Academic literature on the topic 'Global Financial Reporting Standards'
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Journal articles on the topic "Global Financial Reporting Standards"
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Damant, David. "Harmonising world reporting: global financial reporting standards come closer." Balance Sheet 8, no. 4 (2000): 37–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09657960010373446.
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Ismailov, Shapakhat Sodikovich. "UNDERSTANDING THE PILLARS OF THE GLOBAL STANDARD OF ACCOUNTING." Journal of Universal Science Research 2, no. 4 (2024): 57–62. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10934493.
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This article explores the pillars of the global standard of accounting, emphasizing their significance, evolution, and key components. It discusses the importance of a unified standard in facilitating international trade and investment, the historical context of accounting standards convergence, and the role of organizations like the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) in developing International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). Additionally, it highlights challenges and future directions in achieving uniformity across jurisdictions.
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Stanković, Predrag, and Dragomir Dimitrijević. "International financial reporting standards as the basis of financial reporting for listed companies." Anali Ekonomskog fakulteta u Subotici, no. 00 (2025): 55. https://doi.org/10.5937/aneksub2500005s.
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Purpose: The research explores the specificities and differences in the application of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) as the basis for financial reporting by listed companies worldwide. The primary issue addressed is the inconsistency in IFRS application across countries, despite its global significance for the transparency and comparability of financial statements. Methodology: Methodologically, the research relies on the analysis of 168 jurisdictions whose profiles are available on the IFRS Foundation's website. Data on the extent of IFRS application in domestic and foreign listed companies were analysed, including whether the adoption of the standards is mandatory or optional. Findings: The results indicate the dominance of jurisdictions where IFRS application is mandatory for listed companies, while specificities in the permissibility and scope of application are observed in other cases. Originality/value: This study identifies the reasons behind the differences in the level of IFRS implementation across various jurisdictions, with a focus on listed companies, and provide insights into the future directions of IFRS implementation. Practical implications: These findings are relevant for analysts, investors, and regulators in assessing the effects of global harmonisation of financial reporting. Limitations: Although the analysis was conducted on all jurisdictions whose profiles are presented on the IFRS Foundation's website, which do not represent all jurisdictions in the world, the study did not consider changes in the scope and various variations of IFRS application in these jurisdictions over time.
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Yallapragada, RamMohan R. "Incorporating International Financial Reporting Standards Into The United States Financial Reporting System: Timeline And Implications." International Business & Economics Research Journal (IBER) 11, no. 3 (2012): 283. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/iber.v11i3.6860.
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In the United States of America (US), all the accounting procedures and guidelines for measurement and reporting by business firms are governed by a body of principles and concepts known as Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP). These GAAP are presently issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) with the authority delegated by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Historically, each country developed its own GAAP and there was no uniformity among the GAAPs of different countries. Comparison of financial statements issued by business firms from different countries has become impossible leading toward suboptimal capital allocation across countries in the world. Gradually, with the advent of multinational corporations, there emerged a global demand for convergence of GAAP of different countries into a single set uniform accounting standards applicable to all countries. Initiative for uniform global accounting standards came from International Accounting Standards Committee (IASC) which was established in 1973. The IASC formed International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) in 2001 which began issuing International Financial Accounting Standards (IFRS). Till now about 100 countries have adopted IFRS for their financial reporting purposes. The SEC has yielded to the global pressure to adopt IFRS in the US. SEC has set a timeline for US business firms to change over from US GAAP to IFRS. This paper presents the background and development of the movement of IFRS, timeline for the change in US and the implications involved in the adoption of IFRS in the US.
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Zhang, Mingke. "Chinese Accounting Standards Convergence with International Financial Reporting Standards." Advances in Economics, Management and Political Sciences 114, no. 1 (2024): 162–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2754-1169/114/2024bj0182.
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As the global economy becomes more integrated, Chinese Accounting Standards (CAS) are gradually moving towards convergence with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). So far, CAS and IFRS do still have a number of variations including content, format and setup mechanisms. This paper analyzes three main differences in the content between CAS and IFRS regarding the financial instrument, biological asset, and lease measurement. These differences may cause problems for international practitioners and investors. In addition, the paper discusses the influences of the global convergence of CAS and the challenges faced by the technology industry, listed companies, and government. It is recommended that China need to consider the domestic economic situation and policies when adopting IFRS, and properly adjust the content of the standard accordingly, so as to better meet the domestic needs and development prospects. And industries should balance convergence and market challenges and work together to shape a practical and comprehensive China accounting system to enable China to develop globally further.
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Jadranka, Mrsik, and Kostovski Ninko. "Does the Adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards Provide Commensurate Benefits to Prospective European Union Countries?" AICEI Proceedings 9, no. 1 (2014): 317–31. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4553272.
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The common set of reporting standards allows for a unified business language when reporting on the financial status of businesses. Standards help to raise the quality of information and the comparability of financial statements. The understanding of financial statements is particularly important for the economies of prospective European Union countries, especially the smaller ones, because their growth is so dependent on the free movement of capital and extensive foreign direct investments. Researchers stress that even though the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) are adopted by most of the developing countries, their business characteristics could limit their ability to accomplish expected benefits. Formal adoption does not necessarily lead towards unimpeded implementation. This chapter presents the perceptions of Macedonian managers about IFRS acceptance. First, we survey, a representative sample of Chief Financial Officers from companies listed on the Macedonian stock exchange, and executives and analysts in investment and pension funds. Next, we compare the findings with the results of the similar survey presented in the Association of Chartered Certified Accountants Reports 2011, on the attitudes of their counterparts in America, Europe, the Middle East and Asia. Finally, we offer recommendations on the further implementation of standards in the prospective European Union countries, which in turn will help their inclusion into the overall economic, social and cultural trends of the Union.
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Krishna, Kumar. "IFRS- Challenging and Opportunities in Global Accounting." ACCST RESEARCH JOURNAL XX, no. 3, July 2022 (2022): 5–12. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7788936.
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<em> In the present era of globalization and liberalization the world has become an economic village. A number of multinational companies are establishing their business in emerging economies and are increasingly accessing the global markets to fulfill their capital needs by getting their securities listed on the stock exchanges outside their own country. Such environment requires uniform accounting standards for global business. To deal with such issues, one global accounting standard for reporting financial statement i.e. IFRS was developed. During the switch over phase from local GAAP to IFRS companies will have to modify their accounting system and processes as well as provide comparative financial information between their previous GAAP and their new IFRS compliant report. The main aim of IFRS standards are bring Transparency, Accountability and Efficiency to financial report around the world. This article examines the IFRS challenges & opportunities in Global Accounting.</em>
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Holovina, Daria, Olga Karpenko, and Iryna Plikus. "INTERNATIONAL CONVERGENCE OF FINANCIAL REPORTING." 63, no. 63 (July 10, 2022): 83–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.26565/2524-2547-2022-63-08.
