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Journal articles on the topic 'Global deforestation'
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1
Grin, Nadezhda, and Kristina Miasnikova. "DEFORESTATION – GLOBAL ECOLOGIC PROBLEM." Modern Technologies and Scientific and Technological Progress 2022, no. 1 (2022): 247–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.36629/2686-9896-2022-1-247-248.
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KOBAYASHI, Shigeo. "Deforestation and Global Environment." Journal of Geography (Chigaku Zasshi) 102, no. 6 (1993): 774–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5026/jgeography.102.6_774.
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Sugden, Andrew M. "Mapping global deforestation patterns." Science 361, no. 6407 (2018): 1083.5–1083. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.361.6407.1083-e.
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Palm, Oil Agribusiness Strategic Policy Institute. "EUROPEAN DEFORESTATION-FREE REGULATION: ANTI-DEFORESTATION POLICY THAT INCREASES GLOBAL DEFORESTATION AND EMISSIONS." Journal Analysis of Palm Oil Strategic Issues 4, no. 4 (2023): 761–66. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13801397.
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The European Union (EU) has implemented the EUDR policy with the aim of reducing/eliminatingglobal deforestation and emissions by classifying palm oil as a forest risk commodity. Through duediligence, traceability and certification, it is expected that palm oil associated with deforestation willnot enter the EU market. However, the implementation of this policy actually has the potential toincrease deforestation, biodiversity loss, and global emissions due to the substitution of palm oil withother vegetable oils that are prone to excessive deforestation and emissions. This means that theliving standards of the EU community will also be downgraded as they will consume inferiorvegetable oils, namely vegetable oils that are prone to excessive deforestation and emissions.
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Fearnside, P. M. "Tropical Deforestation and Global Warming." Science 312, no. 5777 (2006): 1137c. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.312.5777.1137c.
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Dore, Mohammed H. I., Mark Johnston, and Harvey Stevens. "Deforestation and Global Market Pressures." Canadian Journal of Development Studies/Revue canadienne d'études du développement 18, no. 3 (1997): 419–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02255189.1997.10721204.
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Li, Yan, Bo Huang, Chunping Tan, Xia Zhang, Francesco Cherubini, and Henning W. Rust. "Investigating the global and regional response of drought to idealized deforestation using multiple global climate models." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 29, no. 6 (2025): 1637–58. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-1637-2025.
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Abstract. Land use change, particularly deforestation, significantly influences the global climate system. While various studies have explored how deforestation affects temperature and precipitation, its impact on drought remains less explored. Understanding these effects across different climate zones and timescales is crucial for crafting effective land use policies aimed at mitigating climate change. This study investigates how changes in forest cover affect drought across different timescales and climate zones using simulated deforestation scenarios, where forests are converted to grasslands. The study utilizes data from nine global climate models, including BCC-CSM2-MR, CMCC-ESM2, CNRM-ESM2-1, CanESM5, EC-Earth3-Veg, GISS-E2-1-G, IPSL-CM6A-LR, MIROC-ES2L, and UKESM1-0-LL, which contribute to the Land Use Model Intercomparison Project (LUMIP). Drought effects are assessed by examining the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) in the idealized global deforestation experiment (deforest-global) using the pre-industrial control simulation (piControl) as the reference. At the 3-month scale (SPEI03), global SPEI responses to deforestation are negative overall, indicating increased dryness conditions, particularly in tropical regions, while causing wetter conditions in dry regions. The multi-model ensemble mean (MME) of SPEI03 is -0.19±0.05 (mean ± standard deviation) in tropical regions and 0.07±0.05 in dry regions. The impact on drought conditions becomes more significant over longer timescales. In tropical regions, the MME of SPEI at the 24-month scale is -0.39±0.07, while it is 0.19±0.08 in dry regions, highlighting the lasting effects of deforestation on drought conditions. Seasonal responses of SPEI03 to deforestation are more pronounced during autumn and winter, with especially significant effects observed in tropical and northern polar regions. For the MME of SPEI03, the values in tropical regions are -0.24±0.08 and -0.18±0.07, while, in northern polar regions, they are -0.16±0.07 and -0.20±0.08, respectively. Continental zones experience significant seasonal changes, becoming drier in winter and wetter in summer due to global deforestation, while the Northern Hemisphere's dry regions see increased wetter conditions, particularly in autumn. Deforestation alters surface albedo by changing surface land cover structure, which affects the surface energy and water balance by modifying net solar radiation, evapotranspiration, and precipitation patterns. These changes affect water deficits, leading to varying drought responses to deforestation. The findings deepen our understanding of the relationship between vegetation change and climate change, offering valuable insights for better resource management and mitigation strategies against future climate change impacts.
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Palm, Oil Agribusiness Strategic Policy Institute. "IS GLOBAL DEFORESTATION REALLY THE MAIN CAUSE OF GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE?" Journal Analysis of Palm Oil Strategic Issues 4, no. 18 (2024): 861–66. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13841414.
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Global deforestation is not a major contributor to global GHG emissions, so it is not a majorcontributor to global warming and global climate change. The share of deforestation is smallercompared to the share of fossil energy in the increase of global GHG emissions. Therefore, linkingdeforestation to international commodity trade with argument of controlling global climate change,as done by the European Union in RED II or EUDR, does not have a strong scientific basis and data.
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Tarkik-Gautam-Ranjan. "Global deforestation and its relation to animal extinction." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 15, no. 1 (2022): 499–511. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2022.15.1.0749.
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Deforestation and animal extinction go hand in hand, also side effect of deforestation is not only limited to wildlife but to all across globe. Global Forest cover during 1900 CE was around 5500 million hectare (MN ha) and it was just 409 MN ha in 2020. From global warming to a trophic cascade and many more are caused due to deforestation. Due to rapid deforestation native animal species are unable to endure and are perishing at a rapid rate which has accelerated significantly during the last two decades. Sustainable development and situational awareness are important to reduce the damage.
