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Hough, Peter. "Global norms and the international regulation of pesticide production and use." Thesis, City University London, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.239977.
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Staton, Nicollette Marie. "International Anti-Trafficking Norms in Kosovo:How local actors implement global expectations." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1399566636.
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Restoy, Enrique. "Global norms-domestic practice : the role of community-based organisations in the diffusion of HIV and human rights norms." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2016. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/59591/.
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International norms are central to international relations because they constitute key instruments to influence state behaviour (Finnemore and Sikkink, 1998; Risse and Sikkink, 1999; Acharya, 2004). The process by which international norms, principles and procedures diffuse into national systems is called norm diffusion (Krook and True, 2010; Towns, 2012; Brown, 2014). This thesis contributes to our understanding of the complexities of norm diffusion processes by undertaking the first in-depth analysis of the role that community-based organizations (CBOs) play in such processes. Focusing on the area of global health norms regarding HIV/AIDS, and based on extensive field research undertaken in Honduras, Ukraine, Uganda, and El Salvador, the thesis presents evidence of the CBOs analysed playing various essential roles in the diffusion of international norms domestically. First, they may act as implementers of such norms ensuring their appropriation among the populations they represent and generating local practice, on occasion even bypassing their own governments when these have rejected such norms. Second, CBOs may also be able to influence their governments and other relevant state actors at the later stages of norm diffusion, when states are deemed to implement international norms through their integration into national practice, even to the point of making states change their stated positions on certain international norms. Thirdly, through the simultaneous interaction with and entanglement in multiple norm diffusion processes, CBOs may also be able to alter such processes by tactically interlinking them and affecting their respective outcomes.
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Aseeva, Anna. "Global good process standards and world trade law : a study of norms and normativity in global law and governance perspective." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016IEPP0003.
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Les flux, le droit et les politiques du commerce mondial, et les standards consensuels non étatiques applicables aux domaines tels que l’environnement, la santé, la sécurité, etc. s’influencent mutuellement. Ils affectent également les processus identifiés comme « gouvernance globale ». L’interface de ces trois thèmes a constitué le principal point d’intérêt de ma recherche. Dans cette thèse, mon objectif général était non seulement de décrire l’interface, les pratiques et les diverses conjonctures pertinentes du droit et des standards dans le contexte de la globalisation du commerce transfrontalier, mais aussi, et même surtout, de les évaluer d’une façon critique. L’idée-clé de ma thèse était d’inclure différents types de normativités non-juridiques globales dans le droit, et ensuite de les soumettre à une analyse de légitimité plus juste et plus cohérente. Les ambitions susmentionnées ont émergé car aujourd’hui, dans le désordre juridique global, les normativités hybrides échappent tout simplement à la plupart des approches traditionnelles de droit et de légitimité, ces derniers étant principalement construits sur les prémisses liées, directement ou indirectement, à la souveraineté de l’État moderne. Un résultat méthodologique général de cette réorientation se situe dans l’argument que le droit, ainsi réorienté, pourrait alors effectuer une tâche fondamentalement différente de celle qu’il aurait eu sur la base d’une théorie juridique plus traditionnelle (positiviste), plus descriptive (sociologique), ou plus normative (critique), si utilisées à elles seules. Le message principal des ambitions précitées est que le droit peut et doit être repensé de manière que tout type de normativités globales dotées d’impressionnante force normative et régulatrice, mais avec une légitimité sociale douteuse, puisse être inclut dans le droit, exactement aux fins d’évaluer leur légitimité vis-à-vis du public global<br>World trade flows, law and policies and non-state voluntary standards relating to social imperatives, such as environment, health, safety, etc. influence each other. They also affect processes identified as ‘global governance’. These three themes constituted the major crossing point of interest of my research. In this thesis, my general aim was to not only describe the interface, practices, and various relevant occurrences of cross-border trade law and standards in the globalisation context, but also, and indeed especially, to critically assess them. The pivotal idea of my thesis was to include different kinds of global quasi-legal normativities into law, and to submit them to a more just and coherent legitimacy analysis. The abovementioned ambitions emerged because today, hybrid normativities in the global legal disorder simply escape most of more traditional approaches to law and legitimacy, which mainly draw on state sovereignty-related premises. A general methodological outcome of this re-orientation was that law might then carry a fundamentally different task than the one that it would have had on the basis of a traditional jurisprudential (positivist), a descriptive (sociological), or a normative (critical), account alone. The main normative message of the aforesaid ambitions was that law could and should be re-thought in a way that any kind of normativities with impressive global normative and regulatory force, yet with dubious social legitimacy, can be included in it exactly for the purposes of assessing their legitimacy vis-à-vis the global public
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Hague, Rowan Social Sciences & International Studies Faculty of Arts & Social Sciences UNSW. "The governance of AIDS in China: assessing the impact of global norms." Publisher:University of New South Wales. Social Sciences & International Studies, 2008. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/43107.
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This thesis documents the development of the Chinese government??s response to HIV/AIDS in the context of the global AIDS regime in order to assess when, how and to what extent international AIDS norms have had an impact upon China??s governance of AIDS. Employing an applied constructivist framework, the thesis argues that the impact of global norms at the domestic level has been contingent on a) the socializing actions of norm entrepreneurs, b) the domestic political context and c) crisis. In the case of China and the impact of global AIDS norms, the central argument is that key elements of China??s domestic political context minimized the socializing affects of the global AIDS regime until the SARS crisis in 2003 led to a reappraisal of AIDS in the context of political legitimacy, at which time global AIDS norms began to have increasing salience in China. This thesis begins by identifying the evolution of a global AIDS regime before moving on to an exploration of China??s domestic political context. The thesis then documents and analyses China??s governance of AIDS from 1985 to 2007 through the use of five indicators ?? political commitment, legislation and policy, representation of AIDS in the media, the participation of civil society, and international engagement. The findings demonstrate that there has been a significant change between China??s pre-SARS and post-SARS AIDS governance with China acting increasingly in accordance with global norms following the SARS crisis of 2003. The thesis proposes that the SARS crisis was catalytic in that it exposed the vulnerability of the Chinese government??s claims to legitimacy, and in so doing, enabled the domestic political context to shift, allowing health, and by extension AIDS, to be reframed as a political issue. Importantly however, when the Chinese government scaled up its response to the epidemic it was able to be guided by the normative framework prescribed by the global AIDS regime.
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Großklaus, Mathias [Verfasser]. "The Intertextuality of Global Norms : Discursive Strategies and Incremental Change / Mathias Großklaus." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1196805946/34.
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Gartner, David J. "The U.S. global AIDS response : norms, interests and the duty to treat." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/59149.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Political Science, 2009.<br>Page 150 blank. Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references.<br>The dissertation seeks to explain the transformation in the response by the United States to the challenge of global AIDS. Between 1998 and 2008, U.S. spending on global AIDS increased 50-fold to over $6 billion. Most conventional explanations of international politics and foreign assistance give a dominant role to various conceptions of interest, including key economic interests and the strategic interest of powerful states. This dissertation tests these dominant theories against a hypothesis that suggests a more significant role for norms and norm entrepreneurs in shaping political decisions. Neither the influence of important economic interests nor the national security interest of the United States can adequately explain the transformation in U.S. global AIDS policy. Instead, an emerging norm around the duty to provide AIDS treatment and the norm entrepreneurs who championed this idea were the driving force in shaping the U.S. response to global AIDS. Emerging norms require effective champions to capture the attention of a wider public and the support of political leaders. Norm entrepreneurs will be most successful when they adopt the strategies of symbolic politics, leverage politics and accountability politics to influence political leaders.<br>by David J. Gartner.<br>Ph.D.
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Koehler, Tine. "What role do norms play in global teamwork? The influence of cultural communication and coordination norms on team processes in internationally distributed teams /." Fairfax, VA : George Mason University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1920/4557.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--George Mason University, 2009.<br>Vita: p. 165. Thesis director: Jose M. Cortina. Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Psychology. Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Oct. 12, 2009). Includes bibliographical references (p. 147-164). Also issued in print.
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Mellors, John. "From global conservation norms to local practices : exploring the conservation of charismatic megafauna in Indonesia." Thesis, University of York, 2015. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/12568/.
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This thesis examines the translation of global environmental norms within an individual nation state right down to the grassroots level. It combines case studies of the conservation of two 'charismatic megafauna' - the Komodo dragon and the orangutan - in Indonesia, with a critical engagement with social constructivist international relations literature In both case studies, the interactions between the national, provincial, and local levels within the conservation matrix are explored through a qualitative methodology based on interviews with key actors and documentary analysis. The analysis reveals that national-level practices have hooked into prominent global conservation norms, but that translation through to the provincial and local levels has proved problematic. Factors that have shaped the transmission of these norms include competing responsibilities and goals across national ministries, particular characteristics of the species and their geographical surroundings, and the historical construction of species identity. The overall argument is that the adoption of international standards of conservation within Indonesia has been shaped by significant internal structures and localised factors. This finding suggests that a better understanding of these local factors, which have been largely neglected in the assessment of conservation strategy, might help improve future global conservation policy. The thesis makes a significant contribution to the wider understanding of global norms, conservation policy and Indonesian policy making.
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McNally, Kyle Joseph. "Global norms and local effects : assistance and protection of internally displaced persons in Sri Lanka." Thesis, Durham University, 2016. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/11495/.
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This thesis is concerned with questions about how international normative frameworks for the assistance and protection of internally displaced persons have come to be understood and applied in a local context. In order to accomplish this, a case study approach has been employed, with Sri Lanka selected as an ideal case study subject for analysis. Systematic reviews of literature concerning the international assistance and protection of internally displaced persons reveal that there is a gap in scholarship in this field – primarily concerning the normative considerations that constitute the Guiding Principles for Internal Displacement. The study that follows examines the formulation of these norms, their expressions, as well implementation and dissemination efforts combined with an analysis of how the local sphere has understood and experienced these processes and these frameworks. The findings from this thesis reveal original academic observations relevant for this field, as well potential policy and theoretical implications for how the international community approaches the dilemma of internal displacement in general.
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Choudhury, Nirmalya [Verfasser], and Volkmar [Akademischer Betreuer] Hartje. "Development of Hydropower in India: Between Global Norms and Local Actions / Nirmalya Choudhury. Betreuer: Volkmar Hartje." Berlin : Universitätsbibliothek der Technischen Universität Berlin, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1032990007/34.
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Lux, Janine. "Seeking Global Linkages: Emerging Ngöbe Participation in the Case of the Hydroelectric Dam Chan 75 in Panama." Scholarly Repository, 2010. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_theses/54.
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The growing accessibility to the global community has allowed historically marginalized groups the opportunity to assert their positions on a global stage. The difficulty of States to enforce necessary protections of land and representation has allowed the entrance of new powerful international organizations with expansive networks to play a role in domestic policies. The largest indigenous group in Panama, the Ngöbe, has suffered from poor unification and political organization, weakening their position vis-à-vis the State. Recently, under the perceived threat of a large development project, the hydroelectric dam Chan 75, some Ngöbe groups have been able to make connections to bring awareness to their conflicts by appealing to distant sympathizers through international networks. These linkages are limited in their ability to force a change in national policy; however, these efforts are not in vain. The outcomes of the continuous negotiations that occur in the space of the physical development site are continuously changing to create the opportunity for the greater participation of the Ngöbe, who benefit from the leverage provided by international norms and vigilance.
