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Salzmann, Marc. "Global warming without global mean precipitation increase?" Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-207471.
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Global climate models simulate a robust increase of global mean precipitation of about 1.5 to 2% per Kelvin surface warming in response to greenhouse gas (GHG) forcing.Here, it is shown that the sensitivity to aerosol cooling is robust as well, albeit roughly twice as large. This larger sensitivity is consistent with energy budget arguments. At the same time, it is still considerably lower than the 6.5 to 7% K−1 decrease of the water vapor concentration with cooling from anthropogenic aerosol because the water vapor radiative feedback lowers the hydrological sensitivity to anthropogenic forcings. When GHG and aerosol forcings are combined, the climate models with a realistic 20th century warming indicate that the globa lmean precipitation increase due to GHG warming has, until recently, been completely masked by aerosol drying. This explains the apparent lack of sensitivity of the global mean precipitation to the net global warming recently found in observations. As the importance of GHG warming increases in the future, a clear signal will emerge.
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Ringer, Mark A., Bryant J. McAvaney, Natasha Andronova, et al. "Global mean cloud feedbacks in idealized climate change experiments." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-189467.
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Global mean cloud feedbacks in ten atmosphere-only climate models are estimated in perturbed sea surface temperature (SST) experiments and the results compared to doubled CO2 experiments using mixed-layer ocean versions of these same models. The cloud feedbacks in any given
model are generally not consistent: the sign of the net cloud radiative feedback may vary according to the experimental design. However, both sets of experiments indicate that the variation of the total climate feedback across the models depends primarily on the variation of the net cloud feedback. Changes in different cloud types show much greater consistency between the two experiments for any individual model and amongst the set of models analyzed here. This suggests that the SST perturbation experiments may provide useful information on the processes associated with cloud changes which is not evident when analysis is
restricted to feedbacks defined in terms of the change in cloud radiative forcing.
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Ringer, Mark A., Bryant J. McAvaney, Natasha Andronova, et al. "Global mean cloud feedbacks in idealized climate change experiments." Wiley, 2006. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A13964.
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Global mean cloud feedbacks in ten atmosphere-only climate models are estimated in perturbed sea surface temperature (SST) experiments and the results compared to doubled CO2 experiments using mixed-layer ocean versions of these same models. The cloud feedbacks in any given
model are generally not consistent: the sign of the net cloud radiative feedback may vary according to the experimental design. However, both sets of experiments indicate that the variation of the total climate feedback across the models depends primarily on the variation of the net cloud feedback. Changes in different cloud types show much greater consistency between the two experiments for any individual model and amongst the set of models analyzed here. This suggests that the SST perturbation experiments may provide useful information on the processes associated with cloud changes which is not evident when analysis is
restricted to feedbacks defined in terms of the change in cloud radiative forcing.
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Williams, Felicity Helen. "A geophysical approach to reconstructing past global mean sea levels using highly resolved sea-level records." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2016. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/397416/.
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Sea level is an excellent proxy for past climate change as it represents the combined impact of changing temperatures and ice volumes through time. Reconstructing a record of global ice volume change is complex as the growth and loss of high volume ice sheets results in a spatially varying pattern of sea-level change. This is known as glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) and means that all past sea-level indicators are effectively relative sea level (RSL) indicators. Each indicator is relative to a particular position on the Earth’s crust and requires a GIA correction to reconstruct global mean sea level (GMSL). Generating a GIA correction requires an appropriate ice volume and distribution history. As no field-constrained global ice history exists beyond the last glacial maximum we create five different global ice-loading histories to investigate a range of potential ice volume and dispersal scenarios through the last interglacial. Within this thesis we develop a methodology for inclusion of coral taxon depth-habitat relationships in the uncertainties associated with fossil coral reconstructed relative sea levels. We test our ice histories against the coral dataset, and find the best matches to the coral dataset come from ice histories that contain a longer interglacial and / or reduced ice volume through the interglacial than is currently found in many continuous records of sea level. We model the GIA response of the Hanish and Camarinal Sills, and Rosh Hanikra on the Israeli coast to determine how two continuous RSL curves, for the Red Sea and Gibraltar respectively, and the temporally discrete RSL indicators relate to GMSL. Our analysis reveals sensitivities that may be used to constrain the evolution of a past Eurasian ice sheet.
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Lindahl, Julia. "What does it mean to be a global citizen? : A qualitative interview study with Indian and Nepalese young adults concerning their perceptions of global citizenship." Thesis, Högskolan i Jönköping, Högskolan för lärande och kommunikation, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-21539.
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Today's increasingly interconnected world creates new challenges related to the use and understanding of the concept of citizenship. The idea of a global citizenship is not new; however, in recent years there has been an evolution of increasing research leading to the expansion of interest with regard to the exploration of the concept and how it could be implemented in practice. This study attempts to deepen the understanding of the qualitatively different ways of perceiving this concept amongst a number of Indian and Nepalese young adults. The study is based on a phenomenographic research approach, where the data material was collected through semi-structured interviews. The results of the study show that global citizenship can be perceived as being related to equality, cultural diversity, global responsibility, global communication and cosmopolitan governance. Furthermore, the study demonstrates that the young adults perceive themselves either only as national citizens, or as both national and global citizens. Finally, the respondents believe that formal education can contribute to the promotion of global citizenship by including the concept in the educational curriculum and by encouraging cultural exchange. The role of formal education in promoting global citizenship is also perceived to be unclear due to terminological confusion.
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Kunath, Jan Lucas [Verfasser]. "Die Global-Mean Analyse im funktionellen MRT als klinisches Tool zur Identifikation von sexueller Orientierung / Jan Lucas Kunath." Kiel : Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1194929753/34.
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Chen, Rui. "Dynamic optimal control for distress large financial networks and Mean field systems with jumps Optimal connectivity for a large financial network Mean Field BSDEs and Global Dynamic Risk Measures." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2019PSLED042.
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Cette thèse propose des modèles et des méthodes pour étudier le contrôle du risque dans de larges systèmes financiers. Nous proposons dans une première partie une approche structurelle : nous considérons un système financier représenté comme un réseau d’institutions connectées entre elles par des interactions stratégiques sources de financement mais également par des interactions qui les exposent à un risque de contagion de défaut. La nouveauté de notre approche réside dans le fait que ces deux types d’interaction interfèrent. Nous proposons des nouvelles notions d’équilibre pour ces systèmes et étudions la connectivité optimale du réseau et le risque systémique associé. Dans une deuxième partie, nous introduisons des mesures de risque systémique définies par des équations différentielles stochastiques rétrogrades dirigées par des opérateurs à champ moyen et étudions des problèmes d’arrêt optimal associés. La dernière partie aborde des questions de liquidation optimale de portefeuilles<br>This thesis presents models and methodologies to understand the control of systemic risk in large systems. We propose two approaches. The first one is structural : a financial system is represented as a network of institutions. They have strategic interactions as well as direct interactions through linkages in a contagion process. The novelty of our approach is that these two types of interactions are intertwined themselves and we propose new notions of equilibria for such games and analyze the systemic risk emerging in equilibrium. The second approach is a reduced form.We model the dynamics of regulatory capital using a mean field operator : required capital depends on the standalone risk but also on the evolution of the capital of all other banks in the system. In this model, required capital is a dynamic risk measure and is represented as a the solution of a mean-field BDSE with jumps. We show a novel dual representation theorem. In the context of meanfield BSDEs the representation gives yield to a stochastic discount factor and a worst-case probability measure that encompasses the overall interactions in the system. We also solve the optimal stopping problem of dynamic risk measure by connecting it to the solution of reflected meanfield BSDE with jumps. Finally, We provide a comprehensive model for the order book dynamics and optimal Market making strategy appeared in liquidity risk problems
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Yin, Jianjun, Jonathan Overpeck, Cheryl Peyser, and Ronald Stouffer. "Big Jump of Record Warm Global Mean Surface Temperature in 2014-2016 Related to Unusually Large Oceanic Heat Releases." AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/627121.
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A 0.24 degrees C jump of record warm global mean surface temperature (GMST) over the past three consecutive record-breaking years (2014-2016) was highly unusual and largely a consequence of an El Nino that released unusually large amounts of ocean heat from the subsurface layer of the northwestern tropical Pacific. This heat had built up since the 1990s mainly due to greenhouse-gas (GHG) forcing and possible remote oceanic effects. Model simulations and projections suggest that the fundamental cause, and robust predictor of large record-breaking events of GMST in the 21st century, is GHG forcing rather than internal climate variability alone. Such events will increase in frequency, magnitude, and duration, as well as impact, in the future unless GHG forcing is reduced.
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Rackow, Thomas [Verfasser], Thomas [Akademischer Betreuer] Jung, and Peter [Akademischer Betreuer] Lemke. "An unstructured multi-resolution global climate model : coupling, mean state and climate variability / Thomas Rackow. Gutachter: Thomas Jung ; Peter Lemke. Betreuer: Thomas Jung." Bremen : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Bremen, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1072304031/34.
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Borghi, Giacomo. "Consensus-Based Optimization on Hypersurfaces." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/21783/.
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In questo elaborato viene presentato un algoritmo Consensus-Based per l'ottimizazione vincolata a ipersuperfici. Il metodo consiste in una tecnica di ottimizzazione di tipo metaeuristico dove un insieme di particelle interagenti si muove secondo un meccanismo che unisce movimenti deterministici e stocastici per creare un consenso attorno ad un luogo del dominio dove è presente un minimo della funzione. La dinamica è governata da un sistema di SDE ed è studiata attraverso il formalismo della teoria cinetica per modelli di particelle interagenti. Innanzitutto, viene dimostrato che il sistema è ben posto e viene formalmente derivato il suo limite di campo medio. Il meccanismo di consenso viene poi studiato analiticamente e computazionalmente soffermandosi sulle difficoltà che il rispetto del vincolo comporta. Infine, vengono condotti esperimenti su classiche funzioni test.
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Huang, Deng. "Experimental planning and sequential kriging optimization using variable fidelity data." Connect to this title online, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1110297243.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2005.<br>Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xi, 120 p.; also includes graphics (some col.). Includes bibliographical references (p. 114-120). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center
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Beneddine, Samir. "Characterization of unsteady flow behavior by linear stability analysis." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLX010/document.
