Journal articles: 'Global Middle Ages'

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Soergel, Philip M. "Embracing a Global Middle Ages." Journal of Medieval Worlds 1, no. 3 (2019): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jmw.2019.130001.

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McClure, Julia. "A New Politics of the Middle Ages: A Global Middle Ages for a Global Modernity." History Compass 13, no. 11 (2015): 610–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/hic3.12280.

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Holmes, Catherine, and Naomi Standen. "Introduction: Towards a Global Middle Ages." Past & Present 238, suppl_13 (2018): 1–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pastj/gty030.

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Amer, Sahar, and Lynn Ramey. "Teaching the Global Middle Ages through Technology." Parergon 35, no. 2 (2018): 175–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/pgn.2018.0071.

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Phillips, Kim M. "Travel, Writing, and the Global Middle Ages." History Compass 14, no. 3 (2016): 81–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/hic3.12301.

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Standen, Naomi, and Monica White. "Structural Mobilities in the Global Middle Ages." Past & Present 238, suppl_13 (2018): 158–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pastj/gty026.

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Yarrow, Simon. "Economic Imaginaries of the Global Middle Ages*." Past & Present 238, suppl_13 (2018): 214–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pastj/gty029.

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Holmes, Catherine, and Naomi Standen. "Defining the Global Middle Ages (AHRC Research Network)." Medieval Worlds 1 (July 15, 2015): 106–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1553/medievalworlds_no1_2015s106.

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Jervis, Ben. "Assembling the archaeology of the global Middle Ages." World Archaeology 49, no. 5 (2017): 666–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00438243.2017.1406397.

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Lomuto, Sierra. "Becoming postmedieval: The stakes of the global middle ages." postmedieval 11, no. 4 (2020): 503–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/s41280-020-00198-1.

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Heng, Geraldine, and Lynn Ramey. "Early Globalities, Global Literatures: Introducing a Special Issue on the Global Middle Ages." Literature Compass 11, no. 7 (2014): 389–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/lic3.12156.

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12

Frankopan, Peter. "Why We Need to Think About the Global Middle Ages." Journal of Medieval Worlds 1, no. 1 (2019): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jmw.2019.100002.

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Medieval history has become synonymous with the study of western Europe. This article argues that it is important to widen the geographic focus to better understand the Middle Ages as a whole, and in doing so, counter Eurocentric views of the past that have dominated and shaped views of the past. At a time of profound global change today, it is worth reflecting on how and why other regions and cultures have been pushed into the shadows, and why it is imperative to show them now in new light.

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Blumi, Isa. "India Traders of the Middle Ages." American Journal of Islam and Society 26, no. 1 (2009): 117–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v26i1.1423.

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Throughout Antiquity, the Middle Ages, and our current era, the IndianOcean has been the economic backbone of an interconnected global community.This inter-territorial commerce, which feeds a vast network of merchantsfrom the western Mediterranean to the South China Sea, probablyconstitutes the single most important cultural milieu in human history.While many existing studies highlight these networks’ significance andeven a subdiscipline in academia focuses on the “Indian Ocean,” some significantcomponents of the interlinking system are missing. A particularlydifficult problem is the shortage of primary material from the system’s earlierperiods, especially prior to the arrival of the Portuguese and the Dutch.The present volume, which is comprised of annotated and translated lettersof various eleventh- and twelfth-centuryArab Jewish traders who interactedwithin this larger Indian Ocean complex, provides perhaps the most foundationalsource to understand the economic activities, communal organization,family life, and material civilization of the medieval world’s ArabicspeakingJews. Indeed, with patience and a creative imagination, IndiaTraders of the Middle Ages could lay the foundation for taking this subdisciplinein new directions ...

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Moore, R. I. "Review: The Global Middle Ages, edited by Catherine Holmes and Naomi Standen." Journal of Medieval Worlds 2, no. 1-2 (2020): 35–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jmw.2020.2.1-2.35.

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BANAJI, JAIRUS. "Aristocracies, Peasantries and the Framing of the Early Middle Ages." Journal of Agrarian Change 9, no. 1 (2009): 59–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0366.2009.00196.x.

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Serre-Bachet, Fran�oise. "Middle ages temperature reconstructions in europe, a focus on northeastern Italy." Climatic Change 26, no. 2-3 (1994): 213–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01092415.

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Classen, Albrecht. "Global Travel in the Late Middle Ages: The Eyewitness Account of Johann Schiltberger." Medieval History Journal 23, no. 1 (2020): 74–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0971945819895896.