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Moon, Sanghyun. "CONSTRUCTING GOVERNANCE IN GLOBAL ELECTRONIC COMMERCE." The Ohio State University, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1038941025.
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Datysgeld, Mark William [UNESP]. "O papel da Governança da Internet dentro da Governança Global: Um estudo de caso da ICANN." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/151066.
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Previous issue date: 2017-05-10<br>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)<br>O termo governança global tomou nova forma na Governança da Internet, onde a maior parte das instituições utiliza-se do modelo multistakeholder, formando espaços de diálogo e processos decisórios com diversos atores, sejam estes estatais, privados, civis ou acadêmicos. Propõe-se então a análise do estudo de caso da ICANN, instituição responsável pela administração dos contratos relacionados à regulação do uso dos Nomes e Números, o DNS. Por meio de leitura acadêmica, jornalística, pesquisa de campo, participação em conferências e entrevistas com pessoas relevantes à área. Procedeu-se a elaboração, utilizando-se do material dessas diversas fontes, de um panorama da contextualização da revolução tecnológica que levou à Internet atual, e também da governança global. Posteriormente, passou-se para o ecossistema de Governança da Internet como conceito e prática. Assim, o estudo de caso está inserido em um contexto maior, de modo que se possa compreendê-lo em seus intrincados pormenores. Ao contrário da maioria das instituições transnacionais, que acabam por ter caráter recomendativo, na ICANN as decisões são realmente efetuadas. Apesar de o modelo multistakeholder propor igualdade entre os atores, alguns possuem maior influência. Antes da Transição IANA, os Estados Unidos tinham um peso muito maior, agora largamente ocupado pelo setor privado. A Governança da Internet é única dentro da governança global. Esta deve sua distinção a algumas possíveis razões, como o desenho técnico da Internet. Portanto, há grande possibilidade de este não ser um modelo reprodutível em outras áreas. O modelo multistakeholder apresenta um modo divergente de avaliar-se as relações entre atores no Sistema Internacional e o limite do poder do Estado. Mesmo que não haja continuidade no modelo atual, o campo de estudos é extenso e ainda longe de alcançar sua maturidade.<br>The term global governance has taken a new form in Internet Governance, where most institutions use the multistakeholder model, forming spaces for dialogue and decision-making processes with various actors, including states, companies, civil society or academia. An analysis of the ICANN case study, the institution responsible for administering contracts related to the regulation of the use of Names and Numbers, the DNS, is then proposed. The research was done through academic reading, journalism, field research, participation in conferences and interviews with people relevant to the area. With the material from these various sources, it was elaborated a panorama of the technological revolution contextualization that led to the Internet as it is today, as well as to global governance. Subsequently, we moved on to the Internet Governance ecosystem as a concept and practice. Thus, the case study is embedded in a larger context, so that one can understand it in its intricate details. Unlike most transnational institutions, which are deliberation bodies, ICANN decisions are actually carried out. Although the multistakeholder model proposes equality among the actors, some have greater influence. Prior to the IANA Transition, the United States had a much greater weight, now largely occupied by the private sector. Internet Governance is unique within global governance. It owes its distinction to some possible reasons, such as the technical drawing of the Internet. Therefore, there is a great possibility that this is not a reproducible model in other areas. The multistakeholder model presents a divergent way of assessing the relations between actors in the International System and the limit of state power. Even if there is no continuity in the current model, the field of study is extensive and still far from reaching maturity.
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Huser, Catherine Helen Anne. ""We don't know if we have a right to live" : the impact of global protection norms in the micro spaces of armed conflict." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2016. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/23645/.
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Hudson, Heather Kristine. "Factors Affecting Sexting Behaviors Among Selected Undergraduate Students." OpenSIUC, 2011. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/383.
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The purpose of this study was to assess attitudes toward sexting, subjective norms toward sexting, self-esteem levels, sexting behavioral intentions, and sexting behaviors (i.e. sending, posting, or sharing/forwarding sexually suggestive messages, nude/semi-nude pictures/videos, or both) among selected undergraduate students and also to determine relationships among attitudes toward sexting, subjective norms toward sexting, self-esteem levels, sexting behavioral intentions, and sexting behaviors. Results of this study showed statistically significant differences in sexting behaviors among demographic variables gender, current relationship status, lifetime sexual partners and current sexual partners. Nearly 700 (n=697) surveys were completed from selected undergraduate students during the spring semester of 2011. According to the findings, there was statistically significant positive relationship between attitudes toward sexting, subjective norms toward sexting, sexting behavioral intentions, and sexting behaviors. Also, attitudes toward sexting, subjective norms toward sexting, and sexting behavioral intentions were found to predict lifetime sexting behaviors, with behavioral intentions as the strongest predictor sexting behaviors. For non-sexters, there was statistically significant positive relationship between attitudes toward sexting, subjective norms toward sexting, and sexting behavioral intentions. Attitudes and subjective norms toward sexting are both found to be predictors of behavioral intentions to sext for lifetime and current non-sexters, with attitudes toward sexting being the strongest predictor of sexting behavioral intentions. Future research on sexting should go even further in depth to help explain reasons for sexting as well as reasons for not sexting. Also, future research should explore the benefits of sexting among consensual adults, paying particular attention to how sexting is used for sexual communication and sexual assertiveness. Recommendations for the profession of health education and health educators focused on preventing negative consequences of underage sexting, and promoting the benefits of sexting among consenting adults in relationships with mutual respect for each other.
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Subramaniam, Surainder. "Situating global ideas in local discourses a comparative study of the transferability of values, norms, and cultures of liberal democratic governance in contemporary Malaysia and Singapore /." access full-text online access from Digital dissertation consortium, 2001. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/er/db/ddcdiss.pl?3020987.
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Viklund, Johan. "Corporate Responses to the Global Compact and the UN norms: A difference in preference? : A Case-study on corporations` response to voluntary and legally binding initiatives." Thesis, Södertörn University College, School of Social Sciences, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-1460.
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<p>This paper examines corporate responses to the voluntary UN initiative; the Global Compact and the legally binding UN Norms initiative that are attempts, at the urging of the international community, at different types of regulation of corporate activity in international socio-economic settings. This examination is done within the framework of the Modern World-Systems theory and both questions of the paper are therefore grounded in the MWS theory`s possibility to predict and explain the corporations` response to the two initiatives. The two hypotheses used in this paper are corresponding to the questions and they state that the MWS theory can answer the two questions. The paper therefore employs an overreaching congruence method that uses the MWS theory to predict and explain the outcome of the case study and a complementary descriptive argumentation analysis. This is conducted in order to attain the data needed and to elucidate what the differences and similarities are between the two initiatives and what aspect can be attributed most explanatory value to understand the possible differences in attitude by the corporations. The outcome of the case study shows that corporations are more in favor of the Global Compact then they are concerning the UN norms which they opposes vehemently. This difference in reaction is attributed to the latter’s legally binding principle and this is in accord with the logic of the MWS theory which is granted high predictable and explanatory value concerning the corporations` response to the Global Compact and the UN norms.</p>
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Assaf, Elias. "From Social Networks to International Relations: How Social Influence Shapes International Norm Adoption and The Global Order." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1574591937096021.
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Ioannou-Naoum, Maria. "Theorizing the External Actorness of the European Union in Global Development Governance : The Case of Aid Effectiveness in Post-Cotonou Development Policy." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Malmö högskola, Institutionen för globala politiska studier (GPS), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-43197.
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The European Union (EU) is the world’s leading development donor, playing a pivotal role in shaping development norms. This paper aims to investigate the extent to which the EU has been effective in its external aid actorness towards global poverty eradication during the post-Cotonou negotiation period (2000-2020). The theoretical framework of Sjöstedt’s (1977) Actorness Theory is constructed upon the premises of Social Constructivism. To operationalize “actorness”, Brattberg and Rhinard’s (2012) criteria of context, coherence, consistency, and capability are utilized. The research triangulates the methods of Discourse Historical Analysis and Thematic Content Analysis to assess the EU’s nom-setting policy discourse. The analysis suggests that the Union scores highly in the context and capability criteria, as it is recognized as a legitimate development actor and possesses mechanisms to reach aid agreements, while lacks coherence and consistency due to inadequate policy implementation and commitment to McKee et al.’s (2020) Aid Quality Index. The thesis concludes that the EU’s aid effectiveness has decreased due to its actorness being increasingly linked to foreign policy considerations in response to emerging challenges in development cooperation. The research underlines the significance of analysing the empirical linkage between EU’s actorness and effectiveness for the field of International Relations.
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Sadeldeen, Amro. "European civil actors for Palestinian rights and a Palestinian globalized movement: How norms and pathways have developed." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/230778.
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The thesis is related to transnational social movements’ production of knowledge. Particularly, the research investigates the developed norms and pathways of a Palestinian-transnational movement (the Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions movement- The BDS movement) during its formation period. The thesis reviews major social movement theories (i.e. Sidney Tarrow and Margeret Sikkink). While benefiting from major aspects of these theories, the thesis discovers that the researched movement suggests major deviations from these theories. Hence, the thesis mobilizes other literature, particularly of Pierre Bourdieu, to better account for cultural and social dimensions. This choice is enforced by the presence of academics that form a pillar in the movement. Yet, the thesis mobilizes together diverse dimensions from social movement literature, sociology and history (i.e. the historical trajectory of individual and collective actors), and with a constant check with the case itself. The methodological choice of the research goes back and forth between theories and the case (abductive methodology). Two chapters of the thesis are dedicated to the agency of the Palestinian actors in addition to interactions inside the field of power in Palestine. Another two chapters discuss transnational relations with a focus on European actors. Specific cases are chosen from interactions with Belgian and British actors. Moreover, interactions in three transnational fora are discussed.The research concludes that this transnational movement infuses diverse norms from different experiences and regions while adhering to universal norms such as comprehensive human rights. Moreover, the movement follows diverse pathways that include a Palestinian emergence, a Global Southern path and through the North. And these pathways enforce the adherence of the movement to specific norms. Such findings diverge from “Euro-centric” approaches in discussed social movements’ literature in the thesis. The research finally discusses other literature more relevant to the case (i.e. by Amitav Acharya), which argues that local actors try to protect their norms from abuse by central forces, and they do not only import norms but also diffuse new norms. The thesis ends up with questions for further research on the patterns of norms diffusion.<br>Doctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales<br>info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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McDonald, Caitlin. "Belly dance and glocalisation : constructing gender in Egypt and on the global stage." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/119585.