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Au cours des dernières décennies, la théorie de la stabilité a été intensivement utilisée pour caractériser le comportement instationnaire d'écoulements. Cela a donné naissance à un grand nombre d'approches, mais malheureusement chacune d'entre elles semble présenter ses propres limitations. De plus, leurs conditions de validité sont encore très mal connues, ce qui soulève la question de la fiabilité de ce genre de méthodes dans un cas général.Cette problématique est traitée dans cette thèse en s'intéressant dans un premier temps aux approches classiques de stabilité, qui étudient l'évolution de petites perturbations autour d'une solution stationnaire -- un champ de base -- des équations de Navier-Stokes. Pour cela, le phénomène du screech -- un bruit tonal que peuvent causer les jets sous-détendus -- est étudié d'un point de vue de la stabilité linéaire. Les résultats obtenus montrent que la dynamique non-linéaire du phénomène est correctement prédite par une analyse linéaire de stabilité du champ de base. Une confrontation avec d'autres analyses similaires montre qu'un tel résultat n'est pas toujours observé. Cependant, lorsque les oscillations auto-entretenues d'un écoulement sont provoquées par un bouclage acoustique, comme c'est le cas entre autres pour le screech, l'écoulement de cavité ou encore les jets impactants, alors les non-linéarités ont une faible influence sur le phénomène de sélection de fréquence. Cela explique la capacité d'une analyse linéaire à caractériser ces écoulements, même dans le régime non-linéaire.Une autre approche, consistant à étudier la stabilité linéaire du champ moyen, a montré de bons résultats dans certaines configurations qui ne peuvent être correctement étudiées par une analyse linéaire du champ de base. Cela est justifié dans cette thèse en mettant en évidence le rôle que joue la résolvante autour du champ moyen dans la dynamique d'un écoulement. Il est montré que lorsque cet opérateur présente une forte séparation de valeurs singulières, ce qui correspond à l'existence d'un mécanisme d'instabilité fort, alors les modes de Fourier de l'écoulement sont proportionnels aux modes de résolvante dominants. Ce résultat fournit des conditions mathématiques et physiques pour l'utilisation et le sens de diverses méthodes d'analyse du champ moyen, telles qu'une analyse d'équations de stabilité parabolisées (Parabolised Stability Equations). De plus, cela permet de mettre en place un modèle de prédiction du spectre fréquentiel en tout point d'un écoulement, à partir d'une ou de quelques mesures ponctuelles et du champ moyen. L'ensemble de ces résultats est illustré et validé sur un cas de marche descendante turbulente. Enfin, cela est exploité dans un cadre expérimental, afin de reconstruire le comportement instationnaire d'un jet rond transitionnel, à partir de la seule connaissance du champ moyen et d'une mesure ponctuelle. L'étude montre que, sous certaines précautions expérimentales, la reconstruction est très précise et robuste<br>Linear stability theory has been intensively used over the past decades for the characterization of unsteady flow behaviors. While the existing approaches are numerous, none has the ability to address any general flow. Moreover, clear validity conditions for these techniques are often missing, and this raises the question of their general reliability.In this thesis, this question is addressed by first considering the classical stability approach, which focuses on the evolution of small disturbances about a steady solution -- a base flow -- of the Navier-Stokes equations.To this end, the screech phenomenon -- a tonal noise that is sometimes generated by underexpanded jets -- is studied from alinear stability point of view. The results reveal that the nonlinear dynamics of this phenomenon is well-predicted by a linear base flow stability analysis. A confrontation with other similar analyses from the literature shows that such a satisfactory result is not always observed. However, when a self-sustained oscillating flow is driven by an acoustic feedback loop, as it is the case for the screech phenomenon, cavity flows and impinging jets for instance, then the nonlinearities have a weak impact on the frequency selection process, explaining the ability of a linear analysis to characterize the flow, even in the nonlinear regime.Another alternative approach, based on a linearization about the mean flow, is known to be successful in some cases where a base flow analysis fails. This observation from the literature is explained in this thesis by outlining the role of the resolvent operator, arising from a linearization about the mean flow, in the dynamics of a flow. The main finding is that if this operator displays a clear separation of singular values, which relates to the existence of one strong convective instability mechanism, then the Fourier modes areproportional to the first resolvent modes. This result provides mathematical and physical conditions for the use and meaning of several mean flow stability techniques, such as a parabolised stability equations analysis of a mean flow.Moreover, it leads to a predictive model for the frequency spectrum of a flow field at any arbitrary location, from the sole knowledge of the mean flow and the frequency spectrum at one or more points. All these findings are illustrated and validated in the case of a turbulent backward facing step flow. Finally, these results are exploited in an experimental context, for the reconstruction of the unsteady behavior of a transitional round jet, from the sole knowledge of the mean flow and one point-wise measurement. The study shows that, after following a few experimental precautions, detailed in the manuscript, the reconstruction is very accurate and robust
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Jonsson, Robin. "Optimal Linear Combinations of Portfolios Subject to Estimation Risk." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för utbildning, kultur och kommunikation, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-28524.
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The combination of two or more portfolio rules is theoretically convex in return-risk space, which provides for a new class of portfolio rules that gives purpose to the Mean-Variance framework out-of-sample. The author investigates the performance loss from estimation risk between the unconstrained Mean-Variance portfolio and the out-of-sample Global Minimum Variance portfolio. A new two-fund rule is developed in a specific class of combined rules, between the equally weighted portfolio and a mean-variance portfolio with the covariance matrix being estimated by linear shrinkage. The study shows that this rule performs well out-of-sample when covariance estimation error and bias are balanced. The rule is performing at least as good as its peer group in this class of combined rules.
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Santos, Maria Inês Valente Pereira Trindade. "Evolution of tangent portfolios : an analysis of the european industries from 2000 to 2014." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/10704.
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Mestrado em Finanças<br>O objetivo do presente estudo é analisar o impacto de quatro grandes choques financeiros no mercado europeu de ações, por setor. Em particular, são analisadas as variações no ótimo de Markowitz (1952) de Carteiras Tangentes de Investidores Europeus. Estes são carteiras reais, sem erros de estimação. O período em análise é de 2000 a 2014, que compreende os seguintes choques financeiros: (i) 11 de Setembro, 2001; (ii) a crise Dot-Com, entre 2000 e 2001; (iii) a crise de hipotecas do sub-prime, entre 2007 e 2008; e (iv) a crise da dívida soberana europeia, durante 2011. Para o efeito, são utilizados como ativos subjacentes 16 índices de setores Europeus que incluem empresas de 16 países Europeus. A diminuição da diversificação em períodos de crise, embora mais suave para períodos de investimento mais curtos são alguns dos resultados desta investigação. No sentido de complementar a análise desenvolvida neste estudo, sugere-se que se componham Carteiras Tangentes reais através de índices de referência de países Europeus. Além disso, também se propõe uma extensão do período de tempo analisado, pelo menos até ao final de 2015, tendo em consideração os últimos desenvolvimentos em matéria de choques que têm afetado a Europa.<br>The aim of this study is to analyze the impact of four major financial shocks on European stock markets by sector. In particular, we analyze the variations in the optimal Markowitz (1952) Tangent Portfolios of European investors. These are real life portfolios, with no estimation errors. The period under analysis is from 2000 to 2014, which comprises the following shocks: (i) the 11th September, 2001; (ii) the Dot-Com crisis, during 2000-2001; (iii) the sub-prime mortgages crisis, during 2007-2008; and (iv) the European sovereign debt crisis, during 2011. We use 16 European sector indices as underlying assets, including companies from 16 European countries. Decreased diversification in crisis periods, although milder for shorter investment horizons are some of the findings of this investigation. Also, to complement the analysis carried out in this investigation, we suggest to compose real life Tangent Portfolios using reference indices of European countries. We also propose an extension of the data-range, at least until the end of 2015, given the latest developments regarding shocks affecting Europe.
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Sawwan, Charbel, and Nathan Lercier. "International Diversification for Swedish investors : A comparative study of different national and international scale portfolios." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-160407.
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This thesis aims to investigate the benefits of international diversification from a Swedish perspective. It presents a comparative study of the performance of different portfolios based on their degree of international diversification with a focus on Swedish investors frame of reference. Such a study is motivated by the contradictory literature about portfolio diversification and information portfolio theory that advocate for a more concentrated portfolio. It focuses solely on comparing portfolios constituted with major indices of a representative sample including countries from different parts of the world. The different scales of those portfolios start from a divided part of the Swedish economy to end with a global portfolio. We observed that international diversification can outperform the domestic portfolios when considering risk and return. In addition, we observed that the best performing portfolios over the periods are systematically concentrated on emerging countries and that the high return of those emerging countries is often not associated with a correspondingly high standard deviation as it should be expected. The best levers of performance that we identified as a result of this comparative study are, first, the strategy consisting in focusing on the most concentrated portfolios in order to maximize the return and then trying to time the market, thanks to a specialized information collection strategy, but this bear a high undiversifiable risk. Or second, adopting an intentionally diversified portfolio and collecting information about the most promising emerging markets that will be then over weighted in the portfolio to lower the risk and higher the return. Lastly, the study recommend that home-biased investors should change their behavior and consider international investments when building a portfolio.
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Jermann, Cyril. "Eclatement tourbillonnaire dans le sillage turbulent d'un véhicule générique." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM4340/document.
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La thèse est une contribution à l’étude des tourbillons longitudinaux qui se développent sur la lunette arrière des véhicules automobiles, dans l’idée de provoquer leur éclatement afin de réduire la traînée aérodynamique. On conçoit tout d’abord un système d’acquisition dénommé A-SPIV, permettant de reconstruire le champ moyen de vitesse 3D d’un sillage turbulent à partir de plans stéréo-PIV acquis par translation du système caméras-laser, sans qu’il soit nécessaire de le recalibrer. En complément, on propose une méthode de reconstruction de la pression moyenne reposant sur les données A-SPIV et sur une mesure de la pression pariétale. L’ensemble forme un nouveau protocole expérimental, validé dans le sillage d’un corps d’Ahmed 25° et dont les résultats à haut Reynolds sont comparés à la littérature existante. L'analyse topologique des tourbillons longitudinaux suggère l’existence d’un éclatement tourbillonnaire spontané dans le sillage proche, malgré l’absence de point de stagnation. On démontre formellement l’existence de cet éclatement par deux critères théoriques qui considèrent ce phénomène, soit comme la conséquence d’une réorganisation de la vorticité, soit comme la résultante d’une accumulation, en un point critique, d’ondes inertielles se propageant le long du tourbillon. Les analyses sous-jacentes sont menées dans un repère cylindrique attaché à l’axe tourbillonnaire et prédisent une même position d’éclatement, en bon accord avec la position singulière issue des mesures A-SPIV. La thèse se conclut par une analyse de stabilité globale de l'écoulement moyen qui suggère un lien possible entre l’éclatement et une instabilité globale de l’écoulement tourbillonnaire<br>This thesis is a contribution to the study of the longitudinal vortices developing in the near wake of ground vehicles, with the general purpose of reducing the aerodynamic drag by triggering the vortex breakdown phenomenon. We present a new data acquisition system called A-SPIV, allowing to reconstruct a 3D turbulent time-averaged velocity field from stereo-PIV planes measured by translation of the whole cameras-laser system, with no need to recalibrate. We also propose a method to reconstruct the mean pressure in the bulk from the A-SPIV data and from a dedicated wall static pressure measurement. This new overall experimental protocol is applied to a standard aerodynamic test-case, the 25° Ahmed body, all results being compared and validated at high turbulent Reynolds number against existing data from the literature. A thorough analysis of the longitudinal vortices suggests the occurrence of a spontaneous vortex breakdown in the near-wake, although there exist no stagnation point in the experimental data. Such vortex breakdown is therefore evidenced using two different theoretical criteria considering the phenomenon as the consequence of either a reorganization of the vorticity, or an accumulation of inertial waves propagating along the vortex core. The underlying analyses are carried out in a cylindrical system attached to the vortex axis and predict a single breakdown position, in good agreement with the singular position initially inferred from the A-SPIV data. The thesis ends with a global stability analysis of the turbulent mean flow suggesting a possible connection between the occurrence of vortex breakdown and a global instability of the longitudinal vortex
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Moyo, George. "Global burden of trichiasis in women as compared to men: Findings from the Global Trachoma Mapping Project." Master's thesis, Faculty of Health Sciences, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/11427/31765.