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The purpose of this article is to study the state of global convergence of financial reporting standards at the present stage, as well as to consider the key points of the process of unification of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) and Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP). To achieve this goal, the article considers the concepts of convergence, harmonization and standardization, presents an analysis of the intensity of use of these concepts, which are associated with the dynamic development of recent global accounting transformations and major trends in international convergence of financial reporting. The key stages of the process of unification of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) and Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) are considered. For decades, the European Union, the International Organization of Securities Commissions (IOSCO) and the Committee on International Accounting Standards have supported international efforts to harmonize US GAAP and IFRS. accounting and reporting standards used in different countries. We have determined that while both IFRS and GAAP aim to provide transparency, informational content and usability in financial statements, these standards use different approaches to achieve this. We indicated that at present IFRS is the dominant accounting and reporting system, in fact, only third world countries do not apply it. We have proven that in the process of achieving convergence, a single set of understandable and feasible international accounting standards must be developed, requiring high quality, transparent and comparable information in financial statements in order to ensure convergence of IFRS and GAAP. We analyzed the intensity of the use of the concepts of IFRS and GAAP, which are associated precisely with the convergence of these accounting systems using the Google Ngram Viewer (GNV) tool. We have proved that the Convergence of IFRS and GAAP also applies to Ukraine, since the convergence is bilateral, any change in IFRS will ultimately affect the Ukrainian accounting and reporting system.
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Zayernyuk, Viktor M., Zinaida M. Nazarova, Elena I. Sedova, Evgeny V. Oskirko, and Ivan S. Nurekenov. "CONVERGENCE OF NATIONAL ACCOUNTING STANDARDS WITH INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL REPORTING STANDARDS: CHINA’S EXPERIENCE." EKONOMIKA I UPRAVLENIE: PROBLEMY, RESHENIYA 12/16, no. 153 (2024): 136–43. https://doi.org/10.36871/ek.up.p.r.2024.12.16.016.
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Since its inception in 1973, the former International Accounting Standards Committee (IASC) has worked to harmonize global accounting standards by developing standards that could serve as a model on which national standard-setters could base their own standards. In 2001, the IASC was replaced by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB). Its mission was to converge global accounting standards – to develop a single set of high-quality, understandable and enforceable global accounting standards that require high-quality, transparent and comparable information in financial statements and other financial statements to help global capital market participants and other users make economic decisions. This article discusses the stages of convergence of China’s national accounting standards with International Financial Reporting Standards.
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Abdalova, E. B., and S. N. Karelskaia. "Global Tends in the Corporate Reporting Development." Accounting. Analysis. Auditing 9, no. 1 (2022): 19–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.26794/2408-9303-2022-9-1-19-30.
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The paper covers the disclosure of information on company’s climate risks in corporate reporting, which is the urgent agenda. It was found that 16 of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) provide the opportunity for disclosing of such climate risks. However, they contain significant restrictions regarding the presentation of forecasting information. The analysis revealed the current stages of corporate reporting development under the influence of the relevant disclosure of climate risks by companies. The research data source includes the publications and statements available on the official website of the IFRS Foundation**. The research results can be useful for professional international organisations and Russian state bodies engaged in the development of financial and non-financial reporting standards, concerned users, as well as economic entities that prepare corporate reporting.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Global Financial Reporting Standards"
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Long, Margaret J. "E-Business Reporting: Towards a Global Standard for Financial Reporting Systems Using XBRL." NSUWorks, 2013. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/gscis_etd/221.
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Reporting systems can provide transparency into financial markets necessary for a sustainable, prosperous global economy. The most widely used global platform for exchanging electronic information about companies to regulatory bodies is XBRL. Standards for this platform are in the process of becoming legally harmonized, but not all countries are mandating e-business reporting. A harmonized global standard for business reporting aligns practices between countries, while recognizing the need for flexibility within each social system and government, whereas international law would establish one standard for all. The research shows that goal of creating transparent global financial information in aggregate searchable form for the public remains elusive under the harmonized approach.
The research explores the standardization process at the country level using a grounded theory approach in the G20 countries. The problem of a not having a global standard is framed in the financial reporting dimensions of Law, Accounting Standards, Information Standards, and Assurance Standards, which are existing standards integral to creating high quality transparent financial information. The dimensions exist to some extent in each country, and are in process of being harmonized. The research shows that current legal mandates for the XBRL standard impact the number of firms filing in XBRL to regulators. However, problems with data quality and data assurance have not been addressed with the current legislative initiatives. There is supply of data, but no public demand due to quality issues. There are three levels in the process where data alignment is needed for interoperability: taxonomy use must be consistent, taxonomy structure must be the same, and agreed upon minimum content must be useful for analysis. Currently, data sets between countries are not interoperable or comparable for aggregation due to local adoptions of XBRL taxonomies. Legal mandates alone have not produced quality electronic financial information. Additionally, accounting and assurance standards are not completely aligned. The contributions of this paper provide an understanding of how global standards are being harmonized in the G20 countries based on the common value of financial information transparency in e-business reporting.
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Riccardi, William III. "An Empirical Analysis of the Global Audit Market: International Financial Reporting Standards-Related Changes and Differences within the Big 4 Global Networks." FIU Digital Commons, 2014. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1440.
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Ongoing debates within the professional and academic communities have raised a number of questions specific to the international audit market. This dissertation consists of three related essays that address such issues. First, I examine whether the propensity to switch between auditors of different sizes (i.e., Big 4 versus non-Big 4) changes as adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) becomes a more common phenomenon, arguing that smaller auditors have an opportunity to invest in necessary skills and training needed to enter this market. Findings suggest that clients are relatively less (more) likely to switch to (away from) a Big 4 auditor if the client’s adoption of IFRS occurs in more recent years.
In the second essay, I draw on these inferences and test whether the change in audit fees in the year of IFRS adoption changes over time. As the market becomes less concentrated, larger auditors becomes less able to demand a premium for their services. Consistent with my arguments, results suggest that the change in audit service fees declines over time, although this effect seems concentrated among the Big 4. I also find that this effect is partially attributable to a differential effect of the auditors’ experience in pricing audit services related to IFRS based on the period in which adoption occurs. The results of these two essays offer important implications to policy debates on the costs and benefits of IFRS adoption.
In the third essay, I differentiate Big 4 auditors into three classifications—Parent firms, Brand Name affiliates, and Local affiliates—and test for differences in audit fee premiums (relative to non-Big 4 auditors) and audit quality. Results suggest that there is significant heterogeneity between the three classifications based on both of these characteristics, which is an important consideration for future research. Overall, this dissertation provides additional insights into a variety of aspects of the global audit market.