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This thesis is an ethnography of the global belly dance community with particular reference to the transmission of dance paradigms from Cairo to the international dance community. Key words describing my topic include dance, gender, performance, group dynamics, social norms and resistance, public vs. private, tourism, and globalisation. I hypothesize that social dancing is used in many parts of the world as a space outside ordinary life in which to demonstrate compliance with or to challenge prevailing social paradigms. The examination of dance as a globalised unit of cultural capital is an emerging field. With this in mind I investigate the way this dance is employed in professional, semi-professional, and non-professional settings in Egypt and in other parts of the world, notably North America and Europe. Techniques included interviewing members of the international dance community who engage in dance tourism, travelling from their homes to Egypt or other destinations in order to take dance classes, get costumes, or in other ways seek to have an 'authentic' dance experience. I also explored connections dancers fostered with other members of the dance community both locally and in geographically distant locations by using online blogs, websites, listservs and social networking sites. I conducted the first part of my fieldwork in Cairo following this with fieldwork in belly dance communities in the United States and Britain.
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Svedin, Lovisa. "(O)jämlik vård : En kvalitativ studie av hälso- och sjukvårdspersonals upplevelser av jämlik vård i region Gävleborg." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för folkhälso- och vårdvetenskap, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-446668.
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Trots att medellivslängden i Sverige ökar så kvarstår skillnader och förutsättningar för en god hälsa mellan olika grupper i befolkningen. Sverige står för att främja en jämlik hälso- och sjukvård men studier visar att hälso- och sjukvården trots det inte är helt jämlik. Syftet med studien var att undersöka upplevelser av jämlik vård bland yrkesverksamma i hälso- och sjukvården i region Gävleborg. Metoden som användes i studien var en kvalitativ studiedesign med induktiv ansats där semistrukturerade intervjuer använts. Urvalet bestod av nio yrkesverksamma, där fem hade daglig patientkontakt och fyra samordningsansvar. Analys av det insamlade materialet genomfördes med en kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultatet visade att yrkesverksamma ser jämlik vård som ett stort begrepp som kräver mer diskussion och arbete. Det visar även en förhoppning om att normer och fördomar inte ska påverka i bemötande eller behandling, trots det tror flera respondenter att det spelar in. Respondenterna anger vårdmöten med tolk, kulturella skillnader, förebyggande arbete och kommunikationssvårigheter som områden där mer arbete behöver läggas för att tillgodose en jämlik vård. Slutsatsen är att upplevelserna och tankarna kring jämlik vård varierar mycket, det krävs tydliga riktlinjer och arbetssätt för varje enskild enhet i deras arbete med jämlik vård. Vidare krävs även en klar bild av vad regionen och chefer anser att jämlik vård är, samt hur enheterna ska arbeta för att främja en jämlik hälso- och sjukvård.<br>Even though life expectancy in Sweden is increasing, differences and conditions for good health between different groups in the population remain. Sweden stands for promoting equal health care, but studies show that health care in Sweden is not completely equal. The purpose of the study was to investigate experiences of equal care among health care professionals in the Gävleborg region. The method used in the study was a qualitative study design with an inductive approach where semi-structured interviews were used. The sample consisted of nine professionals, where four had coordination responsibilities and five daily patient contact. Analysis of the collected material was performed with a qualitative content analysis. The results showed that professionals see equal care as a major concept that requires more discussion and work. It also shows a hope that norms and prejudices would not affect the care staff's behavior or the choice of treatment, despite this, several respondents believe that it can affect both the care meeting and the choice of treatment. The respondents state care meetings with interpreters, cultural differences, preventive work, and communication difficulties as areas where more work needs to be done to achieve equal healthcare. The conclusion is that the experiences and thoughts about equal healthcare vary a lot, clear guidelines are required for each individual unit in their work with equal care. Furthermore, there must also be a clear picture of what the region and managers believe that equal care is, and how the units should work to promote equal health and medical care.
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BARBOSA, L. N. "O Processo Civil Brasileiro Como Veículo De concretização e Juridicização de Normas Globais (Global Law)." Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2017. http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/8837.
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Previous issue date: 2017-06-26<br>A globalização inseriu, na comunidade mundial, atores privados e híbridos, cujas atividades produzidas dentro de certas redes especializadas acarretam na produção de normas, regulações e padrões, os quais coordenam e regem as interações comportamentais, negociais e jurídicas de diversos setores, em nível global, sem as usuais barreiras soberano-territoriais dos direitos estatais. A despeito do ainda não concluído debate acerca da natureza de tais normas globais, estas produzem efeitos práticos notórios e são capazes de regular setores privados, funcionando como regimes quase ou semiautônomos; tendo como consequência a infiltração das referidas normas nas esferas e territórios de aplicação dos sistemas jurídicos nacionais. O estudo proposto tem como objetivo a investigação do problema de como o processo civil se constitui como instrumento, ou meio, para a introdução, concretização e juridicização de tais normas. A primeira parte da pesquisa descreve o surgimento de novos atores não-estatais na comunidade global, esclarecendo que a compreensão do estudo desses UNOs como parte de um Direito Global pressupõe a ruptura do paradigma monista-estadocentrista. Na oportunidade, são apresentadas a Teoria da Fragmentação do Direito Internacional Público e a do Pluralismo Jurídico Global, tecendo-se a crítica em relação a insuficiência científica de tais para embasar com robustez a existência de um suposto Direito Global. O capítulo seguinte demonstra os efeitos concretos dos UNOs na comunidade global, com análise de casos da nova lex mercatoria e da lex sportiva. Já no capítulo terceiro estuda-se a forma com que os objetos normativos globais são interiorizados no ordenamento jurídico pátrio, apontando quatro possíveis hipóteses: a) processo civil com elementos de estraneidade e escolha de lei aplicável pelas partes; b) reconhecimento de sentença estrangeira que reconheça a jurisdicidade de normas não-estatais; c) sentença arbitral que tenha eleito tais normas como lei aplicável; d) utilização desses objetos normativos como ratio decidendi de sentenças na jurisdição estatal brasileira. Após aprofundamento na matéria, o estudo aponta que a concretização e juridicização dos UNOs na jurisdição brasileira, por meio do sistema processual civil, se dá no caso das hipóteses c e d, tornando-se, assim, normas jurídicas concretas.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: DIREITO GLOBAL. DIREITO INTERNACIONAL PRIVADO. PROCESSO CIVIL. LEX MERCATORIA.
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Pourraz, Jessica. "Réguler et produire les médicaments contre le paludisme au Ghana et au Bénin : une affaire d’Etat ? Politiques pharmaceutiques, normes de qualité et marchés de médicaments." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EHES0014.
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Le Bénin et le Ghana, bien que confrontés aux mêmes enjeux de santé publique dans la lutte contre le paludisme, ne déploient pas les mêmes politiques pharmaceutiques nationales afin de garantir à la population l’accès à des médicaments de qualité et abordables financièrement. Ils sont équipés d’appareils de régulation pharmaceutique et de capacités locales de production distincts. Ces différences découlent de leur héritage colonial et de leurs itinéraires historique, politique et économique. A partir de 2004, le Bénin et le Ghana adoptent les Combinaisons Thérapeutiques à base d’Artémisinine (CTA) afin de remplacer les anciennes molécules jugées inefficaces pour le traitement du paludisme. Se pose alors pour les pays l’enjeu du coût élevé de ces nouveaux médicaments. Les nouvelles recommandations d’usage de l’OMS et les financements internationaux octroyés pour l’achat de ces traitements provoquent une stimulation de l’innovation pharmaceutique et de la production de ces médicaments en Europe, en Amérique du Nord et en Asie. On observe alors au Bénin et au Ghana une arène d’acteurs transnationaux se mettre progressivement en place pour l’approvisionnement des CTA. Ils génèrent de nouveaux réseaux d’approvisionnements qui entrent en concurrence avec ceux existants dans les pays. Les aides financières sont conditionnées à l’achat de CTA préqualifiées par l’OMS, certification dont les industries pharmaceutiques ghanéennes ne bénéficient pas, ce qui les laisse en marge de ce marché. Face aux exigences et aux conditions imposées par les acteurs transnationaux, les pays ne disposent que d’une faible marge de manœuvre dans la conduite de leurs politiques publiques. S’appuyant sur des entretiens, des enquêtes ethnographiques menées auprès des acteurs nationaux de la réglementation pharmaceutique, des firmes pharmaceutiques ghanéennes et des acteurs transnationaux finançant les CTA, ainsi que sur des archives, ce travail interroge les dispositifs institutionnels sur lesquels s’appuient les Etats du Bénin et du Ghana pour déployer leur politique pharmaceutique nationale et construire leur souveraineté en la matière<br>Despite the fact that Benin and Ghana are facing the same public health challenges with regards to malaria control, they do not deploy the same kind of drug policies to guarantee access to quality and affordable medicines for the population. Their national drug regulation authorities and local production capacities are different. These differences stem from their colonial heritage and their divergent historical, political and economic paths. Since 2004, Benin and Ghana have adopted Artemisinin-based Combination Therapies (ACTs) to replace the old pharmaceuticals deemed ineffective for the treatment of malaria. The challenge for the two countries is the high cost of these new drugs. The WHO guidelines and international funding for the purchase of ACTs are stimulating pharmaceutical innovation and production in Europe, North America and Asia. In Benin and Ghana, an arena of transnational actors is gradually being set up to supply ACTs. They generate new supply networks that compete with existing ones in the two countries. Financial aid is conditional on the purchase of WHO prequalified ACTs, certification that the Ghanaian pharmaceutical industries do not enjoy, leaving them on the sidelines of this market. Faced with the demands and conditions imposed by transnational actors, countries have little room for maneuver in the conduct of their public policies. Based on archives, interviews and ethnographic surveys carried out with national actors in pharmaceutical regulation, Ghanaian pharmaceutical companies and transnational actors financing ACTs, this work investigates the institutional mechanisms on which the states of Benin and Ghana rely to deploy their national drug policy and build their pharmaceutical sovereignty
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Nilsson, Louise, and Evelina Eriksson. "”Instagramvänligt vet väl alla vad det är?” : en kvalitativ studie om unga kvinnors förändrade uppväxtvillkor genom sociala medier ur ett folkhälsoperspektiv." Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Fakulteten för hälsovetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-18323.