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The secondary analysis undertaken for this MPH dissertation examines the global prevalence of trichiasis in relation to gender in trachoma endemic countries. Part A is the research protocol which outlines the background and the process of this research. This study is a population-based analytical study using data from the Global Trachoma Mapping Project (GTMP). GTMP was a standardized population-based trachoma prevalence survey undertaken to provide trachoma prevalence estimates. GTMP data was collected using the World Health Organisation–recommended population based prevalence survey methodology. Trachoma suspect district were identified for inclusion and multistage random sampling was used to sample households for examination of residents for clinical trachoma. Part B presents the background and highlights the importance of this research by exploring the existing theoretical and empirical literature relevant to the topic. It describes how trachoma is transmitted, its clinical manifestations, and the way it can lead to blindness. Results from previous studies on gender and trichiasis are presented. Part C presents the research project in a format suitable for journal submission. The background of this research project is summarized and the meta-analysis is conducted at the global level, at the country level, the regional level, the state level and at the EU level but all in accordance to prevalence of trichiasis in the EUs. The implications of the findings are discussed and limitations in interpretation presented.
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Fonseca, Larissa Fernanda Simielli, Daniele Fernanda Jovino Gimenez, Santos Silva Danielly Beraldo dos, et al. "Differences in global gene expression in muscle tissue of Nellore cattle with divergent meat tenderness." BIOMED CENTRAL LTD, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/626423.
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Background: Meat tenderness is the consumer's most preferred sensory attribute. This trait is affected by a number of factors, including genotype, age, animal sex, and pre-and post-slaughter management. In view of the high percentage of Zebu genes in the Brazilian cattle population, mainly Nellore cattle, the improvement of meat tenderness is important since the increasing proportion of Zebu genes in the population reduces meat tenderness. However, the measurement of this trait is difficult once it can only be made after animal slaughtering. New technologies such as RNA-Seq have been used to increase our understanding of the genetic processes regulating quantitative traits phenotypes. The objective of this study was to identify differentially expressed genes related to meat tenderness, in Nellore cattle in order to elucidate the genetic factors associated with meat quality. Samples were collected 24 h postmortem and the meat was not aged. Results: We found 40 differentially expressed genes related to meat tenderness, 17 with known functions. Fourteen genes were up-regulated and 3 were down-regulated in the tender meat group. Genes related to ubiquitin metabolism, transport of molecules such as calcium and oxygen, acid-base balance, collagen production, actin, myosin, and fat were identified. The PCP4L1 (Purkinje cell protein 4 like 1) and BoLA-DQB (major histocompatibility complex, class II, DQ beta) genes were validated by qRT-PCR. The results showed relative expression values similar to those obtained by RNA-Seq, with the same direction of expression (i.e., the two techniques revealed higher expression of PCP4L1 in tender meat samples and of BoLA-DQB in tough meat samples). Conclusions: This study revealed the differential expression of genes and functions in Nellore cattle muscle tissue, which may contain potential biomarkers involved in meat tenderness.
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Ural, Mustafa. "Solution Of The Antenna Placement Problem By Means Of Global Optimization Techniques." Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12612674/index.pdf.
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In this thesis work, minimization of platform-based coupling between the antennas of two VHF radios on an aircraft platform and two HF radios on a ship platform is aimed. For this purpose<br>an optimal antenna placement, which yields minimum average coupling between the antennas over the whole frequency band of operation is determined for each platform. Two important global optimization techniques, namely Genetic Algorithm Optimization and Particle Swarm Optimization, are used in determination of these optimal antenna placements. Aircraft &<br>ship platforms and antennas placed on them are modeled based on their real electrical and physical properties in CST &ndash<br>MWS (Microwave Studio) simulation tool. For each platform, antenna placements and coupling results determined by two different optimization techniques and performances of these optimization techniques are compared with each other. At the end of this thesis work<br>for each platform, far-field radiation pattern performances of the antennas at their optimal places are analyzed in terms of directivity and coverage.
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Kong, Travis Shiu-ki. "The voices in between ... : the body politics of Hong Kong gay men." Thesis, University of Essex, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.327067.
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Kulaiappan, Palanisamy Hindumathi. "Le niveau de la mer actuel : variations globales et régionales." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30166/document.
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Le niveau de la mer est une des variables climatiques essentielles dont la variabilité résulte de nombreuses interactions complexes entre toutes les composantes du système climatique sur une large gamme d'échelles spatiales et temporelles. Au cours du XXème siècle, les mesures marégraphiques ont permis d'estimer la hausse du niveau de la mer global entre 1,6 mm/an et 1,8 mm/an. Depuis 1993, les observations faites par les satellites altimétriques indiquent une hausse du niveau de la mer plus rapide de 3,3 mm/an. Grâce à leur couverture quasi-globale, elles révèlent aussi une forte variabilité du niveau de la mer à l'échelle régionale, parfois plusieurs fois supérieure à la moyenne globale du niveau de la mer. Compte tenu de l'impact très négatif de l'augmentation du niveau de la mer pour la société, sa surveillance, la compréhension de ses causes ainsi que sa prévision sont désormais considérées comme des priorités scientifiques et sociétales majeures. Dans cette thèse, nous validons d'abord les variations du niveau de la mer mesurées par la nouvelle mission d'altimétrie satellitaire, SARAL-AltiKa, en comparant les mesures avec celles de Jason- 2 et des marégraphes. Un autre volet de cette première partie de thèse a consisté à estimer les parts respectives des facteurs responsables des variations du niveau de la mer depuis 2003 en utilisant des observations issues de l'altimétrie satellitaire (missions altimétrique Jason-1, Jason-2 et Envisat), de la mission GRACE, et des profils de température et salinité de l'océan par les flotteurs Argo. Une attention particulière est portée à la contribution de l'océan profond non 'vue' par Argo. Nous montrons que les incertitudes dues aux approches du traitement des données et aux erreurs systématiques des différents systèmes d'observation nous empêchent encore d'obtenir des résultats précis sur cette contribution. Dans la deuxième partie de la thèse, en utilisant les données de reconstruction du niveau de la mer dans le passé, nous étudions la variabilité régionale du niveau de la mer et estimons sa hausse totale (composante régionale plus moyenne globale) de 1950 à 2009 dans trois régions vulnérables: l'océan Indien, la mer de Chine méridionale et la mer des Caraïbes. Pour les sites où l'on dispose de mesures du mouvement de la croûte terrestre par GPS, nous évaluons la hausse locale du niveau de la mer relatif (hausse du niveau de la mer totale plus mouvement de la croûte locale) depuis 1950. En comparant les résultats de ces trois régions avec une étude précédente sur le Pacifique tropical, nous constatons que le Pacifique tropical présente la plus forte amplitude des variations du niveau de la mer sur la période d'étude. Dans la dernière partie de la thèse, nous nous concentrons par conséquent sur le Pacifique tropical. Nous analysons les rôles respectifs de la dynamique océanique, des modes de variabilité interne du climat et du forçage anthropique sur les structures de la variabilité régionale du niveau de la mer du Pacifique tropical depuis 1993. Nous montrons qu'une partie importante de la variabilité régionale du niveau de la mer du Pacifique tropical peut être expliquée par le mouvement vertical de la thermocline en réponse à l'action du vent. En tentant de séparer le signal correspondant au mode de variabilité interne du climat de celui de la hausse régionale du niveau de la mer dans le Pacifique tropical, nous montrons également que le signal résiduel restant (c'est-à-dire le signal total moins le signal de variabilité interne) ne correspond probablement pas à l'empreinte externe du forçage anthropique<br>Sea level is an integrated climate parameter that involves interactions of all components of the climate system (oceans, ice sheets, glaciers, atmosphere, and land water reservoirs) on a wide range of spatial and temporal scales. Over the 20th century, tide gauge records indicate a rise in global sea level between 1.6mm/yr and 1.8 mm/yr. Since 1993, sea level variations have been measured precisely by satellite altimetry. They indicate a faster sea level rise of 3.3 mm/yr over 1993-2015. Owing to their global coverage, they also reveal a strong regional sea level variability that sometimes is several times greater than the global mean sea level rise. Considering the highly negative impact of sea level rise for society, monitoring sea level change and understanding its causes are henceforth high priorities. In this thesis, we first validate the sea level variations measured by the new satellite altimetry mission, SARAL-AltiKa by comparing the measurements with Jason-2 and tide gauge records. We then attempt to close the global mean sea level budget since 2003 and estimate the deep ocean contribution by making use of observational data from satellite altimetry, Argo profiles and GRACE mission. We show that uncertainties due to data processing approaches and systematic errors of different observing systems still prevent us from obtaining accurate results. In the second part of the thesis, by making use of past sea level reconstruction, we study the patterns of the regional sea level variability and estimate climate related (global mean plus regional component) sea level change over 1950-2009 at three vulnerable regions: Indian Ocean, South China and Caribbean Sea. For the sites where vertical crustal motion monitoring is available, we compute the total relative sea level (i.e. total sea level rise plus the local vertical crustal motion) since 1950. On comparing the results from these three regions with already existing results in tropical Pacific, we find that tropical Pacific displays the highest magnitude of sea level variations. In the last part of the thesis, we therefore focus on the tropical Pacific and analyze the respective roles of ocean dynamic processes, internal climate modes and external anthropogenic forcing on tropical Pacific sea level spatial trend patterns since 1993. Building up on the relationship between thermocline and sea level in the tropical region, we show that most of the observed sea level spatial trend pattern in the tropical Pacific can be explained by the wind driven vertical thermocline movement. By performing detection and attribution study on sea level spatial trend patterns in the tropical Pacific and attempting to eliminate signal corresponding to the main internal climate mode, we further show that the remaining residual sea level trend pattern does not correspond to externally forced anthropogenic sea level signal. In addition, we also suggest that satellite altimetry measurement may not still be accurate enough to detect the anthropogenic signal in the 20 year tropical Pacific sea level trends
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Mabale, Thapelo. "Lebollo and Gender-Based Violence Perceptions of Men in Lesotho." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Internationell mödra- och barnhälsovård (IMCH), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-417752.
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Gender-based violence (GBV) has reached a state of epidemic proportion globally and in particular in Africa. There have been a few studies that have been conducted on GBV in Sub-Saharan Africa. Lesotho, situated in the heart of South Africa has one of the highest prevalence of GBV. An Ecological Framework by the WHO has divided the risk factors into individual, relationship, community and societal factors. Lebollo is overlapping with most factors but it is mainly an exclusive entity. Lebollo is the cultural circumcision of men and the most common cultural practice amongst Basotho men. Lebollo influences gender roles, normative perceptions and the behaviour of Basotho men. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of Lebollo on men’s perceptions on women beating in Lesotho. A cross-sectional study that is based on the DHS survey of Lesotho 2014 was used in this study. Basotho men, ages 15-55, with a sample size of 2921, were selected through a two-stage cluster sampling and completing a standardized questionnaire. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to analyse the data. Lebollo was not significantly associated with weakly rejecting GBV perceptions. This was the finding after adjusting for education and socioeconomic factors, that Lebollo was significantly associated with weakly rejecting GBV perceptions. Age, religion, education, wealth and Livential area were identified to affect men’s perceptions of GBV. Most men agreed to women beating with the justification of arguing with her husband. When the Null hypothesis was considered, it was found that Lebollo does not influence the GBV perceptions of men in Lesotho. This is in view of the fact that education and wealth was found to be the strongest predictors and influenced the association between Lebollo and women beating justification (confounders). The Legal and education system of Lesotho including Lebollo needs to be restructured and monitored.
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Longlands, Helen. "Men, masculinities and fatherhood in global finance : a study of hegemonic practices in London." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2014. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10021765/.
