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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Global norms

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Academic literature on the topic 'Global norms'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 2 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Global norms"

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Finnemore, Martha, and Duncan B. Hollis. "Constructing Norms for Global Cybersecurity." American Journal of International Law 110, no. 3 (July 2016): 425–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0002930000016894.

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On February 16, 2016, a U.S. court ordered Apple to circumvent the security features of an iPhone 5C used by one of the terrorists who committed the San Bernardino shootings. Apple refused. It argued that breaking encryption for one phone could not be done without undermining the security of encryption more generally. It made a public appeal for “everyone to step back and consider the implications” of having a “back door” key to unlock any phone—which governments (and others) could deploy to track users or access their data. The U.S. government eventually withdrew its suit after the F.B.I. hired an outside party to access the phone. But the incident sparked a wide-ranging debate over the appropriate standards of behavior for companies like Apple and for their customers in constructing and using information and communication technologies (ICTs). That debate, in turn, is part of a much larger conversation. Essential as the Internet is, “rules of the road” for cyberspace are often unclear and have become the focus of serious conflicts.

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Trenin, Dmitri. "Russia and global security norms." Washington Quarterly 27, no. 2 (March 2004): 61–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/016366004773097713.

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Skurko, E. V. "DEGLOBALIZATION: FROM GLOBAL LEGAL NORMS TO GLOBAL LEGAL PLURALISM." Pravovedenie IAZH, no. 1 (2021): 160–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.31249/rgpravo/2021.01.17.

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The review examines the current problems of globalization in the legal sphere: the issue of global legal norms, legal globalization, modern processes of de-globalization and their «normative project».

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Vesely, Stepan, and Christian A. Klöckner. "Global Social Norms and Environmental Behavior." Environment and Behavior 50, no. 3 (April 11, 2017): 247–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0013916517702190.

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We adopt a recently introduced incentivized method to elicit widely shared beliefs concerning (a) social norms, (b) environmental effect, and (c) difficulty of a wide range of environmental behaviors. We establish that these characteristics, as reflected in elicited beliefs recorded in one sample, predict (out-of-sample) environmental behaviors in a second separate sample. Pro-environmental behaviors perceived to be more socially appropriate and easier to perform, in particular, are more likely to be chosen. We show that subjective social norms mediate the effect of “global” (widely shared) social norms on behavior, which improves our understanding of the normative processes underlying pro-environmental action. Our use of an incentivized elicitation method might moreover mitigate problems associated with conventional surveys, such as social desirability bias, consistency bias, and inattentive responding, as discussed in the article.

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Okereke, Chukwumerije. "Equity Norms in Global Environmental Governance." Global Environmental Politics 8, no. 3 (August 2008): 25–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/glep.2008.8.3.25.

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Contestations over justice and equity in international environmental regimes present striking evidence of the struggle to create institutions for global environmental governance that are based on widely shared ethical standards of responsibility and accountability. Focusing on two key equity norms—the common heritage of mankind (CHM) and common but differentiated responsibility (CDR)—this paper highlights four factors that affect the influence of moral responsibility norms in global environmental regimes: (i) source and force of articulation; (ii) nature of issue-area; (iii) “moral temper” of the international community; and (iv) “fitness” of norms with the prevailing neoliberal economic idea and structure. Consequent upon the argument that the most important of all these factors is the “fitness” with the extant neoliberal order, the paper questions the assumptions of the burgeoning constructivist scholarship that tends to overemphasize the independent role of intersubjective beliefs in international politics. Further, it is suggested that the abiding “responsibility deficit” in institutions for global environmental governance is due mostly to the successful co-optation of equity norms for neoliberal ends.

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Caldwell, Marc. "Proto-norms and global media ethics." Communicatio 40, no. 3 (July 3, 2014): 239–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02500167.2014.932296.

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Cold-Ravnkilde, Signe Marie, Lars Engberg-Pedersen, and Adam Moe Fejerskov. "Global norms and heterogeneous development organizations." Progress in Development Studies 18, no. 2 (January 25, 2018): 77–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1464993417750289.

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Contemporary development cooperation is characterized by an increasing tension between a growing diversity of actors and significant attempts at homogenizing development practices through global norms prescribing ‘good development’. This special issue shows empirically how diverse development organizations engage with global norms on gender equality. To understand this diversity of norm-engagement conceptually, this introductory article proposes four explanatory dimensions: (i) organizational history, culture and structures; (ii) actor strategies, emotions and relationships; (iii) organizational pressures and priorities; and (iv) the normativeenvironment and stakeholders. We argue that, while development organizations cannot avoid addressing global norms regarding gender equality, they do so in considerably divergent ways. However, the differences are explained less by whether these organizations constitute ‘new’ or ‘old’ donors than by the four identified dimensions.

