professional infrastructure and market openness increase innovation activity, while market dynamics decrease it.
Atualmente, em termos de desenvolvimento económico, a política de inovação é considerada uma componente significativa do desenvolvimento sustentável ao encontrar novas soluções para responder aos problemas com origem social e/ou económica. Uma chave para um crescimento bem-sucedido da inovação passa por identificar e analisar quais são os principais fatores do ambiente de negócios que determinam a atividade de inovação nas empresas. No entanto, existem poucos trabalhos na literatura científica que realizam este tipo de análise. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho de investigação é identificar e quantificar quais os elementos do ambiente de negócios com impacto na atividade de inovação empresarial, na última década. Para atingir tal objetivo, a análise econométrica de dados de painel (em particular, os modelos de efeitos fixos e aleatórios) foi aplicada a um conjunto de dados secundários fornecidos pelo Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM). O trabalho de investigação analisa o impacto dos fatores do ambiente de negócios identificados pelo GEM, e avaliados por seus especialistas, na atividade de inovação em todo o planeta bem como pelo nível de rendimento de 100 das economias mundiais. Este estudo conclui que, em geral, fatores como o financiamento, o apoio governamental, a redução de impostos e burocracia, a educação para o empreendedorismo nos níveis primário e secundário de educação e a abertura da economia apresentam um impacto positivo importante na inovação. Tais resultados são obtidos para um conjunto de economias mundiais muito heterogéneas. Nenhum dos fatores apresentou evidência estatística para países de baixo rendimento. O financiamento, a formação e educação no ensino primário e secundário, a transferência de R&D e as normas culturais e sociais têm um impacto positivo na atividade de inovação em países de rendimento médio-baixo. O financiamento, o apoio e as políticas governamentais, a redução de impostos e da burocracia e a formação e educação revelaram influenciar positivamente a atividade de inovação em economias de médios e altos rendimentos, enquanto a dinâmica de mercado e a existência de serviços físicos e infraestrutura a influenciam negativamente. Em economias com rendimentos elevados, menores taxas e burocracia, com infraestruturas comerciais e profissionais e com maior abertura de mercado aumentam a atividade de inovação, enquanto a dinâmica do mercado a diminui.

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Vahanyan, Vahan. "Doing business and competitiveness environment to evaluate countries for operations in the information and communication technologies." Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10198/14632.