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Khaghaany, Maithm Malik Radhi. "Reclassification of Financial Instruments in Publicly Listed IFRS Banks: A Cross-Country Study of Determinants, Level of Compliance, and Value Relevance." Thesis, Griffith University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367251.
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At the height of the global financial crisis in October 2008, and as a result of the extreme political pressure put on the IASB by European leaders and finance ministers, the IASB issued amendments to IAS 39 and IFRS 7. These amendments permit firms to suspend fair value accounting by reclassifying non-derivative financial instruments (held-for-trading assets and available-for-sale assets) in certain circumstances. These amendments have potential effects on the financial position and earnings as a result of reclassification adjustments of financial instruments.
Consistent with the ongoing debate and the significant regulatory reforms already implemented by IASB in the development of accounting standards for financial instruments over the previous 20 years, and motivated by the lack of research in this area, this study has three objectives. First, it empirically investigates the extent and the determinants of applying the reclassification choice for non-derivative financial instruments by publicly listed IFRS banks. Second, it explores the level and determinants of compliance with mandatory IFRS 7 disclosure requirements by reclassifying banks. Third, it examines the value relevance of the reclassification choice. The sample of this research consists of a comprehensive global sample of 462 publicly listed IFRS banks from 69 countries around the world, over the period 2007–2010.<br>Thesis (PhD Doctorate)<br>Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)<br>Griffith Business School<br>Griffith Business School<br>Full Text
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Aleraig, Mahmoud Ali M. "Exploring perceptions on financial reporting standards in Islamic financial institutions." Thesis, Durham University, 2015. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/11356/.
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Islamic finance, emerged in modern times, as a religiously or Shari’ah constructed financial method and institution with the objective of providing religio-ethical financial solutions. Due to its different and unique nature, it is considered by that a special accounting system based on Shari’ah that fulfils the particular requests of Islamic finance instruments is required. For this purpose, the Accounting and Auditing Organisation for Islamic Financial Institutions (AAOIFI) have been issuing and developing Islamic accounting standards. Nevertheless, those standards are not adopted by most of the Islamic financial institutions (IFIs) that are still reporting with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), which are issued for conventional financial institutions. It is, on the other hand, claimed that IFRS may be irrelevant to the needs of other cultures and people of the world especially for institutions emerged from Islamic worldview, such as Islamic banks and financial institutions due to the nature and working mechanism of these institutions. This study, hence, aims at exploring and critically investigating the main environmental factors influencing the adoption of IFRS to IFIs. This study also aims to investigate empirically the need for special accounting treatments for Islamic financial institutions that is reliable worldview, and in consistent with the values and socioeconomic formation of Muslim society by harmonising or merging with AAOIFI and IFRS. The identified research questions were responded through primary data collected from a survey questionnaire, which, among other things, mainly attempted to explore IFIs in relation to their position as to whether they would prefer to account under IFRS issued by the IASB or under the Financial Accounting Standards or FAS issued by the AAOIFI. This questionnaire, also aimed at exploring the perceptions of the participants regarding accounting practices employed in different Islamic institutions and the issue of considering adopting a particular accounting system that satisfy their needs if it is available. In addition, the questionnaire also aims to investigate the perceptions of the participants on the nature of Islamic finance and whether IFRS is considering its special needs. Furthermore, particular attempt is made to measure the perceptions on rationalising Islamic accounting as a practice and as a paradigm. The study finds that most of the IFIs participated in this study employed IFRS’ as the main accounting system, which resulted in a number of problematic issues in treating Islamic finance transactions and contracts and endogenising other religious elements, such as the prohibition of riba and paying zakat. The findings also indicate that employing IFRS in the IFIs is not applicable within the normative world and the requirements of Islamic finance as aspired by the foundational axioms developed by Islamic moral economy despite the extensive use of it in current times. Therefore, in order to be authentic IFIs require special accounting standards that are different from the IFRSs, such as AAOIFI accounting standards, which may be considered as rationalising the emergence of Islamic accounting as a practice and field, which was the case in history.
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Forst, Christian. "Bewertung des Waldvermögens nach den International-Financial-Reporting-Standards." [Ilmenau] : [Univ.-Bibliothek] [Vertrieb], 2007. http://d-nb.info/991149270/34.
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Al-Jabri, Hamdan. "Financial reporting practices in Oman and compliance with disclosure requirements of international reporting standards." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.500585.
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Mohamed, Abdulbari Mostafa. "International Financial Reporting Standards in Libya : an institutional theory perspective." Thesis, Keele University, 2016. http://eprints.keele.ac.uk/4154/.
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This thesis seeks to investigate a number of issues relating to the mandating of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs) in Libya in 2006. This includes examining the factors that influenced the decision of the Libyan government to mandate these standards and, following this decision, examining the obstacles to implementing these standards in Libya. The benefits of these standards are also investigated. In addition, this thesis seeks to assess the level of compliance of the companies listed in the Libyan Stock Market (LSM) with the disclosure requirements of IFRSs over two years (2008-2009) after the mandating of the standards. Finally, the study investigates the association between the level of compliance with the disclosure requirements of these standards and corporation-specific characteristics, namely company size, type of audit firm, profitability, liquidity, listing status, ownership structure and industry type. To explore the factors, benefits and obstacles to the mandating, the research is based on multiple methods for collecting data. These methods include questionnaire surveys and semi-structured interviews. To assess the mandatory disclosure level, a checklist is developed involving 72 mandatory disclosure items which representing 7 International Accounting Standards (IASs). Finally, the infonnation disclosed in the financial statements of a sample of 14 companies listed in the LSM carefully examined against the checklist The results of the questionnaire surveys and interviews show that the mandating of these standards in Libya was a result of a mimetic external force, that is, the influence of global capital markets. At the same time, the role of the Libyan government as an internal coercive force exerted pressure, through legislation on an organisational field (the Libyan stock market), to mandate these IFRSs. Regarding the benefits, the most perceived benefits of JFRSs are the improved of quality of financial reporting in Libya and the attraction of foreign investors. Lack of training and lack of professionalism among accounting staff are the most frequently perceived obstacles to IFRSs implementation. Finally, this study reports that the degree of compliance with the disclosure requirements of IFRSs is low in both 2008 and 2009, and has not significantly improved over time. The multiple regression results reveal that there is no significant association between the disclosure requirements of IFRSs and any independent variables in 2008. Type of audit firm is the only independent variable that is being positive and significant to the level of CMD (Corporate Mandatory Disclosure) in 2009. This result suggest that the Libyan authorises should give more attention to companies which are audited by local firms.
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Muhlke, Katrin. "Bilanzpolitische Gestaltungsmöglichkeiten der Rechnungslegung nach den international financial reporting standards /." Aachen : Shaker, 2007. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=015656686&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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Ho, Thuy Huu. "Implementation of international financial reporting standards : case study in Vietnam." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2015. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=25524.