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Tarkik-Gautam-Ranjan. "Global deforestation and its relation to animal extinction." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 15, no. 1 (2022): 499–511. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7745276.
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Deforestation and animal extinction go hand in hand, also side effect of deforestation is not only limited to wildlife but to all across globe. Global Forest cover during 1900 CE was around 5500 million hectare (MN ha) and it was just 409 MN ha in 2020. From global warming to a trophic cascade and many more are caused due to deforestation. Due to rapid deforestation native animal species are unable to endure and are perishing at a rapid rate which has accelerated significantly during the last two decades. Sustainable development and situational awareness are important to reduce the damage.
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Curtis, Philip G., Christy M. Slay, Nancy L. Harris, Alexandra Tyukavina, and Matthew C. Hansen. "Classifying drivers of global forest loss." Science 361, no. 6407 (2018): 1108–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aau3445.
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Global maps of forest loss depict the scale and magnitude of forest disturbance, yet companies, governments, and nongovernmental organizations need to distinguish permanent conversion (i.e., deforestation) from temporary loss from forestry or wildfire. Using satellite imagery, we developed a forest loss classification model to determine a spatial attribution of forest disturbance to the dominant drivers of land cover and land use change over the period 2001 to 2015. Our results indicate that 27% of global forest loss can be attributed to deforestation through permanent land use change for commodity production. The remaining areas maintained the same land use over 15 years; in those areas, loss was attributed to forestry (26%), shifting agriculture (24%), and wildfire (23%). Despite corporate commitments, the rate of commodity-driven deforestation has not declined. To end deforestation, companies must eliminate 5 million hectares of conversion from supply chains each year.
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Giam, Xingli. "Global biodiversity loss from tropical deforestation." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 23 (2017): 5775–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1706264114.
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MALINGREAU, J. P., C. J. TUCKER, and N. LAPORTE. "AVHRR for monitoring global tropical deforestation." International Journal of Remote Sensing 10, no. 4-5 (1989): 855–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01431168908903926.
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Houghton, Richard A. "The global effects of tropical deforestation." Environmental Science & Technology 24, no. 4 (1990): 414–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es00074a001.
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McGuffie, K. "Global climate sensitivity to tropical deforestation." Global and Planetary Change 10, no. 1-4 (1995): 97–128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0921-8181(94)00022-6.
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Ilyushkova, Elena, and Mariya Tikhonova. "Global climate change and forest ecosystems." АгроЭкоИнфо 5, no. 59 (2023): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.51419/202135525.
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The article examines the relationship between the process of global climate change and the forest ecosystem, analyzes forecasts for an increase in the average global air temperature and the intensification of deforestation processes. Keywords: FOREST ECOSYSTEMS, GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE, GREENHOUSE GASES, DEFORESTATION, AVERAGE ANNUAL TEMPERATURE
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Addae, Bright, and Suzana Dragićević. "Modelling Global Deforestation Using Spherical Geographic Automata Approach." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 12, no. 8 (2023): 306. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi12080306.
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Deforestation as a land-cover change process is linked to several environmental problems including desertification, biodiversity loss, and ultimately climate change. Understanding the land-cover change process and its relation to human–environment interactions is important for supporting spatial decisions and policy making at the global level. However, current geosimulation model applications mainly focus on characterizing urbanization and agriculture expansion. Existing modelling approaches are also unsuitable for simulating land-cover change processes covering large spatial extents. Thus, the objective of this research is to develop and implement a spherical geographic automata model to simulate deforestation at the global level under different scenarios designed to represent diverse future conditions. Simulation results from the deforestation model indicate the global forest size would decrease by 10.5% under the “business-as-usual” scenario through 2100. The global forest extent would also decline by 15.3% under the accelerated deforestation scenario and 3.7% under the sustainable deforestation scenario by the end of the 21st century. The obtained simulation outputs also revealed the rate of deforestation in protected areas to be considerably lower than the overall forest-cover change rate under all scenarios. The proposed model can be utilized by stakeholders to examine forest conservation programs and support sustainable policy making and implementation.
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Hosen, Bappa. "EXPLORING THE ECOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES OF DEFORESTATION IN TROPICAL RAINFORESTS." Environment & Ecosystem Science 7, no. 2 (2023): 112–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/ees.02.2023.112.121.
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Tropical rainforests, characterized by their remarkable biodiversity and critical role in climate regulation, face unprecedented threats from deforestation. This research seeks to comprehensively explore the ecological consequences of deforestation in tropical rainforests by synthesizing existing literature and empirical studies. Our objectives encompass assessing the impacts on biodiversity, climate, and ecosystem services, while also examining conservation efforts and policy recommendations. The analysis of biodiversity impacts reveals that deforestation disrupts complex ecosystems, leading to species extinctions, altered ecological interactions, and genetic diversity loss. These effects resonate across taxonomic groups, affecting both well-known and lesser-known species. Deforestation’s relationship with climate change is a central concern. We find that tropical rainforests act as vital carbon sinks, and their degradation exacerbates global warming. Deforestation-induced changes in precipitation patterns and greenhouse gas emissions further highlight the interconnectedness of these ecosystems with climate dynamics. Ecosystem services, including water purification, pollination, and cultural values, are compromised by deforestation, impacting local communities and global society. Effective conservation strategies, such as protected areas and reforestation initiatives, offer hope, but face challenges of scale and implementation. Drawing on case studies from diverse tropical rainforest regions, we illustrate the variation in ecological consequences, emphasizing the need for context-specific solutions. Overall, It examines the causes and drivers of deforestation, the ecological functions of rainforests, and the impacts of deforestation on biodiversity, carbon cycling, climate, and local communities. The paper also discusses conservation efforts and policy implications for mitigating these consequences, this research underscores the urgent need for collective action to combat deforestation in tropical rainforests. The implications of this study inform policy recommendations, emphasizing the importance of international agreements and multi-stakeholder collaboration. Our findings highlight the imperative to protect these irreplaceable ecosystems to safeguard biodiversity, mitigate climate change, and preserve the ecosystem services they provide for present and future generations.
