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1
Kovalenko, E. "Global financial crisis today." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2012. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/26071.
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It was three years ago when the global financial system suffered a nearly fatal heart attack. Around the world stock markets have fallen, large financial institutions have collapsed or been bought out, and governments in even the wealthiest nations have had to come up with rescue packages to bail out their financial systems. At the same time, the flooding of global financial markets with cheap dollars has fatally undermined the international monetary system and destroyed the credibility of the US dollar as the world reserve and trading currency.
When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/26071
2
Перетятько, Дар’я Андріївна. "Challenges interior designers may face today: saving without losing quality." Thesis, Київський національний університет технологій та дизайну, 2020. https://er.knutd.edu.ua/handle/123456789/15350.
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Getman, Victoria. "Global challenges in higher education." Thesis, Київський національний університет технологій та дизайну, 2020. https://er.knutd.edu.ua/handle/123456789/16637.
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Emre, Yasmin. "No Milk Today? Challenges of Maintaining a Vegan Diet in Germany." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-300843.
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RADEMAKER, CAMILA DE SOUSA BRAGA. "THE CHALLENGES OF GLOBAL CORPORATE STRATEGIES." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2003. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=4226@1.
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A Globalização promove inúmeras oportunidades para as
empresas incluindo o acesso a múltiplos mercados, novas
receitas, conhecimentos e tecnologias capazes de
incrementar sua competitividade. Paralelamente, gera uma
série de ameaças num ambiente crescente de instabilidade
mundial que provém de conflitos geopolíticos e sociais,
alguém de riscos econômico-financeiros. Mais ainda, a
solidicação de um sistema econômico global em
desequilíbrio
é um dos principais motivos dos conflitos e dos riscos.
Estas vertentes da Globalização, tanto positivas quanto
negativas, causam distúrbios e oscilações agressivas aos
mercados criando desafios à gestâo estratégica
corporativa
global. As abordagens teóricas do processo de
Globalização
das empresas, disponíveis na literatura levam em conta as
vertentes de ameaças e oportunidades, no entanto de forma
desordenada. Este estudo propõe uma análise qualitativa
das
principais abordagens existentes com o objetivo de
identificar os desafios da gestão corporativa de empresas
em
transformação global sob essas duas vertentes. Mais
ainda,
demonstra que a busca de alternativas para sua
sobrevivência e independência doméstica, requer a revisão
da forma de suas funções administrativas e a formulação e
implementação de suas estratégias, de maneira a definir a
estrutura necessária para a expansão de seus negócios. É
demonstrado também que vislumbrar novos mercados requer
diversas habilidades dinâmicas, mas também sistematização
para administrar desafios externos e internos.<br>Globalization provides several opportunities to companies,
including access to multiple markets, new revenues,
knowledge and technologies, that increases their
competitivity. On the other hand, it generates a series of
threats within an environment of worldwide growing
instability, originated from social and geopolitical
conflicts, together with financial and economical risks.
Moreover, the solidification of an unstable global
economical system is at the heart of such conflicts and
risks. Such aspects of the Globalization process, both the
positive and negative ones, may cause aggressive
disturbances and oscillations in the markets creating
challenges to the global corporate strategic management.
The modern approaches to managerial globalization
process take into account both these aspects, opportunities
and threats, however in an unordered way. In this work we
present a qualitative analysis of the main approaches to
global companies, aiming to pinpoint the challenges of
corporate management of companies under globalization.
Moreover, we demonstrate that a search for alternatives to
a
company's survival and domestic independence requires a
change of perspective regarding their administrative
functions and the formulation and implementation of
their strategies, in order to define the necessary
infrastructure to allow its business growth. It is also
shown that a search for new markets requires several
dynamic abilities but also a systematic method to manage
internal and external challenges.
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Сабадаш, Віктор Володимирович, Виктор Владимирович Сабадаш, Viktor Volodymyrovych Sabadash, and D. Kharchenko. "Innovation management: global and corporate challenges." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2021. https://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/87427.
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Дослідено ключові виклики й зміни у сфері менеджменту (зокрема корпоративного) ті інноваційний інструментарій в умовах гібридної роботи.<br>The key challenges and changes in the field of management (including corporate) and innovative tools in the context of hybrid work are studied.
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Hamza, Aziz, and Salman Zulfiqar. "Challenges to Born Global SMEs : A study on overcoming the challenges that are faced by born global SMEs." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Handelshögskolan vid Umeå universitet, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-47872.
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Purpose: The purpose of the study is to explore the challenges that are faced by born global SMEs and how they overcome these challenges. Method: For literature review and secondary research, data and information has been gathered from disciplines of international entrepreneurship. Primary research has been done on four born global firms; two from Sweden and two from Pakistan. Qualitative research and analysis has been used in the study. Originality: This study contributes to literature by covering some missing portions in born global discipline. In this research, effort is made to compile various challenges that are faced by born global firms, through literature review. The report further has focused on overcoming these challenges by gathering information through primary research. Conclusion: The research has concluded that there are certain challenges that are faced by born global firms in their international business development. These challenges are internal as well as external. Despite these challenges and problems, born global firms are able to achieve their position in international market by overcoming these challenges through building networks and competency alliances with partners situated internationally.
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Winkler, Nguyen Beate. "Global Education| Assets and Challenges for Global Competency in Catholic Schools." Thesis, Loyola Marymount University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10929796.
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<p> Global education for global competency in Catholic schools of the Archdiocese of Los Angeles is neither defined nor aligned as a priority for its 21st-century learners. Various schools within the Department of Catholic Schools address global competency through world languages, dual-language immersion, activities, or programs, but no specific global education focus permeates the entire district. The relevance of global competency for nearly 80,000 students from Early Childhood (EC) programs/PreK–12th grade (high school) Catholic schools in Los Angeles is not just a curricular necessity or spiritual aspiration, it is, at its core, a question of social justice, particularly for students of color and first-generation immigrants who live mostly in underserved communities. </p><p> This study analyzes whether PreK–12th-grade Catholic schools of the Archdiocese of Los Angeles have unique assets, as well as what challenges the district would face if it were to adapt a more formalized approach to global education. The study researches whether diverse community cultural wealth, demographics, mission, innovation, and Catholic social teachings align or hinder the development of a global education curriculum that addresses the universally adopted United Nations Sustainable Development Goals 2030. The study investigates urgency, opportunity, scalability, and sustainability for this social justice priority. This inquiry also attempts to answer why a globally connected organization, such as the Roman Catholic Church in Los Angeles and its school system, is not virtually connected in its own worldwide network in order to promote global competency for its 21st-century learners. </p><p>
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Häusler, Michele. "Global Governance and Global Public Policy Networks An Assessment of the UN Global Compact /." St. Gallen, 2007. http://www.biblio.unisg.ch/org/biblio/edoc.nsf/wwwDisplayIdentifier/03603735001/$FILE/03603735001.pdf.
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Oginski, Pawel, and Rockie Ssengonzi. "Effective Adaptation to Global and Humanitarian Challenges." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Centre of Logistics and Supply Chain Management, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-18144.
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Problem If current trends in disasters are anything to go by, we can expect more complex disasters in the future as a population, perhaps already weakened by conflict, climate or disease, is hit by a natural disaster. This then requires a multifaceted and complex intervention of humanitarian actors. Therefore, the adaptations increasingly require identification of themes to mitigate the complex vulnerabilities that come with these challenges like reforms, collaboration and specialization of tasks between humanitarian organizations inter alia. Purpose The purpose of this thesis is to identify the underlying factors that lead to global and humanitarian challenges in order to suggest effective adaptations to address them in the preparedness phase. Methodology The paper takes a qualitative approach, adopting a phenomenological research. In depth interviews are used to identify the most outstanding themes and patterns in sync with the humanitarian challenges and adaptations identifies in the AlertNet Poll (2011) and DARA humanitarian response index (2011). The themes are used to narrate solutions to the research questions Findings The results suggest that the adaptations identified in the reports regulate humanitarian and global challenges. The humanitarian challenges effective adaptations to overcome these challenges have been identified but not limited to collaboration of humanitarian logistics actors, emphasis on preparedness and disaster risk reduction and the unification of relief and developmental policies and frameworks to ensure long term planning and assessment of disasters Conclusion The research concludes that disaster risk reduction and preparedness, humanitarian logistics reforms and collaboration in all humanitarian aspects are the most effective adaptation to the global and humanitarian challenges. If current trends in disasters are anything to go by, we can expect more complex disasters in the future as a population, perhaps already weakened by conflict, climate or disease, is hit by a natural disaster. This then requires a multifaceted and complex intervention of humanitarian actors. Therefore, the adaptations increasingly require identification of themes to mitigate the complex vulnerabilities that come with these challenges like reforms, collaboration and specialization of tasks between humanitarian organizations inter alia. Purpose The purpose of this thesis is to identify the underlying factors that lead to global and humanitarian challenges in order to suggest effective adaptations to address them in the preparedness phase. Methodology The paper takes a qualitative approach, adopting a phenomenological research. In depth interviews are used to identify the most outstanding themes and patterns in sync with the humanitarian challenges and adaptations identifies in the AlertNet Poll (2011) and DARA humanitarian response index (2011). The themes are used to narrate solutions to the research questions Findings The results suggest that the adaptations identified in the reports regulate humanitarian and global challenges. The humanitarian challenges effective adaptations to overcome these challenges have been identified but not limited to collaboration of humanitarian logistics actors, emphasis on preparedness and disaster risk reduction and the unification of relief and developmental policies and frameworks to ensure long term planning and assessment of disasters Conclusion The research concludes that disaster risk reduction and preparedness, humanitarian logistics reforms and collaboration in all humanitarian aspects are the most effective adaptation to the global and humanitarian challenges.