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This study investigates the process of implementation of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs) in Vietnam during eleven years. Up to the end of 2012, twenty six of Vietnamese Accounting Standards (VASs) have been issued "based on" IFRSs. This study aims to obtain an understanding of theories and factors influencing the implementation, and explore benefits and challenges for the implementation. The main goal of this study is to find a suitable accounting theory of the implementation of IFRSs in Vietnamese accounting. An interpretivist paradigm, qualitative methodology and inductive reasoning are employed in this study. The methodology helps to obtain essential understanding of what happened, and explain why those incurred. Three methods used in this study consist of comparison, interview and case study. The findings of this study indicate that communist theories and Hochiminh's thoughts significantly influence the implementation. Vietnamese culture also participates to cause more challenges for the implementation. Many individual factors which are different from developing countries have been found in the implementation in Vietnam, particularly, the Vietnamese law system and values/behaviours of the Vietnamese people. The findings also indicate that benefits for the implementation in Vietnam outweigh challenges. This study enriches literature of implementation of IFRSs around the world and gives useful lessons for other countries in implementation of IFRSs. Particularly, the contributions of this study are essential to the countries which have accounting environments and attributes similar to Vietnam, such as an economy developed at a low level, and heavy intervention of government in the process of setting up accounting standards.
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Haaker, Andreas. "Potential der Goodwill-Bilanzierung nach IFRS für eine Konvergenz im wertorientierten Rechnungswesen : eine messtheoretische Analyse /." Wiesbaden : Gabler, 2008. http://d-nb.info/987521772/04.
Full textBooks on the topic "Global Financial Reporting Standards"
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PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP. Global Accounting Consulting Services., ed. IFRS manual of accounting 2008: Global guide to International financial reporting standards. CCH, 2007.
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L, McKee David, and McKee Yosra AbuAmara 1948-, eds. Accounting and the global economy under Sarbanes-Oxley. M.E. Sharpe, 2007.
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Board, Accounting Standards. Financial reporting standards. Accounting Standards Board, 1994.
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Flower, John, and Gabi Ebbers. Global Financial Reporting. Macmillan Education UK, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-10538-7.
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Get'man, Viktor, Ol'ga Rozhnova, Svetlana Grishkina, et al. International Financial Reporting Standards. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1147319.
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The textbook analyzes the system of international financial reporting Standards (IFRS): its principles, formation, advantages and feasibility of implementation.
 All IFRS are considered: presentation of financial statements; inventories; statement of cash flows; accounting policies, changes in accounting estimates and errors; contracts, etc. The financial lease is also reflected in the lessee's statements under RAS and IFRS, etc.
 Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation.
 For students studying in the areas of "Economics" and "Management", as well as for everyone who wants to improve their level in the field of preparing consolidated financial statements.
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Caregradskaya, Yuliya, Ol'ga Sobol', Lana Arzumanova, et al. International Financial Reporting Standards. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1897640.
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The textbook discloses the legal status and purpose of international financial reporting standards, defines the conceptual framework for the presentation of financial statements (financial statements), the composition of financial statements according to international standards, describes the disclosure of information about the assets of the organization, the reflection of financial results in accounting statements, the presentation of income tax information. Considerable attention is paid to the issue of preparation of financial statements by Russian organizations according to international standards.
 For undergraduates, postgraduates, teachers of legal and economic educational organizations of higher professional education, heads of economic entities, auditors, practitioners, lawyers and entrepreneurs.
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Marian, Powers, ed. International financial reporting standards. South-Western Cengage Learning, 2010.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Global Financial Reporting Standards"
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Flower, John, and Gabi Ebbers. "The IASB: Its Standards." In Global Financial Reporting. Macmillan Education UK, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-10538-7_12.
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Flower, John, and Gabi Ebbers. "The Anatomy of an International Accounting Standard: IAS 1." In Global Financial Reporting. Macmillan Education UK, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-10538-7_14.
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Dasaraju, Himachalam, and Mutyala Subramanyam. "India. Convergence of International Financial Reporting Standards: An Analysis of Issues in Developed and Developing Economies." In IFRS in a Global World. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28225-1_15.
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Koleśnik, Katarzyna, and Sylwia Silska-Gembka. "Cultural Interpretation of International Financial Reporting Standards in the Anglo-Saxon and Continental Models of Accounting." In Intercultural Communication for the Global Business Professional. Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003298199-14.
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de Koker, Louis. "The FATF’s Combating of Financing of Proliferation Standards: Private Sector Implementation Challenges." In Financial Crime and the Law. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-59543-1_6.
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AbstractThe financial integrity standards of the Financial Action Task Force (FATF) create a framework that enlists financial institutions and designated businesses and professions. The effectiveness of the standards is highly dependent on the effectiveness of the measures employed by these regulated institutions. This chapter considers the challenges faced by regulated institutions to comply with the 2020 amendments to the FATF’s standards aimed at combating the financing of the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction. The FATF first adopted proliferation financing (PF) measures in 2012. These support the targeted financial sanctions (TFS) measures of the United Nations Security Council (UNSC), i.e. the UNSC’s sanctions against named individuals and entities linked to proliferation programs of Iran and the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea. The discussion reflects initial perspectives gained in interviews with 46 experts globally. The challenges identified in this study can be clustered in four broad groups: navigating different definitions of PF; assessing and mitigating PF risk with limited information about PF threats and with a limited geopolitical and geo-economic capacity to identify and mitigate threats; monitoring trade-related transactions effectively to prevent PF-TFS while having limited or no information about the goods involved; and efficiently and effectively combating PF-TFS without being allowed to simplify compliance measures where risks are lower. An overarching challenge is, however, a surprising lack of considered policy about the purpose and strategic objectives of the new measures to be implemented.Given the identified challenges the chapter proposes the following as elements of a national PF-TFS strategy: adopting a meaningful definition of PF that fits with the country’s general proliferation policy; implementing a phased approach that first focuses on a select group of higher risk institutions with capacity; embracing a collaborative approach bringing that select group together with the range of government authorities that address aspects of PF-TFS to explore best practice approaches to supporting effective and efficient compliance; making appropriate use of the FATF’s low risk exemption to exclude low risk institutions from PF-TFS risk management obligations; facilitating PF-TFS compliance by supporting sectoral risk assessments and the development of appropriate compliance technologies; tailoring compliance expectations given the limited information that institutions may have; and monitoring implementation for intended and unintended consequences and reporting on impact and progress.Though ambitious, FATF standards are minimum standards. Countries and regulated institutions may therefore elect to go beyond the standards and adopt policies, regulations and compliance practices that serve broader non-proliferation and disarmament objectives. Given the current increase in WMD risks globally that approach deserves serious consideration. Increased compliance with global non-proliferation obligations is required and the FATF’s financial surveillance framework can provided a helpful additional layer of controls.