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Recent discussions have centred intensively on the question how to establish new cultural–historical perspectives that are no longer Eurocentric. Mediaevalists and Early Modernists have strongly endeavoured to grasp and to realise Global Mediaeval and Early Modern Studies, but despite many efforts, we are not easily getting away from traditional approaches, especially because many of our sources do not lend themselves quite so easily for that task. Whereas previous scholars have turned their attention primarily towards crusader and pilgrimage accounts, and then also towards some travelogues (Marco Polo), within the German context one early fifteenth-century text stands out that allows us to open the window wide towards a more global perspective, Hans Schiltberger’s Reisebuch. This experienced tremendous popularity in the German-speaking lands far into the late seventeenth century, illustrating the life of a slave who was traversing many countries in the Middle East and even Northern Asia in military service. This account can in fact be regarded as a unique contribution in terms of the author’s worldview and experiences. He was, involuntarily, one of the first European to report so extensively about those countries located east of the Holy Land and to discuss their political and military history.

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Ramey, Lynn, David Neville, Sahar Amer, et al. "Revisioning the Global Middle Ages: Immersive Environments for Teaching Medieval Languages and Culture." Digital Philology: A Journal of Medieval Cultures 8, no. 1 (2019): 86–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/dph.2019.0016.

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Sgard, Jérôme. "Global economic governance during the middle ages: The jurisdiction of the champagne fairs." International Review of Law and Economics 42 (June 2015): 174–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.irle.2013.08.001.

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Allen, R. C., and R. W. Unger. "The Allen-Unger Global Commodity Prices Database." Research Data Journal for the Humanities and Social Sciences 4, no. 1 (2019): 81–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24523666-00401006.

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The Allen-Unger Database contains price series for commodities from locations in Europe from the late Middle Ages to 1914 and also from cities in the Americas, the Middle East and the Far East. It is also possible to search for series by date range, location and commodity or any combination of the three. Data are reported in Excel spreadsheets with the files downloadable. The Database serves as a useful tool for various forms of research in economic history and in social history with the information presented in an easily accessible and flexible format. The data are available at three different sites, each with its own unique features and advantages.

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Helsinger, Abigail, Nytasia Hicks, Meghan Young, Oksana Dikhtyar, Phyllis Cummins, and Taka Yamashita. "Barriers to Engage Low-Skilled Adults in Educational Opportunities: A Global Perspective." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (2020): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.208.

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Abstract The demand for adult education and training (AET) opportunities is substantial as older adults are remaining in the labor force at older ages, and are facing substantial technological changes in the workplace. Strategies to engage middle-aged and older adult workers in AET often exclude low-skilled and sub-populations. The engagement of these sub-populations in AET is challenging as access, awareness, and program costs associated with AET opportunities often target highly skilled populations. The inequality in AET participation warrants specific programs and strategies to address challenges low-skilled adult workers face in pursuing AET. The purpose of this study is to identify AET opportunities for low-skilled middle-aged and older adults, as well as highlight major barriers to engage and retain these sub-population in AET. Data were collected from 36 key informants through semi-structured interviews and through document reviews. Key informants represented Australia, Canada, Italy, Norway, the Netherlands, the U.K., and the U.S. Descriptive methods were used to identify barriers in recruiting and retaining low-skilled middle-aged and older adults. We particularly focused on the barriers related to cost, language, access, and awareness. Results highlighted opportunities tailored to support adult workers in the pursuit of adult learning opportunities both domestically and internationally. Barriers including learning histories, lack of long-term person-centered support, as well as the role of multiple forms of learning, such as formal and informal learning, were identified. Last, we provide recommendations for recruiting and retaining middle-aged and older adult workers in AET programs.

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Katan, Mira, and Andreas Luft. "Global Burden of Stroke." Seminars in Neurology 38, no. 02 (2018): 208–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1649503.

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AbstractStroke is the second leading cause of death and a major cause of disability worldwide. Its incidence is increasing because the population ages. In addition, more young people are affected by stroke in low- and middle-income countries. Ischemic stroke is more frequent but hemorrhagic stroke is responsible for more deaths and disability-adjusted life-years lost. Incidence and mortality of stroke differ between countries, geographical regions, and ethnic groups. In high-income countries mainly, improvements in prevention, acute treatment, and neurorehabilitation have led to a substantial decrease in the burden of stroke over the past 30 years. This article reviews the epidemiological and clinical data concerning stroke incidence and burden around the globe.

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Steckel, Richard H. "New Light on the “Dark Ages”." Social Science History 28, no. 2 (2004): 211–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200013134.