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Mestrado APNOR
Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) are a fundamental part of a good business environment. In the past year Doing Business recorded 50 reforms establishing or improving online tools for regulatory processes (World Bank, 2016). Authors like Jerbashian and Kochanova (2016), for example, use Doing Business indicators to discover and examine how country-level regulations of business impact industry-level investments in ICT. Having as the main objective to understand how the business environment and competitiveness of an economy allows the introduction of companies in the ICT sector, it is proposed to develop a scientific work which implements business environmental scanning that allows strategic planning of activities based on analysis and comparison of broad indicators of opportunities and efficiency for various countries Environmental scanning is a process that systematically surveys and interprets relevant data to identify external opportunities and threats. An organization gathers information about the external world, its competitors and itself. The company should then respond to the information gathered by changing its strategies and plans when the need arises. For implementing an environmental scanning three well-known and worldwide databases are used: the Doing Business project, the Global Competitiveness Index and the ICT Development Index were used. Methodology allows to evaluate countries and compare them with each other in terms of investment attractiveness in the ICT sector. Results present a list of 40 countries that rank best among others regarding their business climate, competitiveness and operations of economic agents in the ICT sector as well as its sub-sectors: R&D, Production, and Services.
As Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação (TIC) são uma parte fundamental de um bom ambiente empresarial. Por exemplo, só no ano passado, o relatório do Doing Business registrou 50 reformas, que estabeleciam ou melhoravam as ferramentas online utilizadas en processos regulatórios (Banco Mundial, 2016). Autores como Jerbashian e Kochanova (2016), por exemplo, utilizam os indicadores do Doing Business para descobrir e analisar a forma como as regulamentações empresariais numa economia afetam os investimentos no setor das TIC. Tendo como objetivo principal compreender como o enquadramento empresarial e a competitividade de uma economia permitem a introdução de empresas no setor das TIC, propõe-se desenvolver um trabalho científico que implemente um processo de scanning empresarial que permita realizar um planeamento estratégico das atividades com base na análise e comparação de indicadores amplos de oportunidades e risco para os diversos países. O processo de scanning empresarial analisa, sistematicamente, e interpreta os dados relevantes para identificar oportunidades e ameaças externas. Neste processo uma empresa/organização reúne informações sobre o mundo externo, os seus potenciais concorrentes e sobre si própria . A empresa/organização deve responder às informações recolhidas alterando as suas estratégias e planos quando necessário. Para a implementação deste procedimento de análise foram utilizadas três bases de dados bem conhecidas internacionalmente: o projeto Doing Business, o Global Competitiveness Index e o ICT Development Index. A metodologia permite avaliar países e compará-los uns com os outros em termos de atratividade de investimento no setor das TIC. Os resultados permitem apresentar uma lista de 40 países que se classificam melhor em relação ao ambiente de negócios, competitividade e operações de agentes económicos no setor das TIC, bem como nos seus subsectores: I&D, Produção e Serviços.
Ինֆորմացիոն և տեղեկատվական տեխնոլոգիաները կազմում են բիզնես կարգավորումների բաղկացուցիչ մաս: Միայն վերջին տարում Դուինգ Բիզնեսը հրապարակել է կանոնակարգման գործընթացների հաստատման կամ բարելավման օնլայն գործիքների մասին 50 բարեփոխումներ (Համաշխարհային բանկի խումբ, 2016): Օրինակ Հեղինակներ Ջրբաշյանը և Քոչանովան (2016), օգտագործում են Դուինգ Բիզնեսի ցուցանիշները բացահայտելու և ուսումասիրելու, թե ինչպես են տարբեր երկրներում բիզնեսի կարգավորումները ազդեցությունունենում ՏՀՏ ներդրումների վրա: Սույն աշխատանքի հիմնական նպատակն է հասկանալ, թե տնտեսության բիզնեսը և մրցունակությունը թույլ է տալիս նման ՏՀՏի ներմուծումը, առաջարկում ենք զարգացնել գիտական աշխատություն, որը կիրականցանի բիզնեսի տեսանկյունից շրջակա միջավայրի ուսումնասիրություն ռազմավարական կառավարման մեթոդներով և համեմատել երկրները ավելի լայն հնարավորությունների ցուցանիշներով և ռիսկերով: Շրջակա միջավայրի ուսումնասիրությունը գործնթաց է, որը պարբերաբար հետազոտում և ամփոփում է համապատասխան տվյալները, որպեսզի հայտնաբերվեն արտաքին հնարավորությունները և վտանգները (Դանիելս, Ռադեբու և Սուլլիվան,2015). Կազմակերպությունը հավաքագրում է տեղեկություն արտաքին աշխարհի, մրցակիցների և ինքն իր մասին: Այնուհետև ընկերությունը պետք է համարժեքորեն պատրաստի տեղեկությւոնը, որը հավաքագրվել է ստրատեգիաների և ծրագրերի փոփոխման արդյունքում, երբ առաջանում է փոփոխությունների անհրաժեշտությունը (Լապին, 2014): Շրջակա միջավայրի ուսումնասիրության համար օգտագործվում է 3 հայտնի տվյալների բազա. «Դուինգ բիզնես» նախագիծ, «Գլոբալ մրցունակության» ինդեքս և «ՏՀՏ զարգացման» ինդեքս: Մեթոդաբանությունը թույլ է տալիս գնահատել երկրներին և համեմատել միմյանց հետ ներդրումային գրավչության առումով: Արդյունքները ներկայացնում են ցանկ՝ բաղկացած 40 երկրներից, որոնք ունեն լավագույն վարկանիշները ըստ իրենց գործարար միջավայրի, մրցունակության և ՏՀՏ ոլորտում տնտեսվարող սուբյեկտների գործառնությամբ, ինչպես նաև ենթաոլորտներում՝ հետազոտությունների և զարգացման, արտադրության և ծառայությունների:

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Yang, Hong (helen). "Changing institutional environment, Chinese company characteristics, and climate-change reporting." Thesis, 2014. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/24839/.

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Abstract:

The objective of this thesis is to investigate how China’s country-specific context influences climate-change reporting by Chinese companies. Specifically, the thesis theoretically and empirically examines factors that influence climate-change reporting in China’s changing political and economic institutional environment. The thesis addresses how the political ideology of the ruling Communist Party of China (CPC) has driven the changing institutions in the field of climate-change reporting, and the impact on Chinese company characteristics and reporting practice. The thesis includes Chinese literature in evaluating the adaptability of theories originating in the West to the Chinese context. It identifies institutional theory as the preferred basis for developing an extended model to explain the homogeneity and heterogeneity of climate-change reporting by Chinese companies. The model developed, which incorporates multiple levels of institutional analysis, was then tested empirically. From 100 leading listed Chinese companies, 471 reports (Annual Reports and Corporate Sustainability Reports) were examined across three key reporting years between 2006 and 2010, using content analysis. Multivariate regression and logit analyses were then used for further analysis.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Global business environment'

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