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Hussey, Roger, and Audra Ong. "Financial Instruments – The Standards." In Corporate Financial Reporting. Macmillan Education UK, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-52766-0_12.
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Dhankar, Raj S. "International Financial Reporting Standards." In Capital Markets and Investment Decision Making. Springer India, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-3748-8_20.
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Norton, Dewey. "International Financial Reporting Standards." In The Executive’s Guide to Financial Management. Palgrave Macmillan US, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-51120-1_10.
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Tweedie, David, Allan Cook, and Geoffrey Whittington. "Reporting financial performance." In The UK Accounting Standards Board, 1990-2000. Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003346920-3.
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Flower, John, and Gabi Ebbers. "Financial Instruments." In Global Financial Reporting. Macmillan Education UK, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-10538-7_22.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Global Financial Reporting Standards"
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Katsarski, Nikolay. "FEATURES OF ACCOUNTING FOR LAND IN THE CONTEXT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT." In 24th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2024. STEF92 Technology, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2024/5.1/s21.66.
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In today's globalized society, it is becoming more and more necessary to include sustainable development ideas in accounting methods. The main concepts of land accounting within the context of sustainable development are covered in detail in this abstract. Sustainable development requires an accounting methodology that goes beyond typical financial measurements since it is defined by the balance of economic, social, and environmental components. We examine how social responsibility, resource efficiency, carbon footprint calculations, environmental impact assessments, and resource efficiency are all taken into account when accounting for land in the framework of sustainable development. Accounting helps to foster responsibility, openness, and well-informed choices when it comes to managing and investing in real estate. In addition, it draws attention to new developments in sustainable land accounting, such as the implementation of global frameworks and standards like the Sustainability Accounting Standards Board (SASB) and the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI). The significance of incorporating sustainability principles into land accounting practices to address the issues of climate change, resource depletion, and social equity. By doing so, it will help to advance sustainable.
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Stancheva-Todorova, Eleonora, and Maria Nikolova. "THE IMPACT OF SUSTAINABILITY ON ACCOUNTANCY PROFESSION." In 24th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2024. STEF92 Technology, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2024/5.1/s21.79.
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The United Nations� Sustainable Development Goals have recently challenged organizations to start consistent transformation in order to foster sustainability in future economy and society. One of the key enablers of this tr�nsformation was the European Union�s Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive, which amended non-financial reporting with sustainability reporting. As a result, the first global sustainability standards have been developed, which gave the accountancy profession a key role in helping organizations navigate through this new challenge. Sustainability reporting presents a great responsibility for professional accountants to create and communicate comprehensively and transparently the long-term value of organizations. Due to their genuine integrity, backed with ethical behavior and professional expertise, many believe that accountants are best positioned for that role. However, to be able to understand and quantify the environmental, social and corporate related risks, to identify materiality and to prepare quality disclosures for sustainability-related information, professional accountants need to develop their professional skillset. This paper aims at outlining the main effects of sustainability development over the accountancy profession and to highlight the new competences, needed in accountant�s professional profile through the lens of the new sustainability reporting framework. Main implication is that the new elaborate roles within the sustainable organization will enhance their skillset and will place new development opportunities in front of professional accountants. A combination of interpretive and critical scientific research methods has been applied to this study.
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Fırat, Emine, and Hakan Seldüz. "The Role of Financial Reporting in Occurrence of Financial Crises: Are The Regulations Generated by International Financial Reporting Standards Suffic." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c05.00882.
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Financial liberalization politics are utilized to cope with the economic dimension of globalization. They had important roles in occurrence and outspread of financial crises; and economic crises were triggered by the spread of financial crises to real economy. Because of financial liberalization; financial sector grew disproportionately developing faster than real economy. As the financial tools and methods got diversified, the sanction power of national regulations weakened due to the global dimension and a functional auditing mechanism could not be established. This enabled creative accounting practices and financial reporting manipulations and caused financial reports to become misleading and decreased their reliability. It is claimed by many researchers, that financial reporting again played an important role in the occurrence and spreading of the 2008 crisis, despite the fundamental amendments laid down with IFRS in 2003 and the continual updates. This study, which is displaying the characteristic features of a qualitative research, is carried out mainly by literature review. A wide and comprehensive investigation is meticulously executed on IFRS versions and drafts, the related legislation and regulations and the results of the some important researches about the allied subjects. The role of financial reports in occurrence of financial crises has been displayed. The effects of IFRS on financial reports are explored especially in terms of realism, transparency and reliability. The adequacies of the regulations are discussed, the risky points are spotlighted and proposals are put forward to minimize these risks in accordance with the principals of corporate governance.
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Arkhipova, N. "Standards For Forming Non-Financial Reporting: Practice Of Application In Russia." In Proceedings of the II International Scientific Conference GCPMED 2019 - "Global Challenges and Prospects of the Modern Economic Development". European Publisher, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2020.03.35.
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Baldissera, Annalisa. "Improve Sustainability Reporting through Integrated Reporting: Evidence from Italy." In 8th International Scientific Conference ERAZ - Knowledge Based Sustainable Development. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/eraz.2022.109.
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This study aims to analyze the connections between integrated reporting (IR) and sustainability reporting (SR), in order to verify whether the IR can contribute to improving the SR prepared according to the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) standards. In particular, this study considers the topic from the point of view of the SR to understand the benefits that it could obtain from the information disclosed through the IR. To this end, the study analyzes the integrated reports relating to the 2021 financial year of two listed Italian companies operating in the financial sector. The research has highlighted that some areas of sustainability, especially relating to the economic and environmental dimensions, are actually enhanced by integrated reporting, while the information benefits regarding the social dimension are less evident. The study can help indicate the advantages and possible improvements of the connections between SR and IR.
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Luhova, O. I. "DETERMINATION OF FINANCIAL RESULT: APPROACHES, DISPLAY IN REPORTING AND WAYS OF OPTIMIZATION." In FOOD SECURITY OF UKRAINE IN THE CONDITIONS OF POST-WAR RECOVERY: GLOBAL AND NATIONAL DIMENSIONS. MYKOLAIV NATIONAL AGRARIAN UNIVERSITY, 2025. https://doi.org/10.31521/978-617-7149-86-5-90.
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Тhe main approaches to the formation of the financial result of an enterprise in accordance with the requirements of national accounting standards are considered. The influence of accounting policy elements on the determination of financial result is studied. Practical tools that can be used for reasonable optimisation of the financial result, taking into account legislative norms and economic feasibility, are summarised.
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Sayyadi, Mohammad. "The Pervasive Roles of Financial Accounting A Comprehensive Look." In Global Conference on Accounting and Financial Management. Global Conference Alliance, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.62510/fdnc2073.