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Avissar, Roni, and David Werth. "Global Hydroclimatological Teleconnections Resulting from Tropical Deforestation." Journal of Hydrometeorology 6, no. 2 (2005): 134–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jhm406.1.
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Abstract Past studies have indicated that deforestation of the Amazon basin would result in an important rainfall decrease in that region but that this process had no significant impact on the global temperature or precipitation and had only local implications. Here it is shown that deforestation of tropical regions significantly affects precipitation at mid- and high latitudes through hydrometeorological teleconnections. In particular, it is found that the deforestation of Amazonia and Central Africa severely reduces rainfall in the lower U.S. Midwest during the spring and summer seasons and in the upper U.S. Midwest during the winter and spring, respectively, when water is crucial for agricultural productivity in these regions. Deforestation of Southeast Asia affects China and the Balkan Peninsula most significantly. On the other hand, the elimination of any of these tropical forests considerably enhances summer rainfall in the southern tip of the Arabian Peninsula. The combined effect of deforestation of these three tropical regions causes a significant decrease in winter precipitation in California and seems to generate a cumulative enhancement of precipitation during the summer in the southern tip of the Arabian Peninsula.
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Moraes, E. C., Sergio H. Franchito, and V. Brahmananda Rao. "Amazonian Deforestation: Impact of Global Warming on the Energy Balance and Climate." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 52, no. 3 (2013): 521–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-11-0258.1.
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AbstractA coupled biosphere–atmosphere statistical–dynamical model is used to study the relative roles of the impact of the land change caused by tropical deforestation and global warming on energy balance and climate. Three experiments were made: 1) deforestation, 2) deforestation + 2 × CO2, and 3) deforestation + CO2, CH4, N2O, and O3 for 2100. In experiment 1, the climatic impact of the Amazonian deforestation is studied. In experiment 2, the effect of doubling CO2 is included. In experiment 3, the concentrations of the greenhouse gases (GHGs) correspond to the A1FI scenario from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Special Report on Emissions Scenarios. The results showed that the percentage of the warming caused by deforestation relative to the warming when the increase in GHG concentrations is included is higher than 60% in the tropical region. On the other hand, with the increase in GHG concentrations, a reduction in the decrease of evapotranspiration and precipitation in the tropical region occurs when compared with the deforestation case. Because of an increase in the net longwave flux at the surface, there is a reduction in the decrease of the surface net radiation flux when compared with the case of only deforestation. This leads to an increase in the surface temperature. Although the changes are higher at 5°S, the percentage of them when the increase in GHG concentrations is included together with deforestation relative to the case of only deforestation is higher at 5°N (higher than 50% for the surface temperature and higher than 90% for the foliage and air foliage temperatures) in both experiments 2 and 3.
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Boysen, Lena R., Victor Brovkin, Julia Pongratz, et al. "Global climate response to idealized deforestation in CMIP6 models." Biogeosciences 17, no. 22 (2020): 5615–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5615-2020.
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Abstract. Changes in forest cover have a strong effect on climate through the alteration of surface biogeophysical and biogeochemical properties that affect energy, water and carbon exchange with the atmosphere. To quantify biogeophysical and biogeochemical effects of deforestation in a consistent setup, nine Earth system models (ESMs) carried out an idealized experiment in the framework of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, phase 6 (CMIP6). Starting from their pre-industrial state, models linearly replace 20×106 km2 of forest area in densely forested regions with grasslands over a period of 50 years followed by a stabilization period of 30 years. Most of the deforested area is in the tropics, with a secondary peak in the boreal region. The effect on global annual near-surface temperature ranges from no significant change to a cooling by 0.55 ∘C, with a multi-model mean of -0.22±0.21 ∘C. Five models simulate a temperature increase over deforested land in the tropics and a cooling over deforested boreal land. In these models, the latitude at which the temperature response changes sign ranges from 11 to 43∘ N, with a multi-model mean of 23∘ N. A multi-ensemble analysis reveals that the detection of near-surface temperature changes even under such a strong deforestation scenario may take decades and thus longer than current policy horizons. The observed changes emerge first in the centre of deforestation in tropical regions and propagate edges, indicating the influence of non-local effects. The biogeochemical effect of deforestation are land carbon losses of 259±80 PgC that emerge already within the first decade. Based on the transient climate response to cumulative emissions (TCRE) this would yield a warming by 0.46 ± 0.22 ∘C, suggesting a net warming effect of deforestation. Lastly, this study introduces the “forest sensitivity” (as a measure of climate or carbon change per fraction or area of deforestation), which has the potential to provide lookup tables for deforestation–climate emulators in the absence of strong non-local climate feedbacks. While there is general agreement across models in their response to deforestation in terms of change in global temperatures and land carbon pools, the underlying changes in energy and carbon fluxes diverge substantially across models and geographical regions. Future analyses of the global deforestation experiments could further explore the effect on changes in seasonality of the climate response as well as large-scale circulation changes to advance our understanding and quantification of deforestation effects in the ESM frameworks.
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Davin, Edouard L., and Nathalie de Noblet-Ducoudré. "Climatic Impact of Global-Scale Deforestation: Radiative versus Nonradiative Processes." Journal of Climate 23, no. 1 (2010): 97–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2009jcli3102.1.
