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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Global Positioning System. Surveying Surveyors

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Academic literature on the topic 'Global Positioning System. Surveying Surveyors'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 16 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Global Positioning System. Surveying Surveyors"

1

Cannon, M. Elizabeth. "The contribution of gps to the information society." CISM journal 44, no. 3 (October 1990): 225–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/geomat-1990-0023.

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The Global Positioning System (GPS) is rapidly becoming an important tool in the surveying community. It is currently being used in a number of applications, ranging from cadastral control point establishment to hydrographic surveying. The emphasis of this paper is on the contribution of GPS to the information society. Fundamental aspects of GPS are presented and the current status of the system is outlined. The advantages of using GPS in the collection of georeferenced data and specifically its impact on Geographic Information Systems are described. Issues such as the establishment of an Active Control System, the development of new surveying techniques and the integration of GPS with other sensors for cost-effective data gathering are addressed. The future role of GPS in the collection of georeferenced information and a discussion of new and exciting opportunities for surveyors being created by GPS, concludes the paper.

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Akpınar, Burak, and Nedim Onur Aykut. "Determining the Coordinates of Control Points in Hydrographic Surveying by the Precise Point Positioning Method." Journal of Navigation 70, no. 6 (May 24, 2017): 1241–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463317000236.

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After Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) were first used in the field of hydrography in 1980, developments in hydrographic surveying accelerated. Survey precision in hydrography has been improved for both horizontal and vertical positioning and seafloor acoustic measurement by means of these new developments. Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS), Real Time Kinematic (RTK) and Network RTK (NRTK) techniques are the satellite-based positioning techniques that are commonly used in shallow water surveys and shoreline measurements. In line with these developments, the newer Precise Point Positioning (PPP) has been introduced. Combining precise satellite positions and clocks with dual-frequency GNSS data, PPP can provide position solutions from the centimetre to decimetre level. In this study, the coordinates of control points were determined by using the Post-Process PPP (PP-PPP) technique. Seven test points, which are the points of the Continuously Operating Reference Station - Turkey (CORS-TR) network, are selected near the shorelines within Turkey. The 24-hour data was split from one to six hours by one hour periods. Automatic Point Positioning Service (APPS) was selected to process the data. The poisoning error of the test points were given and compared with International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) S44 hydrographic survey standards.

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Quek, See Hean, and Richard B. Langley. "UNBSAT: A Digital Recording System for the CMA-722B Transit Doppler Receiver." Canadian Surveyor 40, no. 2 (June 1986): 135–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/tcs-1986-0014.

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The United States Department of Defense (DoD) Navy Navigation Satellite System (NNSS), commonly known as Transit, has been used extensively since 1967 for civilian geodetic surveying and navigation. With the advent of the Global Positioning System (GPS), the DoD will have no further need for Transit and plans to shut down the system in 1994. GPS receivers are still expensive and Transit Doppler receivers purchased today, according to the planned schedule, would have a limited life span of less than ten years. In this paper we present an economical method of acquiring the capabilities of modern Transit receivers by upgrading a popular old receiver. We have interfaced a standard Apple II microcomputer to a Canadian Marconi CMA-722B. The Apple microcomputer provides the added data processing and storage capability found in more modern Doppler receivers and obviates the need for “user unfriendly" paper tape or expensive data cassettes. Dubbed “UNBSAT”, our system allows established survey organizations to expand their Transit positioning capabilities by reactivating their moth-balled CMA-722B receivers, allows developing nations to carry out Doppler surveys economically, and provides an educational tool for training surveying engineers in satellite positioning techniques. The hardware and software configuration of this system is described and an outline of its capabilities is given. The direction of current and future development of the system is also discussed.

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4

Correa Muñoz, Nixon Alexander, and Liliana Alejandra Cerón-Calderón. "Precision and accuracy of the static GNSS system for surveying networks used in Civil Engineering." Ingeniería e Investigación 38, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 52–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/ing.investig.v38n1.64543.

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We implemented a field check for calibrating surveying equipment. It was geo-referenced with a Total Station Theodolite and by implementing procedures concerning repeatability and reproducibility. We carried out GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) static positioning with double frequency equipment, sensitizing occupation times, day times, uncorrected coordinates subjected to a differential correction procedure and type of coordinates obtained. This facilitated an evaluation of precision and accuracy for the GNSS system with the static method, which gave a global RMS (root mean square) error of 1 cm for conditions with no multi-path effect and 4cm for field calibration points close to buildings. Additionally, we found optimal results for occupation times of 30 minutes, and the need to use planar Cartesian coordinates to ensure compatibility with the surveys using electronic measurement of distances, which allows for the use of the static GNSS system in precise surveys for different applications in Civil Engineering.

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5

Menegbo, Emmanuel. "Determination of orthometric elevations using gnss-derived height with the egm2008 geoid height model." International Journal of Advanced Geosciences 5, no. 1 (February 14, 2017): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijag.v5i1.7190.