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This qualitative study examines global finance as a locus for two hegemonic processes associated with masculinity and spatial arrangements. It explores how the finance sector interrelates with the global city of London, and considers how structures and practices of global finance and the work and family lives of men employed in management in banking in London support, confirm or contest hegemony. It aims to reflect on ways these social practices may be re-¬‐configured to promote greater gender equality. Research comprises 7 case studies of fathers centred on semi-¬‐structured interviews with the men and their wives. It also draws on data from fieldnotes/observations of the City and family spaces, and online promotional material from 8 City banks. This thesis explores a gap in scholarship regarding the interrelationship of forms of hegemony linked with global finance in the City and family relations and social practices, and reflects on ways aspects of these local spaces are the product and producers of global forces. As the 2007/8 financial crisis highlighted, local practices can have serious far-¬‐reaching consequences. Analysis reveals the status of the men as bankers and fathers and their access to financial and political power is constituted and reinforced in work and family contexts in ways which confirm and normalise gender inequalities. Patriarchal work practices that favour forms of highly competitive working, and patriarchal family relations, are normalised. Social practices which interrelate with the global city, finance industry and family perpetuate the elite positioning of men working in management in City finance and feed into a cyclical process of privilege transference for their children. Potential crisis tendencies which might contest hegemony, particularly those relating to the 2007/8 financial crisis and hands--on caregiving ideals of fatherhood, are discussed. The thesis suggests, however, the processes of hegemony in global finance are strong and enduring.
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Sjödin, Jörgen. "Swedish district heating systems and a harmonised European energy market : means to reduce global carbon emissions /." Linköping : Univ, 2003. http://www.bibl.liu.se/liupubl/disp/disp2003/tek795s.pdf.
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Rufin, Philippe. "A global to regional scale assessment of dam-induced agricultural change by means of remote sensing." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/20125.
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Landwirtschaftliche Produktionssysteme basieren in vielen Weltregionen auf dem Einsatz von Bewässerung. Staudämme stellen einen Großteil der benötigten Wasserressourcen, jedoch wurden Zusammenhänge zwischen Staudämmen und Veränderungen im Landsystem bis heute kaum erforscht. Im Hinblick auf die steigende Nachfrage nach landwirtschaftlichen Erzeugnissen bedarf es eines besseren Verständnisses des Zusammenhangs zwischen Staudämmen, Bewässerung und landwirtschaftlichen Produktionssystemen. Daten und Methoden der Fernerkundung liefern synoptische und räumlich detaillierte Aufnahmen der Erdoberfläche mit großem Potential für die Untersuchung von landwirtschaftlichen Produktionssystemen. Das Hauptziel dieser Arbeit war es, das gegenwärtige Verständnis des Zusammenhangs von Bewässerungsstaudämmen und Landsystemen mit Mitteln der Fernerkundung zu verbessern. In dieser Arbeit wurden großflächige Beschreibungen globaler und regionaler Agrarsysteme generiert, welche nachdrücklich das Potential von Daten und Methoden aus der Fernerkundung hervorheben. Das hohe thematische, räumliche und zeitliche Detail der Ergebnisse erlaubte einzigartige Einblicke in die raumzeitlichen Dynamiken von Bewässerungsfeldwirtschaft. Die im Zuge dieser Arbeit entstandenen Ergebnisse, Methoden, und Datensätze tragen maßgeblich zum heutigen Wissensstand in Bezug auf den Zusammenhang zwischen Bewässerungsstaudämmen und Landnutzungsintensität bei und liefern wichtige Einblicke zur Verbesserung zukünftiger Produktionsstrukturen.<br>A growing world population, and increasing demands for food, feed, fuel and fiber, substantially add pressure on the global land system. The construction of dams is a common strategy for boosting production outputs through irrigation. Reservoirs represent the most important source of irrigation water globally, but their effects on agricultural land systems are only poorly understood. Remote sensing emerges as a key tool for enabling spatially explicit assessments of dam-induced land system change due to its ability to provide spatially detailed, frequent, and synoptic observations of the land surface. The overall goal of this thesis was to assess the effects of irrigation dams on agricultural land systems on a global and regional scale, by making use of state-of-the art remote sensing data products and methods. A synthesis of the current scientific literature offered primary insights into dam-induced changes in agricultural systems, and raised the hypothesis that irrigation dams caused overall increases in agricultural land use intensity. On a global scale, satellite-based measurements of cropping frequency derived from MODIS-based map products attested to this finding, albeit a strong regional variability was apparent. Landsat-based time series methods were used on a national to regional scale, which further revealed strong spatio-temporal dynamics of irrigated agriculture. The results of this thesis add knowledge and spatially explicit insights on the effects of dams on agricultural land systems. The work further emphasizes the important role of remote sensing technologies in exploring future pathways of agricultural intensification.
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van, Graas Frank. "Hybrid GPS/LORAN-C: A next-generation of sole means air navigation." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 1988. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1171674578.
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Lundström, Markus. "The winner of the expanding meat industry : A study of the power structures within the production chain of beef meat produced in Brazil and consumed in Sweden." Thesis, Södertörn University College, School of Life Sciences, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-1157.
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<p>The overall purpose of this study is to examine what consequences might be connected to Swedish meat consumption. To illustrate this, the production chain of beef meat, produced in Brazil and consumed in Sweden, has been mapped and investigated. The analytical focus of this study has been on power distribution within the chain, aiming to outline its socio-economic consequences in the Brazilian context. The empirical data was collected partly from secondary sources, but also from primary sources through interviews with key informants in the buyer-end of the production chain. The Global Value Chain approach served as a methodology for mapping the production chain and as a theoretical device for analysing the embedded power structures.</p><p>The main result, besides an overview of the beef production chain, was an identification of the chain as buyer-driven. Power is particularly concentrated around supermarket chains, which have very specific requirements on production and processing, implemented by the importing firms, thus also having a huge influence. Power concentration was also discovered in the levels of farming and processing, where the number of acting units declines frequently. The Swedish beef consumption thus seems to contribute, however small-scaled, to the process of power concentration along the chain of production, making market entrance a scarce asset. Potential socio-economic consequences of this process, besides unequal access to influence, might be longer travels or changed city of residence for workers, or even employment losses due to inadequate education. Low-income consumers might become vulnerable since cheap low-quality meat becomes inaccessible. Moreover, this thesis has also raised additional questions, suitable for further research, regarding the impacts of Swedish meat consumption.</p>
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Mota, Bruce Fonseca. "Influencia dos ingredientes utilizados no processo de marinação sobre a aparencia global de lagarto (M. semitendinosus) bovino marinado." [s.n.], 2005. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/255092.
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Orientador: Marise Aparecida Rodrigues Pollonio<br>Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-05T00:19:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
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Previous issue date: 2005<br>Resumo: O presente trabalho foi dividido em duas etapas. Na primeira etapa avaliou-se o efeito dos ingredientes (sal, tripolifosfato de sódio, vinagre, alho e cebola em pó e maltodextrina), presentes em diferentes formulações de salmoura de marinação sobre aparência de lagarto (M. semitendinosus) bovino injetado com estas salmouras segundo um planejamento fatorial fracionário 2 5-1. Também foramanalisados o rendimento do processo de marinação e o pH dos cortes cárneos, para que se tentasse correlacioná-los com parâmetros de cor L, a e b dos mesmos. Nos níveis estudados, constatou-se que o sal e o tripolifosfato de sódio apresentaram efeito estaticamente significativo (p<0,05) sobre o rendimento do processo de marinação, melhorando-o. Quando estes dois ingredientes estiveram presentes conjuntamente na salmoura de marinação, os redimentos foram ainda melhores. Além, disso o tripolifosfato de sódio também mostrou desempenhar efeito sobre o pH (p<0,05) das peças de lagarto bovino injetadas, aumentando-o. O sal e o tripolifosfato de sódio também apresentaram efeito estaticamente significativo, sobre o parâmentro de cor L (p<0,05), sendo que cortes cárneos marinados com salmoura contendo estes ingredientes ficaram maisescuros (menorL). Existiu, ainda uma correlação entre o parâmetrode cor L e o rendomento do processo durante a estocagem dos produtos marinados, sendo que quanto mais escuros os cortes cárneos (menor L), melhores são os redimentos do processo. Em seguida, foi realizado um teste sensorial da aparência onde o tripolifosfato de sódio desempenhou efeito (p<0,05) sobre os escores médicos de aceitação sensorial conferidos pelos consumidores à aparência dos cortes cárneos de lagarto bovino injetados. Cortes cárneos marinados em salmoura contendo este ingrediente, receberam escores, em média, maiores que os demais. Baseando-se nos resultafos da avaliação sensorial da parência foram selecionadas três formulações de salmoura para a segunda etapa, onde se avaliou a influência do tempo e temperatura de estocagem ( 5°C/ cinco dias ou -18°C / dois meses),da presença ou não do vácuo durante a embalagem e do processo de cozimento sobre a aparência dos cortes cárneos de lagarto bovino injetadis. Além disso, foram analisados os rendimentos do processo de marinação, as pedras de peso após o cozimento, o pH e a composição centesinal dos cortes cárneos marinados, a fim de tentar correlaciona-los com a aparência. Constatou-se que o tempo e temperatura de estocagem apresentaram efeito significativo (p<0,05) sobre o rendimento do processo de marinação, sobre as perdas de peso dos cortes cárneos após o cozimento, sobre o pH e o parâmentro de cor L. Já a forma de embalagem apresentou efeito apenas sobre os parâmetros de cor a e b, sendo que par algumas formulações estudadas apresentou efeito também sobre parâmetro de cor L. Além disso, em algumas combinações de formulação, tempo e temperatura de estocagem e forma de embalagem foi possivel estabelecer correlações entre o pH, o redimento do processo de marinação e as perdas de peso após o cozimento com os parâmetros de cor L, a, b. Finalmente , através da análise de aceitação sensorial da aparência dos cortes de lagartos bovino injetados antes e após o cozimento, perdeu-se que tanto o tempo e a temperatura de estogagem, quanto a forma de embalagem apresentam efeito estatisticamente significativo (p<0,05) sobre os escores de aceitação sensorial conferidos pelos provadores à aparência dos cortes cárneos marinados<br>Abstract: This study could be divided into two stages. In the first stage, the effects of the ingredients (salt, sodium tripolyphosphate, vinegar, powered garlic and onion appearance of eye round (M. semitendinosus) beef injected with this brines, according to a fractional factorial design 2 5-1, was valued. The marination process performance and the pH of the beef cuts was also analyzed, so that correlations among color parameters L , a e b and these could be done. In the studied levels, it could be proved that salt and spdium tripolyphosphate presented significant statistically effect (p<0,05) on the marination process performance, improvong that. When these two ingredients were present together in the enhancing brine, the performance was still better. Besides, sodium trypoliphosphate also showed to play effect on the pH (p<0,05) of the enhanced eye round beef cuts, increasing that. Salt and spdium tripolyphosphate also presented significant statistically effect (p<0,05) on color parameter L, so that beef cuts enhaced with brine containing these ingredients was darker (smaller L) beef cuts, presents better process performance. Next, a sensorial acceptance test was realized, where sodium trypolisphosphate played effect (p<0,05) on sensorial acceptance average scores awarded by the consumers for the apperance of injected, received, in average, grater scores than others. Based on the results of appearance sensory evaluation, three brine formulations was selected for the second stage, where the influence of storage time and temperature (5°C / five days or - 18°c / two months), of the presence or absence of vacuum during packaging, and of cooking process over apperance of injected eye round beef cuts was evaluated. Besides, the pH, the marination process performance, the weighting loss after cooking process, and the composition of enhanced beef cuts were analyzed so that it could be correlated to beef cuts apperance. It has been proved that storage time and temperature showed significsnt effect (p<0,05) on the marination process performance, on the weighting loss of beef cuts after cooking process, on the pH and on the color parameter L. Packaging type showed effect only on the color parameter L too. Besides, in some brine formulation, storage time and temperature, and packaging type combinations it was possible to correlate pH, the marination process performance and the weighting loss after cooking with color parameters L a, b. For last, it was realized, through appearance sensorial accepatence test, that storage time and temperature, and also packaging type showed statistically significant effect (p<0,05) on the sensorial acceptance scores awarded by the consumers for the apperance of enhanced beef cuts<br>Mestrado<br>Mestre em Tecnologia de Alimentos
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Abbott, Gerald D. Jr. "Both Sides of Our Mouths: Contemporary Legends as a Means of Dissent in a Time of Global Modernism." UKnowledge, 2013. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/comm_etds/11.