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Chorev, Nitsan. "Changing Global Norms through Reactive Diffusion." American Sociological Review 77, no. 5 (September 30, 2012): 831–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003122412457156.

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This article explores conditions under which global norms change. I use a case study in which the original interpretation of an international agreement on intellectual property rights was modified to address demands for improved access to affordable AIDS drugs. Conventional theories that focus on international negotiations cannot fully account for the events in this case. Drawing on the theory of recursivity and insights from the literature on diffusion, I suggest that shifts in global norms occur through reactive diffusion of policies across states. Experiences accumulated in this ongoing process of reinvention eventually lead to a new, globally accepted reinterpretation of the original obligation.

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Toope, Stephen J. "Internationalism and Global Norms for Neuroethics." American Journal of Bioethics 9, no. 1 (January 5, 2009): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15265160802617902.

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Bartram, Dave. "Global Norms: Towards Some Guidelines for Aggregating Personality Norms Across Countries." International Journal of Testing 8, no. 4 (November 13, 2008): 315–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15305050802435037.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Global norms"

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Hough, Peter. "Global norms and the international regulation of pesticide production and use." Thesis, City University London, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.239977.

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Staton, Nicollette Marie. "International Anti-Trafficking Norms in Kosovo:How local actors implement global expectations." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1399566636.

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Restoy, Enrique. "Global norms-domestic practice : the role of community-based organisations in the diffusion of HIV and human rights norms." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2016. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/59591/.

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International norms are central to international relations because they constitute key instruments to influence state behaviour (Finnemore and Sikkink, 1998; Risse and Sikkink, 1999; Acharya, 2004). The process by which international norms, principles and procedures diffuse into national systems is called norm diffusion (Krook and True, 2010; Towns, 2012; Brown, 2014). This thesis contributes to our understanding of the complexities of norm diffusion processes by undertaking the first in-depth analysis of the role that community-based organizations (CBOs) play in such processes. Focusing on the area of global health norms regarding HIV/AIDS, and based on extensive field research undertaken in Honduras, Ukraine, Uganda, and El Salvador, the thesis presents evidence of the CBOs analysed playing various essential roles in the diffusion of international norms domestically. First, they may act as implementers of such norms ensuring their appropriation among the populations they represent and generating local practice, on occasion even bypassing their own governments when these have rejected such norms. Second, CBOs may also be able to influence their governments and other relevant state actors at the later stages of norm diffusion, when states are deemed to implement international norms through their integration into national practice, even to the point of making states change their stated positions on certain international norms. Thirdly, through the simultaneous interaction with and entanglement in multiple norm diffusion processes, CBOs may also be able to alter such processes by tactically interlinking them and affecting their respective outcomes.

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Aseeva, Anna. "Global good process standards and world trade law : a study of norms and normativity in global law and governance perspective." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016IEPP0003.