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Studien byggde på associationen mellan att de som främst använde sociala medier, målgruppen unga kvinnor i åldrarna 16 till 25 år, även var den samhällsgrupp som dominerade i psykisk ohälsa. Forskning kring varför målgruppen lider av psykisk ohälsa mer än andra samhällsgrupper är bristande. Det är samtidigt känt att ungas uppväxtmiljö spelar en betydande roll för deras psykiska hälsa. Sociala medier inkluderas inte som en sådan miljö, trots att unga kvinnor idag spenderar minst 3 timmar där dagligen. Detta motiverade studiens syfte, att undersöka unga kvinnors upplevelser kring sociala medier som uppväxtmiljö i relation till sin identitet och hälsa. Kvalitativ metod möjliggjorde insamling av material genom semistrukturerade intervjuer i fokusgrupper. Studiens resultat fann att unga kvinnor upplever sociala medier som en miljö lika verklighetstrogen som andra fysiskt anknutna uppväxtmiljöer. Studiens resultat redogör även för upplevelser av psykisk ohälsa i samband med sociala medier, men att en hög självkänsla fungerar som en skyddande faktor. Konklusionen redogör för om det finns bestämningsfaktorer för hälsa på sociala medier, bör dessa kunna betraktas som påverkbara förutsatt att de upptäcks och dokumenteras. Därför föreslås framtida hälsoarbete med fokus på säker navigering för unga på sociala medier. Konklusionen påvisar vikten av att folkhälsovetenskapens forskning fortgår i linje med den rådande samhällsutvecklingen som i studien förstås som digitaliserad, detta för att inte missa värdefull kunskap kring vad som leder eller avbryter kurs mot psykisk ohälsa.<br>The study’s background was based on the association between those who mainly used social media, young women between the ages of 16 and 25, were also the group that dominated in mental illness. Current research on why young women suffers from mental illness more than others is inadequate. Although, it is well-known that environments that young people integrates with growing up plays a significant role in youths mental health. Despite that young women spend at least 3 hours there daily, social media is not included as such environment. This motivated the study's purpose, to investigate young women's experiences about social media as an emerging environment in relation to their identity and health. Qualitative methodology enabled the collection of material through semistructured interviews in focus groups. The study found that young women perceive social media as an environment as realistic as any other environments they interact with growing up. The results of the study also describe the experiences of mental illness associated with social media, but that a high self-esteem serves as a protective factor. The conclusion explains whether there are determinants of health on social media, these should be considered as impactable provided they are discovered and documented. Therefore, future health work is proposed focusing on safe navigation for young people on social media. The conclusion demonstrates the importance of public health science research continuing in line with current social development, which in the study is understood to be digitized, in order not to lose valuable knowledge about what leads or interrupts courses against mental illness.
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Doherty, Kathryn Laing. "From Alarm to Action: Closing the Gap Between Belief and Behavior in Response to Climate Change." Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1406552403.
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Conocimiento, Dirección de Gestión del. "vLex (vLex Global y vLex Perú)." vLex Networks, SL, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/655403.
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Magill, Elizabeth. "The Myth of Integration: Diffusion of Health Systems Strengthening Norm in Global Health." Thesis, Boston College, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:107443.
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Thesis advisor: Sarah Babb<br>Since 2000, the global health management approach of health systems strengthening (HSS) has gained support from many local and international stakeholders. This thesis investigates the diffusion of the HSS norm in the global health community and within two disease programs of malaria and tuberculosis. I show how strong support for HSS by the global health community has been overwhelmed by coercive pressure from resourcewielding funding and governance structures. Drawing on organizational theory, I argue that global health organizations and experts have engaged in strategic social reconstruction and avoidance tactics to rationalize hypocrisy towards the HSS norm<br>Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2017<br>Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences<br>Discipline: Scholar of the College<br>Discipline: International Studies
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Gawell, Malin. "Activist Entrepreneurship : Attac'ing Norms and Articulating Disclosive Stories." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : School of Business, Stockholm University, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-1384.
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Bureau, Eve. "Anthropologie d’une norme globalisée : la participation profane dans les programmes de lutte contre le sida au Cambodge." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR21722/document.
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Depuis l’arrivée massive de l’aide internationale dans les années 1990, les Cambodgiens évoluent dans un environnement social mondialisé, composé d’un vaste réseau d’acteurs issus d’horizons socioculturels diversifiés. Des systèmes de référence, des manières de faire et de penser hétéroclites cohabitent et s’enchevêtrent. La thèse se concentre sur l’étude d’une norme globalisée appréhendée comme une porte d’entrée pour mieux cerner les mécanismes d’imbrication entre le global et le local. Aujourd’hui, rares sont les programmes de lutte contre l’épidémie à VIH qui n’impliquent pas les usagers pour la mise en œuvre des activités les concernant et la discussion des choix collectifs. La participation profane est devenue une norme globalisée promue par l’ensemble des institutions de lutte contre le sida. Une fois défini le caractère collectivement partagé des règles qui composent cette norme, un éclairage de ses usages et de ses significations locales dans le contexte du Cambodge est effectué. La participation repose sur des principes de partage des savoirs, de répartition des pouvoirs, de valorisation des profanes et de démocratisation des processus de prise de décision qui se concrétisent difficilement au Cambodge. Depuis l’expansion de cette norme, les acteurs profanes sont impliqués massivement à tous les niveaux du parcours de soins sur la plus grande partie du territoire, cependant ils endossent principalement des rôles d’exécutants. Dès qu’il est question d’exercer une influence sur les décisions publiques, un double mécanisme de rejet de la norme se met en place. D’un côté des acteurs profanes sont réticents à s’imposer comme des personnes de pouvoir, à même de débattre ouvertement dans l’arène publique, de l’autre la majorité des élites qui décident et implantent les actions de développement contrôlent la participation et « ensablent » les voix des profanes. Pour une pléthore d’acteurs, les principes de hiérarchie et de non contestation qui caractérisent la société cambodgienne entrent en contradiction avec les principes et valeurs inhérents à la participation. La norme est reformulée en fonction du contexte structurel et sociohistorique du Cambodge. Elle prend une toute autre forme, parfois contraire à son but initial<br>Since the arrival of an enormous amount of international aid in the 1990s, Cambodia has evolved into a globalised society constituted by a vast network of socio-culturally diverse actors. Heterogeneous value systems and ways of acting and thinking cohabit and become entangled. This thesis offers a study of the operation of a globally established norm within Cambodia, in order to contribute to our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the interconnection between the global and the local. Today, almost all HIV/AIDS programmes involve users in the implementation of activities that concern them and in discussions on community choices. Lay participation has become a global norm, promoted by all institutions combating AIDS. The first part of the thesis defines the generally agreed rules of this norm ; this is followed by a description of its uses and its local meaning in Cambodia. Participation is based on the principles of knowledge-sharing, distribution of authority, valuation of lay status and democratization of the process of decision-making, which are difficult to achieve in Cambodia. Since the spread of this norm, lay actors have been introduced at all levels of the care structure in most parts of the country, although in the main these actors assume executive roles. Where there are opportunities to exercise influence over decisions within the public domain this norm is undermined in two ways. On the one hand, lay actors hesitate to show that they have any authority, even to debate openly in public; on the other hand, most members of the elite who decide on and set up development activities retain control over participation and ‘silt up’ lay voices. For many actors, the principles of hierarchy and non-confrontation, which are characteristic of Cambodian society, contrast with the principles and values of participation. The globalised norm is thus reinterpreted in accordance with the Cambodian structural and socio-historical context. It takes a completely different form, which is sometimes contrary to its initial goal
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Conocimiento, Dirección de Gestión del. "Guía de acceso para vLex (vLex Global y vLex Perú)." vLex Networks, SL, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/655403.
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Hasni, Radhouane. "Exigences environnementales et accès au marché : application au textile-habillement : le cas de la Tunisie." Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR40016/document.
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L’objet de cette thèse est de déterminer l’effet des normes environnementales sur lecommerce du Textile-Habillement et d’analyser les stratégies adoptées dans ce cadre par lespays en développement, plus particulièrement, par la Tunisie. Les exigencesenvironnementales, volontaires et obligatoires, ont touché essentiellement la branche textile etpourraient se substituer aux instruments traditionnels de protectionnisme après ledémantèlement de l’Accord multifibres en 2005. Les résultats des analyses statistiques etéconométriques montrent un effet positif de la certification environnementale sur lesexportations de certains produits d’habillement vers le marché européen signalant ainsil’importance de cette nouvelle tendance. L’étude est affinée autour du positionnement desfirmes tunisiennes sur la chaîne globale de valeur du Textile-Habillement et des stratégiesadoptées afin de faire face à ces normes environnementales. Nos résultats montrent ladifficulté des firmes tunisiennes à réussir une remontée industrielle. Les exigencesenvironnementales inhibent leur passage de la sous-traitance à la co-traitance. Ellesaccentuent également leur dépendance envers les fournisseurs européens de textile. La thèses’interroge en dernier lieu sur l’intérêt du programme « Tunisian Ecolabel » et sur lesdéterminants de l’adoption de la certification environnementale par les firmes tunisiennes duTextile-Habillement<br>The purpose of this thesis is to determine the effect of environmental standards on trade inTextile-Apparel products and to analyse the strategies adopted by developing countries, withspecific reference to Tunisia. Voluntary and mandatory environmental requirements havemainly affected the textile industry and could replace traditional instruments of protectionismafter the dismantling of the Multifibre Arrangement in 2005. The result of statistical andeconometric analysis indicates a positive effect of environmental certification on exports ofcertain apparel products towards the European market denoting the importance of this newtrend. The study is focused upon the Tunisian firms’ positioning in the global value chain ofTextile-Apparel industry and strategies which they will have to implement in order to be ableto meet environmental standards. Our results show the difficulty of Tunisian firms to besuccessful in industrial upgrading. Environmental requirements heighten their dependence onEuropean suppliers of the textile industry and prevent the transition from the originalequipment assembly to original Equipment Manufacturer. Lastly, the thesis discusses theeffectiveness of “Tunisian Ecolabel” program and the determinants for adopting theenvironmental certifications by Tunisian firms’ of the Textile-Apparel industry
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Prashant. "Global Attractor for mKdV Equation on 1D Torus." Kyoto University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/235978.
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Cruz, Elenice Cristina da [UNESP]. "Análise de procedimentos metodológicos para georreferenciamento e cadastramento de atributos de redes elétricas urbanas em atendimento às normas da ANEEL." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/86814.