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The legend is a permanent fixture of human societies. Though the legends themselves are permanent, their functions and meanings can fluctuate as the context in which they are told and retold shifts. As societies move through history, certain authoritative institutions create narratives that direct those societies and frame debates within them. Issues neglected by these institutions yet experienced by members of the population can be said to be unconstructed. Social problems that have achieved some level of construction inevitably provoke those who dissent from those constructions.
In these situations, members of a society look for alternative means for talking about these problems. Often they turn to the contemporary legend for this purpose. This study reviews a sample of the most popular legends in the early part of 2012 to determine the ways members of American society were dealing with the unconstructed social problems of that time.
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Forell, Burkhard. "A methodology to assess species yields of compartment fires by means of an extended global equivalence ratio concept." Braunschweig : Techn. Univ., Inst. für Baustoffe, Massivbau und Brandschutz, 2007. http://www.gbv.de/dms/bs/toc/527844802.pdf.
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Small, Aaron Alexander. "Gamification as a means of improving performance in human operator processes." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/111585.
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Thesis: M.B.A., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, in conjunction with the Leaders for Global Operations Program at MIT, 2017.<br>Thesis: S.M. in Engineering Systems, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Engineering, Institute for Data, Systems, and Society, in conjunction with the Leaders for Global Operations Program at MIT, 2017.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (pages 41-42).<br>The Amazon fulfillment center network is the backbone of Amazon's e-commerce business. To achieve higher efficiency and lower cost, Amazon invests heavily in robotic technology. In some buildings, robots automatically store and retrieve shelving units, delivering them to operators who can interact with product at fixed stations. This has greatly increased throughput in buildings with the technology, while adding new constraints. During periods of peak demand, throughput is limited by the number of stations available and the average operator rate at those stations. This thesis examines how this constraint can be relieved by increasing average operator rate. Time-in-motion studies, video analysis, historical data analytics, and A/B testing suggest that modifications to the station design and operator process do not yield consistent sustainable improvements in performance. Learning curve analysis suggests that operator motivation and engagement are key factors in driving increased performance. Operators perform at a rate of roughly 239 units per hour stowed, with a standard deviation of 48 units per hour. However, operators demonstrate an average maximum sustainable rate of 283 units per hour with a standard deviation of 64 units per hour. Review of available research on motivation and engagement suggests that gamification methods could be cheaply and easily employed to increase operator motivation and engagement, and have realized 30% improvements in similar manufacturing settings. A cost analysis shows that a similar implementation at Amazon is likely to yield a high return on investment, with a base-case net present project value of over $100 million. The thesis concludes by describing a custom gamification system for Amazon that could efficiently alleviate the throughput bottleneck for one type of operator station. This approach is not only widely applicable across different process at Amazon, but also similar human operator processes in the manufacturing and warehouse settings.<br>by Aaron Alexander Small.<br>M.B.A.<br>S.M. in Engineering Systems
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Frostensson, Ida, and Louise Granquist. "Borta bra, men hemma bäst? : En studie om ledarskap i en interkulturell kontext." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Ekonomihögskolan, ELNU, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-35352.
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The aim of this thesis is to create an understanding about how and to what extent a Swedish expatriate manager needs to adapt his/her leadership in accordance with the culture of the host country. Thus shall different managers’ perceptions of experienced management overseas be studied. To accomplish our aim, three different problems have been designed. These are as follows: In what way does the manager’s earlier experiences and knowledge about expatriation affect her or his leadership in a new cross-cultural context? How does the culture of the host country affect the expatriate manager’s leadership? How does the expatriate manager handle contradictory demands: that is differences in expectations from subordinates and the higher management? We have chosen to use an abductive approach in order to do a qualitative study and we have therefore conducted eight case studies to create a foundation for distinguishing patterns.The case studies are based on eight Swedish managers with experience from expatriation. The theoretical framework is structured upon three main themes including; knowledge and skills a global leader needs to possess, the relation between the leader and subordinates, and contradictory demands. The theory is followed by a combined empirical data- and analysis chapter where we present our eight respondents, whom are then analyzed and interpreted based on the theory. In the empirical data- and analysis chapter the patterns we have been able to distinguish presented. The three main themes are consistently throughout this chapter. The conclusion of the study is that a managers experiences and knowledges affects his or her leadership and perception of the culture in the host country. Furthermore, we can conclude that a Swedish leadership is applicable in an international context, and that contradictory demands are more distinct at home than in the host country. Finally we can summarize our study by stating that home is good, but overseas may be just as good.<br>Syftet med denna uppsats är att få en förståelse för hur och i vilken utsträckning en svensk utstationerad ledare behöver anpassa sig och sitt ledarskap efter kulturen i värdlandet. Följaktligen skall olika ledares uppfattningar om tidigare utlandsstationeringar undersökas. För att uppnå syftet med studien har vi utformat tre problemformuleringar. Studiens problemformuleringar är som följande; På vilket sätt påverkar ledarens tidigare erfarenheter och kunskaper rörande utlandsstationering hennes/hans ledarskap i ett nytt tvärkulturellt sammanhang? Hur påverkas en ledares ledarstil av kulturen i värdlandet? Hur hanterar utstationerade ledare motstridiga krav, det vill säga skillnader i förväntningar från medarbetarna och den högre ledningen? Vidare har vi valt att använda oss av en abduktiv ansats för att genomföra en kvalitativ forskningsstrategi och tillämpat åtta fallstudier för att skapa underlag för att kunna urskilja mönster. Fallstudierna baseras på åtta svenska ledare med erfarenhet av utlandsstationering. Den teoretiska referensramen är strukturerad efter tre huvudteman som innefattar; kunskaper och kompetenser en global ledare bör besitta, relationen mellan ledare och medarbetare, samt motstridiga krav. Teorin följs av ett kombinerat empiri- och analysavsnitt där det redogörs för studiens åtta respondenter, som sedan analyseras och tolkas utifrån teorin. I empiri- och analyskapitlet presenteras de mönster vi har kunnat urskilja. Studiens tre huvudteman är även genomgående för empiri- och analyskapitlet. Studiens slutsats påvisar att en ledares tidigare erfarenheter och kunskaper påverkar dennes ledarskap och uppfattning av kulturen i värdlandet. Vidare kan vi konkludera att ett svenskt ledarskap är tillämpningsbart i en internationell kontext, samt att motstridiga krav är mer påtagliga på hemmaplan än i värdlandet. Avslutningsvis kan vi sammanfatta att hemma må vara bäst, men borta är nog minst lika bra.
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Lucier, Cristina. "Behind the Screen: The Changing Face of E-Waste Politics and What it Means for Environmental Justice." Thesis, Boston College, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:104178.
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Thesis advisor: Brian J. Gareau<br>For my dissertation research, I am focused on the sociopolitical relations of electronics disposal, a less-considered but increasingly important stage in the life cycle of electronics. Although much has already been written on the global trade in hazardous wastes, the Basel Convention that regulates this trade, and the environmental injustice of the global waste trade--with wealthy countries dumping the "negative externalities" of their consumption on vulnerable communities in the global South--the reality today appears to be more complex. Regulators in the Basel Convention and the UN Environment Program, as well as civil society actors in industry and NGOs, have an increased interest in promoting the development of markets and infrastructure in high tech e-waste recycling. Historically, e-wastes have been both talked about, and treated as, a toxic and unwanted byproduct of the digital age. However, today key actors in the regulatory, industrial and civil society spheres are now discussing e-wastes as critical "resources" for economic and technological development. I hypothesize that uncovering the economic, technological and geopolitical drivers of this shift will reveal that the global trade in e-wastes can no longer be described as a clear-cut North/South, "perpetrator-victim," scenario, rather, it must be seen as a dynamic process where environmental inequalities are mitigated and reconstituted in new forms and at various sites. I identify two dominant paradigms that scholars, activists, policy makers and industry actors employ in evaluating the global trade in electronic wastes. I label these two paradigms the "environmental justice evaluation" and the "resource capture evaluation." By engaging concepts from global political economy and environmental sociology (particularly, O'Connor 1979; Harvey 2003; Pellow 2003) and applying them to my case, my dissertation attempts to bring a nuanced perspective to the e-waste debate. My initial findings suggest that both of these frameworks do not account for the key economic processes that are driving the e-waste trade. A better understanding of these processes will better illuminate the pathway to finding meaningful solutions to the persistent, presently illegal global trade in discarded electronics. My data consists of a comprehensive examination of meeting archives from the Basel Convention (where the experts and political decision makers on this issue implement policies that affect the global e-waste trade) spanning from 1992 to the present, as well as reviews of the proceedings of other relevant actors in e-waste policy (for example, annual meetings of the global organization StEP, and publications and pamphlets from trade organizations in the US and abroad and publications from the US government). In addition, I conducted semi-structured interviews with 25 key actors in the national regulatory, global regulatory, industry and NGO spheres in order to understand how the key decision makers in the e-waste trade understand the drivers and implications of the shift "from waste to resources." Finally, I draw on ethnographic observations conducted at a pivotal Basel Convention meeting in 2011, where a decision was made that has the potential to fundamentally reshape the Basel Convention and enable increased global trade in discarded electronics through the development of formalized recycling centers in less-developed countries<br>Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2014<br>Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences<br>Discipline: Sociology
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Miritz, Luciane Dittgen. "A competitividade da cadeia de valor global da carne de frango: o caso da Mais Frango Miraguaí LTDA." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2016. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/3151.