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Les flux, le droit et les politiques du commerce mondial, et les standards consensuels non étatiques applicables aux domaines tels que l’environnement, la santé, la sécurité, etc. s’influencent mutuellement. Ils affectent également les processus identifiés comme « gouvernance globale ». L’interface de ces trois thèmes a constitué le principal point d’intérêt de ma recherche. Dans cette thèse, mon objectif général était non seulement de décrire l’interface, les pratiques et les diverses conjonctures pertinentes du droit et des standards dans le contexte de la globalisation du commerce transfrontalier, mais aussi, et même surtout, de les évaluer d’une façon critique. L’idée-clé de ma thèse était d’inclure différents types de normativités non-juridiques globales dans le droit, et ensuite de les soumettre à une analyse de légitimité plus juste et plus cohérente. Les ambitions susmentionnées ont émergé car aujourd’hui, dans le désordre juridique global, les normativités hybrides échappent tout simplement à la plupart des approches traditionnelles de droit et de légitimité, ces derniers étant principalement construits sur les prémisses liées, directement ou indirectement, à la souveraineté de l’État moderne. Un résultat méthodologique général de cette réorientation se situe dans l’argument que le droit, ainsi réorienté, pourrait alors effectuer une tâche fondamentalement différente de celle qu’il aurait eu sur la base d’une théorie juridique plus traditionnelle (positiviste), plus descriptive (sociologique), ou plus normative (critique), si utilisées à elles seules. Le message principal des ambitions précitées est que le droit peut et doit être repensé de manière que tout type de normativités globales dotées d’impressionnante force normative et régulatrice, mais avec une légitimité sociale douteuse, puisse être inclut dans le droit, exactement aux fins d’évaluer leur légitimité vis-à-vis du public global<br>World trade flows, law and policies and non-state voluntary standards relating to social imperatives, such as environment, health, safety, etc. influence each other. They also affect processes identified as ‘global governance’. These three themes constituted the major crossing point of interest of my research. In this thesis, my general aim was to not only describe the interface, practices, and various relevant occurrences of cross-border trade law and standards in the globalisation context, but also, and indeed especially, to critically assess them. The pivotal idea of my thesis was to include different kinds of global quasi-legal normativities into law, and to submit them to a more just and coherent legitimacy analysis. The abovementioned ambitions emerged because today, hybrid normativities in the global legal disorder simply escape most of more traditional approaches to law and legitimacy, which mainly draw on state sovereignty-related premises. A general methodological outcome of this re-orientation was that law might then carry a fundamentally different task than the one that it would have had on the basis of a traditional jurisprudential (positivist), a descriptive (sociological), or a normative (critical), account alone. The main normative message of the aforesaid ambitions was that law could and should be re-thought in a way that any kind of normativities with impressive global normative and regulatory force, yet with dubious social legitimacy, can be included in it exactly for the purposes of assessing their legitimacy vis-à-vis the global public

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Hague, Rowan Social Sciences &amp International Studies Faculty of Arts &amp Social Sciences UNSW. "The governance of AIDS in China: assessing the impact of global norms." Publisher:University of New South Wales. Social Sciences & International Studies, 2008. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/43107.

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This thesis documents the development of the Chinese government??s response to HIV/AIDS in the context of the global AIDS regime in order to assess when, how and to what extent international AIDS norms have had an impact upon China??s governance of AIDS. Employing an applied constructivist framework, the thesis argues that the impact of global norms at the domestic level has been contingent on a) the socializing actions of norm entrepreneurs, b) the domestic political context and c) crisis. In the case of China and the impact of global AIDS norms, the central argument is that key elements of China??s domestic political context minimized the socializing affects of the global AIDS regime until the SARS crisis in 2003 led to a reappraisal of AIDS in the context of political legitimacy, at which time global AIDS norms began to have increasing salience in China. This thesis begins by identifying the evolution of a global AIDS regime before moving on to an exploration of China??s domestic political context. The thesis then documents and analyses China??s governance of AIDS from 1985 to 2007 through the use of five indicators ?? political commitment, legislation and policy, representation of AIDS in the media, the participation of civil society, and international engagement. The findings demonstrate that there has been a significant change between China??s pre-SARS and post-SARS AIDS governance with China acting increasingly in accordance with global norms following the SARS crisis of 2003. The thesis proposes that the SARS crisis was catalytic in that it exposed the vulnerability of the Chinese government??s claims to legitimacy, and in so doing, enabled the domestic political context to shift, allowing health, and by extension AIDS, to be reframed as a political issue. Importantly however, when the Chinese government scaled up its response to the epidemic it was able to be guided by the normative framework prescribed by the global AIDS regime.

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Großklaus, Mathias [Verfasser]. "The Intertextuality of Global Norms : Discursive Strategies and Incremental Change / Mathias Großklaus." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1196805946/34.

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Gartner, David J. "The U.S. global AIDS response : norms, interests and the duty to treat." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/59149.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Political Science, 2009.<br>Page 150 blank. Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references.<br>The dissertation seeks to explain the transformation in the response by the United States to the challenge of global AIDS. Between 1998 and 2008, U.S. spending on global AIDS increased 50-fold to over $6 billion. Most conventional explanations of international politics and foreign assistance give a dominant role to various conceptions of interest, including key economic interests and the strategic interest of powerful states. This dissertation tests these dominant theories against a hypothesis that suggests a more significant role for norms and norm entrepreneurs in shaping political decisions. Neither the influence of important economic interests nor the national security interest of the United States can adequately explain the transformation in U.S. global AIDS policy. Instead, an emerging norm around the duty to provide AIDS treatment and the norm entrepreneurs who championed this idea were the driving force in shaping the U.S. response to global AIDS. Emerging norms require effective champions to capture the attention of a wider public and the support of political leaders. Norm entrepreneurs will be most successful when they adopt the strategies of symbolic politics, leverage politics and accountability politics to influence political leaders.<br>by David J. Gartner.<br>Ph.D.