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Basova, Kateryna Andriivna, and Катерина Андріївна Басова. "Foremost global challenges: causes and possible consequences." Thesis, National Aviation University, 2021. https://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/51616.
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1. Альжанова Ф., Б. Хусаінов Глобальні виклики: генезис і природа / Альжанова Ф., Хусаінов Б. - Економічний вісник, 2016. - 28-41 с.
2. Геоэкономический словарь-справочник. — Одесса: ИПРЭЭИ НАНУ. В.
А. Дергачев. 2004.
3. Философия: Энциклопедический словарь. — М.: Гардарики. Под редакцией А.А. Ивина. 2004.
4. Тойнби А.Дж. Постижение истории. Москва: Айрис-Пресс; 2006. – 640 с.
5. Mitt Romney, Rising to a New Generationof Global Challenges.// Foreign Affairs.-July/August 2007 / URL: https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/2007-07-01/ rising-new-generation-global-challenges
6. Challenge 2020: Twenty Global Problems/ NAIS Initiatives/ http://www.nais.
org/Articles/Pages/Challenge-20-20-Twenty-Global-Problems.aspx<br>In today’s world, when the number of dangers for humanity is growing, and the question of their unresolvedness arises more and more, it is advisable to consider the concepts of global challenges, problems, threats and risks and their relationship, to better understand the nature of each. At this stage, humanity is faced with a number of issues that need to be addressed immediately and that arose in the last century.
Global problems - (from the Latin. Globus (terrae) - the globe) - a set of vital, affecting humanity as a whole, and unsolvable within individual states and even geographical regions, problems. Global problems came to the fore in the twentieth century as a result of a significant increase in population and a sharp intensification of the production process in industrial society [3].
Global issues include: preventing thermonuclear warfare; reduction of rapid population growth («population explosion» in developing countries); prevention of catastrophic pollution of the environment, especially the atmosphere and the oceans; ensuring further economic development with the necessary natural resources, especially non-renewable ones; bridging the gap in living standards between developed and developing countries; elimination of hunger, poverty and illiteracy, etc.<br>У сучасному світі, коли кількість небезпек для людства зростає, і питання про їх невирішеність постає дедалі більше, доцільно розглянути поняття глобальних викликів, проблем, загроз та ризиків та їх взаємозв'язок, щоб краще зрозуміти природу кожного. На цьому етапі перед людством постає низка питань, які потребують негайного вирішення і виникли в минулому столітті.
Глобальні проблеми - (від лат. Globus (terrae) - глобус) - сукупність життєво важливих, що впливають на людство в цілому, і нерозв'язних в межах окремих держав і навіть географічних регіонів проблем. Глобальні проблеми вийшли на перший план у ХХ столітті внаслідок значного збільшення чисельності населення та різкої інтенсифікації виробничого процесу в індустріальному суспільстві [3].
Світові проблеми включають: запобігання термоядерній війні; зменшення швидкого приросту населення («вибух населення» в країнах, що розвиваються); запобігання катастрофічному забрудненню довкілля, особливо атмосфери та океанів; забезпечення подальшого економічного розвитку необхідними природними ресурсами, особливо невідновлюваними; подолання розриву в рівні життя між розвиненими країнами та країнами, що розвиваються; усунення голоду, бідності та неписьменності тощо.
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Björklund, Malin. "Terracotta Vessels : Food storage addressing global challenges." Thesis, Konstfack, Industridesign, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:konstfack:diva-7848.
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Terracotta vessels are about understanding how we can store food by using a new product solution and how we could use less energy and waste less food in doing so. This project is an attempt to minimise the energy usage in our homes but also to gain greater understanding about the food we choose to bring into our homes and what we can do to avoid throwing it away.
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Bornelind, Patrik. "Challenges in forecasting management for global companies." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-264218.
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In today’s fast-moving world, a company´s ability to align with changes in the market is becoming a major competitive factor. Demand forecasting form the basis of all supply chain planning and is a process that companies often fail to recognize as a key contributor to corporate success. Different contexts and market dynamics creates different challenges for companies to overcome in order to have an efficient forecasting process, matching demand with supply. This master thesis looks at the whole forecasting process, also called forecasting management, at a decentralized global company to identify the main challenges within the process and propose recommendations on how to overcome them. The research is based on a single case study where the forecasting process is investigated using four different dimensions: Functional Integration, Approach, Systems and Performance Measurements. The study identified twelve challenges in the forecasting process where a majority can be connected to issues within information sharing and lack of support in the process. Based on the identified challenges, eight improvement suggestions where developed to target the challenges and improving the process for a decentralized global company.<br>I dagens snabbt utvecklande och växande landskap så är ett företags förmåga att anpassa sig till marknadens behov en betydande konkurrensfaktor. Säljprognoser utgör grunden för all planering inom försörjningskedjan och är en process som företag ofta inte erkänner som en viktig bidragsgivare till företagets framgång. Olika marknadslandskap och förutsättningar skapar olika utmaningar för företag att bemästra för att kunna bedriva ett effektivt prognosarbete och matcha efterfrågan med utbud. Detta examensarbete tittar på hela prognosprocessen, även kallad prognoshantering, hos ett decentraliserat globalt företag för att identifiera de viktigaste utmaningarna i processen och föreslå rekommendationer om hur man kan övervinna dem. Forskningen bygger på en enda fallstudie där prognosprocessen undersöks utifrån fyra olika dimensioner: Funktionell integration, strategi, system och prestandamätningar. Studien identifierade tolv utmaningar i prognosprocessen där en majoritet kan kopplas till utmaningar inom informationsdelning och brist på stöd i processen. Baserat på de identifierade utmaningarna utvecklades åtta förbättringsåtgärder för att övervinna utmaningarna och förbättra processen för ett decentraliserat globalt företag.
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Ulziit, Bayarbuyan, and Zeeshan Akhtar Warraich. "Challenges and Mitigation Strategies in Global Software Maintenance." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för datavetenskap och kommunikation, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-2346.
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Context. Global software development (GSD) has become a significant practice in software industry due to rapid globalization processes and technological advances. In GSD, software development activities are carried at geographically distributed locations by collaboration of people with different background and culture. In this study, we studied an area of global software maintenance from both of state of the art and state of practice in order to understand which challenges are hampering the effectiveness of distributed maintenance team as well as which mitigation strategies can appease their impact. Objectives. The study unravels challenges of global software maintenance and alleviation strategies to address to those challenges by methodically reviewing relevant studies and industrial practitioners’ experiences. It also explores the convergence and divergence between the outcome from scientific studies and industrial settings Methods. Data collection processes are done through systematic literature review and industrial interviews. In the systematic review a variety of article sources are queried, including Compendex, Inspec, IEEE Xplore, ACM Digital Library, Wiley Inter Science, Scopus, Science Direct, ISI WOS and Springer Link. Interviews are conducted with five practitioners from 4 different multinational organizations. As data analysis methods, grounded theory and qualitative comparative analysis are applied. Results. Totally, 90 different challenges and 73 strategies were revealed. Unlike most of similar studies in GSD which used 3C categorization (Communication, Control and Coordination), we come up with a different view as we called 3PT which conceptualizes challenges and strategies into People, Process, Product and Technology factors. Conclusions. We conclude that collaborative processes and their clear definitions among all maintenance stakeholders are one of the critical success factors of effective maintenance in global collaboration. Most importantly, a maintenance management should focus on the holistic improvement of each factor in 3PT and their synergy can contribute much to the successful software maintenance in globally distributed environment.<br>We found that collaborative processes and their clear definitions among all maintenance stakeholders are one of the critical success factors of effective maintenance in global collaboration. Most importantly, a maintenance management should focus on the holistic improvement of each factor in 3PT and their synergy can contribute much to the successful software maintenance in globally distributed environment.