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Financial accounting is the cornerstone of modern business operations, serving as the universal language of business. This comprehensive exploration delves deeply into the profound significance of financial accounting in facilitating informed and strategic decision-making. It provides transparency, ensures accountability, and guides both internal and external stakeholders. This research also examines the evolving role of technology, international financial reporting standards, the impact on the government and public sector, and the challenges and future trends in financial accounting. Furthermore, it highlights the changing role of professional accountants in the dynamic landscape of financial accounting, emphasizing the expanding competencies required for accountants in the contemporary business world.
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Lapitkaia, Liudmila. "Analysis of changes in International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS) for small and medium-sized entities." In 26th International Scientific Conference “Competitiveness and Innovation in the Knowledge Economy". Academy of Economic Studies of Moldova, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53486/cike2022.34.
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Since the publication of the IFRS for Small and Medium-sized enterprises in 2009, significant changes have taken place in the global economy, which contributed to the introduction of changes to this standard in 2015, 2018 and the International Accounting Standards Board opened consultations on the proposed modifications to IFRS for small and medium-sized enterprises. Proposals for the modification of this standard relate to 21 sections out of 35, which comprise IFRS for small and medium-sized enterprises. After analyzing the changes submitted by the International Accounting Standards Board to change this standard, the author suggests a number of modifications to improve this standard. These proposals relate primarily to the reflection of cryptocurrencies in accounting, since there is no official approach to solving this issue to date, the author, having analyzed world practice and theory on this issue, offers a number of solutions.
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Mansour, Lăcrămioara, Elena Cerasela Spătariu, and Cristina Elena Georgescu. "XBRL Standards – Mean of Improving Capital Market Information Process." In 9th BASIQ International Conference on New Trends in Sustainable Business and Consumption. Editura ASE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.24818/basiq/2023/09/039.
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This article studies in a systematic way, based on specialized research literature, the benefits of the XBRL standardized reporting of the financial-accounting statements and the impact of its use on the company’s relationship with the capital markets. XBRL digital reporting standards emerged as a necessity for the development of economic processes in global markets, realizing the informational link between companies and stakeholders, including investors, through information technology. The paper uses, as a foundation, the research based on the analysis of the specialized literature, highlighting the benefits of XBRL reporting within the information process of the capital markets: reducing the costs of acquiring, accessing, processing and analysing information. The responses of these markets were immediate, the analysed studies demonstrated as immediate effects of the standards implementation, the improvement of the company image among investors, the increase of the entities market value and the increase of the capital markets ensemble efficiency. Our study is primarily addressed to companies, in substantiating the decision regarding of these reporting standards implementation.
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Tatiana, Gribincea. "Considerations on the scope of ISA 700 and implications on audit engagement quality." In International student scientific conference "Challenges of accounting for young researchers", 8th Edition. Academy of Economic Studies of Moldova, 2024. https://doi.org/10.53486/issc2024.25.
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Global financial crises, corporate failures and scandals have led to the revision of reporting standards, including IAS 700. This revision helped to regain user confidence and increase the value of the audit. It also expanded the auditor's report, which includes disclosures about material matters in the company's financial reporting and the audit, as well as increases the usefulness of audit opinions to promote more open communication between auditors and users of financial reporting. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to analyze the specialized literature, to determine the link between the scope of ISA 700 and the implications on the quality of the audit engagement. The results showed that this theme was developed in many countries, studies were conducted and it was concluded that although the new report brings multiple benefits, others claim to prefer other important disclosures. At the same time, the quality of the audit mission is determined not only by the application of this standard, but also by the competence, ethics and integrity, skills of the auditor.
Reports on the topic "Global Financial Reporting Standards"
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Dejuan-Bitria, Daniel, Wayne R. Landsman, Sergio Mayordomo, and Irene Roibás. How do changes in financial reporting standards affect relationship lending? Banco de España, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.53479/37892.
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This paper analyses the effect of the expected credit loss model under IFRS 9 on relationship lending in Spain. We document that relationship exclusivity between a bank and a firm has a positive effect on the growth of credit. However, this positive effect is significantly reduced after implementation of IFRS 9. We estimate that in 2018 the negative impact of IFRS 9 on relationship lending led to a reduction in credit to Spanish non-financial firms of 2.8% of their total outstanding credit, suggesting a sizeable effect on the availability of credit. For borrowers with Stage 1 loans, we show that the new regulation has a negative impact on relationship lending at firms with a higher probability of default and whose credit quality has deteriorated. Our findings are consistent with a change in the incentives that underpin relationship lending.
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Hague, Mathias, Michael Obanubi, Michael Shaw, and Geoff Tyler. The development impact of concessional finance to agri-business: a rapid evidence review. Commercial Agriculture for Smallholders and Agribusiness (CASA), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/20240191179.
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The provision of concessional finance has become an increasingly important tool to support enterprise development, especially where financial markets are underdeveloped. For the purposes of this research, concessional finance is defined as that which is extended on terms and/or conditions that are more favourable than those available from the market. This can be achieved, for example, via lower risk adjusted return expectations; terms and conditions that would not be accepted/extended by a commercial financial institution; and/or by providing financing to a borrower/recipient not otherwise served by commercial financing. Risk mitigation tools, guarantees and first-loss products are also included when they are provided on concessional terms. The Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office (FCDO) of the United Kingdom (UK) has committed funding to a range of concessional finance investors in the agriculture sector, including significant sums for the CDC Group (the UK's development finance institution), AgDevCo (a specialist agribusiness impact investor), the Global Agriculture and Food Security Program (GAFSP) Private Sector Window, and the Africa Enterprise Challenge Fund (AECF). FCDO also makes smaller contributions to more specialized institutions as well as collaborative interventions with other donors in the agriculture sector. These organizations cover the spectrum of investment themes, from close-to-market interest rates for more established businesses to long-term, low- or no-interest debt with packages of advisory support for early stage or highly innovative business models. They deploy a wide range of instruments, some funded, which includes all types of concessional debt and equity; and others unfunded, which covers risk mitigation tools, guarantees and first-loss products when they are provided on concessional terms. Implementing partners use different methods for monitoring and reporting the performance of the concessional funding provided by donors, using both customized measurement mechanisms or those based on more broadly accepted standards such as the Donor Committee for Enterprise Development (DCED). Research ranges from light touch human interest case studies to more formal longitudinal analysis using rigorous statistical survey methods. Academic institutions are increasingly contributing quality research, particularly to the assessment and understanding of development impact, often in partnership with impact investors. Donors themselves both directly engage in research but also provide the majority of the funding for evidence-based learning in both investors and academia. After more than a decade of concerted investment and innovation in the concessional finance space, particularly in sub Saharan Africa and South Asia, there is increasing interest in understanding whether these interventions are providing the development impacts expected and which financing tools and institutions are most effective for different types of farmer and or food market systems. These lessons will allow good practices to be replicated in future and implementation modalities to be improved to maximize development impact and financial performance.