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Koehler, Tine. "What role do norms play in global teamwork? The influence of cultural communication and coordination norms on team processes in internationally distributed teams /." Fairfax, VA : George Mason University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1920/4557.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--George Mason University, 2009.<br>Vita: p. 165. Thesis director: Jose M. Cortina. Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Psychology. Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Oct. 12, 2009). Includes bibliographical references (p. 147-164). Also issued in print.

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Mellors, John. "From global conservation norms to local practices : exploring the conservation of charismatic megafauna in Indonesia." Thesis, University of York, 2015. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/12568/.

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This thesis examines the translation of global environmental norms within an individual nation state right down to the grassroots level. It combines case studies of the conservation of two 'charismatic megafauna' - the Komodo dragon and the orangutan - in Indonesia, with a critical engagement with social constructivist international relations literature In both case studies, the interactions between the national, provincial, and local levels within the conservation matrix are explored through a qualitative methodology based on interviews with key actors and documentary analysis. The analysis reveals that national-level practices have hooked into prominent global conservation norms, but that translation through to the provincial and local levels has proved problematic. Factors that have shaped the transmission of these norms include competing responsibilities and goals across national ministries, particular characteristics of the species and their geographical surroundings, and the historical construction of species identity. The overall argument is that the adoption of international standards of conservation within Indonesia has been shaped by significant internal structures and localised factors. This finding suggests that a better understanding of these local factors, which have been largely neglected in the assessment of conservation strategy, might help improve future global conservation policy. The thesis makes a significant contribution to the wider understanding of global norms, conservation policy and Indonesian policy making.

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McNally, Kyle Joseph. "Global norms and local effects : assistance and protection of internally displaced persons in Sri Lanka." Thesis, Durham University, 2016. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/11495/.

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This thesis is concerned with questions about how international normative frameworks for the assistance and protection of internally displaced persons have come to be understood and applied in a local context. In order to accomplish this, a case study approach has been employed, with Sri Lanka selected as an ideal case study subject for analysis. Systematic reviews of literature concerning the international assistance and protection of internally displaced persons reveal that there is a gap in scholarship in this field – primarily concerning the normative considerations that constitute the Guiding Principles for Internal Displacement. The study that follows examines the formulation of these norms, their expressions, as well implementation and dissemination efforts combined with an analysis of how the local sphere has understood and experienced these processes and these frameworks. The findings from this thesis reveal original academic observations relevant for this field, as well potential policy and theoretical implications for how the international community approaches the dilemma of internal displacement in general.

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Books on the topic "Global norms"

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Sundrijo, Dwi Ardhanariswari. Regionalizing Global Human Rights Norms in Southeast Asia. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54798-1.

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The rise of global corporate social responsibility: Mining and the spread of global norms. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012.

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Dashwood, Hevina S. The rise of global corporate social responsibility: Mining and the spread of global norms. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012.

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The design of competition law institutions: Global norms, local choices. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013.

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Reich, Simon. Global Norms, American Sponsorship and the Emerging Patterns of World Politics. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230289611.

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Gender and human rights politics in Japan: Global norms and domestic networks. Stanford, Calif: Stanford University Press, 2004.

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Chan, Jennifer. Gender and human rights politics in Japan: Global norms and domestic networks. Stanford, Calif: Stanford University Press, 2004.

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Suerie, Moon, ed. Informal norms in global governance: Human rights, intellectual property rules and access to medicines. Farnham: Ashgate, 2012.

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Reconstituting internet normativity: The role of State, private actors, global online community in the production of legal norms. Baden-Baden: Nomos, 2015.

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Assembe-Mvondo, Samuel. Towards international norms of sustainable forest management: A review of state practice from the regional to the global level. Joensuu: University of Eastern Finland, 2011.

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Book chapters on the topic "Global norms"

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Bernstein, Steven. "Global Environmental Norms." In The Handbook of Global Climate and Environment Policy, 127–45. Oxford, UK: John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118326213.ch8.

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Abumere, Frank Aragbonfoh. "Norms." In The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Global Security Studies, 1–6. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74336-3_258-1.

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Bengtsson, Rikard. "The EU and Global Economic Governance: Playing the Role of a Global Leader?" In Importing EU Norms, 39–54. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13740-7_4.

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Hundt, Marianne. "Global feature — local norms?" In World Englishes – Problems, Properties and Prospects, 287–308. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/veaw.g40.18hun.