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Abstract A fully coupled land–ocean–atmosphere GCM is used to explore the biogeophysical impact of large-scale deforestation on surface climate. By analyzing the model sensitivity to global-scale replacement of forests by grassland, it is shown that the surface albedo increase owing to deforestation has a cooling effect of −1.36 K globally. On the other hand, forest removal decreases evapotranspiration efficiency and decreases surface roughness, both leading to a global surface warming of 0.24 and 0.29 K, respectively. The net biogeophysical impact of deforestation results from the competition between these effects. Globally, the albedo effect is dominant because of its wider-scale impact, and the net biogeophysical impact of deforestation is thus a cooling of −1 K. Over land, the balance between the different processes varies with latitude. In temperate and boreal zones of the Northern Hemisphere the albedo effect is stronger and deforestation thus induces a cooling. Conversely, in the tropics the net impact of deforestation is a warming, because evapotranspiration efficiency and surface roughness provide the dominant influence. The authors also explore the importance of the ocean coupling in shaping the climate response to deforestation. First, the temperature over ocean responds to the land cover perturbation. Second, even the temperature change over land is greatly affected by the ocean coupling. By assuming fixed oceanic conditions, the net effect of deforestation, averaged over all land areas, is a warming, whereas taking into account the coupling with the ocean leads, on the contrary, to a net land cooling. Furthermore, it is shown that the main parameter involved in the coupling with the ocean is surface albedo. Indeed, a change in albedo modifies temperature and humidity in the whole troposphere, thus enabling the initially land-confined perturbation to be transferred to the ocean. Finally, the radiative forcing framework is discussed in the context of land cover change impact on climate. The experiments herein illustrate that deforestation triggers two opposite types of forcing mechanisms—radiative forcing (owing to surface albedo change) and nonradiative forcing (owing to change in evapotranspiration efficiency and surface roughness)—that exhibit a similar magnitude globally. However, when applying the radiative forcing concept, nonradiative processes are ignored, which may lead to a misrepresentation of land cover change impact on climate.
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Susilowati, Ida, Mohamad Sholeh, Nur Rohim Yunus, and Dinah Alifia Ainaya. "The Role of the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) In Overcoming Deforestation In Central Kalimantan 2017-2020." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1323, no. 1 (2024): 012017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1323/1/012017.
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Abstract Climate change is a global environmental problem, one of the causes of which is deforestation. As the second largest province in Indonesia, with forest area reaching 50% of the total area, Central Kalimantan has a vital role in environmental problems and deforestation. Government policies that convert forests into non-forest areas increase the rate of deforestation and increase global emissions. Deforestation is a worldwide problem that requires joint attention in handling, especially for the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) as the international environmental regime. This research is a type of qualitative research that uses analytical descriptive methods to describe the phenomenon of deforestation in Central Kalimantan and UNEP’s role in overcoming it. Library study techniques are used to collect research data in documents, which are compiled, analyzed, and concluded. UNEP’s role in realizing SDG 13 is examined using an international regime approach through global diplomacy. The research results show that UNEP, as an international regime, plays a vital role in making global regulations regarding handling climate change from the deforestation sector through REDD+. In its implementation, UNEP assisted Indonesia in implementing REDD+ in Central Kalimantan and acted as a catalyst, facilitator, advocate, and educator on the issue of deforestation in Central Kalimantan in 2017-2020. This research is essential to show the urgency of the multi-stakeholder role in global diplomacy in dealing with climate change.
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Castro-Nunez, Augusto Carlos, Ma Eliza J. Villarino, Vincent Bax, Raphael Ganzenmüller, and Wendy Francesconi. "Broadening the Perspective of Zero-Deforestation Interventions in Peru by Incorporating Concepts from the Global Value Chain Literature." Sustainability 13, no. 21 (2021): 12138. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132112138.
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Global narratives around the links between deforestation and agricultural commodity production have led to the application of voluntary zero-deforestation agreements between companies, governments, and civil society. The continued tropical deforestation warrants a re-examination of this approach in order to customize its application for a particular location. Our paper contributes to this by exploring the spatial associations between deforestation and the production of cacao, coffee, and oil palm in the Amazon region in Peru. The geographical overlaps between deforestation, and the distribution of these commodity crops, indicate four types of spatial associations: (1) a high degree of deforestation and a high degree of commodity production (high-high); (2) a high degree of deforestation and a low degree of commodity production (high-low); (3) a low degree of deforestation and a high degree of commodity production (low-high); and (4) a low degree of deforestation and a low degree of commodity production (low-low). On the basis of these associations, we present four scenarios in which zero-deforestation supply chain interventions may operate in Peru and argue that broadening the perspective of such interventions by adopting a global value chain lens can improve the use of previously deforested lands, prevent unintended or future deforestation and, in turn, ensure that no forest area is left behind.
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James, Valentine Udoh, James Fairhead, Melissa Leach, et al. "Reframing Deforestation: Global Analyses and Local Realities." African Studies Review 43, no. 2 (2000): 142. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/524995.
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Larjavaara, M. "Democratic less-developed countries cause global deforestation." International Forestry Review 14, no. 3 (2012): 299–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1505/146554812802646666.
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Melillo, J. M., R. A. Houghton, D. W. Kicklighter, and A. D. McGuire. "TROPICAL DEFORESTATION AND THE GLOBAL CARBON BUDGET." Annual Review of Energy and the Environment 21, no. 1 (1996): 293–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.energy.21.1.293.
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Köthke, Margret, Bettina Leischner, and Peter Elsasser. "Uniform global deforestation patterns — An empirical analysis." Forest Policy and Economics 28 (March 2013): 23–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2013.01.001.
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Panwar, Rajat, Jonatan Pinkse, Benjamin Cashore, Bryan W. Husted, and Lian Pin Koh. "Deforestation, global value chains, and corporate sustainability." Business Strategy and the Environment 29, no. 8 (2020): 3720–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bse.2639.
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Arts, Bas, Verina Ingram, and Maria Brockhaus. "The Performance of REDD+: From Global Governance to Local Practices." Forests 10, no. 10 (2019): 837. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10100837.
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Whilst ‘REDD’ is the acronym for reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation, ‘REDD+’ refers to efforts to reduce emissions from deforestation and forest degradation, foster conservation, promote the sustainable management of forests, and enhance forest carbon stocks [...]