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Based on a modest sample of skeletons from northern Europe, average heights fell from 173.4 centimeters in the early Middle Ages to a low of roughly 167 centimeters during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Taking the data at face value, this decline of approximately 6.4 centimeters substantially exceeds any prolonged downturns found during industrialization in several countries that have been studied. Significantly, recovery to levels achieved in the early Middle Ages was not attained until the early twentieth century. It is plausible to link the decline in average height to climate deterioration; growing inequality; urbanization and the expansion of trade and commerce, which facilitated the spread of diseases; fluctuations in population size that impinged on nutritional status; the global spread of diseases associated with European expansion and colonization; and conflicts or wars over state building or religion. Because it is reasonable to believe that greater exposure to pathogens accompanied urbanization and industrialization, and there is evidence of climate moderation, increasing efficiency in agriculture, and greater interregional and international trade in foodstuffs, it is plausible to link the reversal of the long-term height decline with dietary improvements.

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van der Boon, Annique, Klaudia F. Kuiper, Robin van der Ploeg, et al. "Exploring a link between the Middle Eocene Climatic Optimum and Neotethys continental arc flare-up." Climate of the Past 17, no. 1 (2021): 229–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-229-2021.

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Abstract. The Middle Eocene Climatic Optimum (MECO), a ∼500 kyr episode of global warming that initiated at ∼ 40.5 Ma, is postulated to be driven by a net increase in volcanic carbon input, but a direct source has not been identified. Here we show, based on new and previously published radiometric ages of volcanic rocks, that the interval spanning the MECO corresponds to a massive increase in continental arc volcanism in Iran and Azerbaijan. Ages of Eocene igneous rocks in all volcanic provinces of Iran cluster around 40 Ma, very close to the peak warming phase of the MECO. Based on the spatial extent and volume of the volcanic rocks as well as the carbonaceous lithology in which they are emplaced, we estimate the total amount of CO2 that could have been released at this time corresponds to between 1052 and 12 565 Pg carbon. This is compatible with the estimated carbon release during the MECO. Although the uncertainty in both individual ages, and the spread in the compilation of ages, is larger than the duration of the MECO, a flare-up in Neotethys subduction zone volcanism represents a plausible excess carbon source responsible for MECO warming.

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Mostern, Ruth. "Review: The Global Middle Ages: Past and Present, edited by Catherine Holmes and Naomi Standen." Studies in Late Antiquity 3, no. 4 (2019): 640–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/sla.2019.3.4.640.

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Gill, Stephanie J., Christine M. Friedenreich, Tolulope T. Sajobi, et al. "Association between Lifetime Physical Activity and Cognitive Functioning in Middle-Aged and Older Community Dwelling Adults: Results from theBrain in MotionStudy." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 21, no. 10 (2015): 816–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617715000880.

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AbstractTo determine if total lifetime physical activity (PA) is associated with better cognitive functioning with aging and if cerebrovascular function mediates this association. A sample of 226 (52.2% female) community dwelling middle-aged and older adults (66.5±6.4 years) in theBrain in MotionStudy, completed theLifetime Total Physical Activity Questionnaireand underwent neuropsychological and cerebrovascular blood flow testing. Multiple robust linear regressions were used to model the associations between lifetime PA and global cognition after adjusting for age, sex, North American Adult Reading Test results (i.e., an estimate of premorbid intellectual ability), maximal aerobic capacity, body mass index and interactions between age, sex, and lifetime PA. Mediation analysis assessed the effect of cerebrovascular measures on the association between lifetime PA and global cognition.Post hocanalyses assessed past year PA and current fitness levels relation to global cognition and cerebrovascular measures. Better global cognitive performance was associated with higher lifetime PA (p=.045), recreational PA (p=.021), and vigorous intensity PA (p=.004), PA between the ages of 0 and 20 years (p=.036), and between the ages of 21 and 35 years (p<.0001). Cerebrovascular measures did not mediate the association between PA and global cognition scores (p>.5), but partially mediated the relation between current fitness and global cognition. This study revealed significant associations between higher levels of PA (i.e., total lifetime, recreational, vigorous PA, and past year) and better cognitive function in later life. Current fitness levels relation to cognitive function may be partially mediated through current cerebrovascular function. (JINS, 2015,21, 816–830)

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Mankov, Sergei A. "Medieval motives in memorialization of the Great War." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg State University of Culture, no. 2 (47) (2021): 67–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.30725/2619-0303-2021-2-67-71.