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Tskhay, Aliya. "The Theory of Norms: Norm Emergence, Implementation and Diffusion." In Global Norm Compliance, 15–38. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-41452-8_2.

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Conti, Alfredo. "Norms of Quito (1967)." In Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology, 1–3. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51726-1_567-2.

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Conti, Alfredo. "Norms of Quito (1967)." In Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology, 5312–14. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_567.

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Conti, Alfredo. "Norms of Quito (1967)." In Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology, 7822–24. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30018-0_567.

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Gutterman, Ellen, and Mathis Lohaus. "What is the “Anti-corruption” Norm in Global Politics?" In Corruption and Norms, 241–68. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66254-1_12.

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Korostelev, Alexander, and Olga Korosteleva. "Asymptotic optimality in global norms." In Graduate Studies in Mathematics, 167–82. Providence, Rhode Island: American Mathematical Society, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1090/gsm/119/12.

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Conference papers on the topic "Global norms"

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Albayumi, Fuat, M. Fahri Priambudi, and Abubakar Hara. "Resistance and Acceptance on the Diffusion of Global Norms of Child Participation in Indonesia." In 1st International Conference on Science and Technology in Administration and Management Information, ICSTIAMI 2019, 17-18 July 2019, Jakarta, Indonesia. EAI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.17-7-2019.2303520.

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Ketfi, Abdelbassat, Merzak Gharnaout, Mohamed Bougrida, and Helmi Ben Saad. "The multi-ethnic global lung initiative 2012 (GLI-2012) norms reflect contemporary adult's algerian spirometry." In ERS International Congress 2018 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2018.pa1390.

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Baiasu, Daniela. "Online Ethics During COVID-19 Pandemic." In 2nd International Conference Global Ethics - Key of Sustainability (GEKoS). LUMEN Publishing House, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/lumproc/gekos2021/14.

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Ethics represents an important role in any society, applicable to all activities. Online information, during its evolution, applied many changes in all the domains, changes that may affect the principles of ethics. The continued freedom to use the online environment, the failure to establish clear rules both nationally and internationally can lead to many problems, most of which are ethical. Although ethics is an important value of society, in reality, it serves as an established virtue. This paper reveals the fact that the limits of ethics can be easily violated, showing which possible dangers can be met and, with attention, avoided. Using the Internet has become a priority in any domain: economic, cultural, academic, educational, and social. The most obvious change could be observed at the social level. Thus, more and more people prefer to socialize online, through social networks. Within these networks, most cases of violation of ethical norms can be observed. That is why certain ethical standards should be set clear enough to protect the privacy of users. The restrictions imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic have led more and more people to use the online environment (online work, online education). With the increase in the rate of use of the online environment, online illegalities have also increased, legalities that violate the principles of ethics. We must not neglect that any action in the online environment exposes the user to certain risks. We consider online users must get informed about possible risks and problems that may arise from browsing online. Thus, good information of the population, as well as continuously updated legislation, can help to respect the norms of ethics in the online environment

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Mishatkina, T. V. "BIOETHICS: NEW PARADIGMS IN A CHANGING WORLD." In Uzbekistan and Central Asia: Current Social and Humanitarian Issues 21st Century Science, Integration and Future Trends. National University of Uzbekistan named after Mirzo Ulugbek Faculty of Social Sciences Department of "Philosophy and Logic", 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26739/conf/28052020_1-1.

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The concept of global bioethics, which, according to its founder V.R. Potter, all-encompassing, all-embracing, total, universal character, orients scientists towards solving global problems facing humanity, towards that the norms and principles of bioethics should be extended to the entire biosphere in order to regulate and control human intervention in the area of various manifestations of life.

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Tofiq, Hardi. "Documentary credit between international rules and norms and Iraqi trade law." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF DEFICIENCIES AND INFLATION ASPECTS IN LEGISLATION. University of Human Development, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21928/uhdicdial.pp164-180.

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The difference in the countries to which both the seller and the buyer belong in the commercial exchanges has increased the discrepancy in the laws and rules that govern the conduct of the most important banking count approved for the settlement of such exchanges, which is the documentary credit process, as a result of the different economic, banking and financial systems from the other, so there was a need to unify These customs and customs are in a unified form, which is called today the unified rules and customs of documentary credit, which are applied to the conduct of documentary credit contracts at the global level. Therefore, we consider it necessary to make an amendment in the Iraqi law regarding the organization of the documentary credit process, because the articles related to the provisions of documentary credits are not sufficient in themselves to indicate all the problems that may result from it due to developments in international trade.