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Kapatus, N. V. "Global nuclear disarmament: consequences and challenges for Ukraine." Master's thesis, Sumy State University, 2020. https://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/81358.
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Кваліфікаційна магістерська робота присвячена дослідженню причин та наслідків ядерного роззброєння України та оцінці перспектив повернення ядерного статусу. Досліджено історію розробки та поширення ядерної зброї. Оцінено роль та вплив країн, що мають ядерну зброю, на міжнародній політичній арені. Проаналізовано причини та наслідки ядерного роззброєння України. Оцінено перспективи та загрози повернення ядерного статусу України.<br>The master’s thesis focuses on the study of the causes and consequences of Ukraine's nuclear disarmament and prospects of returning Ukraine's nuclear status. The history of development and proliferation of nuclear weapons is studied. The role and influence of countries with nuclear weapons in the international political arena are assessed. The causes and consequences of Ukraine's nuclear disarmament have been analyzed. Prospects and threats to return of Ukraine's nuclear status are estimated.
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Hoffman, Steven Justin. "Reimagining international law to address global health challenges." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016IEPP0024/document.
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Cette thèse présente trois études qui imaginent à nouveaux frais la définition et le rôle du droit international dans la réponse que l’on peut apporter aux menaces transnationales contre la santé et aux inégalités sociales. Le premier chapitre évalue les capacités qu’ont les lois internationales traditionnelles de promouvoir la santé mondiale, en étudiant en particulier quand et pourquoi des traités internationaux sur la santé peuvent être utiles. Une synthèse de 90 évaluations d’impact quantitatif de traités passés a été réalisée et un cadre analytique a été développé. Le deuxième chapitre s’appuie sur ce travail pour évaluer une large gamme de possibilités de travailler en vue d’une action mondiale collective portant sur la résistance aux antimicrobiens, dont celles qui impliquent la construction d’institutions, la conception d’incitations et la mobilisation d’intérêts. Ce chapitre soutient que leur impact sur le monde réel dépend de relations d’imputabilité fortes. Le troisième chapitre porte cette thèse au-delà des notions westphaliennes traditionnelles d’action collective en s’intéressant à la question de savoir si de nouvelles technologies perturbatrices peuvent théoriquement produire les mêmes effets de régulation sur les questions de santé au niveau mondial que des lois internationales négociées par les États. Dans un premier temps, ce chapitre présente un modèle relativement simple d’apprentissage automatique qui quantifie automatiquement la pertinence, la qualité scientifique et le sensationnalisme des articles et valide ce modèle à partir d’un corpus de 163 433 articles de presse mentionnant les pandémies récentes de SARS et de H1N1<br>This dissertation presents three studies that reimagine the definition and role of international law to address transnational health threats and social inequalities. The first chapter assesses opportunities for traditional international laws to promote global health, specifically examining when and why global health treaties may be helpful. Evidence from 90 quantitative impact evaluations of past treaties was synthesized and an analytic framework was developed. The second chapter builds on this work by evaluating a broad range of opportunities for working towards global collective action on antimicrobial resistance, including those that involve building institutions, crafting incentives and mobilizing interests. This chapter argues that their real-world impact will depend on strong accountability relationships. The third chapter takes this dissertation beyond traditional Westphalian notions of collective action by exploring whether new disruptive technologies can theoretically provide the same global regulatory effects on health matters as state-negotiated international laws. As a first move, this chapter presents a relatively simple machine-learning model that automatically quantifies the relevance, scientific quality and sensationalism of news media records, and validates the model on a corpus of 163,433 news records mentioning the recent SARS and H1N1 pandemics
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Iqbal, Muzammil. "Intrachip global communication evaluation of challenges and optical solutions /." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 209 p, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1251904841&sid=2&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Wong, See-yuen Gina. "Global feminisms in feminist art and their new challenges." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2007. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B38697245.
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Wong, See-yuen Gina, and 黃思源. "Global feminisms in feminist art and their new challenges." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2007. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B38697245.
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Mosarwa, Magdeline Tsholo. "Botswana's role in the global economy : opportunities and challenges." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/70662.
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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2007.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: As the world globalises there is need for economic integration. These integration processes
can be both regional and global Africa as one of the world's continents is not immune to
these integrations; regions within the continent have formed trade blocs which enhance
economic development for individual member states of such blocs. Even though these
countries are not equal in terms of economic development the ultimate goal is to have
sustainable economic development and be able to compete in the global world. Botswana
is one country with such aspirations and dreams.
This paper addresses the role of Botswana in the global economy; highlighting its
opportunities and challenges. Botswana has been a success story in Africa, with its GOP
per capita increasing from less than US$2 000 in 1975 to around USSIO 000 in 2005,
recording economic growth rates of over seven per cent. The country's economy has been
heavily reliant on mining. tourism. manufacturing and agriculture. Diamonds are by far the
most important source of income for Botswana, accounting for more than 70 per cent of
total export earnings. The satisfactory performance of the financial sector impacts on
overall development and the diversification of the economy.
In its efforts to integrate and strengthen bilateral relations with bigger market economies,
Botswana is a signatory to a number of trade agreements such as World Trade
Organisation (WTO), Cotonou, Southern Africa Development Community (SADC), Africa
Growth Opportunity Act (AGOA) and Southern African Customs Union (SA CU). As a
member of the WTO, the inclusion of China into the organisation implies that Chinese
products are now highly competitive when compared to Botswana products due to lower
production costs enjoyed by Chinese finns. Chinese finns also enjoy competitive
advantage in US markets where Botswana exports some of its textile products under
AGOA. However, the country has enjoyed productive relationships with the European
countries since its colonial period and through the Cotonou agreement, which was signed
between the European Community and the Africa, Caribbean and Pacific countries.
Botswana is also a signatory to regional blocs such as the SADC through which it has
agreed on a number of economic issues such as trade, gender, water resources, peace and
security, democracy and good governance. Through the SADe, member states such as
Botswana are able to lobby for support or form partnerships with developed nations such
as Sweden. By being a member of SACU, Botswana can export to a large market and
complement its smaller domestic market.
As players in the global economy, countries are exposed to many challenges and
opportunities. There are opportunities for attracting more investment into the country due
to its excellent economic performance. Investment can be attracted in financial and
manufacturing sectors through encouraging private-public partnerships. This paper
discusses some of the growth sectors in the economy and how they can be enhanced to
contribute to sustainable development. It is also worth mentioning that Botswana faces
challenges such as HIV/AIDS and unemployment. By being landlocked, the country is
relatively expensive for investors to manufacture locally and export to foreign countries,
which dampens the attraction of foreign direct investment.
Some of these challenges and opportunities experienced by Botswana can serve as lessons
for other African countries.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Soos die globaliseringsproses wereIdwyd vorder is daar ook 'n proses van toenemende
ekonomiese integrasie, wereldwyd en op 'n streeksbasis. Afrika neem ook deel aan die
proses. In die verskillende streke van die kontinent is handelsblokke besig om te ontplooi.
AI is hierdie lande nog ver agter in die internasionale mededingingsproses strewe hulle
daarna om op 'n volhoubare manier internasionaal mee te ding. Botswana het beslis die
mikpunt.
Hierdie studie spreek Botswana se rol in die wyer streeks- en internasionale ekonomie aan.
Die land word algemeen beskou as 'n ontwikkelingsukses, met 'n BBP per capita toename
van US$2 000 in 1975 tot US$I0 000 in 2005, en 'n gemiddelde jaarlikse groeikoers van
meer as sewe persent. Die landsekonomie is sterk afhanklik van die mynbousektor,
landbou, toerisme en fabriekswese, met diamante tot 70 persent van uitvoere.
As deel van die proses om nouer in te skakel by die groter markte het Botswana by 'n reeks
ooreenkomste aangesluit, naamlik die Wereld Handelsorganisasie, die Cotonou-ooreenkoms,
die SADC, AGOA en SACU. Terwyl die aansluiting by hierdie
ooreenkomste Botswana se uitvoermarkte uitgebrei het, het Sjina se aansluiting by die
WTO vir Botswana se nywerhede groter mededinging veroorsaak. Aan die ander kant het
die lidmaatskap van Botswana by die SADC en Sacu vir die land baie geleenthede geopen
om meer effektief te pleit en te onderhandel vir ekonomiese, sosiale en ander
ontwikkelingsvoordele, veral waar Botswana se eie bevolking en markte so klein is.