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The world economy has changed dramatically over the last three decades in the twentieth century, especially in the areas of international trade and industrial organization. Within this new global configuration, markets have expanded and affected the industries organization and the value chain of companies, requiring new policies from countries to deal with changes in international environment. This thesis aims to analyze the Global Value Chain (GVC) of poultry meat produced by the agribusiness Mais Frango Miraguaí LTDA, in Rio Grande do Sul/Brazil, and to determine, from this company, the origin of their export competitiveness. Thus, the GVC of agribusiness Mais Frango Miraguaí Ltda was described; the stimuli for poultry breeders and for the slaugterhouse in GVC were determined; the competitive advantage of agribusiness in the production of poultry meat to international market was evaluated; and the effects of policies over financial costs in GVC were identified. For this, were analyzed the agribusiness GVC, through interviews with company managers, technical assistance and farmers, and data were collected considering production costs, referring to September 2015. The coordinator link of GVC is the slaugterhouse, adding to this upstream farmers and other input suppliers, and downstream the consumer market, domestic and external market. The competitiveness of the chain was analyzed by the Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM), which has proven its efficiency with Shawarma product produced (breast and boneless drumstick in a whole piece). The GVC is competitive, since it presents private prices and profits, it has comparative advantage, and the social profits are also positive, even the chain being aggravated by taxes and social charges. It was found that the captive coordination, through the existing integration agreements between the slaugterhouse and the producer, the use of high genetic standard, strict sanitary management, efficient management and product value added, are the main competitive elements of this chain.<br>A economia mundial mudou acentuadamente nas últimas três décadas do século XX, especialmente nas áreas de comércio internacional e organização industrial. Dentro dessa nova configuração global os mercados ampliaram e afetaram a organização das indústrias e a cadeia de valor das empresas, exigindo novas políticas dos países para fazer frente às alterações no ambiente internacional. Esta tese tem por objetivo analisar a Cadeia de Valor Global (CVG) da carne de frango produzida pela agroindústria Mais Frango Miraguaí Ltda., no Rio Grande do Sul, e determinar, a partir da empresa, a fonte de sua competitividade nas exportações. Desta forma foi descrita a CVG da agroindústria Mais Frango Miraguaí Ltda.; determinou-se os estímulos para os criadores de frango e para o frigorífico na CVG; foi avaliada a vantagem competitiva da agroindústria na produção de carne de frango para o mercado internacional; e identificou-se os efeitos das nos custos praticados na CVG. Para tal foram analisadas a CVG da agroindústria, através de entrevistas com os gestores da empresa, com a assistência técnica e com produtores rurais, e foram coletados dados relacionados aos custos de produção, referentes à setembro de 2015. O elo coordenador da CVG é o frigorífico, tendo este a montante os produtores rurais e demais fornecedores de insumos, e a jusante o mercado consumidor, no mercado interno e externo. A competitividade da cadeia foi analisada por meio da Matriz de Análise de Políticas (MAP), onde se comprovou sua eficiência com o produto Shawarma (peito e coxas desossadas em uma peça inteira) produzido pelo estabelecimento representativo. A CVG é competitiva, visto que esta apresenta lucros a preços privados e possui vantagem comparativa, sendo que os lucros sociais são também positivos, mesmo a cadeia sendo agravada pela carga tributária e encargos sociais. Constatou-se que a coordenação cativa, através dos contratos de integração existente entre o frigorífico e o produtor, a utilização de alto padrão genético, rigoroso manejo sanitário, gerenciamento eficiente e agregação de valor ao produto, são os principais elementos que constituem a competitividade desta cadeia.
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Amiot, Ikraam. "Coping strategies of men who have been sexually abused in childhood : A qualitative metasynthesis." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Internationell mödra- och barnhälsovård (IMCH), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-385508.
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Estimates on the prevalence of childhood sexual abuse on boys vary from 8% to 35% globally. These figures are known to be well below the actual numbers that are believed to be much higher than those found in official data. Most cases of childhood sexual abuse are never reported, boys are less likely to report sexual abuse and if they ever do, they do so up to 10-20 years later than girls with similar experiences. This metasynthesis adds to the scarce qualitative literature on coping of male victims. It brings together the types of coping strategies men with histories of childhood sexual abuse use and allows for deeper understanding on how men cope with childhood sexual abuse. Aim: To explore coping strategies used by men who have been affected by childhood sexual abuse Method: A qualitative metasynthesis Findings: Men affected by childhood sexual abuse reported the use of several coping strategies throughout their lives. These coping strategies were adapted to changes in their social environment. Meaningful inter-personal relationships were found to influence which coping strategies victims would resort to. Not all men felt affected by their experiences of childhood sexual abuse and some reject to be labelled as victims, while others felt empowered by the recognition of their victimhood. Conclusion: Men reported using similar coping strategies in different settings, but with different outcomes. Social support and social awareness about male victimisation were found to affect coping strategies used by men who have been affected by childhood sexual abuse.
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Dieng, Habib Boubacar. "Variations actuelles du niveau de la mer." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30003/document.
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Depuis le début des années 1990 on suit l'évolution globale du niveau de la mer grâce aux satellites altimétriques. Ils observent une hausse du niveau moyen global de la mer (GMSL) de 3.4 ± 0.4 mm/an sur la période 1993-2016 (ce qui représente le double de ce qui a été observé au cours du 20ème siècle par les marégraphes, hausse à 1.7 mm/an entre 1900 et 1990). Le GMSL présente aussi des fluctuations interannuelles qui peuvent atteindre quelques millimètres, surtout pendant les épisodes ENSO. Cette hausse n'est pas régionalement uniforme : elle a été 3 fois plus rapide que la hausse moyenne globale dans certaines zones entre 1993 et 2016. Au cours du 21ème siècle, on s'attend à une hausse accrue du GMSL pouvant aller jusqu'à 1 m à l'horizon 2100, avec une forte variabilité régionale. Il est donc important de comprendre l'évolution actuelle du niveau des océans qui constitue une menace sérieuse pour de nombreuses régions côtières basses souvent très peuplées. Cette thèse s'inscrit dans le contexte du projet niveau de la mer CCI (Climate Change Initiative) de l'Agence Spatiale Européenne (ESA) ayant pour objectif de fournir de meilleurs produits du niveau de la mer combinant les missions Topex/Poseidon, Jason-1/2, ERS-1/2 et Envisat. L'objectif premier de cette thèse est de valider ces produits SL_CCI du niveau de la mer en utilisant différentes approches, en particulier par l'étude du bilan (comparaison du GMSL observé avec la somme des différentes contributions : composante stérique, fonte des glaces continentales et transferts d'eau depuis les terres émergées). Un autre objectif est d'estimer les composantes du niveau de la mer mal connues, et tout particulièrement le contenu thermique de l'océan profond non mesurable par le système Argo, et la contribution du stock d'eau sur les continents. Ces travaux ont montré que la contribution de l'océan profond en dessous de 2000m est faible sur la période 2005-2013 et contenue dans la barre d'incertitudes des données (erreurs qui proviennent essentiellement, (1) des produits niveau de la mer altimétriques et des lacunes de la couverture géographique des données Argo dans la région Indonésienne pour la tendance et (2) des produits GRACE et Argo pour la variabilité interannuelle). Nos résultats et la méthode utilisée montrent que le niveau de la mer et ses composantes sont encore entachés d'erreurs importantes. Dans la deuxième partie, nous avons analysé l'influence du phénomène ENSO (El Niño et La Niña) sur les variations interannuelles du GMSL. Nous montrons que lors des évènements La Niña comme celui de 2010-2011, le déficit de précipitations sur l'océan (et l'excès sur les continents) conduit à une baisse temporaire de la masse de l'océan global et donc du niveau de la mer. C'est essentiellement la variation de masse de l'océan qui explique la variabilité interannuelle du niveau de la mer lors des évènements ENSO, et le déficit (La Niña) ou excès (El Niño) de masse se trouve confiné dans l'océan Pacifique tropical Nord. Pour finir, nous analysons l'évolution de la température moyenne de l'air et de l'océan en surface sur la période du "hiatus" (2003-2013). Nous montrons que ce hiatus, c'est à dire le ralentissement récent de la hausse de la température moyenne globale de la Terre est un phénomène quasi global, même si le Pacifique tropical Est s'est fortement refroidi. Cette "supposée" pause récente s'explique par la variabilité naturelle interne du climat. La Terre est toujours en état de déséquilibre énergétique dû à l'accumulation de gaz à effet de serre. Nous mettons en évidence le rôle de la variabilité naturelle à court terme sur les changements à plus long terme associés au réchauffement climatique anthropique<br>Since the early 1990s sea level is routinely measured using high-precision altimeter satellites. These observe a rise in global mean sea level (GMSL) of 3.4 ± 0.4 mm/yr over the 1993-2016 period (which is twice what has been observed during the 20th century by the tide gauges, with a rise of 1.7 +/- 0.3 mm/yr). The interannual variability in the GMSL can reach several millimeters, especially during ENSO events. The rate of sea level rise is not regionally uniform. During the altimetry era, it was three times faster than the global mean in some areas. During the 21st century, we expect a greater rise of the GMSL than today, up to 1 m in 2100, with strong regional variability. It is therefore important to understand the current evolution of the sea level, since it represents a serious threat to many low coastal areas, often densely populated of the planet. My thesis research deals with the Sea Level CCI (Climate Change Initiative) project of the European Space Agency (ESA) which objective is to provide improved sea level products combining several altimetry missions, including Topex/Poseidon, Jason-1/2, ERS-1/2 and Envisat. The primary objective of my thesis was to validate the CCI sea level products using different approaches, in particular the sea level budget approach. It consists of comparing the observed GMSL with the sum of different contributions : the steric component, melting of continental ice and transfers of water between the land surface and oceans. Another objective was to estimate the poorly known components to sea level rise, in particular the heat content of the deep ocean not measurable by Argo, and the contribution of water storage on the land. My work has shown that the contribution of the deep ocean below 2000m to the rising sea level is small over the 2005-2013 periods and not significant compared to the data uncertainties. The main uncertainties come from: (1) -in terms of trend- the altimetry sea level products and gaps in the geographical coverage of Argo data in the Indonesian region, and (2) -in terms of interannual variability- the GRACE and Argo products. My results and the method used show that the sea level and its components are still affected by important errors. In the second part, I analyzed the influence of ENSO (El Niño and La Niña) on the interannual variations of the GMSL. I showed that during La Niña events, like that of 2010-2011, the rainfall deficit over the ocean (and excess over the continents) leads to a temporary decrease in the global ocean mass and therefore in the GMSL. This is essentially the ocean mass variation that explains the interannual variability of the GMSL during ENSO events. Furthermore, the deficit (La Niña) or excess (El Niño) ocean mass is confined in the north tropical Pacific Ocean. Finally, I analyzed the evolution of the average temperature of air and ocean surface over the period of the "hiatus" (2003-2013). I showed that this hiatus, i.e. the recent slowdown in the rise of the global mean Earth's temperature is an almost global phenomenon, though cooling of the tropical eastern Pacific has slightly contributed. This recent pause is attributable to natural internal climate variability. The Earth is indeed still in a state of energetic imbalance due to the accumulation of greenhouse gases. I highlighted the role of the natural variability that is superimposed to the anthropogenic global warming
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Ohlsson, Anna. "Att hylla livet, men rädas dess framtid : Den globala uppvärmningen genom Bob Hanssons ögon." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-160857.
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The main purpose of this thesis is to investigate the possibility to communicate messagesrelated to sustainable development through cultural works. Culture is here synonymous toliterature or, more specifically, the fiction genre. According to ecocritical research, this genrehas the capacity to contribute to a more sustainable development and is therefore interestingto analyse from an environmental point of view.The novel selected for the study is Vips så blev det liv - eller en hyllning till blågrönalgen(2010), written by the Swedish author Bob Hansson. The analysis is mainly focused on howthe book’s climate related messages are formulated and integrated in the story. Alsoconsidered is in what way Hansson’s strategies are compatible with the expectations raisedtowards the fiction genre within the context of sustainable development; expectations thatinclude the ability to evoke emotion, to convey new values and perspectives, and to act as alink between different parts of society.One conclusion to be drawn from the analysis is that Hansson approaches the climate issuein several ways. For example, Vips så blev det liv reflects both anthropocentric and bio-/ecocentric values, and the messages are delivered in an informative as well as in anillustrative manner. Moreover, the literary tropes give the book an emotional touch, whichmay help the reader to comprehend the information. In other words, the methods used are to alarge extent in line with the above mentioned expectations towards the fiction genre.What is however important to remember, is that the book includes several parallel themesand many comic episodes. For that reason, it cannot be taken for granted that the reader willpay much attention to the climate messages; however emotional, multidisciplinary andunconventional they may be. This highlights the difficulty in predicting the response to acertain cultural work. In order to understand its true potential in terms of communicatingmessages for a sustainable development, it is therefore essential to analyse the whole chainthat links the creator of the work to its recipients.