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Mihai (Vasile), Iuliana. "Possibilities for Implementing Anti-Bullying Elements in the e-Learning Process." In 2nd International Conference Global Ethics - Key of Sustainability (GEKoS). LUMEN Publishing House, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/lumproc/gekos2021/17.

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Bullying is not a new phenomenon, but it has spread in recent years through a new form: cyber-bullying, as a result of technological evolution. The negative effects are multiple, from anxiety, health problems, to dropping out of school and even suicide. To make the school a safe environment for children, methodological norms have appeared to prevent and combat bullying manifestations in the school environment. In the context of the Covid-19 pandemic, when many activities continued online, education also acquired a new dimension: e-Learning. Information devices (computers, tablets, smartphones) have taken over the occupations of young people and exposed them to cyber risks, pseudo-socialization, technological dependence. Online safety of students is a necessity and a topical issue, in which the family, the school and the community should be involved, and training through courses is a first step in solving this problem. This paper briefly presents the dangers caused by the misuse of technology, as well as the entrepreneurial perspective of anti-bullying intervention, through online training courses.

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Pijovic, Nikola. "The Cyberspace ‘Great Game’. The Five Eyes, the Sino-Russian Bloc and the Growing Competition to Shape Global Cyberspace Norms." In 2021 13th International Conference on Cyber Conflict (CyCon). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/cycon51939.2021.9468296.

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Adam, Avshalom M. "A Comment on the Ethics Statements of Global Non-Governmental Organizations and their Relation to Sustainable Development Goals." In 2nd International Conference Global Ethics - Key of Sustainability (GEKoS). LUMEN Publishing House, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/lumproc/gekos2021/01.

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Human endeavors can be understood at the levels of evaluating what is good (values identification) and judging what is right (norms identification). These ethical considerations ideally find expression by becoming embedded in daily activity, with the ideal often buttressed by formal laws and regulations. Commitments to a strategy of sustainable management remain principally an ethical (rather than a regulatory) issue and are addressed primarily by non-governmental organizations (NGOs) rather than states. The United Nations’ 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) offer a blueprint for a more sustainable future. Faced with the consequences of climate change, natural disasters, environmental degradation, armed conflicts, and mass migration, NGOs’ commitments to the SDGs may be expressed in their engagement with meeting the immediate basic needs of present generations (e.g., for clean air, clean water, food, clothing, and shelter) and by humanitarian or developmental actions (which are part and parcel of sustainability development strategy and its implementation). In the present paper, I will offer a preliminary exploration of the question, to what extent do NGOs’ ethical commitments encompass strategy-led sustainable development capable of contributing to improving the likelihood of survival of a vulnerable population?

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Huszár, Sándor, and Zoltán Majó-Petri. "What drives you to use a driverless car?" In The European Union’s Contention in the Reshaping Global Economy. Szeged: Szegedi Tudományegyetem Gazdaságtudományi Kar, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/eucrge.2020.proc.3.

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The investigation of driverless car from the economic perspective is one of the most discussed topics nowadays. Although it can be approached from various perspectives there is still a lack of studies focusing on the behavioral intention to use self-driving cars and its influencing factors. Over the last few decades, various psychological models have been developed to investigate the influencing factors of usage of certain technologies, but most of them cannot provide clear answers on consumer attitudes and intentions with regard to autonomous vehicles. Thus, new models have appeared to better describe the psychological factors of this new technological development that will revolutionize the future of mobility. In our research CTAM (Car Technology Acceptance Model) was used to measure intention to using self-driving cars. In 2019, 314 participants responded to our questionnaire and provided answers to the given questions. We used structural equation modelling to investigate the linkages between the behavioral intention and influencing factors revealed during the literature review. According to the results, the most important influencing factors of intention are attitude, perceived safety and social norms, while anxiety (of using the technology), effort expectancy, performance expectancy, and self-efficacy have not been proven important factors. The model used in our investigation explains behavioral intention to a great extent (63%).

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Kampf, Constance E. "Socio-cultural norms for corporate social responsibility: Building a political model of the stakeholder for project conception in global business contexts." In 2013 IEEE International Professional Communication Conference (IPCC 2013). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ipcc.2013.6623935.

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Reports on the topic "Global norms"

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Kelly, Luke. Characteristics of Global Health Diplomacy. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.09.