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Perera, Duminda, Ousmane Seidou, Jetal Agnihotri, et al. Flood Early Warning Systems: A Review Of Benefits, Challenges And Prospects. United Nations University Institute for Water, Environment and Health, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.53328/mjfq3791.
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Floods are major water-related disasters that affect millions of people resulting in thousands of mortalities and billiondollar losses globally every year. Flood Early Warning Systems (FEWS) - one of the floods risk management measures - are currently operational in many countries. The UN Office for Disaster Risk Reduction recognises their importance and strongly advocates for an increase in their availability under the targets of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction, and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). However, despite widespread recognition of the importance of FEWS for disaster risk reduction (DRR), there’s a lack of information on their availability and status around the world, their benefits and costs, challenges and trends associated with their development. This report contributes to bridging these gaps by analyzing the responses to a comprehensive online survey with over 80 questions on various components of FEWS (risk knowledge, monitoring and forecasting, warning dissemination and communication, and response capabilities), investments into FEWS, their operational effectiveness, benefits, and challenges. FEWS were classified as technologically “basic”, “intermediate” and “advanced” depending on the existence and sophistication of FEWS` components such as hydrological data = collection systems, data transfer systems, flood forecasting methods, and early warning communication methods. The survey questionnaire was distributed to flood forecasting and warning centers around the globe; the primary focus was developing and least-developed countries (LDCs). The questionnaire is available here: https://inweh.unu.edu/questionnaireevaluation-of-flood-early-warning-systems/ and can be useful in its own right for similar studies at national or regional scales, in its current form or with case-specific modifications. Survey responses were received from 47 developing (including LDCs) and six developed countries. Additional information for some countries was extracted from available literature. Analysis of these data suggests the existence of an equal number of “intermediate” and “advanced” FEWS in surveyed river basins. While developing countries overall appear to progress well in FEWS implementation, LDCs are still lagging behind since most of them have “basic” FEWS. The difference between types of operational systems in developing and developed countries appear to be insignificant; presence of basic, intermediate or advanced FEWS depends on available investments for system developments and continuous financing for their operations, and there is evidence of more financial support — on the order of USD 100 million — to FEWS in developing countries thanks to international aid. However, training the staff and maintaining the FEWS for long-term operations are challenging. About 75% of responses indicate that river basins have inadequate hydrological network coverage and back-up equipment. Almost half of the responders indicated that their models are not advanced and accurate enough to produce reliable forecasts. Lack of technical expertise and limited skilled manpower to perform forecasts was cited by 50% of respondents. The primary reason for establishing FEWS, based on the survey, is to avoid property damage; minimizing causalities and agricultural losses appear to be secondary reasons. The range of the community benefited by FEWS varies, but 55% of FEWS operate in the range between 100,000 to 1 million of population. The number of flood disasters and their causalities has declined since the year 2000, while 50% of currently operating FEWS were established over the same period. This decline may be attributed to the combined DRR efforts, of which FEWS are an integral part. In lower-middle-income and low-income countries, economic losses due to flood disasters may be smaller in absolute terms, but they represent a higher percentage of such countries’ GDP. In high-income countries, higher flood-related losses accounted for a small percentage of their GDP. To improve global knowledge on FEWS status and implementation in the context of Sendai Framework and SDGs, the report’s recommendations include: i) coordinate global investments in FEWS development and standardise investment reporting; ii) establish an international hub to monitor the status of FEWS in collaboration with the national responsible agencies. This will support the sharing of FEWS-related information for accelerated global progress in DRR; iii) develop a comprehensive, index-based ranking system for FEWS according to their effectiveness in flood disaster mitigation. This will provide clear standards and a roadmap for improving FEWS’ effectiveness, and iv) improve coordination between institutions responsible for flood forecasting and those responsible for communicating warnings and community preparedness and awareness.
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Kim, Jeong Won, and Sungjin Kim. International Agreements and Global Initiatives for Low-Carbon Cooling. Asian Development Bank Institute, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56506/rpae4386.
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Since the mid-1980s, the international community has controlled refrigerants that may damage the ozone layer and cause climate change based on several international agreements. In particular, the Montreal Protocol contributed to not only solving the ozone layer depletion problem but also limiting global warming. Given that the global demand for cooling would triple by 2050 and this rise would increase global greenhouse gas emissions significantly, the Montreal Protocol has expanded its regulatory scope to decarbonize the cooling sector through the adoption of the Kigali Amendment. Also, increasing interest in low-carbon cooling has driven the launch of various global initiatives to complement the international agreements and accelerate low-carbon cooling in developing countries. The experience of implementing the Montreal Protocol and its amendments suggests some lessons and insights for making the Kigali Amendment work well. First, each country should develop and enforce national policies aligned with international agreements. Second, financial and technical support mechanisms should be strengthened to facilitate developing countries’ compliance with the Kigali Amendment. Third, along with the improving energy efficiency of cooling, the substances that neither harm the ozone layer nor exacerbate climate change should be used as substitutes for hydrofluorocarbons. Last, the monitoring, reporting, and verification of controlled substances need to be strengthened.
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Ross, Aimee, and Lorna Christie. Energy consumption of ICT. Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.58248/pn677.
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Information and Communication Technology (ICT), including data centres, communication networks and user devices, accounted for an estimated 4-6% of global electricity use in 2020. Increasing demand for ICT is expected to lead to an increase in global ICT energy use over the next decade. Experts have highlighted ongoing improvements in the energy efficiency of the technology. However, there is limited evidence on the energy use of ICT, and a significant degree of uncertainty in existing estimates. This POSTnote summarises estimates of the energy used across the ICT sector and trends that may affect it. It discusses developments in energy efficiency and issues related to energy reporting and standards.
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Milsom, Penelope, and David McCoy. Corporate accountability in global health governance? A case study of the Access to Medicine Index (Addendum). United Nations University - International Institute for Global Health, 2025. https://doi.org/10.37941/rr/2025/2.