Om 'n beeld te kry van die uitwerking van die stappe van Botswana word in die studie ook
gekyk na ontwikkelingstendense in spesifieke sektore asook na pogings om buitelandse
kapitaal na die land te trek. Terselfdertyd moet besef word dat Botswana vanwee sy hoe
HIV/Vigs koers tans en in die toekoms te kampe het met 'n reeks heel spesiale
struikelblokke wat die ontwikkelingsproses beinvloed.
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Vavilichev, M. D. "Perspectives on global competitiveness in terms of modern challenges." Master's thesis, Sumy State University, 2020. https://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/81375.
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У роботі досліджено значимість конкурентоспроможності національної економіки в умовах сучасних торгівельних відносин між країнами. Проведено кількісний та якісний аналіз внутрішніх та зовнішніх факторів, які впливають на позиції у світовій економіці та визначають подальший економічний розвиток. Основною метою цього дослідження є розробка рекомендації щодо підвищення конкурентопроможності в умовах сучасних викликів та загроз.<br>The master’s theses focused on significance of the competitiveness of the national economy in the conditions of modern trade relations between the countries is. Exerted quantitative and qualitative analysis of internal and external factors that affect the position in the world economy and determine further economic development. The main purpose of this study is to develop a recommendation to increase country’s competitiveness in modern challenges and threats.
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Ільяшенко, Анастасія, and Anastasiia Ilyashenko. "Global challenges in the system of international economic relations." Thesis, Національний авіаційний університет, 2020. http://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/43560.
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Abstracts are devoted to the study of global challenges of the 21st century. Now, the question arises of international cooperation and interaction in times of crisis that affect the economic capacity of individual countries, regions and the whole world. It would seem that under the influence of globalization processes all the countries of the world should establish channels of cooperation and become competitive. But since 2020, there has been an increasing need for new solutions to global problems and for new approaches to deal with critical situations.
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Sserunjogi-Salongo, Eriezah Kabona. "Polygamy or monogamy challenges and ramifications for Christian marriage in the Anglican Church of Uganda today /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1992. http://www.tren.com.
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Asree, Susita. "Challenges in the Global Supply Chain: Exploitation versus Exploration Strategy." Toledo, Ohio : University of Toledo, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=toledo1271874448.
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Dissertation (Ph.D.)--University of Toledo, 2010.<br>Typescript. "Submitted to the Graduate Faculty as partial fulfillment of the requirements for The Doctor of Philosophy in Manufacturing Management and Engineering." "A dissertation entitled"--at head of title. Title from title page of PDF document. Bibliography: p. 158-180.
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Nidhra, Srinivas, and Muralidhar Yanamadala. "Knowledge Transfer Challenges and Mitigation Strategies in Global Software Development." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för datavetenskap och kommunikation, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-2213.
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Context: In this thesis we considered Knowledge Transfer (KT) in Global Software Development (GSD) from both the state of art and state of practice, in order to identify what are the challenges that hamper the success of KT in global software teams, as well as to find out what are the mitigation strategies that can be practiced to overcome these challenges. Objectives: The main objective of this research is to find an in-depth understanding of knowledge transfer challenges and mitigation strategies from both literature studies and industrial experienced employees. It also identifies the similarities and differences of challenges and strategies from literature studies and industrial experienced employees. The overall aim of this work is to provide a list of mitigation strategies to challenges, as guidelines to enable successful knowledge transfer in GSD. Methods: In order to fulfill the aim of the research, we collected the data through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) and industrial interviews. Through SLR we found 35 articles relevant to our objectives. The data is extracted from those articles and conclusions are drawn. The relevant data is collected from databases such as Engineering village, ACM Digital Library, Science Direct, Wiley Inter Science, Scopus, ISI Web of Science and IEEE Xplore. We conducted 8 interviews from 8 different multinational companies. For analyzing the data we used grounded theory and qualitative comparative analysis. Results: In total, 72 different challenges and 107 mitigation strategies were identified from both SLR and interview results. In most of the studies, KT challenges in GSD are categorized into 3Cs (Communication, Control and Coordination). We also came up with a different view known as 2PT which conceptualizes the KT challenges and strategies into Personnel, Project and Technology factors. Conclusions: In future, researchers have to focus on the personnel, project and technology factors for implementing an effective KT process. From a practitioner‘s view, the results can be used to identify critical factors for effective KT. The challenges to KT show to what extent these results can be industrially applicable.<br>Srinivas Nidhra S/O Nidhra. Bikshamaiah H No:8-3-230/C/40, Plot No:351, Yousufguda, Venkatagiri, Hyderabad, Pin:500045 Andhra Pradesh, India. phone: 04023545378 Muralidhar, S/O Y. Rama Rao, Prasad leboratories, Jaggampeta, Andhra Pradesh, India, pin: 533435 phone: +919885995887
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Singh, Jagdeep. "Beyond Waste Management : Challenges to Sustainable Global Physical Resource Management." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Industriell ekologi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-186517.
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Current physical resource management (PRM) was investigated in a global perspective in this thesis, to gain a deeper understanding of its implications in a sustainability perspective. In particular, the main challenges to the current PRM system and the kinds of systemic changes needed for sustainable PRM were examined. In five separate studies, different theoretical and practical challenges to current PRM approaches were analysed. A descriptive literature review, causal loop diagrams and semi-structured interviews were performed to gather qualitative and quantitative inferences. Perspectives from industrial ecology, life cycle thinking, systems thinking and environmental philosophy were then applied to analyse global resource/waste management issues. The analysis resulted in an overview of the global ecological sustainability challenges to current PRM and identification of major challenges to the global waste management system. Causal loop diagrams were used to qualitatively analyse the structure and behaviour of production and consumption systems responsible for unintended environmental consequences of purposive actions to improve material and energy efficiencies. Ways in which resource quality could be maintained throughout the system of production and consumption systems were determined by identifying challenges facing product designers while closing the material loops. A planning framework was devised to operationalise the sustainable development demands in society, including production and consumption systems. A broader systems approach is proposed for future sustainable global PRM, focusing on ensuring societal functions within the human activity system. The approach involves designing and managing anthropogenic stocks of physical resources to reduce inflows of physical resources and outflows of wastes and emissions. Life cycle-based databases linking resource consumption with waste generation are needed for improved global PRM.<br>I denna avhandling undersöktes fysisk resursanvändning i ett globalt perspektiv, för att få en djupare förståelse av dess konsekvenser i ett hållbarhetsperspektiv. Framför allt undersöktes de största utmaningarna med den aktuella fysiska resurshanteringen och vilka typer av systemförändringar som krävs för en hållbar fysisk resurshantering. I fem studier analyserades olika teoretiska och praktiska utmaningar för den nuvarande fysiska resurshanteringen. Litteraturstudier, kausala loopdiagram och semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes för att samla kvalitativ och kvantitativ information. Perspektiv från industriell ekologi, livscykeltänkande, systemtänkande och miljöfilosofi tillämpades för att analysera globala resurs- och avfallshanteringsfrågor. Analysen resulterade i en översikt av den nuvarande fysiska resurshanteringens globala ekologiska hållbarhetsutmaningar och identifiering av stora utmaningar för den globala avfallshanteringen. Kausala loopdiagram användes för att kvalitativt analysera strukturen och beteendet hos de produktions- och konsumtionssystem som gör att ändamålsenliga åtgärder för att förbättra material- och energieffektivitet får oavsiktliga negativa miljökonsekvenser. Hur resurskvalitet kan upprätthållas i produktions- och konsumtionssystemen som helhet bestämdes genom att identifiera de utmaningar som produktdesigners möter när de sluter kretslopp av material. En planeringsmodell utformades för att operationalisera kraven på hållbar utveckling i samhället, bland annat produktions- och konsumtionssystem. Ett bredare systemtänkande föreslås för en hållbar global fysisk resursförvaltning i framtiden, med fokus på att säkerställa samhällsfunktioner inom det mänskliga aktivitetssystemet. Tillvägagångssättet innebär att utforma och hantera antropogena fysiska resurser i syfte att: minska inflödet av fysiska resurser; och utflödet av avfall och utsläpp. Livscykelbaserade databaser som länkar resursanvändning till avfallsgenerering behövs för att förbättra den globala fysiska resursförvaltningen.<br><p>QC 20160516</p><br>India4EU
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Udovenko, Olga Andreevna, and Ольга Андріївна Удовенко. "Global challenges at the beginning of the twenty-first century." Thesis, National Aviation University, 2021. https://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/51662.
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1.Ryhtik MP Evoluciaponiat «bezopasnost»: vid «zhostkihugroz» do
«miagkihvizova» // Sovremennyeproblemymyrovoypolitikibezopasnost, konflikty I ihanaliz / Pod red. MM Lebedevoy. - M.: Aspect-Press,2002. - 257 p.