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The article examines the European experience of creating war memorials dedicated to the World War I, using the motives of medieval architecture. The fascination with the Middle Ages, spread through the art and literature of the Neo-Gothic and national Romanism period, was emotionally rethought by the generation that survived the catastrophe of the global conflict of 1914–1918. At the new stage, the symbolic harsh images of the Middle Ages turned out to be more consonant with the social creation of former front-line soldiers than the classical antique forms used in the memorialization of wars in the 18th–19th centuries. This process was reflected in the commemoration of the Great War in Great Britain, France, Germany and other countries, where the monuments to the fallen began to give the appearance characteristic of the towers, fortresses and castles of the long-gone Middle Ages, giving them a new interpretative meaning.

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Hansen, Valerie. "Toward a Global Middle Ages: Encountering the World Through Illuminated Manuscripts ed. by Bryan C. Keene." Manuscript Studies: A Journal of the Schoenberg Institute for Manuscript Studies 5, no. 2 (2020): 335–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/mns.2020.0019.

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Heng, Geraldine. "The Global Middle Ages: An Experiment in Collaborative Humanities, or Imagining the World, 500–1500 C.E." English Language Notes 47, no. 1 (2009): 205–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00138282-47.1.205.

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English, Edward D. "Review: Toward a Global Middle Ages: Encountering the World Through Illuminated Manuscripts, by Bryan C. Keene." Journal of Medieval Worlds 2, no. 3-4 (2020): 134–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jmw.2020.2.3-4.134.

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Hamburger, Jeffrey F. "Toward a Global Middle Ages: Encountering the World through Illuminated Manuscripts ed. by Bryan C. Keene." Common Knowledge 27, no. 1 (2021): 114–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/0961754x-8723177.

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Amer, Sahar. "Reading Medieval French Literature from a Global Perspective." PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 130, no. 2 (2015): 367–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/pmla.2015.130.2.367.

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Only in the last decade has the field of medieval french literature recognized the need for a critical gaze that looks outside France and beyond the persistent Eurocentric accounts of medieval French literary history. These accounts long viewed medieval French literary production primarily in relation to the Latin, Celtic, and Provençal traditions. My research over the last twenty years has called for a revisionist history of literature and of empires and has highlighted the fact that throughout the Middle Ages France entertained “inter-imperial” literary relations—not only with European traditions but also with extra-European cultures, specifically with the Islamicate world.

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Trompf, Garry W. "Albrecht Classen, ed., Paradigm Shifts during the Global Middle Ages and the Renaissance. Arizona Studies in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, 44. Turnhout: Brepols, 2019, XLVI, 396 pp." Mediaevistik 33, no. 1 (2020): 589–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3726/med.2020.01.180.

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Rahman, Md Shahidur. "Health Care in Aged Population: A Global Public Health Challenge." Journal of Medicine 20, no. 2 (2019): 95–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jom.v20i2.42010.

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Health care and health care delivery systems will be burdened by growing number of ageing population and is going to be the next global public health challenge. Advances in medicine and socioeconomic development have substantially reduced mortality and morbidity. As a result number of aged is increasing with age related morbidity. These demographic and epidemiological changes, coupled with rapid urbanization, globalization, and accompanying changes in risk factors and lifestyles, have increased the prominence of chronic conditions. Health systems need to find effective strategies to extend health care and to respond to the needs of older adults. The goal of ensuring healthy lives and promoting wellbeing for everyone at all ages cannot be achieved without attention to the health of older adults. With an increasingly large proportion of this population living in low-income and middle-income countries, this will have implications worldwide. This literature based review intends to explore the spectrum of global challenge in geriatric health care. J MEDICINE JUL 2019; 20 (2) : 95-97

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Charruadas, Paulo. "The cradle of the city: the environmental imprint of Brussels and its hinterland in the High Middle Ages." Regional Environmental Change 12, no. 2 (2011): 255–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10113-011-0212-2.

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Thienemann, Matthias, Alessia Masi, Stephanie Kusch, et al. "Organic geochemical and palynological evidence for Holocene natural and anthropogenic environmental change at Lake Dojran (Macedonia/Greece)." Holocene 27, no. 8 (2017): 1103–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959683616683261.