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cruz_ec_me_prud.pdf: 5046534 bytes, checksum: 0b97fde376d18807a3562f62272b686f (MD5)<br>Elementos da infraestrutura exigem dados descritivos e informações geográficas para fins de suporte ao processo de tomada de decisões. No campo da energia elétrica, quanto maior a demanda por manutenções e implantações de redes elétricas, maior deverá ser a produção de geoinformação. A ANEEL (Agência Nacional de Energia Elétrica) publicou, em 2008, a primeira versão do PRODIST (Procedimentos de Distribuição de Energia Elétrica no Sistema Elétrico), e em 2009 publicou o MCPSE (Manual de Controle Patrimonial do Setor Elétrico). Um objetivo comum destes documentos é promover a padronização da apresentação das informações dos ativos das distribuidoras de energia elétrica. Cada distribuidora deve disponibilizar para a agência reguladora a BDGD (Base de Dados Geográfica da Distribuidora). As BDGD comporão o SIG-R (Sistema de Informação Geográfica Regulatório). O SIG-R será utilizado para a ANEEL conhecer a quantidade de ativos elétricos total, por tipo, data e, sobretudo, por localidade, aprimorando a confiabilidade e a rastreabilidade destas informações no processo de revisão tarifária periódica, quando são reavaliados os custos das distribuidoras. Esta dissertação têm como objetivos aplicar três procedimentos metodológicos distintos para se obter o georreferenciamento de postes e unidades consumidoras e o cadastramento por imagens de um conjunto de atributos existentes na rede elétrica urbana e investigar quantitativamente e qualitativamente se os procedimentos testados atendem às normas da ANEEL. O primeiro procedimento (M1) é realizado através de aquisição de dados (posição e fotografias detalhadas) via pedestre, o segundo (M2) usando imagens disponíveis via internet no Google Maps Street View e o terceiro (M3) usando um SMM (Sistema de Mapeamento Móvel) através de vídeos coletados dos ativos das redes elétricas ao longo das vias...<br>Elements of the infrastructure demand descriptive data and geographic information to support the decision making process. In the field of electrical energy, the higher the electrical network implantation, the greater the geoinformation production. ANEEL (Agência Nacional de Energia Elétrica) published in 2008 the first version of PRODIST (Procedimentos de Distribuição de Energia Elétrica no Sistema Elétrico), and in 2009 published the MCPSE (Manual de Controle Patrimonial do Setor Elétrico). One common goal of both documents is the promotion of standards for the electricity distributors´ assets presentation. Each distributor must send to the regulatory agency its BDGD (Base de Dados Geográfica da Distribuidora). The BDGD will comprise the GIS-R (Geographic Information System – Regulatory). The GIS-R will be used by ANEEL to know the full amount of electricity assets, by type, date, and especially, by locality. It will improve the information reliability and traceability in periodic tariff review process when the costs of the distributors are reassessed. This thesis has as its goal to apply three different methodological procedures based on images to extract and to georeference a set of attributes existing in an electric urban distribution grid and to investigate... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Cruz, Elenice Cristina da. "Análise de procedimentos metodológicos para georreferenciamento e cadastramento de atributos de redes elétricas urbanas em atendimento às normas da ANEEL /." Presidente Prudente, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/86814.
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Orientador: João Fernando Custódio da Silva<br>Banca: Eliana Edérle Dias Chaves<br>Banca: Arlete Aparecida Correia Meneguette<br>Resumo: Elementos da infraestrutura exigem dados descritivos e informações geográficas para fins de suporte ao processo de tomada de decisões. No campo da energia elétrica, quanto maior a demanda por manutenções e implantações de redes elétricas, maior deverá ser a produção de geoinformação. A ANEEL (Agência Nacional de Energia Elétrica) publicou, em 2008, a primeira versão do PRODIST (Procedimentos de Distribuição de Energia Elétrica no Sistema Elétrico), e em 2009 publicou o MCPSE (Manual de Controle Patrimonial do Setor Elétrico). Um objetivo comum destes documentos é promover a padronização da apresentação das informações dos ativos das distribuidoras de energia elétrica. Cada distribuidora deve disponibilizar para a agência reguladora a BDGD (Base de Dados Geográfica da Distribuidora). As BDGD comporão o SIG-R (Sistema de Informação Geográfica Regulatório). O SIG-R será utilizado para a ANEEL conhecer a quantidade de ativos elétricos total, por tipo, data e, sobretudo, por localidade, aprimorando a confiabilidade e a rastreabilidade destas informações no processo de revisão tarifária periódica, quando são reavaliados os custos das distribuidoras. Esta dissertação têm como objetivos aplicar três procedimentos metodológicos distintos para se obter o georreferenciamento de postes e unidades consumidoras e o cadastramento por imagens de um conjunto de atributos existentes na rede elétrica urbana e investigar quantitativamente e qualitativamente se os procedimentos testados atendem às normas da ANEEL. O primeiro procedimento (M1) é realizado através de aquisição de dados (posição e fotografias detalhadas) via pedestre, o segundo (M2) usando imagens disponíveis via internet no Google Maps Street View e o terceiro (M3) usando um SMM (Sistema de Mapeamento Móvel) através de vídeos coletados dos ativos das redes elétricas ao longo das vias... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)<br>Abstract: Elements of the infrastructure demand descriptive data and geographic information to support the decision making process. In the field of electrical energy, the higher the electrical network implantation, the greater the geoinformation production. ANEEL (Agência Nacional de Energia Elétrica) published in 2008 the first version of PRODIST (Procedimentos de Distribuição de Energia Elétrica no Sistema Elétrico), and in 2009 published the MCPSE (Manual de Controle Patrimonial do Setor Elétrico). One common goal of both documents is the promotion of standards for the electricity distributors' assets presentation. Each distributor must send to the regulatory agency its BDGD (Base de Dados Geográfica da Distribuidora). The BDGD will comprise the GIS-R (Geographic Information System - Regulatory). The GIS-R will be used by ANEEL to know the full amount of electricity assets, by type, date, and especially, by locality. It will improve the information reliability and traceability in periodic tariff review process when the costs of the distributors are reassessed. This thesis has as its goal to apply three different methodological procedures based on images to extract and to georeference a set of attributes existing in an electric urban distribution grid and to investigate... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)<br>Mestre
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Klein, Asmara. "La "transparence", une norme et ses nouvelles pratiques transnationales : l’exemple de l’Initiative pour la Transparence dans l’Industrie Extractive." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013IEPP0053.
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En 2002, l’Initiative pour la transparence dans l’industrie extractive (ITIE) est lancée par le Premier Ministre britannique en réponse à la campagne Publiez ce que vous payez (PCQVP). Celle-ci avait participé à la mise sur agenda de la malédiction des ressources, un ensemble de maux économiques et socio-politiques qui pèsent sur de nombreux Etats riches en ressources naturelles. L'ITIE reprend l’une des préconisations de PCQVP, à savoir l’injonction à la transparence : la publication des revenus pétroliers, gaziers ou miniers permettrait aux citoyens de demander des comptes à leurs dirigeants pour la gestion de la manne générée par l’extraction de matières premières. L’exercice de transparence de l’ITIE, à laquelle les états riches en ressources naturelles adhèrent librement, consiste à réconcilier les paiements déclarés par les entreprises extractives d’une part et les recettes déclarées par l’Etat d’autre part. Il s’appuie par ailleurs sur une gouvernance tripartite inédite dans l’industrie extractive : organisations de la société civile, compagnies extractives et gouvernements négocient ensemble pour déterminer les exigences du standard ITIE. Comment des acteurs d’horizons divers sont-ils venus à partager cet intérêt commun et que peut nous apprendre ce consensus sur la notion de transparence et ses usages contemporains dans les politiques de coopération internationale ? Cette recherche raconte l’histoire d’une conquête normative, ses enjeux, ses acteurs, ses batailles afin de réfléchir – par le biais du renouvellement des attributs de légitimité de ceux qui concourent à définir la norme – à la refonte de l’autorité politique dans le système international<br>The British Prime Minister launched the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI) in 2002 in response to the transnational Publish What You Pay campaign (PWYP). The NGOs, which are member of the PWYP coalition, had been fighting the resource curse by advocating for more transparency in the extractive industries. They argued that empowering citizens of resource rich countries by informing them about the wealth generated by extraction would help insure that those extractive revenues were properly accounted for. The EITI took over this idea and gathered representatives from civil society organisations, extractive companies and governments to design a global standard which resource rich countries can voluntarily decide to comply with. the EITI standard is based on a reconciliation of payments declared by companies on the one hand and revenues declared by the state on the other. The reports that come out of this reconciliation process are then disseminated and can lead to a general public discussion about the way extractive rents are managed. What lead actors from different backgrounds, with often conflicting interests, to agree on a transparency norm and what can this consensus tell us about the notion of transparency and its present (and profuse) use in international development programmes ? This thesis investigates the reasons for the emergence of the transparency norm and its fast diffusion on the international scene in the last 10 to 15 years. It also looks at some of the concrete practices that resulted from this normative evolution, which contributes to a thinking about the renewal of political authority in the international system
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Elommal, Najoua. "Les normes de la relation de MACNEIL et la satisfation globale du client : application au secteur bancaire français." Paris 9, 2006. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2006PA090055.
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Macneil (1980), juriste, a identifié des normes (transactionnelles et relationnelles) sensées régir les relations d’échange. Selon cet auteur, une relation établie sur la base de ces normes devrait être fructueuse et par conséquent satisfaisante. L’objectif de cette recherche est d’étudier le lien entre l’évaluation de la relation sur les normes et la satisfaction globale d’un client particulier vis-à-vis de son institution financière principale. La mise en œuvre de notre problématique a nécessité l’adoption d’une démarche à 8 étapes, associant des études qualitatives (39 entretiens auprès de clients particuliers de banques) et quantitatives (256 questionnaires). Cette démarche a permis le développement d’échelles de mesure des normes dans le contexte B to C, mais aussi de tester les 19 hypothèses de notre recherche. A travers un procédé empirique basé sur la méthode des équations structurelles (notamment l’analyse multi-groupes), nous avons démontré que les normes de la relation constituent de véritables leviers de la satisfaction globale et que celle-ci joue un rôle médiateur dans le lien « normes - intentions comportementales ». Les résultats ont, aussi mis en évidence le rôle modérateur de l’âge de la relation dans le lien « normes - satisfaction globale », contrairement à l’orientation relationnelle<br>Macneil, jurist has identified the norms (transactional and relational) that are supposed to govern the relations of exchange. According to this author, a relation established on these norms could prove to be profitable and consequently satisfactory. The aim of this research is to study the link between the relation’s evaluation based on the norms and the global satisfaction of a particular customer with respect to his main financial institution. The implementation of our problematic has required the adoption of a process with 8 stages which associates qualitative (39 interviews with bank customers) and quantitative (256 questionnaires) studies. This process allowed the development of scales of measurements on the norms in the context B to C as well as the test of the 19 hypothesis of our study. With the help of an empirical process based on the method of structural equations (in particular the analysis multi-group), we demonstrate that the relation’s norms constitute real levers of total satisfaction. Moreover total satisfaction plays a mediator role in the link “norms - behavioral intentions”. The results also highlighted the moderating role of the relation’s age in the link “norms - total satisfaction”, contrary to the relational orientation
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Vallier, Romain. "La conformité environnementale, une politique juridique au service de la performance globale de l’entreprise." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AZUR0028/document.