2.Tymkiv Y. Osoblivosty ta klasyfikaciasuchasnyhzagroznacionalnoy ta mizhnarodnoybezpeci / Y. Tymkiv //Naukoviyvisnyk. Odeskiyderzhavniyuniversitet. - 2006. - № 11 (31). - 221.
3.Artushin LM Teoretichniaspectystrategiyvoennoibezpekisuspilstva I derzhavi. Monograph / LM Artushin, GF Kostenko. - Kharkiv: Vid-vo Nat. untuvnutr. case, 2003. - 178 p.
4. Kaminska NV Influence of globalization and regionalization on modern international legal relations / NV Kaminska // Actual problems of international relations. - Vip. 120. - Ch. 1. - 2014. - P.
5. Lukianchenko DG Global Economic Integration: Monograph / DG Lukianenko. - К .: TОV «Nаc.pіdruchnik », 2008. - 318.
POLIT.Challenges of science today, 5-9 April 2021
6. Bodruk OS Structures of military security: national and international aspects: Monograph / OS Bodruk.- К: NPPMB, 2001. - 295 p.
7.Filipenko A. S. Civilizations of economic development / A. S. Filipenko. - K., 2003. - 281 p.<br>Global Challengeschanged completely at the Beginning of the Twenty First Century. The emergence of new threats and challenges has forced the governments to a review traditional approaches of security issues. The peculiarity of the conditions is that the dominant global threat to peace and the interests of the superpowers has been replaced by a huge number of potential threats of a smaller scale, but at the same time quite serious in their consequences for stability, which affects the interests of many states, as well as members of the European community
There are many classifications of threats depending on different criteria. Most scholars distinguish by the criterion of the nature of threats: political,military, economic, social, cultural, environmental and ideological .<br>На початку двадцять першого століття глобальні виклики повністю змінилися. Поява нових загроз і викликів змусило уряди переглянути традиційні підходи до питань безпеки. Особливість нинішніх умов полягає в тому, що на зміну домінуючої глобальну загрозу світу і інтересам наддержав прийшла величезна кількість потенційних загроз меншого масштабу, але в той же час досить серйозних за своїми наслідками для стабільності, які зачіпають інтереси багатьох держав, а також членів європейської спільноти.
Існує безліч класифікацій загроз в залежності від різних критеріїв. Більшість вчених виділяють за критерієм характеру загроз: політичні, військові, економічні, соціальні, культурні, екологічні та ідеологічні.
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Boroff, Alexander. "A Global Village of Poster Children: The Body as Symbol in Contemporary News Media." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1151353253.
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Johnsson, Christian, and Felix Morling. "Benefits and Challenges with Global Sourcing : A study of Swedish companies." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Företagsekonomi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-16886.
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Global sourcing is an important strategy for Swedish businesses since it is a mean to gain competitive advantage which is important on the global market Swedish businesses act on. Consequently it is interesting to investigate the importance of the perceived benefits and challenges with global sourcing since these factors affect the global sourcing decision. Thus, the purpose of this thesis is to investigate how Swedish large businesses perceive the benefits and challenges with global sourcing. To be able to fulfil the purpose primary data was used which was collected through an Internet based questionnaire where the respondents were asked to rank and rate the importance of the benefits and challenges with global sourcing. The data collected was in a quantifiable form and thus quantitative tools were used to analyse the collected data. The result of the study regarding the benefits was that price clearly was perceived as the most important benefit, while counter-trade obligations were seen as the least important benefit. Regarding the challenges, longer lead times and cultural issues were seen as the most challenging aspects, while customs regulations, tariffs and quotas and discrimination from the supplier were perceived as the least important challenges. However since too few responses of the questionnaire were obtained, these results is not generalizable on other Swedish businesses than those that are represented in the sample.
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Acharya, Mod Nath, and Nazam Aslam. "Coordination in Global Software Development : Challenges, associated threats, and mitigating practices." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för datavetenskap och kommunikation, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-6054.
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Global Software Development (GSD) is an emerging trend in today's software world in which teams are geographically dispersed, either in close proximity or globally. GSD provides certain advantages to development companies like low development cost, access to cheap and skilled labour etc. This type of development is noted as a more risky and challenging as compared to projects developed with teams under same roof. Inherently the nature of GSD projects are cooperative in which many software developers work on a common project, share information and coordinate activities. Coordination is a fundamental part of software development. GSD comprises different types of development systems i.e. insourcing, outsourcing, nearshoring, or farshoring, whatever the types of development systems selected by a company there exist the challenges to coordination. Therefore the knowledge of potential challenges, associated threats to coordination and practices to mitigate them plays a vital role for running a successful global project.
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Nekkanti, Lakshmi Sowjanya. "Impact of coordination challenges on quality of global software development projects." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för programvaruteknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-13323.
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Context. Global software development (GSD) gained huge recognition in today’s business world. Most of the software companies day by day are striving hard to evolve globally where software is developed in the context of different environmental settings that are distanced on various factors like geography, timezone, culture and language. Coordination is the factor that plays one of the prominent roles in such a setting for effective teamwork and project success. Although numerous efforts has been done in this research area, there has been no proper evidence from industry about the impact of these coordination challenges on the overall quality of the software when being developed in a distributed setting. Objectives. The purpose of this study is to examine and identify the coordination challenges and risks faced in global software development projects that has a negative impact on the quality of software from practitioner’s perspective. It also identify the tools, methods, and techniques that are used in industry to overcome these challenges and maintain quality standards. Methods. The aims and objectives of our study are fulfilled by conducting survey among practitioners working in GSD projects all around the globe. Further, 10 interviews are conducted with practitioners working in different companies and geographical locations in order to gain a detailed understanding of the impact of identified coordination challenges on the quality of software in GSD projects. Results. A total of 50 survey responses are recorded, out of which 48 respondents specify that coordination challenges has a negative impact on software quality in GSD context. By the ratings given by the participants, we identified the challenges and risks that had a major impact. Mixed results are obtained during interviews where most of them prioritized coordination as a major problem in GSD projects. It also included that use of some tools, methods and processes help them in overcoming this issue. The quality attributes that are mostly affected due to the challenges in GSD projects are also identified. Conclusions. After the analysis of survey results, the coordination challenges and associated risks in GSD projects are identified. They were found to havemostly negative impact on software quality. After thematic analysis of interview results, we observed that though the impact of coordination challenges is negative, its extent of implication is moderate in most cases.
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Shevchenko, Yuliya Viktorivna, Daria Morhunova, and Юлія Вікторівна Шевченко. "Challenges and threats for Ukraine airports caused by the global pandemic." Thesis, National Aviation University, 2020. https://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/48926.
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Today the world has changed. Unpredictable and rapid spread of the COVID-19 pandemic has completely shattered all the plans and strategies that have been built up over the years. The tense pandemiological situation in the world, state restrictions and the closure of borders between countries to counter
the spread of the virus has directly affected the global and domestic aviation industries. And the temporary suspension of airlines and air infrastructure, caused by a sharp drop in passenger traffic, has led not only to the bankruptcy of airlines and massive staff reductions, but also to global changes in the services of the
aviation industry as a whole. According to the results of the economic analysis "Impact of COVID-19 on
the airport business" conducted by the Airport Council International (ACI), the situation is disappointing for the global aviation industry. In particular, the airport sector expects a reduction in passenger volume by 59.6% in 2020 compared to the initial projected baseline to COVID-19 and a reduction in passengers by 58.4% compared to 2019. This is equivalent to a decrease of 5.6 billion passengers per year.<br>Сьогодні світ змінився. Непередбачуване та швидке розповсюдження пандемії COVID-19 повністю зруйнувало всі плани та стратегії, які були побудовані протягом багатьох років. Напружена пандеміологічна ситуація у світі, державні обмеження та закриття кордонів між країнами для протидії
поширення вірусу безпосередньо вплинуло на світову та вітчизняну авіаційну промисловість. А тимчасове призупинення діяльності авіакомпаній та повітряної інфраструктури, спричинене різким падінням пасажиропотоку, призвело не тільки до банкрутства авіакомпаній та масового скорочення персоналу, а й до глобальних змін у послугах
авіаційна промисловість в цілому. За результатами економічного аналізу "Вплив COVID-19 на
аеропортовий бізнес ", проведений Міжнародною радою аеропортів (ACI), ситуація невтішна для світової авіаційної галузі. Зокрема, аеропортовий сектор очікує скорочення обсягу пасажирів на 59,6% у 2020 році порівняно із початковим прогнозованим базовим рівнем для COVID- 19 та скорочення пасажирів на 58,4% порівняно з 2019 роком. Це еквівалентно зменшенню на 5,6 млрд пасажирів на рік.