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McCallum, Ian, Jon Walker, Steffen Fritz, et al. "Crowd-Driven Deep Learning Tracks Amazon Deforestation." Remote Sensing 15, no. 21 (2023): 5204. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15215204.
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The Amazon forests act as a global reserve for carbon, have very high biodiversity, and provide a variety of additional ecosystem services. These forests are, however, under increasing pressure, coming mainly from deforestation, despite the fact that accurate satellite monitoring is in place that produces annual deforestation maps and timely alerts. Here, we present a proof of concept for rapid deforestation monitoring that engages the global community directly in the monitoring process via crowdsourcing while subsequently leveraging the power of deep learning. Offering no tangible incentives, we were able to sustain participation from more than 5500 active contributors from 96 different nations over a 6-month period, resulting in the crowd classification of 43,108 satellite images (representing around 390,000 km2). Training a suite of AI models with results from the crowd, we achieved an accuracy greater than 90% in detecting new and existing deforestation. These findings demonstrate the potential of a crowd–AI approach to rapidly detect and validate deforestation events. Our method directly engages a large, enthusiastic, and increasingly digital global community who wish to participate in the stewardship of the global environment. Coupled with existing monitoring systems, this approach could offer an additional means of verification, increasing confidence in global deforestation monitoring.
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Ramzan, Rabia, and Rayees Afzal Mir. "Policy Interventions for Climate Change: Assessing Global Strategies to Reduce Carbon Footprint." Journal of Global Ecology and Environment 21, no. 3 (2025): 71–82. https://doi.org/10.56557/jogee/2025/v21i39364.
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Climate change is still a critical issue in the world, and some trends should be combat with international efforts in the regions and some sectors. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the efficiency of policy measures in fostering energy efficiency (EE) and reducing deforestation from 2000 to 2020 for Europe, California, Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, and others. The work focuses on assessing savings from EE and demand, and reductions in deforestation. The changes on EE on facilities were as percent changes while on the other hand deforestation was compared on the number of hectares of forest covers. These two areas with policy interference captured here as European union and California depicted sharp improvements in EE and had reduced the figure of energy consumption per GDP by 28 and 29 respectively. Where an implementation of a control on deforestation was done in Brazil, deforestation was reduced by 37.5%. China and India had no policy change, and they witnessed a magnitude of 10% increase in the efficiency of energy use and 5% increase in deforestation. It was observed that proactive policy areas recorded substantial positive changes while the lack of such measures incurred small gains. The study indicates the need to integrate climate policies to achieve climate sensitive development.
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Busch, Jonah, Oyut Amarjargal, Farzad Taheripour, et al. "Effects of demand-side restrictions on high-deforestation palm oil in Europe on deforestation and emissions in Indonesia." Environmental Research Letters 17, no. 1 (2022): 014035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac435e.
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Abstract Demand-side restrictions on high-deforestation commodities are expanding as a climate policy, but their impact on reducing tropical deforestation and emissions has yet to be quantified. Here we model the effects of demand-side restrictions on high-deforestation palm oil in Europe on deforestation and emissions in Indonesia. We do so by integrating a model of global trade with a spatially explicit model of land-use change in Indonesia. We estimate a European ban on high-deforestation palm oil from 2000 to 2015 would have led to a 8.9% global price premium on low-deforestation palm oil, resulting in 21 374 ha yr−1 (1.60%) less deforestation and 21.1 million tCO2 yr−1 (1.91%) less emissions from deforestation in Indonesia relative to what occurred. A hypothetical Indonesia-wide carbon price would have achieved equivalent emission reductions at $0.81/tCO2. Impacts of a ban are small because: 52% of Europe’s imports of high-deforestation palm oil would have shifted to non-participating countries; the price elasticity of supply of high-deforestation oil palm cropland is small (0.13); and conversion to oil palm was responsible for only 32% of deforestation in Indonesia. If demand-side restrictions succeed in substantially reducing deforestation, it is likely to be through non-price pathways.
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Matza, Helaina. "Battling Deforestation in Brazil: Implementing a REDD Framework to Combat Global Climate Change." Policy Perspectives 20 (May 14, 2013): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4079/pp.v20i0.11783.
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Much international attention has focused on how deforestation has contributed to overall carbon dioxide output, thereby exacerbating global climate change. This paper will focus specifically on Brazil’s current efforts to combat deforestation and the suggested modifications to the design and future implementation of programs based on the United Nations’ Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD) framework in Brazil.
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Hasan, Rakibul, Syeda Farjana Farabi, Md Kamruzzaman, Md Khokan BHUYAN, Sadia Islam Nilima, and Atia Shahana. "AI-Driven Strategies for Reducing Deforestation." American Journal of Engineering and Technology 6, no. 6 (2024): 6–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajet/volume06issue06-02.
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Recent advancements in data science, coupled with the revolution in digital and satellite technology, have catalyzed the potential for artificial intelligence (AI) applications in forestry and wildlife sectors. Recognizing the critical importance of addressing land degradation and promoting regeneration for climate regulation, ecosystem services, and population well-being, there is a pressing need for effective land use planning and interventions. Traditional regression approaches often fail to capture underlying drivers' complexity and nonlinearity. In response, this research investigates the efficacy of AI in monitoring, predicting, and managing deforestation and forest degradation compared to conventional methods, with a goal to bolster global forest conservation endeavors. Employing a fusion of satellite imagery analysis and machine learning algorithms, such as convolutional neural networks and predictive modelling, the study focuses on key forest regions, including the Amazon Basin, Central Africa, and Southeast Asia. Through the utilization of these AI-driven strategies, critical deforestation hotspots have been successfully identified with an accuracy surpassing 85%, markedly higher than traditional methods. This breakthrough underscores the transformative potential of AI in enhancing the precision and efficiency of forest conservation measures, offering a formidable tool for combating deforestation and degradation on a global scale.
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Longobardi, P., A. Montenegro, H. Beltrami, and M. Eby. "Spatial scale dependency of the modelled climatic response to deforestation." Biogeosciences Discussions 9, no. 10 (2012): 14639–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-9-14639-2012.