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Cette étude porte sur la conformité environnementale, une politique juridique au service de la performance globale de l’entreprise. Il s’agira de démontrer que les réglementations environnementales et les normes environnementales volontaires auxquelles tentent de se conformer les entreprises et les États, peuvent améliorer à la fois leur protection de l’environnement, leur compétitivité, et dans une certaine mesure leur performance sociale. Cette conformité environnementale a pris un essor particulier depuis les grands phénomènes économiques induits par la mondialisation. La mondialisation se caractérise depuis les années 1970 par l’avènement d’une économie de marché ouverte dans laquelle les entreprises circulent librement d’un pays à un autre. Cette économie repose notamment sur le libre-échange des biens, des services, des technologies, des capitaux, ainsi que sur libre circulation des entreprises elles-mêmes. La mondialisation se caractérise également, du fait de l’ouverture de cette économie, par la mise en concurrence des États et des entreprises à l’échelle internationale. Ce phénomène économique de la mondialisation a toutefois entraîné une dégradation majeure de l’environnement au fil des années. Afin de répondre à ces différents enjeux, les États ont mis en place des mécanismes réglementaires ainsi que des mécanismes volontaires de protection de l’environnement destinés à encadrer les activités des entreprises, qui forment le socle de la politique juridique de conformité environnementale menée par ces entreprises. Les entreprises tentent alors de s’adapter à ces mécanismes juridiques afin de mieux protéger l’environnement, mais aussi afin de devenir plus compétitives<br>The aim of the thesis consists of wondering how companies lead their legal politics to get a global performance. In other words, it will be advisable to demonstrate that environmental regulations and voluntary environmental standards which companies and States try to conform, can improve at the same time their environmental protection, their competitiveness, and to a lesser extent their social performance. This environmental compliance has taken a particular development since the big economic phenomena led by the globalization. The globalization is characterized since the 1970s by the advent of an opened market economy in which companies circulate freely from a country to another. This economy is particularly based on free trade of properties, services, technologies, capital, as well as on free circulation of companies themselves. But globalization had led to a serious environmental degradation. In order to meet these challenges as operationally as possible, countries have put regulations and voluntary standards with a view to regulating firms’ activities, that form the basis of a environmental compliance legal policy undertaken by these companies. These companies are trying to adapt to those legal mechanisms in order to better protect the environment, but also to become more competitive
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Karasiewicz, Baudot Lisa. "Etude du processus de convergence entre le plan comptable américain et les normes IFRS : Institutions et institutionnalisation au sein de changement global en comptabilité." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, Ecole supérieure des sciences économiques et commerciales, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ESEC0002.
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Cette thèse étudie les efforts mis en oeuvre par le Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) et l'International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) afin de produire de manière conjointe un ensemble de normes comptables pour réguler les marchés dans le monde entier. Pour ce faire, elle examine comment un processus de changement comptable (institutionnel) – décrit comme un processus de convergence - a évolué au sein de l'espace transnational de normalisation comptable. Cette recherche étudie le rôle que les institutions et les politiques jouent dans le processus de convergence des FASB-IASB, ainsi que leur rôle dans les processus par lesquels les normalisateurs prennent une décision collective sur un standard très controversé. A partir de la littérature sur la normalisation comptable considérée comme le socle de base de cette thèse, je me sers d’un cadre théorique à la fois institutionnel et politique pour explorer systématiquement la convergence des normes comptables. J’effectue trois études empiriques. Chacune de ces études couvre les activités de normalisation ayant eu lieu entre 2002 et 2011 et utilise des études de cas s'appuyant sur plusieurs sources de données comprenant des documents d'archives, des observations indirectes et des entretiens avec des participants clés. Le premier article met l'accent sur la compréhension du phénomène de convergence des normes comptables en relation avec des tendances politiques et institutionnelles plus larges au moyen de divers mécanismes de diffusion de la théorie néo-institutionnelle. Ensuite, cette thèse souligne le rôle central des normalisateurs qui mobilisent des systèmes de sens pour faire converger les normes comptables. Le deuxième article se concentre sur les systèmes de sens concurrents auxquels se réfèrent les normalisateurs comptables, ainsi que les facteurs qui influencent leurs décisions collectives. Plus spécifiquement, il s’intéresse à l’ordre négocié (Strauss et al., 1963) qui prend forme sur la base de ces systèmes. Enfin, le troisième article étudie le processus par lequel les normalisateurs comptables convainquent les parties prenantes (et eux-mêmes) de la légitimité de leurs décisions par le biais des « économies de la grandeur » (Boltanski et Thévenot, 1991) et des mécanismes rhétoriques. Cette thèse contribue à développer par une étude multi-niveaux, nos connaissances sur les activités de convergence transnationale, en particulier celles qui visent à produire un ensemble commun de normes comptables, et comment ces normes évoluent en tenant compte du contexte, des acteurs et des institutions<br>This dissertation explores the efforts of the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) and the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) to produce a common set of accounting standards accepted for worldwide market regulation. In doing so, it examines how a process of accounting (institutional) change - referred to as a convergence process - has evolved within the transnational accounting standard-setting space. This research investigates the role that institutions and politics play in the FASB-IASB convergence process, more broadly, as well as their role in the processes by which standard setters go about collective policy-making on one highly contested standard. With the accounting policy-making literature serving as a foundation tying together the works within this dissertation, I mobilize institutional and political perspectives to systematically explore the convergence of accounting standards through three empirical papers. Each of these studies focuses on standard-setting activities occurring between 2002 and 2011 and utilizes case study methods drawing on multiple data sources including archival documents, indirect observation and interviews with key informants. The first paper focuses on understanding the phenomenon of accounting convergence and its relationship to broader political and institutional trends through a variety of diffusionist mechanisms from neo-institutional theory. This dissertation then turns to the standard-setters themselves as focal actors and links these actors to the meaning systems they employ in the shaping of accounting convergence. The second paper focuses on competing meaning systems that standard setters adhere to and the factors that affect collective policy decisions. More specifically, it is interested in the negotiated order (Strauss et al. 1963) which takes shape on the basis of these factors. Finally, the third paper studies the process by which accounting standard setters persuade their public audience (and themselves) of the merits of their policy decisions by mobilizing orders of worth (Boltanski & Thévenot, ([1991], 2006) in their discourse. The primary contribution of this dissertation is to shed light, at multiple levels of analysis, on how transnational convergence activities, in particular those aimed at producing a common set of accounting standards, evolve in consideration of actors, institutions, and context
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Kyeongja, Lee Toguyeni Abdoul Karim Armand Rahmani Ahmed. "Modèle global pour la Qualité de Service dans les réseaux de FAI intégration de DiffServ et de l'ingénierie de trafic basée sur MPLS /." Villeneuve d'Ascq : Université des sciences et technologies de Lille, 2008. https://iris.univ-lille1.fr/dspace/handle/1908/1057.
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Reproduction de : Thèse de doctorat : Automatique et informatique industrielle : Villeneuve d'Ascq, Ecole centrale de Lille : 2006.<br>Texte en anglais. Résumé en français et en anglais. Titre provenant de la page de titre du document numérisé. Bibliogr. p. [131]-140.
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Clini, Carlo. "Between a rock of global security and a hard place of domestic growth : China's role in climate action as an unsuspected norm maker." Thesis, University of Kent, 2017. https://kar.kent.ac.uk/63991/.
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Climate change has been a contentious issue in international politics, and academic and scientific communities. Its progressive move into the sphere of "high politics" has paralleled a structural shift in the global centres of power, especially towards the emerging economies of China, India, Brazil, and South Africa. Among them, Beijing is playing an increasingly pivotal economic, political, diplomatic, and military role. In this context, as climate change has emerged as a major policy issue in national and international security affairs, an increasing number of countries have started to urge China to take on binding emission reduction commitments commensurate with its level of economic development. They have used international climate change negotiations (ICCN) to pressure Beijing and criticize its climate change policy as inadequate. While criticism has not died down entirely, critics have to contend now with China's apparently evolving behaviour. Beijing's response to this international pressure has been twofold. On the one hand, it has anchored its negotiating position in ICCN to the principle of "common but differentiated responsibilities" (CBDR), thereby claiming its developing country identity and rights. On the other hand, China has progressively switched, at both domestic and international levels, from a predominantly reactive role of a recipient of criticism and policy demands to one of proactive engagement in environmental protection, climate change policies, and ICCN. Thereby, it has become an unavoidable player in global environmental governance. This research investigates the driving forces behind China's increasing engagement in global environmental policy and, ultimately, Beijing's shift to a leading role in global environmental governance. It addresses the ostensibly puzzling change in China's behaviour from "norm taking" to "norm making". My argument is that China's unfolding engagement arises from a changing self-perception and identity shift from a recipient of international norms and expectations to a global norm entrepreneur and leader of the "global South" who also sees economic, technological, political, and diplomatic benefits in environmental and climate change reforms. Ultimately, I argue that Beijing's strategic pursuit of material gains and new reputation has been enabled and reinforced by its identity transformation. To address the research question and substantiate the core argument, a threefold document, literature, and discourse-analysis approach has been employed. It has been used to investigate the evolution of China's environmental policy at domestic and international levels. To examine and substantiate the hypothesized norm-making evolution, this study has tied its dynamics to underlying shifts in China's collective social identities along a number of key and interconnected dimensions. Moreover, this course of analysis has been enabled by a critical use of International Relations (IR) theories. In analysing which IR theory could best explain China's evolving behaviour in global environmental governance, this research argues that limitations of realist and liberal theories call for a more sociological and identity-based contribution. Therefore, by drawing on a set of social constructivist ideas, this study shows how China has used diplomacy, clean energy research, development aid, and South-South Cooperation and its own understanding of soft power to secure broad political support within the global South for its climate change and development policy in relevant international forums. Thereby, China has progressively strengthened its normative power and, accordingly, framed the global debate on climate change as a subject of North-South politics. By utilizing a social constructivist lens, this research makes a combined theoretical and empirical contribution to interpretive, constructivist, and sociological-organizational accounts of great power behaviour, power transition, and institutional participation - areas of study traditionally dominated by the 'neo-neo debate' in International Relations.
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Treizman, Goren Alberto Daniel, and Quiroga Rodrigo Ignacio Zegers. "Principios, normas e instituciones del derecho deportivo que inspiran la lucha antiviolencia en los espectáculos deportivos: hacia una propuesta global e integral para el caso chileno." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2010. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/107067.
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Memoria (licenciado en ciencias jurídicas y sociales)<br>A través del análisis de modelos en derecho comparado intentaremos extraer los principios e instituciones comunes que nos permitan cimentar los pilares para el desarrollo de un marco institucional útil y aplicable al caso chileno, a su vez estos principios e instituciones para poder ser aplicados en nuestro país, deberán estar de conformidad con nuestra Carta Fundamental. Por ende buscaremos entregar directrices iniciales con el objeto de colaborar con la construcción de una política integral para la solución de este complejo fenómeno.
Para el desarrollo de la presente memoria en primer lugar trataremos ciertos conceptos que son básicos para la compresión del fenómeno de la violencia en los espectáculos deportivos. Abordaremos conceptos fundamentales como deporte, violencia en su esfera endógena y exógena, explicaremos la historia de la violencia en el deporte, las hipótesis explicativas del origen de ella y la violencia específicamente en los espectáculos deportivos. Además explicaremos la relación existente entre todos estos conceptos e ideas con la noción de derecho. Finalmente analizaremos a todos los agentes y o intervinientes en los espectáculos deportivos, para de tal forma tener un mejor comprensión del ámbito de desenvolvimiento de la problemática, objeto de la presente memoria.
Posteriormente analizaremos como marco teórico para el desarrollo de la presente, el modelo europeo basado en el Convenio de Estrasburgo. Luego analizaremos dos modelos comparados, tomaremos como ejemplo europeo al español y como ejemplo en Sudamérica el caso argentino. Este análisis resulta fundamental para efectuar una aproximación teórica de esta problemática, en particular los principios e instituciones que existen ya desde 1985 en Europa y que se han validado por su experiencia como instrumento eficaz para la lucha antiviolencia, lo cual constituye una herramienta que puede ser útil para nuestra realidad.