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Söder, Mareike [Verfasser]. "Essays on the challenges of global land change science / Mareike Söder." Kiel : Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1075492734/34.
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Farinosi, Fabio <1981>. "Impacts of global environmental changes on water: challenges for sustainable development." Doctoral thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/8344.
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This research aims at understanding how human driven global environmental changes in terms of climate and land use are expected to affect the spatial and temporal distribution of water resources. The main questions that thesis asks are: (1) how global climate and land use change are expected to impact the spatial and temporal distribution of the water resources. (2) How human activities like hydropower and agricultural production are likely to be impacted by global environmental changes. (3) How different socio-environmental systems could be adapted to the changing conditions. The thesis is organized in a set of studies aimed at estimating the main practical consequences in terms of hydropower and agricultural production at different geographical scale. It does so selecting the most appropriate tool, from the two main categories of statistical analysis and physical modeling, for each of the specific case studies. A statistical model is utilized to assess the sensitivity of the global hydropower generation to variations in climate. A biosphere model integrated with a routing scheme is utilized to assess the impacts of climate and land use change on the hydrology of the Tapajos river basin, a portion of the Brazilian Amazon. A hydro-energy model was used to assess the possible implications in case of hydropower development in the river system. A crop model was used to analyze the expected impacts to the agricultural productivity in the upper part of the Tapajos basin, one of the most important areas for this economic sector in Brazil. Results show how the global hydropower system is expected to be vulnerable to global changes with specific magnitudes linked to the spatial distribution of climate change and the specific characteristics of the power plants. The Tapajos river basin hydrology is expected to be seriously impacted by climate change, mainly through a delay in the beginning of the rainy season and a reduction of its duration. Land use change, in the specific case deforestation, is expected to partially invert the decreasing trends in river discharge caused by climate change, but causing a consistent increase in flow variability. Moreover, the crop analysis confirmed the expected negative climate change impacts on the agricultural sector in the upper part of the basin, creating the basis for a possible demand for irrigation: an adaptation strategy destined at increasing the anthropogenic pressure on the water resources. The project aims at providing policy makers with a better understanding of the expected future impacts and enhances long-term adaptation strategies. The global hydropower analysis gives an idea of the patterns of vulnerability of this system of production. The basin scale analysis shows how the river flow could be modified by the combined effects of climate, land use change and alternative uses water demand. This confirms that an increasing level of uncertainty should be taken into consideration in case of infrastructural development of the area.
This thesis provides a significant contribution to the debate about uncertainty and stationarity in water management. It proves, providing practical examples, how different socio-economic and ecological systems at different geographical scale are interconnected: the dynamics influencing one system affect, directly or indirectly, the connected systems causing a cascade effect.
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Maataoui, Hajar <1997>. "Global Diffusion of Intellectual Property Rights: Analysis on Challenges and Benefits." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/20510.
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Throughout history, we experienced the development of many legal approaches with the aim to preserve and safeguard intellectual property rights, granted to individuals over their intellectual work. This dissertation examines the overall efficiency of the system, the mechanisms employed to enforce IPRs, as well as the countries’ evolution when it comes to their roles in this changing international policy environment. The research covers also the importance of intellectual property rights in economic activity and highlights some emerging trends in the IPRs field through a brief econometric analysis, which demonstrates the significance of IPRs in both the production of intellectual assets and the application of private knowledge for the overall business performance. Intangible resources have become more crucial for companies as a method to differentiate themselves from their competition, therefore, the intellectual property system is now desirable and vital for all economic players, particularly small and medium-sized companies. However, observed data shows that small and medium-sized enterprises have major problems in properly exploiting the IPRs, which might limit their capacity to leverage their creative and innovative talents; thus, the paper looks into some of the barriers and techniques used to overcome them. Worldwide, countries have coordinated and aligned to a significant degree their legislation protecting intangible goods.
A substantial harmonization of intellectual property laws is best seen as form of policy diffusion, which means that states generally do not develop such laws to respond to domestic policy concerns. The study then examines the difficulties that developing countries face in changing their intellectual property rights regimes while minimizing the negative consequences of increased protection by focusing on foreign direct investment and trade. Finally, the analysis underlines the importance of developing an exit strategy to adopt during the pandemic, which necessitates financial organization, judgment, collaboration and a rigorous approach. Exit options must be offered in a transparent and timely way to give banks and governments time and flexibility to address economic activities and intellectual property issues that arise during the development of new medications, vaccines, and general technologies to tackle COVID-19's dangers.
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De, Lazzari Alessia <1997>. "Global Value Chains and Covid-19 challenges. Case study: Glass 1989." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/21432.
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Il fine principale della tesi è quello di analizzare la situazione attuale delle catene globali del valore, di come abbiano dovuto affrontare nuove sfide a causa della pandemia la quale sta contribuendo all'affermazione del fenomeno delle regionalizzazioni.
In particolare, l'analisi vorrà evidenziare la fragilità del sistema dimostrata dal problema attuale che tutto il mondo si vede dover affrontare, ovvero il problema dell'approvvigionamento delle materie prime e dei loro costi.
A supporto dell'analisi verrà presentato il caso studio dell'azienda Glass 1989 srl; le difficoltà che la stessa sta ora ora affrontando sono le stesse che accomunano la gran parte delle aziende in tutto il mondo, le quali devono fare i conti con il problema dell'approvvigionamento delle materie prime e dei loro costi sempre più elevati, come quelli dei trasporti.
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Assogbavi, Koutchogna. "Global imbalances and international trade in the era of climate challenges." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BORD0120.
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Cette thèse examine empiriquement différentes questions-clés d'économie et de finance internationales sous le prisme de la montée des risques liés au changement climatique et aux politiques d'atténuation. Le premier chapitre analyse les déséquilibres mondiaux des comptes courants, particulièrement depuis la crise de 2008, en identifiant des facteurs comme le développement financier et les variables institutionnelles influençant ces déséquilibres par des variations de l’épargne et des investissements. Les prédictions de comptes courants montrent des excédents au Japon, en Chine et en Allemagne. Dans cette première partie, nous évaluons également l'impact des politiques d'atténuation du changement climatique en intégrant certaines variables politiques dans notre analyse. Les résultats montrent que des politiques environnementales plus strictes ou des taxes environnementales plus élevées sont associées à des excédents de la balance courante. Le deuxième chapitre examine l’impact des politiques environnementales sur le commerce international, concluant qu’une politique stricte réduit les émissions de CO2 dans les échanges, bien qu’une fuite de carbone soit observée via les importations de pays à politique environnementale plus souple. Le troisième chapitre évalue l’effet des catastrophes naturelles sur la balance des paiements, révélant un impact négatif à court terme, plus marqué dans les pays émergents, tropicaux, insulaires et côtiers. La thèse conclut que les risques climatiques et les politiques d’atténuation influencent les échanges internationaux et les flux de capitaux, et ces effets devraient s’intensifier à l’avenir<br>This thesis empirically examines various key issues in international economics and finance through the lens of rising risks associated with climate change and mitigation policies. The first chapter analyzes global current account imbalances, particularly since the 2008 crisis, identifying factors such as financial development and institutional variables that influence these imbalances through shifts in savings and investments. Current account predictions indicate surpluses in Japan, China, and Germany. In this first part, we also assess the impact of climate change mitigation policies by incorporating certain policy variables into our analysis. The results show that stricter environmental policies or higher environmental taxes are associated with current account surpluses. The second chapter examines the impact of environmental policies on international trade, concluding that strict policies reduce CO₂ emissions in trade, although carbon leakage is observed through imports from countries with less stringent environmental policies. The third chapter assesses the effect of natural disasters on the balance of payments, revealing a short-term negative impact, which is more pronounced in emerging, tropical, island, and coastal countries. The thesis concludes that climate risks and mitigation policies influence international trade and capital flows, with these effects expected to intensify in the future
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Embretsen, Daniel, and Labib Hyder. "Scrum in Global Software Development : An Ethnographic Case Study of Scrum's Mitigation Effects on Global Software Development Challenges." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-325779.