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Pavlik, Kimberly Anne. "A Global Perception on Contemporary Slavery in the Middle East North Africa Region." Thesis, Walden University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10790470.
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<p> Although human trafficking continues to be a growing problem around the world, there are scarce quantitative methodologies for evidence-based research because it is hard to gather reliable and comparable data on human trafficking. It is also difficult to track patterns in human trafficking on a regional or global scale because the victims are a vulnerable population. Using Datta and Bales conceptualization of modern slavery as the theoretical foundation, the primary purpose of this study was to establish a baseline measurement of trafficking predictors in the Middle East North Africa (MENA) as well as understand the statistical relationship between measurements of corruption, democracy, state of peace, and terrorism on the prevalence of contemporary slavery in the MENA region. Data were collected from the 2016 Global Terrorism Index, 2016 Democracy Index, 2016 Corruption Perception Index, 2016 Global Slavery Index, and the 2016 Global Peace Index and analyzed using multiple linear regression. The results of the study showed that corruption (<i>p</i>=.017) and state of peace (<i>p</i>=.039) were significant predictors for contemporary slavery in the MENA region. Whereas, terrorism and democracy were not significant predictors. The positive social change implications of this study include recommendations to the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) to create a central repository for the archival of human trafficking data. The creation of this archive will promote a more accurate accounting of a vulnerable population such as victims of trafficking, thereby increasing awareness of contemporary slavery among law enforcement, policy makers, and scholars.</p><p>
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Berne, Astrid, and Emilia Stridsberg. "Alla talar om klimatet men ingen gör något : En kritisk diskursanalys över två amerikanska dagstidningars framställning av klimatförändringarna." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Tema Miljöförändring, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-148038.
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Studiens syfte är att identifiera och analysera hur ett par amerikanska tidningar framställer den globala uppvärmningen och klimatförändringarna. Detta har gjorts genom att studera hur tidningarna skriver om orsaker och konsekvenser av klimatförändringarna samt vem eller vad som bör ta ansvar för detta. Även föreslagna lösningar och åtgärder har analyserats. För att identifiera detta användes kritisk diskursanalys som teori och metod. Diskurs innebär ett bestämt sätt att tala om och förstå världen. Med hjälp av Fairclough’s tredimensionella modell kan föreställningar och diskurser identifieras. Studiens fokus har legat på analys av texten och den diskursiva praktiken. Verktygen som har använts för analysen är modalitet, transitivitet, interdiskursivitet samt intertextualitet. De tidningar som har analyserats är The Wall Street Journal samt The New York Times, de två största dagstidningarna i USA. Studiens resultat visar att tidningarna anser att mänsklig aktivitet är orsaken till den globala uppvärmningen och klimatförändringarna. Båda anser att ansvaret ligger hos politikerna och de är även överens om att politiska styrmedel är en av de viktigaste åtgärderna. The Wall Street Journal lyfter fler ekonomiska lösningar samtidigt som The New York Times lyfter fler sociala lösningar, detta är det som skiljer tidningarna mest åt. De diskurser som har identifierats för de båda tidningarna är politisk-, och vetenskaplig diskurs. Den diskurs som enbart framträder i The Wall Street Journal är den ekonomiska diskursen. Den sociala diskursen framträder enbart i The New York Times, något som tyder på en pågående hegemonisk kamp gällande den globala uppvärmningen och klimatförändringarna.<br>The aim of the study is to identify and analyse how a pair of American newspapers portrays the global warming and climate change. This was achieved through analysing how the newspapers write about the causes and consequences of climate change and who or what should take the responsibility. Proposed solutions and measures have also been analysed. To identify this, a critical discourse analysis was used as theory and method. Discourse is often explained as a certain way of speaking about and understanding the world. Using Fairclough's three dimensional model, conceptions and discourses can be identified. The main focus of the analysis was the text and discursive practice. The tools used for the analysis was modality, transitivity, interdiscursivity and intertextuality. The analysis was conducted on the two largest newspaper in America, The Wall Street Journal and The New York Times. The result of the study show that the newspapers agree that human activity is the main cause of global warming and climate change. Both newspapers consider that the politicians have the greatest responsibility regarding the global warming and that the key solution is political instruments. The main difference between the two newspapers is that The Wall Street Journal advocates more economic solutions while The New York Times advocates more social solutions. The identified discourses for the newspapers are environmental-, political- and scientific discourse. The economical discourse appears only in The Wall Street Journal. The same goes for the social discourse, which appears only in The New York Times, which indicates an ongoing hegemonic struggle regarding global warming and climate change.
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Leidig, Mathias. "Development of a global data poverty index and disaster risk reduction applications in coastal regions by means of free geoinformatic." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2015. https://researchportal.port.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/development-of-a-global-data-poverty-index-and-disaster-risk-reduction-applications-in-coastal-regions-by-means-of-free-geoinformatic(12c5fbff-1eba-452b-aca5-a1e4f10893e4).html.
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This thesis examines the nature of freely available geospatial software and data in the context of disaster risk reduction and disaster management. The use of geospatial data is crucial to effective disaster management, from preparedness to response and recovery. The best methodologies and technologies are useless if they cannot be accessed and used by the people in need or interested. Global inequalities in the provision and use of digital data and information – the so-called Digital Divide - are examined by means of datasets from 2009 to 2013. Subsequently an innovative Data Poverty Index is presented as a metric to compare differences worldwide. The focus of the presented method is on the incorporation of information and communication technology variables; also considered are the number of people in a country who can make use of freely available digital resources due to their education, access to the Internet and required hardware. A significant contribution is the clear indication that the gap between the data-poor and the data-rich is currently widening. The highest population growth until 2050 is expected in developing countries, especially in Africa and Asia, the majority of them with coastlines. Therefore, the focus of this research is on coastal regions and methods that can be applied in developing countries. Having methods, data and software in place that can improve vulnerability mapping and highlight at-risk areas, helps to focus limited financial and expert resources. Although applied geoinformatics has demonstrated great potential for disaster risk reduction applications, only in recent years there has been a substantial shift away from crisis response towards disaster preparedness and mitigation. A free geoinformatics approach, combined with freely available training materials could assist the development of sustainable disaster management, which is advocated by the United Nations Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk reduction. A number of low-cost geoinformatics case studies, covering the Caribbean, the UK, Sierra Leone and Sri Lanka, demonstrate the potential of free geoinformatics as well as highlighting some limitations.
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Stols, Gerhardus Petrus. "Investigating ways to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by means of tax measures." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/27863.
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The objective of this study is to restrict the emission of greenhouse gasses by investigating if this objective would be reached by the implementation of a tax. Global warming is caused by the emission of greenhouse gasses into the atmosphere. In order to restrict global warming it is necessary for individuals and entities to act in a more environmentally friendly manner and to emit less greenhouse gasses. A further objective of this study is to investigate various measures that can be used as an incentive to restrict the emission of greenhouse gasses. This study found that the main emitters of greenhouse gasses are power stations, industries and the transport sector. This study will therefore focus on the reduction of greenhouse gasses in these areas. The way to identify methods used to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, is to investigate the techniques that first world countries use to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, to judge the level of success they achieved and to compare their methods to the definition of a “good tax”. It was found that “cap-and-trade” is a better model than carbon tax for the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions by power stations and industries. It was also found that a combination between a tax on fuel and a tax calculated on greenhouse gas emissions per kilometre for each individual vehicle will result in the greatest reduction in the emission of greenhouse gasses produced by the transportation sector. AFRIKAANS : Die doelwit van hierdie studie is om die vrystelling van groenhuis uitlaatgasse te beperk deur ondersoek in te stel of die doelwit bereik kan word deur die implementering van 'n belasting. Globale aardverwarming word veroorsaak deur 'n oormaat vrystelling van groenhuisgasse in die atmosfeer. Om globale aardverwarming te beperk, sal individue, sowel as entiteite, meer omgewingsvriendelik moet optree deur minder groenhuisgasse vry te stel. 'n Verdere doelwit van hierdie studie is om verskeie metodes, insluitende belasting, te ondersoek waardeur die vrystelling van groenhuisgasse verminder kan word. In die studie is vasgestel dat kragstasies, industrieë en vervoerstelsels die hoofvrystellers van groenhuisgasse is. Die fokus van die studie is dus gerig op die vermindering van groenhuisgasvrystelling spesifiek in hierdie areas. Die wyse om metodes, wat gebruik word om groenhuisgasvrystellings te verminder, te identifiseer, is om die tegnieke wat in eerste wêreldlande gebruik word te ondersoek, om die vlak van sukses wat daarmee bereik word, te bepaal en om daardie metodes teen die definisie van 'n “goeie belasting” te toets. Daar is gevind dat “uitlaatgas handel” 'n beter model is as koolstofdioksiedbelasting ten einde 'n vermindering van groenhuisgasvrystellings deur kragstasies en industrieë te bewerkstellig. Daar is ook gevind dat ‘n kombinasie van ‘n belasting op brandstof en ‘n belasting bereken op groenhuisgasvrystellings per kilometer van elke individuele voertuig die grootste vermindering in groenhuisgasvrystellings in die vervoerstelsel sal meebring. Copyright<br>Dissertation (MCom)--University of Pretoria, 2010.<br>Taxation<br>unrestricted
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Huppunen, Hanna. "Utsatt men viktig? : Konstruktionen av kvinnor i den svenska biståndspolitiken." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-142139.
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Idag pågår ett stort arbete för ökad jämställdhet i världen. I januari 2016 tog de Globala målen vid som en fortsättning på de tidigare Millenniemålen. Jämställhet har fått ett eget mål här och ska även genomsyra alla de andra målen. Dock har jämställdhetsarbete mottagit kritik från olika håll för att inte lyckas och inte synliggöra problematik som finns. Alla länder ska arbeta mot att nå de Globala målen men länderna får själva ta fram verktyg för hur det arbetet ska se ut. Därmed blir syftet i denna uppsats att undersöka vilken konstruktion av kvinnor som finns i den svenska biståndspolitiken, där arbetet mot de Globala målen är central. För att göra detta har en undersökning av regeringens Policyramverk för svenskt utvecklingssamarbete och humanitärt bistånd tillsammans med Utrikesförvaltningens handlingsplan för feministiska utrikespolitik 2015-2018 med fokus på 2017. Det teoretiska ramverket består av den postkoloniala feministiska teorin och en kritisk diskursanalys. Den kritiska diskursanalysen används även som metod där analysen görs efter Faircloughs tredimensionella modell. Slutsatserna presenterar en beskrivning av kvinnor som är mottagare av bistånd som utsatta samt viktiga. Studien visar på en homogenisering av gruppen kvinnor i materialet som studerats.
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Larsson, Josefin. ""Självklart berodde min dåliga prestation på uppgiftens svårighet" : Betydelsen av kön, global självkänsla och ålder i self-handicapping." Thesis, Mälardalen University, School of Sustainable Development of Society and Technology, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-8358.
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Forell, Burkhard [Verfasser]. "A methodology to assess species yields of compartment fires by means of an extended global equivalence ratio concept / von Burkhard Forell." Braunschweig : IBMB, 2007. http://d-nb.info/994493983/34.
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Nielsen, Freja Berg Houbak. "Raping women, killing men: Is one gender’s physical and mental health disproportionally affected by intrastate conflict compared to the other?" Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för freds- och konfliktforskning, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-373130.