Seguiremos con el análisis de la normativa chilena aplicable a la violencia en los estadios (Ley 19.327), veremos las modificaciones en curso y realizaremos un examen crítico al contenido y aplicabilidad de esta normativa.
Finalmente en base al análisis de todo lo anteriormente mencionado realizaremos las respectivas conclusiones y proposiciones para la existencia de una política integral deportiva adecuada para la realidad nacional.
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Berg, Miriam, and Sara Zaaroura. ""Att mata monstret" : en kvalitativ studie om gymnasieelevers kroppsuppfattning." Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Fakulteten för hälsovetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-20017.
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Background: Previous research has shown that body image can have an impact on wellbeing. A negative body image can increase psychological suffering and have physical implications on health. A positive body image can provide protection against external factors that could lead to a negative body image. Aim: The aim of the study is to explore high school students body image and which situations and environments that has an impact on their body image. Method: The study was conducted through a qualitative method with semi structured interviews, the high school students was in the age range of 15-18. The data was gathered without any pre decided codes for analyzing. Result: The study showed that body image was not static within the high school students, body image could change from day to day and from situation, often depending on the mood. Negative body image could have effect on wellbeing overall, like thinking less of themselves, and also limit the high school students in their everyday life. Most high school students felt strongly that the body is something that you can control, with the right amount of motivation, physical activity and limited food intake, everybody could achieve their dream body. Social media had a negative impact on many of the high school students but could, for some work as a way of controlling what images they meet by unfollowing accounts that made them feel bad about themselves. Conclusion: The result of this study shows that body image can be fluid and strongly affected on the situation. Further research, focusing on what influences body image in this specific target group, could have a great impact on future interventions to improve body image.<br>Bakgrund: Tidigare forskning visar att kroppsuppfattning kan påverka välmående. En negativ kroppsuppfattning kan medföra psykiskt lidande och fysiska konsekvenser för hälsan. En positiv kroppsuppfattning kan medföra ett skydd mot yttre påverkansfaktorer som skulle kunna leda till en negativ kroppsuppfattning. Syfte: Studiens syfte är att undersöka gymnasieelevers kroppsuppfattning samt vilka situationer och miljöer som har en påverkan på deras kroppsuppfattning. Metod: Studien har genomförts med kvalitativ metod i form av semistrukturerade intervjuer där 10 gymnasieelever i åldersgruppen 15–18 fått representera resultatet. Analys skedde löpande under insamling av data enligt induktiv ansats där koderna tog form under arbetets gång. Resultat: Sammanfattningsvis visar resultatet att gymnasieeleverna kunde känna både positiva och negativa känslor inför den egna kroppen, där kroppsuppfattning kunde variera beroende på situation, dagsform samt umgänge. En negativ kroppsuppfattning kunde begränsa i vardagen genom undvikande beteende men det kunde även påverka tankemönster och däri skapa lidande. Kroppen ansågs vara något som kan kontrolleras och förändras med rätt motivation, träning och mat. Sociala medier påverkade negativt i stor utsträckning men kunde även fungera som ett skydd där gymnasieeleverna tog aktiva val om att avfölja konton som påverkade negativt och följa konton med normbrytande kroppar. Konklusion: Resultatet visar att kroppsuppfattning inte är något statiskt utan varierar kraftigt mellan individer och tillfällen. Vidare forskning rörande påverkansfaktorer hos målgruppen skulle kunna förbättra utsikten för framgångsrika interventioner för att förbättra kroppsuppfattningen.
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Mesri, Leila. "De la pertinence du comprehensive income : approche par la value relevance." Thesis, Lille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL1A003.
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Au regard des exigences de transparence et de comparabilité des états financiers, l’évaluation traditionnelle du résultat ne satisfait plus ; elle se voit amendée d’autres composantes estimées essentiellement en valeur de marché pour obtenir le comprehensive income (CI). Le CI, « état de la performance globale » de l’IAS 1 révisée (IAS 1R), fait apparaitre distinctement le résultat net et les other comprehensive income afin de mieux répondre aux besoins d'information financière et aider les groupes d’utilisateurs dans leur prise de décision. Dans ce contexte, la présente recherche se propose d’étudier la valorisation boursière du CI, rendu obligatoire pour les entreprises présentant leurs comptes en IFRS depuis 2009. Les tests empiriques ont porté sur un échantillon d’entreprises françaises cotées au SBF 120 observées sur la période pré IAS 1R (2004-2009) et post IAS 1R (2009-2013) en utilisant les régressions de panel. Les résultats indiquent que les deux mesures de résultats (traditionnel et CI) sont value relevant et donc apportent de l'information pertinente pour apprécier les cours et les rentabilités boursiers. Par ailleurs, les other comprehensive income agrégés semblent valorisés par le marché et fournissent des informations additionnelles par rapport au résultat net. Enfin il semble que la value relevance du CI s’est améliorée de manière significative après l’application de la norme IAS 1R. Ces résultats suggèrent que les éléments de la performance financière sont pris en compte positivement par les utilisateurs de l’information financière lorsqu’ils sont clairement publiés et confortent le normalisateur dans son exigence de transparence dans la diffusion du CI<br>From the perspective of the transparency and comparability of financial statements requirements, the traditional evaluation of the outcome is no longer satisfying. It is amended through other components which are mainly estimated at market value to obtain the comprehensive income (CI). The CI, Statement of Financial Performance of the revised IAS 1(IAS 1R) requires the disclosure of both income and other comprehensive income to cater for the needs of users of accounting information and help them in making better financial decisions. The purpose of this study is to investigate the value relevance of CI which became compulsory for companies presenting their financial statements in IFRS since 2009. Empirical tests have focused on a sample of French listed companies over the pre (2004-2008) and post (2009-2013) IAS 1R periods, using panel data. We found that two summary income measures (CI and net income) are significantly associated with price and market returns. We also found that other aggregated comprehensive income provide incremental price-relevant information beyond net income. Finally, it appears that the adoption of IAS 1R had a positive effect on the value relevance of CI. These findings reveal that mandating CI in IFRS regulation improves transparency and enhances the usefulness and quality of the reported CI information thus, likely to be more useful in terms of requirements for transparency
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Bricteux, Caroline. "Régulation de l'Internet par les noms de domaine. Le régime juridique et institutionnel de l'ICANN." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/284381.
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La régulation de l’Internet constitue depuis toujours un défi pour le droit :le « réseau des réseaux » a été conçu dans un esprit de connectivité universelle, avec la volonté que chaque utilisateur intéressé puisse y relier son ordinateur et accéder aux informations disponibles en ligne, sans que celles-ci soient altérées en fonction du lieu de connexion et donc sans tenir compte d’éventuelles règles nationales, régionales ou internationales. S’il s’inscrit ainsi en porte-à-faux avec les principes fondamentaux du droit national et international, fondés sur la souveraineté des États et sur des frontières géographiques bien établies, l’Internet n’est pas pour autant un espace anarchique. Il constitue plutôt un terrain propice à l’émergence de nouveaux régulateurs et à l’expérimentation de nouvelles formes de normativité. L’espace virtuel global repose en effet sur une architecture physique et informatique qui peut être modelée et sollicitée à des fins de régulation des flux d’informations en ligne. Dans cette optique, notre thèse se penche sur le Domain Name System (DNS), le système de nommage et d’adressage de l’Internet qui assure les correspondances entre les noms de domaine intelligibles pour les humains et les adresses IP numériques utilisées par les ordinateurs pour communiquer entre eux. La structure hiérarchique de cet annuaire global en fait une cible de choix pour ceux qui aspirent à un contrôle centralisé du réseau et des informations qu’il véhicule. Le DNS est administré depuis 1998 par une organisation globale atypique, l’Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN), constituée sous la forme d’une société privée de droit californien, investie de ses compétences en vertu de contrats avec le gouvernement des États-Unis et caractérisée par un modèle de gouvernance multipartite mobilisant des représentants du secteur privé, de la société civile et des gouvernements. Par une étude pragmatique des actes juridiques produits par l’ICANN en vue d’attribuer de nouvelles extensions de noms de domaine génériques – à côté du fameux .com et en parallèle des extensions nationales telles le .be – nous démontrons que l’organisation ne se cantonne pas à une mission essentiellement technique mais se profile, à son corps défendant, comme un régulateur global des contenus en ligne. Nous mettons en évidence, d’une part, que les normes globales édictées par l’ICANN pour justifier le rejet des candidatures indésirables ne visaient pas seulement les termes proposés comme nouvelles extensions mais aussi les conditions d’exploitation envisagées par les candidats, afin d’assurer ex ante la licéité et la qualité des informations présentées dans les futurs domaines. Nous montrons, d’autre part, que l’ICANN a été amenée, sous la pression des gouvernements, à investir ses sous-contractants, les registres et registraires de noms de domaine, d’obligations d’intérêt public relatives au contenu des sites web auxquels leurs noms de domaine donnent accès, en vue de lutter contre les activités abusives et de protéger les consommateurs. Nous démontrons que l’ICANN a ainsi renforcé, sous sa supervision, le rôle des intermédiaires du DNS en tant que points de contrôle du contenu posté en ligne et pointons les dérives potentielles de cette évolution, qui n’est accompagnée d’aucun garde-fou pour préserver la liberté d’expression en ligne.<br>Doctorat en Sciences juridiques<br>info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Helles, Emma. "Självskattad hälsa och arbetsrelaterad stress i relation till förestående organisationsförändringar : En kvantitativ studie bland vårdpersonal i äldreomsorgen." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för hälsa, vård och välfärd, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-48075.
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Individer skattar sin hälsa sämre i yrkesområdet vård och omsorg där även arbetsrelaterad stress kan förekomma i hög grad. Organisationsförändringar kan vara en bidragande faktor till oro och stress. Hälften av rapporterad sjukfrånvaro består av orsaken stress bland vårdpersonal i äldreomsorgen. Syftet med den aktuella studien är att undersöka vårdpersonalens självskattade hälsa och arbetsrelaterad stress i relation till förestående organisationsförändringar inom äldreomsorgen i Sörmland. En kvantitativ metod och en tvärsnittsdesign har tillämpats. Datainsamlingen genomfördes av enkäter och 47 respondenter deltog från fyra olika arbetsplatser i Sörmland. Resultatet visar att förestående organisationsförändringen heltid som norm är sämre för vårdpersonalen men givande för brukarna och verksamheten. Vårdpersonalen skattar sitt allmänna hälsotillstånd som bra (64 procent) men de har lättare besvär av psykiska och fysiska symtom. Majoriteten (57 procent) anger även att arbetsrelaterad stress förekommer ibland. Det framkommer en negativ men svag korrelation mellan självskattad hälsa och förestående organisationsförändringar. Resultatet visar även en positiv men svag korrelation mellan arbetsrelaterad stress och förestående organisationsförändringar. Slutsatserna är att heltid som norm är delvis bra och vårdpersonalen har en god hälsa samt att arbetsrelaterad stress förekommer. Det finns ett negativt samband mellan självskattad hälsa och förestående organisationsförändringar. Det framkommer även ett positivt samband mellan arbetsrelaterad stress och förestående organisationsförändringar.