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This rapid review focuses on Global Health Diplomacy and defines it as a method of interaction between the different stakeholders of the public health sector in a bid to promote representation, cooperation, promotion of the right to health and improvement of health systems for vulnerable populations on a global scale. It is the link between health and international relations. GHD has various actors including states, intergovernmental organizations, private companies, public-private partnerships and non-governmental organizations. Foreign policies can be integrated into national health in various ways i.e., designing institutions to govern practices regarding health diplomacy (i.e., health and foreign affairs ministries), creating and promoting norms and ideas that support foreign policy integration and promoting policies that deal with specific issues affecting the different actors in the GHD arena to encourage states to integrate them into their national health strategies. GHD is classified into core diplomacy – where there are bilateral and multilateral negotiations which may lead to binding agreements, multistakeholder diplomacy – where there are multilateral and bilateral negotiations which do not lead to binding agreements and informal diplomacy – which are interactions between other actors in the public health sector i.e., NGOs and Intergovernmental Organizations. The US National Security Strategy of 2010 highlighted the matters to be considered while drafting a health strategy as: the prevalence of the disease, the potential of the state to treat the disease and the value of affected areas. The UK Government Strategy found the drivers of health strategies to be self-interest (protecting security and economic interests of the state), enhancing the UK’s reputation, and focusing on global health to help others. The report views health diplomacy as a field which requires expertise from different disciplines, especially in the field of foreign policy and public health. The lack of diplomatic expertise and health expertise have been cited as barriers to integrating health into foreign policies. States and other actors should collaborate to promote the right to health globally.

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Carter, Becky. Gender Inequalities in the Eastern Neighbourhood Region. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.062.

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This rapid review examines evidence on the structural causes and drivers of gender inequalities in the Eastern Neighbourhood region and how these gender inequalities contribute to instability in the region. While the Eastern Neighbourhood region performs relatively well on gender equality compared with the rest of the world, women and girls continue to face systemic political and economic marginalisation and are vulnerable to gender-based violence. Research on Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, and Moldova identifies the key underlying cause to be a set of traditional patriarchal gender norms, intersecting with conservative religious identities and harmful customary practices. These norms do not operate in isolation: the literature highlights that gender inequalities are caused by the interplay of multiple factors (with women’s unequal economic resources having a critical effect), while overlapping disadvantages affect lived experiences of inequalities. Other key factors are the region’s protracted conflicts; legal reform gaps and implementation challenges; socio-economic factors (including the impact of COVID-19); and governance trends (systemic corruption, growing conservatism, and negative narratives influenced by regional geopolitics). Together these limit women and girls’ empowerment; men and boys are also affected negatively in different ways, while LGBT+ people have become a particular target for societal discrimination in the region. Global evidence – showing that more gender unequal societies correlate with increased instability – provides a frame of reference for the region’s persistent gender inequalities.

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El Hallabi, M., and R. A. Tapia. A Global Convergence Theory for Arbitrary Norm Trust-Region Methods for Nonlinear Equations. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada444977.

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Lai, Ming-Jun, and Wotao Yin. Augmented l1 and Nuclear-Norm Models with a Globally Linearly Convergent Algorithm. Revision 1. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada580580.

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Yatsymirska, Mariya. SOCIAL EXPRESSION IN MULTIMEDIA TEXTS. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.49.11072.