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The increasing technological advancement and globalization has seen a rise in offshoring of IT-development, also known as Global Software Development (GSD). One of the most common countries for offshoring has been India with its increasingly competent population.The use of GSD to leverage highly skilled and low-cost labor also creates challenges in three main categories; Coordination, Control and Communication. These challenges arise due to socio-cul-tural, geographical and temporal distances.The use of the Scrum development framework is claimed by scholars to mitigate these issues. This study is grounded on Hossain, Bannerman & Jeffery’s (2011) research framework, which summa-rizes the current body of literature on Scrum’s mitigating effect on commonly occurring challenges in a GSD environment. Due to the scarcity of empirical data on the research framework, the authors of this thesis conducted an ethnographical study on location in India at Indpro, a company founded in Sweden and studied two projects. The purpose of this study is to both evaluate and provide suggestions for expansion of the Hossain et al. (2011) framework with ethnographically collected empirical support, which prior to this was primarily based on experience reports. This study also aims to identify GSD challenges and mitigation strategies that occur in the setting of an experi-enced organization conversant with Scrum methodology in a GSD context.The purpose of this study is to contribute to an increased empirical understanding of how Scrum is being used in a GSD environment, what challenges are prevalent in a distributed GSD environ-ment and how those challenges might be addressed or mitigated. In this study, parts of Hossain et al. (2011) framework are evaluated and suggestions for expanding it through mitigation strategies such as Planning, high quality ICT-Mediate Synchronous and asynchronous communication are specified. Implications for practitioners include the proposal to follow Scrum Practices more me-ticulously to receive all of Scrums inherent mitigating effects.
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Peng, Yuanyuan. "The challenges facing China's state-owned banks today : lessons from the pre-1949 history of the Bank of China." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.614190.
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Jiang, Chunnan, and Yue Tian. "Problems and Challenges of Global Sourcing : A Study of Chinese Manufacturing Enterprises." Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, Centre of Logistics and Supply Chain Management, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-12113.
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<p>Background:Scholars tend to view global sourcing as a one-way street, whereby multinational manufacturers from developed countries purchase low-cost materials and products from developing countries. Undoubtedly, one of the purchasing bases for them is China because of its abundant resources and cheap labor. That is why China is aptly called the “Global Factory.” Conversely, few Chinese manufactures currently adopt a global sourcing strategy. However, the higher demand for technical quality and an increase in manufacturing cost is driving more Chinese manufacturers to adopt a global sourcing strategy in order to improve their competitive advantage. This would help them to optimize the use of global resources.</p><p>Purpose: The purpose of this master thesis is to analyze what problems and challenges Chinese manufacturing companies face in the implementation of a global sourcing strategy.</p><p>Research Method: Our study shall analyze the situation and problems encountered when Chinese manufacturers implement a global sourcing strategy. To achieve this deep understanding we need to perform a qualitative investigation of some Chinese manufacturers. Hence, we chose qualitative research as our methodology of this thesis.</p><p>Conclusion:Pursuing global sourcing is a process which takes a long time and involves many obstacles to be overcome. In this complicated situation, there is not a universal compass to pursue global sourcing. Inexperienced Chinese manufacturers have to deal with each problem in order to develop an advanced level of global sourcing and to face the challenges from logistics capabilities, selecting foreign sources, protectionism, regulations, and so on.</p>
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Bergner, Nele Marisa von [Verfasser], and Edgar [Akademischer Betreuer] Kreilkamp. "Future Challenges for Global Tourism / Nele Marisa von Bergner. Betreuer: Edgar Kreilkamp." Lüneburg : Universitätsbibliothek der Leuphana Universität Lüneburg, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1058733834/34.
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Kauffeldt, Anna. "Disinformative and Uncertain Data in Global Hydrology : Challenges for Modelling and Regionalisation." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Luft-, vatten och landskapslära, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-236864.
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Water is essential for human well-being and healthy ecosystems, but population growth and changes in climate and land-use are putting increased stress on water resources in many regions. To ensure water security, knowledge about the spatiotemporal distribution of these resources is of great importance. However, estimates of global water resources are constrained by limitations in availability and quality of data. This thesis explores the quality of both observational and modelled data, gives an overview of models used for large-scale hydrological modelling, and explores the possibilities to deal with the scarcity of data by prediction of flow-duration curves. The evaluation of the quality of observational data for large-scale hydrological modelling was based on both hydrographic data, and model forcing and evaluation data for basins worldwide. The results showed that a GIS polygon dataset outperformed all gridded hydrographic products analysed in terms of representation of basin areas. Through a screening methodology based on the long-term water-balance equation it was shown that as many as 8–43% of the basins analysed displayed inconsistencies between forcing (precipitation and potential evaporation) and evaluation (discharge) data depending on how datasets were combined. These data could prove disinformative in hydrological model inference and analysis. The quality of key hydrological variables from a numerical weather prediction model was assessed by benchmarking against observational datasets and by analysis of the internal land-surface water budgets of several different model setups. Long-term imbalances were found between precipitation and evaporation on the global scale and between precipitation, evaporation and runoff on both cell and basin scales. These imbalances were mainly attributed to the data assimilation system in which soil moisture is used as a nudge factor to improve weather forecasts. Regionalisation, i.e. transfer of information from data-rich areas to data-sparse areas, is a necessity in hydrology because of a lack of observed data in many areas. In this thesis, the possibility to predict flow-duration curves in ungauged basins was explored by testing several different methodologies including machine learning. The results were mixed, with some well predicted curves, but many predicted curves exhibited large biases and several methods resulted in unrealistic curves.<br>Vatten är en förutsättning för människors och ekosystems hälsa, men befolkningsökning och förändringar av klimat och markanvändning förväntas öka trycket på vattenresurserna i många regioner i världen. För att kunna säkerställa en god tillgång till vatten krävs kunskap om hur dessa resurser varierar i tid och rum. Tillförlitligheten hos skattningar av globala vattenresurser begränsas dock både av begränsad tillgänglighet av och kvalitet hos observerade data. Denna avhandling utforskar kvaliteten av såväl observations- som modellbaserade data, ger en överblick över modeller som används för storskalig hydrologisk modellering och utforskar möjligheterna att förutsäga varaktighetskurvor som ett sätt att hantera bristen på data i många områden. Utvärderingen av observationsbaserade datas kvalitet baserades på hydrografiska data och driv- och utvärderingsdata för storskaliga hydrologiska modeller. Resultaten visade att en uppsättning data över hydrografin baserad på GIS-polygoner representerade avrinningsområdesareorna bättre än alla de som byggde på rutor. En metod baserad på långtidsvattenbalansen identifierade att kombinationen av drivdata (nederbörd och potentiell avdunstning) och utvärderingsdata (vattenföring) var fysiskt orimlig för så många som 8–43 % av de analyserade avrinningsområdena beroende på hur olika datauppsättningar kombinerades. Sådana data kan vara desinformativa för slutsatser som dras av resultat från hydrologiska modeller och analyser. Kvaliteten hos hydrologiskt viktiga variabler från en numerisk väderprognosmodell utvärderades dels genom jämförelser med observationsdata och dels genom analys av landytans vattenbudget för ett flertal olika modellvarianter. Resultaten visade obalanser mellan långtidsvärden av nederbörd och avdunstning i global skala och mellan långtidsvärden av nederbörd, avdunstning och avrinning i både modellrute- och avrinningsområdesskala. Dessa obalanser skulle till stor del kunna förklaras av den data assimilering som görs, i vilken markvattenlagret används som en justeringsfaktor för att förbättra väderprognoserna. Regionalisering, som innebär en överföring av information från områden med god tillgång på mätdata till områden med otillräcklig tillgång, är i många fall nödvändig för hydrologisk analys på grund av att mätdata saknas i många områden. I denna avhandling utforskades möjligheten att förutsäga varaktighetskurvor för avrinningsområden utan vattenföringsdata genom flera metoder inklusive maskininlärning. Resultaten var blandade med en del kurvor som förutsas väl, och andra kurvor som visade stora systematiska avvikelser. Flera metoder resulterade i orealistiska kurvor (ickemonotona eller med negativa värden).
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PONTES, ANGELA MARIA DE. "BRAZILIAN FEMALE EXECUTIVES IN GLOBAL ORGANIZATIONS: OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES FOR WOMEN LEADERSHIP." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2017. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=30607@1.
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O presente estudo tem por objetivo analisar de que modo um grupo de mulheres executivas brasileiras, líderes em organizações globais, tem identificado as oportunidades (fatores que facilitam a liderança feminina), desafios (barreiras enfrentadas) e estratégias (modos de agir adotados para maximizar as oportunidades e superar os desafios) ao longo de suas carreiras. Para tanto, foi realizada uma pesquisa de campo, de natureza qualitativa, com oito mulheres em posição de alta liderança, por meio de entrevistas em profundidade e do método de análise de conteúdo. Os resultados demonstraram os desafios que precisaram ser superados, frente à condição de líder feminina, na visão das respondentes, bem como as oportunidades que permitiram emergir suas características pessoais diferenciadas que possibilitaram a conquista de resultados expressivos. A pesquisa evidenciou, ainda, a adoção de uma identidade profissional multifacetada de feminilidades e masculinidades sugerindo uma atitude de mudança comportamental.<br>The objective of this study is to analyze how a group of Brazilian women executives, leaders in global organizations, have identified opportunities (factors that facilitate female leadership), challenges (barriers faced) and strategies (ways of acting adopted to maximize opportunities and overcome challenges) throughout their careers. For that, a qualitative field research was conducted with eight women in a high leadership position, through in-depth interviews and the content analysis method. The results demonstrated the challenges that had to be overcome, in view of the female leader, in the respondents view, as well as the opportunities that allowed them to emerge their differentiated personal characteristics that allowed the achievement of expressive results. The research also evidenced the adoption of a multifaceted professional identity of femininities and masculinities suggesting an attitude of behavioral change.