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In this study, we present lipid biomarker and palynological data for a sediment core from Lake Dojran (Macedonia/Greece), which covers the entire Holocene period. We analyzed vascular plant-derived n-alkanes, combustion-derived polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), fecal steroids, and bacterial and archaeal glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether (GDGT) lipids in concert with microcharcoal and pollen assemblages to reconstruct climatic, environmental, and human impact in the Dojran catchment and the greater Dojran area. Overall, our results suggest a relationship between anthropogenic activity and environmental/climatic change since increased human impact corresponds to phases of higher humidity and high lake levels at Lake Dojran. During the early Holocene, the record reveals increasing temperatures and humidity and concurrent increasing vegetation cover and runoff/soil erosion, respectively. Following a thermal maximum during the middle early Holocene, temperatures decrease gradually until present. The middle-Holocene at Lake Dojran is characterized by relatively stable environmental conditions followed by greater climatic instability and strong anthropogenic overprint during the late-Holocene. The fecal stanol record reveals phases of increased human impact during the early Bronze Age, the late Bonze/early Iron Age, and the Middle Ages. A phase of low stanol and PAH concentrations from the late Iron Age until the early Middle Ages is either related to ecosystem changes and/or changes in settlement pattern since concurrent pollen data indicate intensified land use. Human impact re-intensified during the Middle Ages with some variability probably related to climatic variations of the ‘Medieval Warm Period’ and the ‘Little Ice Age’.

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Groves, John R., and Yue Wang. "Timing and size selectivity of the Guadalupian (Middle Permian) fusulinoidean extinction." Journal of Paleontology 87, no. 2 (2013): 183–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1666/12-076r.1.

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A comprehensive, high resolution stratigraphic database of fusulinoidean foraminifers reveals that this group of protists suffered extreme losses during the Guadalupian extinction. Most species (88%) were eliminated gradually over the course of 9 myr during the Wordian and Capitanian ages. A pulse of greatly elevated per capita extinction frequency occurred during the last million years of the Capitanian (260–259 Ma). Contrary to prevailing opinion, the end-Capitanian event did not preferentially eliminate large, morphologically complex species in the families Schwagerinidae and Neoschwagerinidae, because most species in those families were already extinct. Rather, 69 percent of the species eliminated at the end of the Capitanian were small, morphologically conservative representatives of the Ozawainellidae, Schubertellidae and Staffellidae. Survivors from these families comprised the low-diversity association of Wuchiapingian fusulinoideans. Schubertellids, and to a lesser extent ozawainellids, diversified in the late Wuchiapingian and Changhsingian ages before the final demise of fusulinoideans during the end-Permian mass extinction. The Wordian–Capitanian fusulinoidean attrition might have been caused by photosymbiont loss and habitat reduction stemming from an interval of global cooling termed the Kamura event (∼265–259.5 Ma), although the onset of fusulinoidean diversity decline predates geochemical evidence for the beginning of the Kamura event by ∼3 myr. The end-Capitanian extinction pulse might reflect environmental deterioration from the combined effects of global cooling, Emeishan effusive volcanism and sea-level lowstand.

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Schinka, John A., Rodney D. Vanderploeg, Miles Rogish, and Patricia Isbell Ordorica. "Effects of alcohol and cigarette use on cognition in middle-aged adults." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 8, no. 5 (2002): 683–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617702801412.

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AbstractIn this retrospective cohort study we examined the independent and interactive effects of drinking and smoking on cognition in a sample of 3361 males, ages 31 to 49, with varying lifetime histories of alcohol and cigarette use. Dependent variables were neuropsychological measures of global and specific cognitive abilities. Comparison of the ability scores of seven groups, defined by their drinking and smoking histories, explained only 5.4% of the multivariate variance in cognitive ability and less than 2% in any individual cognitive measure. Regression analyses for current drinkers and smokers showed only a single significant, but negligible, effect of pack-years of smoking on a measure of global cognitive ability. Differences in cognitive function in groups defined by intensity of alcohol and cigarette use revealed no significant effect for drinking and a significant, but very small, effect for smoking.

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Heng, Geraldine, and Lynn Ramey. "Call for Papers: Special Issue of Wiley-Blackwell’s Online Journal Literature Compass on the Global Middle Ages." Literature Compass 7, no. 10 (2010): 989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-4113.2010.00759.x.

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Hawk, Brandon W. "Biblical Apocrypha as Medieval World Literature." Medieval Globe 6, no. 2 (2020): 49–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.17302/tmg.6-2.2.

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This article examines biblical apocrypha as cases for reconsidering literary history concerning the wider scope of the global Middle Ages. The Gospel of Pseudo-Matthew and Fifteen Signs before Judgment show how apocrypha were dynamic in the early medieval period, as they participated in a complex network of transmission across Afro-Eurasia.

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Classen, Albrecht. "Global Middle Ages: Eastern Wisdom (Buddhistic) Teachings in Medieval European Literature. With a Focus on Barlaam and Josaphat." Humanities and Social Science Research 4, no. 2 (2021): p10. http://dx.doi.org/10.30560/hssr.v4n2p10.