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The article investigates functional techniques of extralinguistic expression in multimedia texts; the effectiveness of figurative expressions as a reaction to modern events in Ukraine and their influence on the formation of public opinion is shown. Publications of journalists, broadcasts of media resonators, experts, public figures, politicians, readers are analyzed. The language of the media plays a key role in shaping the worldview of the young political elite in the first place. The essence of each statement is a focused thought that reacts to events in the world or in one’s own country. The most popular platform for mass information and social interaction is, first of all, network journalism, which is characterized by mobility and unlimited time and space. Authors have complete freedom to express their views in direct language, including their own word formation. Phonetic, lexical, phraseological and stylistic means of speech create expression of the text. A figurative word, a good aphorism or proverb, a paraphrased expression, etc. enhance the effectiveness of a multimedia text. This is especially important for headlines that simultaneously inform and influence the views of millions of readers. Given the wide range of issues raised by the Internet as a medium, research in this area is interdisciplinary. The science of information, combining language and social communication, is at the forefront of global interactions. The Internet is an effective source of knowledge and a forum for free thought. Nonlinear texts (hypertexts) – «branching texts or texts that perform actions on request», multimedia texts change the principles of information collection, storage and dissemination, involving billions of readers in the discussion of global issues. Mastering the word is not an easy task if the author of the publication is not well-read, is not deep in the topic, does not know the psychology of the audience for which he writes. Therefore, the study of media broadcasting is an important component of the professional training of future journalists. The functions of the language of the media require the authors to make the right statements and convincing arguments in the text. Journalism education is not only knowledge of imperative and dispositive norms, but also apodictic ones. In practice, this means that there are rules in media creativity that are based on logical necessity. Apodicticity is the first sign of impressive language on the platform of print or electronic media. Social expression is a combination of creative abilities and linguistic competencies that a journalist realizes in his activity. Creative self-expression is realized in a set of many important factors in the media: the choice of topic, convincing arguments, logical presentation of ideas and deep philological education. Linguistic art, in contrast to painting, music, sculpture, accumulates all visual, auditory, tactile and empathic sensations in a universal sign – the word. The choice of the word for the reproduction of sensory and semantic meanings, its competent use in the appropriate context distinguishes the journalist-intellectual from other participants in forums, round tables, analytical or entertainment programs. Expressive speech in the media is a product of the intellect (ability to think) of all those who write on socio-political or economic topics. In the same plane with him – intelligence (awareness, prudence), the first sign of which (according to Ivan Ogienko) is a good knowledge of the language. Intellectual language is an important means of organizing a journalistic text. It, on the one hand, logically conveys the author’s thoughts, and on the other – encourages the reader to reflect and comprehend what is read. The richness of language is accumulated through continuous self-education and interesting communication. Studies of social expression as an important factor influencing the formation of public consciousness should open up new facets of rational and emotional media broadcasting; to trace physical and psychological reactions to communicative mimicry in the media. Speech mimicry as one of the methods of disguise is increasingly becoming a dangerous factor in manipulating the media. Mimicry is an unprincipled adaptation to the surrounding social conditions; one of the most famous examples of an animal characterized by mimicry (change of protective color and shape) is a chameleon. In a figurative sense, chameleons are called adaptive journalists. Observations show that mimicry in politics is to some extent a kind of game that, like every game, is always conditional and artificial.

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Sosa, Martín, Lynn Scholl, Juan Manuel Leaño, Michael Fleischmann, Cristian Navas, and Juan Pablo Benitez. El potencial del remote sensing y las políticas de reducción de emisiones como catalizadores de la renovación de la flota de transporte en Asunción, Paraguay. Inter-American Development Bank, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003304.

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El sector de transporte genera contribuciones significativas de emisiones locales y globales de gases de efecto invernadero y también de material particulado. Los servicios de transporte masivo en buses presentan altas tasas de emisiones dado el tipo de combustible del cual dependen y, en el caso de América Latina y el Caribe (ALC) estas externalidades son aún más severas dados los rezagos de regulación del sector, la informalidad y la edad promedio muy alta de la flota vehicular. Este documento presenta a la utilización de la tecnología remote sensing como una herramienta para reducción de las emisiones contaminantes locales de vehículos de transporte de pasajeros del rea Metropolitana de Asunción, Paraguay. El documento parte de una presentación de casos de aplicación de remote sensing en varias ciudades del mundo y de la región de ALC y luego delinea los beneficios, consideraciones y recomendaciones de replicar la implementación del remote sensing en Paraguay. Se analiza el potencial de esta tecnología para identificar vehículos con tasas más altas de emisiones locales, y a partir de esta herramienta, conceptualizar y desarrollar un mecanismo de aplicación de normas de emisiones contaminantes en Paraguay, que por medio de un sistema de multas sustente un fondo para la renovación de flota del transporte.

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Forced sexual relations among married young women in developing countries. Population Council, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/pgy22.1007.

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Recent research in developing countries suggests that a considerable number of young women may experience forced sex within marriage, but most women may be inhibited from reporting these experiences due to shame, fear of reprisal, or deep-rooted unequal gender norms. In September 2003, a global consultative meeting on nonconsensual sex among young people in developing countries was held in New Delhi, India. The meeting was organized by the Population Council in collaboration with World Health Organization/Department of Reproductive Health and Research, and Family Health International/YouthNet. Participants included researchers, legal analysts, representatives from community-based NGOs, policy-makers, and young people themselves. Papers highlighting the nature and prevalence of coercion among married young women were presented. Sessions examined the following issues in relation to nonconsensual sex: experiences of young females and males: prevalence, forms, and contexts; youth perspectives; patterns of transactional sex; roles of the legal system; outcomes of coercion at the individual and community level; interventions to prevent nonconsensual sex and to support and treat victims; and research design and methods. Several recommendations for action to address factors that heighten young women’s vulnerability to coercive sexual relationships within marriage were presented.

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