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Abstract. Deforestation is associated with increased atmospheric CO2 and alterations to the surface energy and mass balances that can lead to local and global climate changes. Previous modelling studies show that the global surface air temperature (SAT) response to deforestation depends on latitude, with most simulations showing that high latitude deforestation results in cooling, low latitude deforestation causes warming and that the mid latitude response is mixed. These earlier conclusions are based on simulated large scale land cover change, with complete removal of trees from whole latitude bands. Using a global climate model we determine effects of removing fractions of 5% to 100% of forested areas in the high, mid and low latitudes. All high latitude deforestation scenarios reduce mean global SAT, the opposite occurring for low latitude deforestation, although a decrease in SAT is registered over low latitude deforested areas. Mid latitude SAT response is mixed. For all simulations deforested areas tend to become drier and have lower surface air temperature, although soil temperatures increase over deforested mid and low latitude grid cells. For high latitude deforestation fractions of 45% and above, larger net primary productivity, in conjunction with colder and drier conditions after deforestation, cause an increase in soil carbon large enough to generate a previously not reported net drawdown of CO2 from the atmosphere. Our results support previous indications of the importance of changes in cloud cover in the modelled temperature response to deforestation at low latitudes. They also show the complex interaction between soil carbon dynamics and climate and the role this plays on the climatic response to land cover change.
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Leckie, Donald G., Dennis Paradine, Werner A. Kurz, and Steen Magnussen. "Deforestation mapping sampling designs for Canadian landscapes." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 45, no. 11 (2015): 1564–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2014-0541.
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Deforestation is the direct human-induced conversion of forest to nonforest land uses. It is important for nations to understand and report the extent of their deforestation. Because of the vastness of Canada’s forest and the rare and spatially diverse nature of its deforestation, a sampling approach in which deforestation is mapped and then scaled up to represent deforestation for different regions was needed. The effectiveness of different sample designs in capturing the area of deforestation was evaluated using a Monte Carlo approach in which alternate sample designs were applied to simulated forest landscapes representative of different regions and deforestation patterns in Canada. Sampling error as expressed by the standard error in the estimated deforestation level for the sample divided by actual deforestation of the simulated landscape was used as a measure of sample design performance. Results indicated that sampling error was dependent on the characteristics of the deforestation (e.g., amount, shape, size, and distribution). For example, as mean event size increases or the proportion of linear deforestation events (e.g., roads and corridors) decreases, the required sampling intensity to reach a certain level of sampling error increases, and landscapes with a small number of very large events required the largest sampling intensity. To achieve a relative sampling error target (standard error / sample mean) of 10%, given sample designs of square plots on a systematic grid, a sample of 15%–25% of a landscape will be required for most Canadian landscapes, given a 10-year mapping time frame (interval between samples) and assuming a deforestation rate of 0.025% per annum. With mapping over a 5-year period, the required sampling intensity rises to 20%–40%. Also discussed are the consequences of the sampling error of different designs on the uncertainty in estimated greenhouse gas emission resulting from deforestation.
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Cook, Allison G., Anthony C. Janetos, and W. Ted Hinds. "Global Effects of Tropical Deforestation: Towards an Integrated Perspective." Environmental Conservation 17, no. 3 (1990): 201–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892900032343.
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Deforestation of the tropical moist forests is taking place at an alarming pace; some experts believe that the entire ecobiome will be virtually destroyed within the next ten years. Although the ultimate ecological effects of tropical deforestation remain controversial, our present scientific understanding is adequate to justify efforts to slow the deforestation trend. The impacts that this trend will probably have on global climate remain unclear, while the effects that it will have on biodiversity will clearly be disastrous. This suggests that the research community should place a high priority on applying data on refugia (documented sites of high endemism and species-richness) to conservation planning, and on investigating the probable combined effects of climatic change and habitat fragmentation on world biodiversity.
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O'Brien, Karen L. "Tropical deforestation and climate change." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 20, no. 3 (1996): 311–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030913339602000304.
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This article reviews the physical links between tropical rain forests and the atmos phere, and considers the results of studies which address the climatic impacts of deforestation. Tropical deforestation is widely believed to influence local, regional and possibly global cli mates. Although the relationship between deforestation and climate change is complex, there is a growing consensus that deforestation leads to warmer, drier climates. The consensus is based on experimental studies at the microscale and modelling studies at the global scale, sup plemented by a small number of observational studies at the local and regional scale. However, none of the local and regional studies examine both deforestation and climate change in a rigorous manner, or consider the results in the context of synoptic-scale phenomena. Conse quently, there is considerable uncertainty associated with the local and regional impacts of deforestation on the climate.
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Khezri, Mohsen. "Impact of Various Land Cover Transformations on Climate Change: Insights from a Spatial Panel Analysis." Data 10, no. 2 (2025): 19. https://doi.org/10.3390/data10020019.
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This study introduces an innovative empirical methodology by integrating spatial panel models with satellite imagery data from 1970 to 2019. This innovative approach illuminates the effects of greenhouse gas emissions, deforestation, and various global variables on regional temperature shifts and the environmental repercussions of land-use alterations, establishing a substantial empirical basis for climate change. The results revealed that global variables such as sunspot activity, the length of day (LOD), and the Global Mean Sea Level (GMSL) have negligible impacts on global temperature variations. This model uncovers the nuanced effect of deforestation on global temperatures, highlighting a decrease in temperature following deforestation above 40°N latitude, contrary to the warming effect observed in lower latitudes. Exceptionally, deforestation within the 10° N to 10° S tropical bands results in a temperature decrease, challenging the established theories. The results suggest that converting forests to grass/shrublands and croplands plays a significant role in these temperature dynamics.
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Hasler, Natalia, David Werth, and Roni Avissar. "Effects of Tropical Deforestation on Global Hydroclimate: A Multimodel Ensemble Analysis." Journal of Climate 22, no. 5 (2009): 1124–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2008jcli2157.1.