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Sousa, Fernández Francisco. "El resultado global en el ámbito de la información financiera internacional: marco conceptual, análisis comparado de normas y un estudio empírico para grupos europeos cotizados en NYSE y NASDAQ." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Cantabria, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/10592.
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Esta Tesis Doctoral plantea como objetivo general verificar desde una óptica conceptual (Capítulo I), normativa (Capítulo II) y empírica (Capítulo III), si el resultado global -comprehensive income- presenta una mayor relevancia o calidad informativa que el resultado neto -net income-, en particular, para los inversores, considerados en el Marco Conceptual como usuarios de referencia.De este modo, el Capítulo I, hemos revisado los fundamentos teóricos sobre los que se sustenta el resultado global, particularmente en la literatura y regulación contables norteamericanas, destacando que con su adopción asistimos a un hecho trascendental para la Contabilidad como es el acercamiento al concepto de resultado económico, de especial interés para los suministradores de capital-riesgo. Sobre esa base conceptual, en el Capítulo II hemos realizado un estudio de normativa comparada a nivel internacional, evidenciándose un potente movimiento a favor de la adopción del resultado global, en el que se aprecia una tendencia a la convergencia con el modelo IASB, pero también se han constatado diferencias notables entre las normas que lo regulan en el concierto mundial, que dificultan la comparabilidad. Sobre esta base teórico normativa, en el Capítulo III, hemos desarrollado un estudio empírico con una muestra de 136 grupos empresariales europeos cotizados den NYSE y NASDAQ, tomando información de las reconciliaciones con los US GAAP en el período 1999-2004 cuando presentan cuentas a la SEC en los 20-F, tendente a evaluar a través de un conjunto de herramientas no paramétricas el impacto del comprehensive income frente al net income atendiendo a las variables año, tamaño y sector. Se han rechazado todas las hipótesis nulas formuladas, lo que nos lleva a afirmar que el impacto relativo del comprehensive income frente al net income presenta un elevado poder de discriminación entre los años del período 1999-2004, atendiendo al tamaño de los grupos empresariales, y en menor medida por sectores de actividad empresarial, lo que evidencia una mayor relevancia informativa del primero frente al segundo para los usuarios de la información financiera, en particular, para los inversores.En definitiva, tomando de forma integrada los resultados de las dimensiones conceptual, normativa y empírica, sobre las que ha discurrido esta Tesis Doctoral, hemos evidenciado que el comprehensive income presenta una mayor calidad informativa que el net income, de especial interés para los suministradores de capital-riesgo.<br>The aim of this Doctoral Thesis, from a conceptual (Chapter I), normative (Chapter II) and empirical (Chapter III) point of view, is to verify if comprehensive income shows greater relevance or information quality than net income, particularly for the investors, considered as reference users within the Conceptual Framework.In Chapter I we have reviewed the theoretical foundations on which comprehensive income is based, particularly in North American accounting regulation and literature, emphasizing that with its adoption we are witnessing a significant event in the world of Accounting as it is the approach to the concept of economic income, of special interest to capital-risk providers. On that conceptual base, in Chapter II we have made a comparative study on standards at the international level, demonstrating a powerful movement in favor of the adoption of comprehensive income, in which there is a noticeable tendency to the convergence with the IASB model, but remarkable differences have also been confirmed between the standards that regulate it on the global stage, which hinder comparability. On this normative theoretical base, in Chapter III we have developed an empirical study with a sample of 136 European corporate groups quoted on the NYSE and NASDAQ, taking information from the reconciliation with U.S. GAAP in the period between 1999-2004 when they file their annual reports with the SEC on Form 20-F, tending to evaluate, through a nonparametric set of tools, the impact of comprehensive income opposed to net income considering the year, size and sector variables. All the null hypotheses formulated have been rejected, which leads us to affirm that the relative impact of comprehensive income in comparison to net income presents a higher power of discrimination between the years 1999-2004, considering the size of the corporate groups, and to a lesser extent to business activity sectors, which in general terms shows a greater informative relevance of the first, as opposed to the second, for users of the financial information, particularly for the investors.In short, taking the results of the conceptual, normative and empirical dimensions as integrated, on this Doctoral Thesis has been developed, we have demonstrated that comprehensive income presents higher information quality than net income, of special interest to capital-risk providers.
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Souza, Elany Almeida de. "Princípio da responsabilidade ao proteger – uma perspectiva (des)colonizadora e de sustentabilidade a partir dos países do sul global." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2016. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/12321.
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The analysis of the rules evolution, in particular internationally, demonstrates normative and principles conflicts that serve as power play instrument and the colonizer-colonized dichotomy, even when its essence is directed to the maintenance of peace. The the Responsibility While protecting (RWP) presented by Brazil in 2011, within the context of the development of global standards, permeated by non-linear conflictual interactions, where the interventions based on a Responsibility to Protect(R2P) civilians, have challenged the existing structures in the global order and therefore has sparked great debate regarding the prevalence of decisions emanating from the United Nations Security Council - UNSC against the sovereignty and self-determination of peoples, since there is no control of legality and legitimacy of that discretion which the United Nations - UN holds. In this sense, the present work aims to analyze if the Responsibility to Protect can be considered as an attempt to influence from the Global South countries in the production of global standards and this can work as a capable principle of safeguarding the coercive nature of measures by of the UNSC, a way of accountability that implies a large extent by the level of responsibility of emanating acts from the UN Security Council that determ interventions, and what tools are needed for the Responsibility to Protect is an effective tool of prior control of legality and legitimacy. In order to meet this goal, we adopted a dialectical approach, drawing on the monographic method, through bibliographical and documentary research and interdisciplinary literature, among others that apply to the subject under study.<br>A análise da evolução das normas, em específico no âmbito internacional, demonstra conflitos normativos e principiológicos que servem de instrumento de reprodução de poder e da dicotomia colonizador-colonizado, mesmo quando sua essência está voltada para a manutenção da paz. O Princípio da Responsabilidade ao Proteger (RWP, sigla em inglês), apresentado pelo Brasil em 2011, surge no contexto da evolução das normas globais, permeadas por interações não lineares conflituosas, onde a implementação cada vez maior de intervenções baseadas em uma Responsabilidade de Proteger (R2P, sigla em inglês) civis, tem desafiado as estruturas existentes na ordem global e por isso tem suscitado grande debate no que toca a prevalência de decisões emanadas do Conselho de Segurança das Nações Unidas - CSNU face à soberania e a autodeterminação dos povos, uma vez que não há um controle de legalidade e legitimidade desse poder discricionário do qual a Organização das Nações Unidas - ONU é detentora. Nesse sentido, a presente dissertação visa analisar se a Responsabilidade ao Proteger pode ser considerada como uma tentativa de influência a partir dos países do Sul Global na produção de normas globais e se esta pode funcionar como um princípio capaz de acautelar as medidas de natureza coercitiva por parte do CSNU, isto é, uma forma de accountability que implique em um maior nível de responsabilidade por parte dos atos emanados do Conselho de Segurança da ONU que determinem intervenções, bem como quais são os instrumentos necessários para que a Responsabilidade ao Proteger seja uma ferramenta eficaz de controle prévio de legalidade e legitimidade. De forma a cumprir esse objetivo, adotou-se uma abordagem dialética, valendo-se do método monográfico, por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental e literatura especializada interdisciplinar, dentre outras que aplicáveis ao tema em estudo.
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Boström, Sandra. "En litteraturstudie om ugandiska mäns involvering i familjeplanering : Sociokulturella och strukturella faktorers betydelse." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa, natur- och teknikvetenskap (from 2013), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-67905.
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Bakgrund: Ugandas snabba befolkningsökning som följd av låg användning av familjeplanering leder till ohälsa, ojämlika könsnormer samt minskade möjligheter till hållbar utveckling. Tidigare forskning har påvisat ugandiska mäns motstånd till familjeplanering, men en nyanserad och gedigen kunskap kring de faktorer som leder till motståndet saknas. Syfte: Syftet med denna litteraturstudie var att få en fördjupad förståelse kring de faktorer som påverkar ugandiska mäns involvering i familjeplanering. Metod: En systematisk litteraturstudie har genomförts på sex vetenskapliga artiklar publicerade mellan 2010-2017. Samtliga artiklar uppsöktes i databaserna PubMed samt Scopus och behandlade studier med kvalitativ metod och ugandisk kontext. Med en induktiv ansats bearbetades artiklarna sedermera med kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat: Ugandiska mäns involvering i familjeplanering påverkas av sociokulturella normer vilka kan härledas till vedertagna traditioner och samhällsstrukturer, inklusive normer som förespråkar ett högt familjeideal samt könsmaktsordning. Männens deltagande påverkas även av en omfattande misstro och kunskapsbrist, vilket enligt resultatet beror på bristande struktur och service inom hälso- och sjukvården. Resultatet visar vidare att samtliga faktorer både leder till och delvis är resultatet av ojämlika könsnormer. Destruktiva strukturer och normer som innebär ojämlika livsvillkor för kvinnor är därmed en avgörande faktor för den låga familjeplaneringen och således den ökande befolkningsmängden i Uganda. Slutsats: Genom att sammanställa och analysera vetenskapliga studier vilka undersökt faktorer som påverkar ugandiska mäns involvering i familjeplanering har en fördjupad samt nyanserad förståelse vuxit fram. En kunskap som tillsammans med den socioekologiska modellen SEM och till den kopplade kommunikationsstrategin C4D har möjlighet att bidra till evidensbaserade folkhälsointerventioner för ökad användning av modern familjeplanering i Uganda och liknande kontexter.<br>Background: Uganda's rapid population growth due to low use of family planning leads to ill-health, unequal gender norms and reduced opportunities for sustainable development. Earlier research has shown that Ugandan men's resistance to family planning is crucial, but a nuanced and solid knowledge of the factors that lead to resistance is lacking. Purpose: The purpose with this literature review was to gain a deeper understanding of the factors that affect Ugandan men's involvement in family planning. Method: A systematic literature study has been conducted on six scientific articles published between 2010-2017. All articles were searched in the PubMed and Scopus databases and treated studies with qualitative method and Ugandan context. With an inductive approach, the articles were subsequently processed with qualitative content analysis. Results: Ugandan men's involvement in family planning is influenced by socio-cultural norms, which can be derived from established traditions and social structures, including norms advocating a high family ideal well as gender power relations. Men's participation is also affected by an extensive mistrust and lack of knowledge, which, according to the result, is due to lack of structure and service in the health care sector. The result further shows that all factors both lead to and, in part, are the result of unequal gender norms. Destructive structures and norms that impose unequal living conditions for women are thus a decisive factor in the low family planning and thus the increasing population in Uganda. Conclusion: By compiling and analyzing studies which has investigated factors affecting the involvement of Ugandan men in family planning, a deeper and nuanced understanding has emerged. Along with the Social Ecological Model SEM and the connected communication strategy C4D this knowledge has the ability to contribute to evidence-based public health interventions for increased use of modern family planning in Uganda and in similar contexts.