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In October 2024, UNU-IIGH published an extensive analysis of the 2022 Access to Medicine Index (AtMI) and the underlying theory of how the Index promotes increasingly socially responsible corporate policies and practices over time. The analysis identified several limitations of 2022 AtMI. These included: data quality concerns about incomplete and reliable data; a lack of clarity about how data are translated into company scores for each indicator; the low standards against which companies are assessed; and the narrow scope of corporate conduct covered by the Index. While noting some improvement in company performance particularly in relation to AtMI indicators assessing access to medicine policies (but also some practices), we also observed a lack of hard evidence that the Index has actually improved access to medicines and other products in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) in any significant way, We also pointed to how the Index may inadvertently undermine efforts to regulate pharmaceutical companies and thus paradoxically work against the public interest. This analysis is available here. Soon after publishing our analysis, the Access to Medicines Foundation (AtMF) published its ninth iteration of the AtMI in November 2024[1] based on a modified and updated methodology. This Addendum assesses the differences between the 2022 and 2024 Index methodology and comments on whether the limitations of the AtMI identified in our initial analysis of the 2022 report remain valid. Here, we first describe how the 2024 Index compares to 2022 Index. In doing so, we conclude that the 2024 Index has been modestly improved by the introduction of new ‘patient reach’ indicators which has strengthened the assessment of whether companies are transparent about their methods for calculating and reporting improvements in patient reach. Further, the revisions made to some of the existing indicators have mostly resulted in a minimal or marginal strengthening of the standards against which companies are assessed, although in a few instances the bar appears to have been actually lowered. More importantly, the fundamental concerns and problems identified with the 2022 Index remain with the 2024 Index.
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Khan, Mahreen. Public Financial Management and Transitioning out of Aid. Institute of Development Studies, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.145.
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This rapid review found an absence of literature focused specifically on measuring the impact of PFM and governance systems in countries that have transitioned from aid, by moving up the income ladder. However, there are a few academic publications and a limited number of studies by multilateral, such as the World Bank, that examine the role of PFM and governance systems in countries that are transitioning or have moved away from aid. However, the importance of public financial management (PFM) and governance systems in development is well established and seen as a pre-requisite for economic growth. To effectively transition from aid, most low-income countries (LICs) need to upgrade their PFM and governance systems to meet the different scale, resources, accountability mechanisms, and capacity-building requirements of a middle-income country (MIC). The absence of the above empirical evidence may be due to the complexity of measuring the impact of PFM reforms as the results are non-linear, difficult to isolate from other policies to establish causality, and manifest in a longer time frame. However, through comparative country studies, the consequences of deficient PFM and governance have been well documented. So impaired budgetary planning, implementation, and reporting, limited fiscal transparency, weak accountability mechanisms, resource leakage, and inefficient service delivery are well recognised as detrimental to economic growth and development. The literature on transitioning countries focuses predominantly on the impact of aid withdrawal on the social sector, where comparative qualitative data is easier to obtain and the effects are usually more immediate, visible, and may even extend to global health outcomes, such as in AIDS prevention programmes. Thus, tracking the progress of donor-assisted social sector programmes is relatively easier than for PFM and governance reforms. The literature is more abundant on the overall lessons of transitions from aid both for country governments and donors. The key lessons underscore the importance of PFM and governance systems and mechanisms to a successful transition up the income ladder: Planning for transition should be strategic, detailed and specifically geared to mitigate against risks, explicitly assessing the best mix of finance options to mitigate the impact of aid reduction/withdrawal on national budgets. The plan must be led by a working group or ministry and have timelines and milestones; Where PFM and governance is weak transition preparation should include strengthening PFM especially economic and fiscal legislation, administration, and implementation; Stakeholders such as donor partners (DPs) and NGOs should participate in the planning process with clear, open, and ongoing communication channels; Political and economic assessments in the planning and mid-term phases as well as long-term monitoring and evaluation should be instituted; Build financial, technical, and management capacity throughout the plan implementation This helpdesk report draws on academic, policy, and grey sources from the previous seven years rather than the usual K4D five-year window, to account for the two-year disruption of COVID-19. As cross-country studies on PFM and governance are scarce, a few older studies are also referenced to ensure a comprehensive response to the query. The report focuses on low-income countries transitioning from aid due to a change in status to lower-middle-income countries.
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Sergeeva, Zlata, and Colin Ward. Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS) Solutions to Decarbonize LNG: Why, Where and How Much? King Abdullah Petroleum Studies and Research Center, 2024. https://doi.org/10.30573/ks--2024-dp22.
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In 2019, a new product – carbon-neutral LNG – was born. By 2021, the market for this product had grown rapidly. However, in 2022, the number of announcements about the volumes delivered to customers significantly decreased. To a large extent, this decrease was linked to credibility issues because all supplied cargoes used carbon offsets of various qualities to address emissions. Due to the lack of transparency and proper reporting, as well as global standards for the industry, the practice of trading carbon-neutral LNG has received substantial criticism from the media and stakeholders. However, considering the recent energy crisis and growing need for natural gas in certain regions, decarbonizing LNG is crucial for ensuring energy security in the coming decades.
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Moreno, Ángel Iván, and Teresa Caminero. Assessing the data challenges of climate-related disclosures in european banks. A text mining study. Banco de España, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53479/33752.
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The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) estimates that global net-zero should be achieved by 2050. To this end, many private firms are pledging to reach net-zero emissions by 2050. The Climate Data Steering Committee (CDSC) is working on an initiative to create a global central digital repository of climate disclosures, which aims to address the current data challenges. This paper assesses the progress within European financial institutions towards overcoming the data challenges outlined by the CDSC. Using a text-mining approach, coupled with the application of commercial Large Language Models (LLM) for context verification, we calculate a Greenhouse Gas Disclosure Index (GHGDI), by analysing 23 highly granular disclosures in the ESG reports between 2019 and 2021 of most of the significant banks under the ECB’s direct supervision. This index is then compared with the CDP score. The results indicate a moderate correlation between institutions not reporting to CDP upon request and a low GHGDI. Institutions with a high CDP score do not necessarily correlate with a high GHGDI.
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Soares, Tatiana Fontes, Simon Lodato, Monika Huppi, Jose Claudio Linhares Pires, and Cheryl Gray. Fifth Independent Evaluation of SCF's Expanded Project Supervision Report Exercise. Inter-American Development Bank, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010613.
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Each year the Structured and Corporate Finance Department (SCF) of the Inter-American Development Bank prepares a set of Expanded Project Supervision Reports (XPSRs). This Fifth Independent Evaluation Report presents the annual independent validation of the XPRSs by the Office of Evaluation and Oversight (OVE). The exercise has been carried out in line with the Good Practice Standards for Private Sector Operations issued by the multilateral development banks' Evaluation Cooperation Group. Each project is evaluated on four dimensions: Development Outcome, IDB Profitability, IDB Additionality, and IDB Work Quality. This XPSR exercise covers all nine SCF projects that reached Early Operating Maturity in 2011. These projects were approved mostly in 2008 and 2009 during the global financial crisis, although one dates back to 2006. The portfolio consists of five financial operations (all located in C&D countries) and four non-financial sector operations (located in A&B countries). This report presents the main findings and conclusions from the evaluation exercise. Some specific financial, business or proprietary information has been edited, in compliance with the Bank's Access to Information Policy.