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In contrast to many recent attempts to establish concepts and platforms to study global literature, and this also in the pre-modern world, this article claims to present much more concrete examples to confirm that a certain degree of globalism existed already in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. While numerous scholars/editors have simply invited many more voices from all over the world to the same ‘table,’ i.e., literary histories, which has not really provided more substance to the notion of ‘global,’ the study of translated texts, such as those dealing with Barlaam and Josaphat, clearly confirms that some core Indian ideas and values, as originally developed by Buddha, had migrated through many stages of translations, to high medieval literature in Europe.

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Chiesa, Paolo. "La Filologia mediolatina: una disciplina di frontiera." AION (filol.) Annali dell’Università degli Studi di Napoli “L’Orientale” 42, no. 1 (2020): 109–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/17246172-40010033.

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Abstract This article sketches a short history of Latin literature of the Middle Ages (as academic discipline) in Italy; defines its possible boundaries and relationships with other disciplines; lists the peculiarities of textual criticism when applied in the specific field of Latin medieval texts; highlights the methodological contribution brought by the scholars of this discipline, in order to build a ‘global philology’.

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Karageorgou, Dimitra, Frederick Cudhea, Julia Reedy, et al. "Global Plant-Based Food Intakes by Country Wealth and Socioeconomic Status: Findings from the Global Dietary Database." Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (2020): 850. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa053_055.

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Abstract Objectives Given the major interest in plant-based foods (PF) for global diets, we aimed to characterize inequalities in intakes of fruits, vegetables (non-starchy, potatoes, other starchy), legumes, grains (refined, whole), and nuts/seeds by country wealth and population socioeconomic status (SES). Methods PF intakes were derived from the Global Dietary Database, including 1144 national and subnational surveys from 1980 through 2015 covering 97.5% of the world's population. A Bayesian hierarchical prediction model combined stratum-specific individual-level intakes with survey-level and time-varying country-level (GDP, FAO's food balance sheets) covariates to estimate mean intakes and 95% uncertainty intervals jointly stratified by country (n = 185), year (1990–2015), sex, age (all ages, 20 age groups), urban-rural residence, and education (low, middle, high). Results Using the World Bank's country wealth categories, fruit intake, in 2015, was much higher in high-income (HIC) (120 g/d) and upper-middle income countries (UMIC) (107 g/d) compared with low (LIC) (72 g/d) and lower-middle income countries (LMIC) (68 g/d); and within nations, generally higher with higher education and in urban areas, except for HIC where it was higher for rural residents. Average intakes of non-starchy vegetables (148–153 g/d) and legumes (22–25 g/d) were similar by country wealth; highest vegetable consumption was among those of higher education in LIC. Legume consumption was highest among those of higher education in LIC and LMIC. Average refined and whole grain intakes were highest in HIC (128 and 42 g/d) and lowest in LIC (46 and 11 g/d), with notable heterogeneity by education; refined grains were highest with lower education in HIC and UMIC, whereas whole grains were highest with higher education. Findings on other PF, and over time will be presented. Conclusions Such global data provide novel evidence for substantial variation in PF intakes by country wealth, further linked to population SES, and can inform potential health impacts and country-specific nutrition policy priorities. Funding Sources Gates Foundation.

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Ruiz-Iriondo, Maria, Karmele Salaberria, Enrique Echeburua, Alvaro Iruin, Olga Gabaldón Poc, and Idoia Fernández Marañón. "Global functioning among middle-aged patients with chronic schizophrenia: the role of medication, working memory and verbal comprehension." Anales de Psicología 35, no. 2 (2019): 204–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/analesps.35.2.336251.

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The chronic phase of schizophrenia is characterized by illness progression and patients encountering difficulties to return to premorbid level of functioning. The objective of this study was to describe the characteristics of a sample of patients with chronic schizophrenia, as well to assess differences between patients under and over 45 years of age. In a clinical sample of 77 chronic schizophrenia patients, we assessed basic symptoms, cognitive performance, social functioning and quality of life. All participants obtained very high scores in residual symptoms, and no differences in sociodemographic or clinical characteristics between the age groups were found. Younger patients had better cognitive performance and older patients obtained better scores for social functioning and quality of life. Number of psychotropic drugs, verbal learning delayed of SCIP, errors in WCST, Similarities and Digit Symbol Coding of WAIS were the most important variables to predict global functioning of patients over 45 years old. Increasing our understanding of differences in characteristics of the chronic phase of the illness and the profile of functioning at different ages, may help us design intervention strategies to improve adaptation in young and middle-aged patients with chronic schizophrenia.

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Liebrand, Diederik, and Anouk T. M. de Bakker. "Bispectra of climate cycles show how ice ages are fuelled." Climate of the Past 15, no. 6 (2019): 1959–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-1959-2019.