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Price-Rankin, Kelly Blake. "Male Visual Dominance Continues: a Global Study of Images of Men and Women in 750 Online Newspapers in 74 Nations." [Johnson City, Tenn. : East Tennessee State University], 2001. http://etd-submit.etsu.edu/etd/theses/available/etd-1106101-084245/unrestricted/pricerankin111601.pdf.
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Li, Yannan. "Japanese Boy-Love Manga and the Global Fandom: A Case Study of Chinese Female Readers." Thesis, Connect to resource online, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/1936.
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Thesis (M.A.)--Indiana University, 2009.<br>Title from screen (viewed on September 3, 2009). Department of Communication Studies, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI). Advisor(s): John Parrish-Sprowl. Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 80-83).
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Wikström, Vendela. "Kunskap och konsekvens : En kritisk diskursanalys av tv-programmet Köttets lustar och den tillhörande debatten på Facebook." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för kultur- och medievetenskaper, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-147696.
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The world's high meat consumption is one of the main causes of global warming, it increases the risk of cancer and heart diseases, and causes a lot of suffering for animals. In December 2017, SVT showed the TV program Köttets lustar, which highlighted the different aspects of meat consumption. The program put a lot focus on how animals are affected by the meat industry, and the question of whether it is ethical to eat meat. The program reached great attention in mainstream media and on social media. This study investigated the different discourses in the question of meat consumption in Köttets lustar, how they were framed by SVT, and the struggle between the discourses in the debate that the programme generated on SVT’s Facebook page. The aim was to see how the framing affected the debate on Facebook. The used method was Fairclough’s critical discourse analysis. In the analysis of the programme, six discourses were found: the animal rights discourse, the discourse about veganism as a sect, the masculine discourse, the public health discourse, the climate discourse and the economic discourse. In the debate on Facebook, the struggle was primarily conducted between the animal rights discourse and the economic discourse. The animal rights discourse advocated that we should not consume meat at all, and used arguments from the climate discourse and the public health discourse to strengthen its thesis, while all the other discourses advocated continued meat consumption. The main problem with meat consumption was that we eat too much meat, and not the ethical question. The economic discourse - which emphasizes the consumer's responsibility to choose the "right Swedish meat" in a fair amount that takes better account of climate, animals, health and the environment, was dominant. The economic discourse also increased its dominance by placing greater emphasis on parts of the animal rights aspect, which makes it more difficult for the animal rights discourse to enhance its power.
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Brito, Flávia Brandão Ramalho de. "Estudo da temperatura de globo em relação à temperatura do ar durante atividades cognitivas em ambientes de ensino com alterações climáticas em áreas das regiões brasileiras." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2017. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/9932.
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Previous issue date: 2017-02-16<br>Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq<br>Introduction: The planet's climate change may raise the average temperature in all regions of Brazil. As there has been an increase in the insertion of technological innovations of communication and information (news ICT) in educational institutions, which can contribute to the increase in thermal radiation, it is therefore important to investigate how this increase in these environments may interfere with the comfort and performance of students. In the equation formulated by Fanger (1970), the thermal radiation factor is represented by the mean radiant temperature (Trm), but its impact on thermal comfort is often ignored. The globe temperature (Tg) is one of the variables of the equations for the calculation of the mean radiant temperature. It corresponds to the temperature that allows evaluating the level of thermal radiation of the existing surfaces in an environment where a significant difference between the globe temperature and the temperature of the air can demonstrate some increase of thermal radiation in the work environment. Objective: To investigate if the behavior of the globe temperature in relation to the air temperature (Tg-Ta), observing the variation of the mean radiant temperature, could have repercussion in the performance of students in intelligent teaching environments in areas of the Brazil's regions. Methods: The methodological procedures adopted in this work consisted of the following steps: analysis of thermal variables: Trm and (Tg-Ta); analysis of students' performance, analysis of architectural elements and construction of the mathematical model. The study was carried out in computerized laboratories with News ICT in the following institutions: UFPI, Teresina-Piauí (A); UFSC, Florianópolis-Santa Catarina (B); UnB, Brasília-Federal District (C); UNIVASF, Petrolina-Pernambuco (D); ICMC, São Carlos-SP (E); UFAM, Manaus-Amazonas (F); CE of the PM, João Pessoa, Paraíba (G). The students answered a questionnaire adapted from the Bateria de Provas de Raciocínio (BPR-5) on three consecutive days at different temperatures, while the thermal conditions were measured and the design and architectural elements were analyzed. Results: It was verified that in the three consecutive days, there was no heat exchange by radiation between the student and his environment in the laboratories of institutions C and F, demonstrating that in the other laboratories of institutions A, B, E and G there was heat exchange by radiation. It is noteworthy that in the laboratory of institution G this heat exchange was more pronounced, such that the mean radiant temperature at any given time exceeded the globe temperature at 2.25°Chcg/ 𝜀𝑔𝜎. However, their architectural analysis signaled that the design was adequate. So probably, the heat sources inside the laboratory should have provided increased thermal radiation, given that the number of students and laptops were representative. Thus, in the sense of confirming these findings, it was verified through the mathematical modeling that with each increase of one degree in the difference between the globe temperature and the air temperature (Tg-Ta), the students' performance in the computer laboratory of the Institution G decreased by around 29%. Therefore, the higher the mean radiant temperature, the higher the thermal radiation in this laboratory, and this increase may compromise student performance. Conclusion: Productivity may change due to changes in air temperature in air-conditioned teaching environments, as has already been demonstrated by international publications. In this specific case, if Tg >> Ta, the thermal radiation may possibly interfere with the performance of people present in environments equipped with technological innovations in communication and information (News ICT).<br>Introdução: As alterações climáticas do planeta poderão elevar ainda mais a temperatura média em todas as regiões do Brasil, e como tem havido um crescimento da inserção de inovações tecnológicas de comunicação e informação (news ICT) em ambientes de ensino, o que pode colaborar para o aumento da radiação térmica, torna-se assim importante investigar como esse aumento nesses ambientes poderá interferir no conforto e desempenho de estudantes. Na equação formulada por Fanger (1970), o fator de radiação térmica é representado pela temperatura radiante média (Trm), mas seu impacto sobre o conforto térmico é muitas vezes ignorado. A temperatura de globo (Tg) é uma das variáveis das equações para o cálculo da temperatura radiante média e a mesma corresponde a temperatura que permite avaliar o nível de radiação térmica das superfícies existentes em um ambiente donde uma diferença significativa entre a temperatura de globo e a temperatura do ar pode demonstrar certo aumento da radiação térmica no ambiente de trabalho. Objetivo: Investigar se a relação entre a temperatura de globo e a temperatura do ar (Tg-Ta), observando a variação da temperatura radiante média, poderá ter repercussão no desempenho de estudantes em ambientes inteligentes de ensino (News ICT) em áreas das regiões brasileiras. Métodos: Os procedimentos metodológicos adotados neste trabalho consistiram nas etapas: análise das variáveis térmicas: trm e (tg-ta); análise do desempenho dos estudantes, análise dos elementos arquitetônicos e construção do modelo matemático. O estudo foi realizado em laboratórios de informática climatizados com News ICT nas seguintes instituições: UFPI, Teresina-Piauí (A); UFSC, Florianópolis-Santa Catarina (B); UnB, Brasília-Distrito Federal (C); UNIVASF, Petrolina-Pernambuco (D); ICMC, São Carlos-SP (E); UFAM, Manaus-Amazonas (F); CE da PM, João Pessoa, Paraíba (G). Os estudantes responderam a um questionário adaptado da Bateria de Provas de Raciocínio (BPR-5) em três dias consecutivos a diferentes temperaturas, enquanto as condições térmicas eram medidas e o projeto e elementos arquitetônicos eram analisados. Resultados: Constatou-se que nos três dias consecutivos só não houve troca de calor por radiação entre o estudante e seu ambiente nos laboratórios das instituições C e F, demonstrando que nos outros laboratórios das instituições A, B, D, E e G houve troca de calor por radiação. Ressalta-se que no laboratório da instituição G essa troca de calor foi mais acentuada, tal que a temperatura radiante média em dado instante superou a temperatura de globo em 2,25 °C hcg/ 𝜀𝑔𝜎. Entretanto, sua análise arquitetônica sinalizou que o projeto tinha mais aspectos positivos.Logo, provavelmente as fontes de calor no interior do laboratório devem ter proporcionado aumento da radiação térmica, haja vista que o número de estudantes e laptops eram representativos. Assim, no sentido de confirmar esses achados, constatou-se através da modelagem matemática que a cada aumento de um grau na diferença entre a temperatura de globo e a temperatura do ar (Tg-Ta), o desempenho dos estudantes no laboratório de informática da instituição G diminuía em torno de 29%, constatando que, quanto maior a temperatura radiante média, maior será a radiação térmica nesse laboratório, e esse aumento poderá comprometer o desempenho dos estudantes. Conclusão: Como a produtividade pode sofrer alterações devido às mudanças de temperatura do ar em ambientes de ensino climatizados, conforme já comprovado por publicações internacionais, neste caso específico, se Tg>>Ta, possivelmente a radiação térmica poderá interferir no desempenho das pessoas presentes em ambiente providos de inovações tecnológicas de comunicação e informação (News ICT).
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Eriksson, Louise. "“Man ger så mycket av sig själv men samtidigt så får man så mycket” : En intervjustudie om barnmorskors hälsa, arbetsmiljö och faktorer till att stanna kvar i yrket." Thesis, Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH, Institutionen för fysisk aktivitet och hälsa, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:gih:diva-6661.
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Syfte: Syftet med studien var att undersöka faktorer inom arbetsmiljö och hälsa som är betydande för att barnmorskor inom förlossningsvården väljer att stanna kvar och arbeta i en stressig/högbelastad arbetsmiljö. Frågeställningarna i studien var följande: 1. Hur ser barnmorskorna på sin arbetsmiljö? 2. Vilka faktorer har en positiv inverkan på arbetsmiljön? 3. Vilken betydelse har friskvårdsbidraget från arbetsgivaren för välmåendet på arbetsplatsen och i vilken omfattning utnyttjas bidraget? Metod: Med en kvalitativ ansats genomfördes 5 intervjuer med barnmorskor som arbetar på samma arbetsplats och som hade minst 1,5 års erfarenhet av att arbeta som barnmorska inom förlossningsvården. Intervjuerna spelades in och transkriberades. Materialet analyserades med en induktiv innehållsanalys. Resultat: Intervjuerna samt efterföljande innehållsanalys resulterade i tre huvudkategorier; “Psykisk arbetsmiljö”, “Fysisk arbetsmiljö” och “Utanför arbetet”. Kollegorna, arbetsglädjen till yrket, känslan av att göra gott för patienterna och familjerna samt att ha ett stimulerande och utvecklande jobb var de positiva faktorer som beskrevs främst när det gällde psykisk arbetsmiljö. Den fysiska arbetsmiljön berörde både hur lokalerna man arbetar i var utformade, men även hur det var en positiv faktor att barnmorskorna är aktiva och rör på sig mycket under arbetsdagen. Återhämtning på fritiden var en viktig positiv faktor utanför arbetet för att barnmorskorna ska orka med. Slutsats: Resultaten i studien tyder på att all stress i barnmorskans arbetsmiljö inte behöver vara negativ utan den vardagliga stressen kan hjälpa till att hålla rätt fokus i arbetet. Dock spelar kollegorna, patienterna och arbetsglädjen till yrket stor roll för att stressen inte ska bli för betungande. Återhämtningen för barnmorskan på fritiden var också en viktig faktor för att de skulle orka fortsätta att arbeta inom yrket.