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Kokob, Tesfagergsh Tesfagabr. "The Hamelmalo agricultural college environmental society; an indigenous solution to global challenges." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2014. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/36295.
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The Hamelmalo agricultural college environmental society (HACES) is a college based organization founded to facilitate the establishment of vital development projects in predominantly rural, disadvantaged communities throughout Eritrea.
HACES plays a facilitative role in the process, enabling local communities and neighborhoods who chose to do so, to identify, plan and implement the socio-economic and environmental projects they most need in a democratic manner. This ‘bottom-up’ participatory approach delivers not only projects but training. Communities therefore receive the tools to create their own autonomous projects in the future - the essential goal of sustainable human development.
When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/36295
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Marintseva, Iryna Kozeletska, Маринцева, and Ірина Степанівна Козелецька. "The University Role in Mitigating and Overcoming Global Air Transport Sector Challenges." Thesis, Національний авіаційний університет, 2018. http://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/39359.
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The overall air transport sustainability provides for meeting the global demand for regular, efficient and economical air transport. A sustainable air transport system “should be affordable, should operate safely, securely, fairly and efficiently, and should offer choices of air services while supporting a competitive economy and balanced regional development». Training at the undergraduate, postgraduate, and doctoral students are encouraged to interact with their supervisors and professionals within the academic context and in a particular section<br>Загальна сталість повітряного транспорту забезпечує задоволення глобального попиту на регулярні, ефективні та економічні повітряні перевезення. Стала система повітряного транспорту «повинна бути доступною, безпечною, справедливою, ефективною з великим вибором повітряних перевезень за підтримки конкурентної економіки та збалансованого розвитку. Студенти бакалавріату, аспірантури та докторантури тісно співпрацюють з викладачами і професіоналами в теоретичній і практичній підготовці.<br>Общая устойчивость воздушного транспорта обеспечивает удовлетворение глобального спроса на регулярные, эффективные и экономичные воздушные перевозки. Устойчивая система воздушного транспорта "должна быть доступной, безопасной, эффективной, справедливой, предлагать широкий выбор воздушных перевозок при поддержке конкурентоспособной экономики и сбалансированного развития". Студенты бакалавриата, аспирантуры и докторантури тесно взаимодействуют с преподавателями и профессионалами в теоретической и практической подготовке
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Anderson, Caryn, and Gabriele Bammer. "Measuring the Global Research Environment: Information Science Challenges for the 21st Century." ASIST, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/105639.
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“What does the global research environment look like?” This paper presents a summary look at the results of efforts to address this question using available indicators on global research production. It was surprising how little information is available, how difficult some of it is to access and how flawed the data are. The three most useful data sources were UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) Research and Development data (1996-2002), the Institute of Scientific Information publications listings for January 1998 through March 2003, and the World of Learning 2002 reference volume. The data showed that it is difficult to easily get a good overview of the global research situation from existing sources. Furthermore, inequalities between countries in research capacity are marked and challenging. Information science offers strategies for responding to both of these challenges. In both cases improvements are likely if access to information can be facilitated and the process of integrating information from different sources can be simplified, allowing transformation into effective action. The global research environment thus serves as a case study for the focus of this paper – the exploration of information science responses to challenges in the management, exchange and implementation of knowledge globally.
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Lindborg, Moa. "Making a Global Framework Local : Challenges and Opportunities in Agenda 2030 Localization." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Tema Miljöförändring, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-157657.
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By adopting the United Nations Agenda 2030 and its 17 Sustainable Development Goals, a common path towards a sustainable world is accepted. The Agenda 2030 framework strives towards global sustainability by including all sustainability dimensions. Agenda 2030 reaches worldwide and to all authority levels. To reach the goals, implementation on the local level is central, but the process, which is called localization, is however not always simple. Since the global prerequisites and contexts vary, the implementation process will face different obstacles and challenges, yet the different nations will also see different opportunities. This study aims to examine municipality officials' views on the local implementation of the climate and environmental related goals of Agenda 2030 in order to create a deeper understanding of what makes challenges and opportunities in the process. The analysis is based on focus group interviews in three Swedish municipalities within the same county. Patterns in similar challenges and opportunities for Agenda 2030 localization are identified between the municipalities studied. A general challenge is seen in the complexity of the goals in their unity, by contrast an opportunity is seen within the own interpretation of the Agenda 2030 targets. Adopting the agenda to already existing policies are considered hard as well as the organization structure of municipalities. Yet, opportunities are seen within the local contributions to goal achievement and the use of workforce reserved for the implementation process. No general template for Agenda 2030 implementation can be identified - the process needs to be locally interpreted and adapted.
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Pillalamarri, Kalyani, and Mekki Mohamed. "SMEs Internationalization From Developing Countries : Challenges and Barriers." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för ekonomi, teknik och naturvetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-31786.
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Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) play a major role in the development of the nation's economy by providing employment and creating the economic growth. The management of the companies that are going international considers different motives before taking the step into the international market. The internationalization process involves risks and uncertainty significantly effected by challenges and barriers to SMEs from developing countries.
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McAllister, Edward J. "Yesterday's tomorrow is not today : memory and place in an Algiers neighbourhood." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:3031ef90-d145-4d7a-b7b8-711240b29fa0.
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Since the euphoria of a hard-won independence and the hopes attached to socialist nation-building, Algeria has experienced liberalisation, increasing inequality and civil war. This thesis sets out to explore memories of post-independence nation-building in the 1970s, interrogating the past-present relationship, by asking how Algerians remember their own recent past, and what these memories reveal about contemporary subjectivities. Based on a year of ethnographic fieldwork in the low-income Algiers neighbourhood of Bab el-Oued, the research focuses specifically on memories of politics, urban space and sociability. While the authoritarianism of the period was rejected for its repression of civil liberties, the overwhelming narrative on the period was nostalgic, with the past routinely couched as more positive than the present. Memories of intense social mobility and rising living standards within the context of state-led development, competent urban management and warm neighbourhood relations governed by traditional morality and solidarity were used to critique the present; particularly the retreat of the state from its responsibilities since the 1980s and the fragmented, consumerist society that has emerged from civil conflict since the 1990s. However, social memory also translated a series of principles that demonstrated the continued relevance of the egalitarian claims made by postcolonial nationalism. Popular notions of social justice mapped future aspirations for the Algerian polity. Nostalgia was not only a matter of the past, but of the lost future of material plenty and equality promised by industrial modernisation that once seemed just over the horizon, but is now divorced from present experience. Such memories translated the passing of the dream of mass utopia, even though the modernist principles of equality, justice and progress continued to underpin both daily interactions and the political aspirations of the present.
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Dharmadas, Mugunthan. "Global Software Development: A Case Study of Knowledge Management Challenges and Industry Approaches." Thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Computer and Information Science, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-9751.
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<p>Recent years, Global Software Development has been pervasive in the field of software development. Research literature describes empirically observed benefits and challenges, but it is descriptive and pragmatic, and offers little theoretic grounding of the findings. The literature recognizes communication and transfer of knowledge as one of the main issues haunting software development, causing poor implementation of projects and poor software quality. This report presents a case study of globally distributed software development, the communicational and knowledge managerial challenges observed, and theoretic reasoning of these. Mitos Desert projects have been ongoing for several years with teams in India and Norway. The observed challenges are inadequate information quality when using a middleman in communication; difficulties due to peoples preferences on written and oral language use; unbalanced knowledge distribution causing dependencies across sites; lack of informal talks across sites causing coordination issues. Mitos approaches to cope with these challenges includes extensive visiting; a kit to promote rapid learning for new joiners; intermediaries with cross-cultural experience; quarterly feedback; written summary of meetings to confirm correct interpretation. Overall, Mitos shows maturity in conducting global software development, causing relatively smooth implementation of such projects. Through the discussion of challenges and solutions, this report shows that a theoretic grounding can contribute to describe why challenges occur and solutions work, rather than only describing what happens. Also, the study shows the vital role of theories for a better understanding of knowledge managerial aspects of global software development.</p>