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Abstract. The increasingly nonlinear response of the climate–cryosphere system to insolation forcing during the Pliocene and Pleistocene, as recorded in benthic foraminiferal stable oxygen isotope ratios (δ18O), is marked by a distinct evolution in ice-age cycle frequency, amplitude, phase, and geometry. To date, very few studies have thoroughly investigated the non-sinusoidal shape of these climate cycles, leaving precious information unused to further unravel the complex dynamics of the Earth's system. Here, we present higher-order spectral analyses of the LR04 δ18O stack that describe coupling and energy exchanges among astronomically paced climate cycles. These advanced bispectral computations show how energy is passed from precession-paced to obliquity-paced climate cycles during the Early Pleistocene (from ∼2500 to ∼750 ka) and ultimately to eccentricity-paced climate cycles during the Middle and Late Pleistocene (from ∼750 ka onward). They also show how energy is transferred among many periodicities that have no primary astronomical origin. We hypothesise that the change of obliquity-paced climate cycles during the mid-Pleistocene transition (from ∼1200 to ∼600 ka), from being a net sink into a net source of energy, is indicative of the passing of a land-ice mass loading threshold in the Northern Hemisphere (NH), after which cycles of crustal depression and rebound started to resonate with the ∼110 kyr eccentricity modulation of precession. However, precession-paced climate cycles remain persistent energy providers throughout the Late Pliocene and Pleistocene, which is supportive of a dominant and continuous fuelling of the NH ice ages by insolation in the (sub)tropical zones, and the control it exerts on meridional heat and moisture transport through atmospheric and oceanic circulation.

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Oliskiewicz-Krzywicka, Anna. "Demarcation Technique and Geometric Analysis of Village Boundaries Resulting from Delineation of Land Areas (ujazd) in the Middle Ages in the Wielkopolska Region (Poland)." Land 10, no. 6 (2021): 623. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10060623.

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The paper presents the genesis of village borders’ shape formed in the Middle Ages and presents rules according to which demarcations were made. The hypothesis that the borders formed in the Middle Ages had a shape similar to a circle or segment of a circle was accepted. This hypothesis was confirmed by geometric analysis of borders from that period. Geometric elements of the boundaries were calculated: types of arcs, their radii, lengths and central angles. The center of the newly granted area was analyzed, as this location played a major role in the delineation of the boundary. Accuracy of measurements was determined and influence of errors on the presented results was analyzed. Wielkopolska was chosen as the research area because natural conditions had no influence on the shape of the borders. The starting materials were topographic maps in the scale of 1:25,000 (Messtischblätter) from the years 1887–1890. The research confirmed the hypothesis of a circular shape of borders formed in the Middle Ages in the studied area. In the original allocations, the area took the shape of a circle, which was a specific pattern for the villages to be founded. Later, as the settlement developed, the villages took on the shapes of circle segments. Considering the demarcation technique, the accuracy of the boundary staking was high. The deviation from a perfect circle did not exceed approximately ± 60 m, and the length of the arc radius varied between 1500 and 2200 m. The historical village boundaries from medieval times, preserved to this day in their residual form, have a historic character due to their antiquity and should be protected.

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Khalil, Ibrahim Abdel-Messih. "The Global Burden of Rotavirus Diarrheal Diseases: Results from the Global Burden of Diseases Study 2016." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 4, suppl_1 (2017): S363. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofx163.885.

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Abstract Background More than 1,300,000 deaths were attributable to diarrhea in 2015, with more than 400,000 of these deaths from children under 5 years of age. The Global Burden of Disease Study 2016 (GBD2016), an ongoing effort to measure global epidemiological trends, estimates diarrhea disease burden and the burden attributable to rotavirus and other enteric pathogens. Methods Diarrhea deaths are estimated using a suite of prediction models for all ages, both sexes, and for all countries and some subnational geographic areas from 1980 to 2016 using an ensemble modeling tool called CODEm. To estimate the burden of rotavirus, we calculated a population attributable fraction using a counter-factual approach by modeling the proportion of diarrheal cases that are positive for rotavirus and applying odds ratios describing the odds of diarrhea given rotavirus detection. Results In 2016, rotavirus was the leading cause of diarrhea mortality in children under 5 years old, responsible for 29.5% of diarrhea deaths in this age group (149,200 deaths, 95% Uncertainty Interval (UI): 119,200–189,400), and responsible for 15.3% of diarrhea deaths among all ages (202,300 deaths, 95% UI: 165,800–246,400). The population attributable fraction of diarrhea mortality due to rotavirus is generally stable across geographic regions. The global attributable fraction of rotavirus decreased by 24.2% (95% UI: 16.7–31.6%) between 2005 and 2016 Conclusion The global deaths attributable to rotavirus in children under 5 is substantial and the burden in older children and adults may be unrecognized. GBD 2016 estimates describe epidemiological trends for rotavirus diarrhea and will inform evidence-based Public Health policy, to reduce the global burden of rotavirus. Our findings call for acceleration of delivery existing rotavirus vaccines and development of more affordable options for Low and Middle Income countries. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