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Abstract Two multimodel ensembles (MME) were produced with the GISS Model II (GM II), the GISS Atmosphere Model (AM), and the NCAR Community Climate System Model (CCSM) to evaluate the effects of tropical deforestation on the global hydroclimate. Each MME used the same 48-yr period but the two were differentiated by their land-cover types. In the “control” case, current vegetation was used, and in the “deforested” case, all tropical rain forests were converted to a mixture of shrubs and grassland. Globally, the control simulations produced with the three GCMs compared well to observations, both in the time mean and in the temporal variability, although various biases exist in the different tropical rain forests. The local precipitation response to deforestation is very strong. The remote effect in the tropics (away from the deforested tropical areas) is strong as well, but the effects at midlatitudes are weaker. In the MME, the impacts tend to be attenuated relative to the individual models. The significance of the geopotential and precipitation responses was evaluated with a bootstrap method, and results varied during the year. Tropical deforestation also produced anomalous fluxes in potential energy that were a direct response to the deforestation. These different analyses confirmed the existence of a teleconnection mechanism due to deforestation.
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Davis, Kyle Frankel, Marc F. Müller, Maria Cristina Rulli, et al. "Transnational agricultural land acquisitions threaten biodiversity in the Global South." Environmental Research Letters 18, no. 2 (2023): 024014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/acb2de.
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Abstract Agricultural large-scale land acquisitions have been linked with enhanced deforestation and land use change. Yet the extent to which transnational agricultural large-scale land acquisitions (TALSLAs) contribute to—or merely correlate with—deforestation, and the expected biodiversity impacts of the intended land use changes across ecosystems, remains unclear. We examine 178 georeferenced TALSLA locations in 40 countries to address this gap. While forest cover within TALSLAs decreased by 17% between 2000 and 2018 and became more fragmented, the spatio-temporal patterns of deforestation varied substantially across regions. While deforestation rates within initially forested TALSLAs were 1.5 (Asia) to 2 times (Africa) higher than immediately surrounding areas, we detected no such difference in Europe and Latin America. Our findings suggest that, whereas TALSLAs may have accelerated forest loss in Asia, a different mechanism might emerge in Africa where TALSLAs target areas already experiencing elevated deforestation. Regarding biodiversity (here focused on vertebrate species), we find that nearly all (91%) studied deals will likely experience substantial losses in relative species richness (−14.1% on average within each deal)—with mixed outcomes for relative abundance—due to the intended land use transitions. We also find that 39% of TALSLAs fall at least partially within biodiversity hotspots, placing these areas at heightened risk of biodiversity loss. Taken together, these findings suggest distinct regional differences in the nature of the association between TALSLAs and forest loss and provide new evidence of TALSLAs as an emerging threat to biodiversity in the Global South.
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B, Sabaruddin, Andy Kurniawan, and Nurhikmah Nurhikmah. "Deteksi Laju Deforestasi Pulau-Pulau Kecil Menggunakan Aplikasi Global Forest Change Studi Kasus: Kota Ternate Provinsi Maluku Utara." Jurnal Eboni 5, no. 1 (2023): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.46918/eboni.v5i1.1696.
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The rate of deforestation is a decrease or condition of losing the area of a forest area. This is caused by the activity of converting the status of forest areas into settlements, agriculture, plantations, etc. where these activities focus on improving the standard of living of the community. This study aims to detect the rate of deforestation on small islands in North Maluku, especially Ternate Island by using the Global Forest Change application. The research method uses a spatial approach to spatial analysis. This study shows that the rate of deforestation in the city of Ternate from 2001 to 2021 indicates that over a period of ± 20 years there has been deforestation in the forest area of the city of Ternate. The area of the area is HPK, HL, HPHD and IUPHKM. The largest area of deforestation occurred in 2005 with an area of 8.9 ha, while the lowest occurred in 2021, namely 0.107 ha. Total total deforestation from 2001 – 2021 which is 94.65 Ha. 
 Keywords : Deforestation, Small islands, Spatial Analysis, Ternate, North Maluku
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ROSE, STEVEN K., and BRENT SOHNGEN. "Global forest carbon sequestration and climate policy design." Environment and Development Economics 16, no. 4 (2011): 429–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355770x11000027.
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ABSTRACTGlobal forests could play an important role in mitigating climate change. However, there are significant implementation obstacles to accessing the world's forest carbon sequestration potential. The timing of regional participation and eligibility of sequestration activities are issues. The existing forest carbon supply estimates have made optimistic assumptions about immediate, comprehensive, and global access. They have also assumed no interactions between activities and regions, and over time. We use a global forest and land use model to evaluate these assumptions with more realistic forest carbon policy pathways. We find that an afforestation only policy is fundamentally flawed, accelerated deforestation may be unavoidable, and a delayed comprehensive program could reduce, but not eliminate, near-term accelerated deforestation and eventually produce sequestration equivalent to idealized policies – but with a different sequestration mix than previously estimated by others and thereby different forests. We also find that afforestation and avoided deforestation increase the cost of one another.
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Tabor, Karyn, Jennifer Hewson, Hsin Tien, Mariano González-Roglich, David Hole, and John Williams. "Tropical Protected Areas Under Increasing Threats from Climate Change and Deforestation." Land 7, no. 3 (2018): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land7030090.