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Wu, Yue, David Schwebel, and Guoqing Hu. "Disparities in Unintentional Occupational Injury Mortality between High-Income Countries and Low- and Middle-Income Countries: 1990–2016." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 10 (2018): 2296. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15102296.

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Objective: Using estimates from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study, we examined differences in unintentional occupational injury mortality rates from 1990 to 2016 between high-income countries (HICs) and low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Methods: Unintentional occupational injury mortality rates were obtained through the GBD online visualization tool. We quantified mortality changes over time for common external causes of injury for ages 15–49 years and 50–69 years separately in HICs and LMICs using negative binomial regression models. Results: In 2016, there were 24,396 and 303,999 unintentional occupational injury deaths among individuals aged 15 to 69 years in HICs and LMICs, respectively, corresponding to 3.1 and 7.0 per 100,000 people. Between 1990 and 2016, unintentional occupational injury mortality for people aged 15–69 years dropped 46% (from 5.7 to 3.1 per 100,000 people) in HICs and 42% in LMICs (from 13.2 to 7.0 per 100,000 people). Sustained and large disparities existed between HICs and LMICs for both sexes and both age groups during 1990–2016 (mortality rate ratio: 2.2–2.4). All unintentional occupational injury causes of death displayed significant reduction with one exception (ages 15–49 years in HICs). Country-specific analysis revealed large variations in unintentional occupational injury mortality and changes in occupational injury mortality between 1990 and 2016. Conclusions: Despite substantial decreases in mortality between 1990 and 2016 for both HICs and LMICs, a large disparity continues to exist between HICs and LMICs. Multifaceted efforts are needed to reduce the disparity.

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McClure, Julia. "Earthrise." Medieval History Journal 20, no. 1 (2017): 89–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0971945816687683.

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This article uses Franciscan history to explore an alternative approach to global history. Following Benjamin Lazier’s observations about ‘Earthrise’, which showed that images of the world have been entangled with intellectual and political discourses, this article explores the Franciscans’ own Earthrise perspective which can be traced in the spiritual and mystical writings produced in the late Middle Ages. The aim of this article is not only to contest the kind of periodisation which has seen the global turn and ‘global era’ as peculiarly ‘modern’, but to suggest that any study of the ‘global’ must incorporate an analysis of the multilayered nature of that concept. It suggests that the global is not so much a scale as an idea, and considers how the hyper-local place of the body can be a site for realising a global vision.

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Ishii, Yuji, Kazuaki Hori, Arata Momohara, Toshimichi Nakanishi, and Wan Hong. "Middle to late-Holocene decreased fluvial aggradation and widespread peat initiation in the Ishikari lowland (northern Japan)." Holocene 26, no. 12 (2016): 1924–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959683616646189.

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This study investigated the influence of sea-level and climate changes on the decreased fluvial aggradation and subsequent widespread peat initiation in the middle to late-Holocene in the Ishikari lowland, which is a coastal floodplain formed in response to the postglacial sea-level change. By introducing a new approach to separately evaluate the rates of organic and clastic sediment input, we demonstrated that the peat began to form when the fluvial sedimentation rate was significantly decreased (less than 0.6 mm/yr), while plant macrofossil analysis suggested that lowering of water level is also important to the peat initiation. Such changes in sedimentary environment may be associated with the abrupt abandonment of crevasse splays. The concentrated ages of the peat initiation around 5600–5000, 4600–4300, and 4100–3600 cal. BP suggest that an allogenic control promoted the abandonment of crevasse splays, and different onset ages can be explained by different fluvial responses of the Ishikari River and its tributaries. The abandonment of crevasse splays could result from sea-level fall or decreased precipitation. While submillennial sea-level fluctuations coincident with the peat initiation have not been reported in coastal lowlands of Japan, the close comparison of the onset ages and decreased precipitation recorded in a stalagmite from China, which represents the strength of the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM), suggests that decrease in precipitation led to the abandonment of crevasse splays. Our results may indicate that similar fluvial responses might be common in other coastal floodplains affected by the EASM.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Global Middle Ages'

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