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Identifying protected areas most susceptible to climate change and deforestation represents critical information for determining conservation investments. Development of effective landscape interventions is required to ensure the preservation and protection of these areas essential to ecosystem service provision, provide high biodiversity value, and serve a critical habitat connectivity role. We identified vulnerable protected areas in the humid tropical forest biome using climate metrics for 2050 and future deforestation risk for 2024 modeled from historical deforestation and global drivers of deforestation. Results show distinct continental and regional patterns of combined threats to protected areas. Eleven Mha (2%) of global humid tropical protected area was exposed to the highest combined threats and should be prioritized for investments in landscape interventions focused on adaptation to climate stressors. Global tropical protected area exposed to the lowest deforestation risk but highest climate risks totaled 135 Mha (26%). Thirty-five percent of South America’s protected area fell into this risk category and should be prioritized for increasing protected area size and connectivity to facilitate species movement. Global humid tropical protected area exposed to a combination of the lowest deforestation and lowest climate risks totaled 89 Mha (17%), and were disproportionately located in Africa (34%) and Asia (17%), indicating opportunities for low-risk conservation investments for improved connectivity to these potential climate refugia. This type of biome-scale, protected area analysis, combining both climate change and deforestation threats, is critical to informing policies and landscape interventions to maximize investments for environmental conservation and increase ecosystem resilience to climate change.
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Binsaeed, Rima H., Abdelmohsen A. Nassani, Khalid Zaman, et al. "Assessing Forest Conservation Strategies for Biodiversity Restoration and Sustainable Development: A Comparative Analysis of Global Income Groups." Problemy Ekorozwoju 19, no. 1 (2024): 122–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.35784/preko.5753.
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The escalating rate of deforestation presents significant challenges to the global economy, including the loss of habitats for endangered species and a decline in biocapacity reserves. This situation also raises concerns about overcrowding and excessive production, which can undermine conservation efforts. Addressing this issue, Sustainable Development Goal 15 of the United Nations emphasizes managing forest resources, preventing habitat loss, combatting desertification, and expanding biodiversity reserves. Its contributions have played a pivotal role in wildlife conservation, mitigating rural-urban migration and preserving land resources. Given the relevance of this problem, this study examines the consequences of ongoing tropical deforestation on the loss of endangered species habitats while controlling for biocapacity reserves, urbanization, economic growth, and industrialization across a large sample of 159 nations, further categorized into low-, middle-, and high-income countries. The findings from cross-sectional and quantile regression analyses reveal that higher deforestation rates, increased rural-urban migration, and greater industrialization threaten endangered species habitats. Conversely, increased biocapacity reserves and economic growth contribute to wildlife restoration. Granger causality estimations highlight unidirectional relationships between deforestation and biodiversity loss (as well as biocapacity reserves), while deforestation and industrialization exhibit bidirectional causality. The results further indicate that sustained economic growth leads to deforestation, biocapacity reserves, and urbanization, while urbanization contributes to deforestation. This underscores the role of deforestation as the primary driver of habitat loss for endangered species and the depletion of biocapacity, thereby fostering mass production. Urbanization and economic growth are shown to be causally linked to deforestation across countries. The study underscores the urgent need to safeguard forest reserves against large-scale land conversion for infrastructure development, industrialization, and settlement of overpopulated urban areas, as these factors contribute to habitat degradation and biodiversity loss. Conserving, restoring, and promoting sustainable utilization of ecosystems are essential measures to address natural uncertainties and advance Sustainable development goals.
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Mas, J. F., and H. Puig. "Modalités de la déforestation dans le sud-ouest de l'État du Campeche, Mexique." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 31, no. 7 (2001): 1280–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x01-055.
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The analysis of satellite images shows an important reduction of forest cover in the Lagoon of Términos region in the State of Campeche (southeastern Mexico) over the last decades. Deforestation rates reached 2.2 and 5.3%, respectively, on a yearly basis during 19741986 and 19861991. The deforestation process was modelled using a geographic information system. The model allows to determine how elements such as roads or human settlements proximity, land tenure, shape of the forest patches, slope, soil type, and human population attributes have an impact on the deforestation process. Deforestation was more severe in opened, nonflooded areas, with fertile soil, near roads and human settlements. Human population attributes showed little influence on deforestation rates, probably because pasture lands encroachment was recognized as the main cause of forest clearing. However, the model does not highlight the root causes of this phenomena, such as government policy on settlement and subsidies for cattle ranching. Despite this limitation, it allows to generate deforestation risk assessment maps that correctly identify the forest areas most susceptible to deforestation.
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Cramer, Wolfgang, Alberte Bondeau, Sibyll Schaphoff, Wolfgang Lucht, Benjamin Smith, and Stephen Sitch. "Tropical forests and the global carbon cycle: impacts of atmospheric carbon dioxide, climate change and rate of deforestation." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 359, no. 1443 (2004): 331–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2003.1428.
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The remaining carbon stocks in wet tropical forests are currently at risk because of anthropogenic deforestation, but also because of the possibility of release driven by climate change. To identify the relative roles of CO 2 increase, changing temperature and rainfall, and deforestation in the future, and the magnitude of their impact on atmospheric CO 2 concentrations, we have applied a dynamic global vegetation model, using multiple scenarios of tropical deforestation (extrapolated from two estimates of current rates) and multiple scenarios of changing climate (derived from four independent offline general circulation model simulations). Results show that deforestation will probably produce large losses of carbon, despite the uncertainty about the deforestation rates. Some climate models produce additional large fluxes due to increased drought stress caused by rising temperature and decreasing rainfall. One climate model, however, produces an additional carbon sink. Taken together, our estimates of additional carbon emissions during the twenty–first century, for all climate and deforestation scenarios, range from 101 to 367 Gt C, resulting in CO 2 concentration increases above background values between 29 and 129 p.p.m. An evaluation of the method indicates that better estimates of tropical carbon sources and sinks require improved assessments of current and future deforestation, and more consistent precipitation scenarios from climate models. Notwithstanding the uncertainties, continued tropical deforestation will most certainly play a very large role in the build–up of future greenhouse gas concentrations.
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Moreira-Dantas, Ianna Raissa, and Mareike Söder. "Global deforestation revisited: The role of weak institutions." Land Use Policy 122 (November 2022): 106383. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2022.106383.
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Geist, H. J. "Global assessment of deforestation related to tobacco farming." Tobacco Control 8, no. 1 (1999): 18–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tc.8.1.18.
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