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The Global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) has imparted positively on civilian positioning & surveying in the horizontal component in Nigeria for the past two decades. The GNSS receivers’ data are longitude, latitude & elevation. However, the vertical distance measurement have not been fully exploited by geodetic and land surveyors. The GNSS derived heights are ellipsoidal elevation. To convert the GNSS elevation to orthometric heights, a geoidal elevation models is needed. The Earth Gravitational Model, 2008 (EGM2008) is a global geoidal models that can be used to obtain GNSS orthometric heights by defining the relationship with the ellipsoid. This work determines GNSS-derived orthometric heights with ellipsoid-geoidal relationship using GPS ellipsoidal heights and EGM2008 geoidal model GIS data. The EGM2008 GIS data was downloaded and interpolated with GPS data to obtain geoidal heights using ArcGIS 10.1. GNSS-derived heights determined with geoid-ellipsoid relationship formula. The result shows minimum elevation of -2.37599m and maximum elevation of 53.8566m.The derived orthometric heights use to create a model in raster format. The orthometric elevation models created useful in all vertical surveying work, construction work and urban planning. The GNSS orthometric heights models need to be compare with spirit levelling and the local geoidal model determined for improve accuracy.

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6

Raymond, Gérard. "LAND INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN CANADA." Canadian Surveyor 40, no. 2 (June 1986): 111–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/tcs-1986-0013.

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The United States Department of Defense (DoD) Navy Navigation Satellite System (NNSS), commonly known as Transit, has been used extensively since 1967 for civilian geodetic surveying and navigation. With the advent of the Global Positioning System (GPS), the DoD will have no further need for Transit and plans to shut down the system in 1994. GPS receivers are still expensive and Transit Doppler receivers purchased today, according to the planned schedule, would have a limited life span of less than ten years. In this paper we present an economical method of acquiring the capabilities of modern Transit receivers by upgrading a popular old receiver. We have interfaced a standard Apple II microcomputer to a Canadian Marconi CMA-722B. The Apple microcomputer provides the added data processing and storage capability found in more modern Doppler receivers and obviates the need for “user unfriendly" paper tape or expensive data cassettes. Dubbed “UNBSAT”, our system allows established survey organizations to expand their Transit positioning capabilities by reactivating their moth-balled CMA-722B receivers, allows developing nations to carry out Doppler surveys economically, and provides an educational tool for training surveying engineers in satellite positioning techniques. The hardware and software configuration of this system is described and an outline of its capabilities is given. The direction of current and future development of the system is also discussed.

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7

Santos, J., R. Teodoro, N. Mira, and V. B. Mendes. "GEOSPATIAL DATA QUALITY OF THE SERVIR CORS NETWORK." ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences II-3/W5 (August 20, 2015): 285–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsannals-ii-3-w5-285-2015.

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The SERVIR Continuous Operation Reference Stations (CORS) network was implemented in 2006 to facilitate land surveying with Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) positioning techniques. Nowadays, the network covers all Portuguese mainland. The SERVIR data is provided to many users, such as surveyors, universities (for education and research purposes) and companies that deal with geographic information. By middle 2012, there was a significant change in the network accessing paradigm, the most important of all being the increase in the responsibility of managing the network to guarantee a permanent availability and the highest quality of the geospatial data. In addition, the software that is used to manage the network and to compute the differential corrections was replaced by a new software package. These facts were decisive to perform the quality control of the SERVIR network and evaluate positional accuracy. In order to perform such quality control, a significant number of geodetic monuments spread throughout the country were chosen. Some of these monuments are located in the worst location regarding the network geometry in order to evaluate the accuracy of positions for the worst case scenarios. Data collection was carried out using different GNSS positioning modes and were compared against the benchmark positions that were determined using data acquired in static mode in 3-hour sessions. We conclude the geospatial data calculated and provided to the users community by the network is, within the surveying purposes, accurate, precise and fits the needs of those users.

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Bond, Jason. "Modernization of the Nova Scotia Coordinate Referencing System through Active Control Technology." GEOMATICA 69, no. 4 (December 2015): 419–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5623/cig2015-404.

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The Nova Scotia Coordinate Referencing System (NSCRS) is Nova Scotia's current framework for pro viding location-based information. The NSCRS is the foundation for the province's geographic data hold ings including the land administration system. It also enables various legislation, including the Land Registration Act, the Crown Lands Act and the Land Surveyors Act. Over the past several decades, there has been a steady decline in the state of the province's coordinate referencing infrastructure as the program's human and budgetary resources have been reduced. As a result, risks and inefficiencies associated with decaying infrastructure have increased. By 2010, it was becoming clear that action would be required to address these concerns as well as accuracy and accessibility challenges. In 2012, the province began developing a strategy to better execute its coordinate referencing program. At the core of the strategy were Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) and Active Control Stations (ACSs). By placing ACSs across the rovince, the surveying industry would gain access to real-time, cen time ter-level positioning. Additionally, significant economic opportunities would emerge with respect to machine automation in agriculture, construction and navigation industries. A test phase was conducted over 2013–2014 that provided the necessary business case information to pursue province-wide implementation. It was determined that 40 ACSs would be needed to provide Nova Scotia with access to high-accuracy GNSS positioning services. The efficiencies introduced by the tech nol o gy would easily pay for the cost of the system in a short period. Most importantly, the technology provided a viable method of maintaining NSCRS infrastructure going forward.

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Cordero, Moisés Hernández, and Andreas Pülz. "Modelling Antiquity. Surveying the Private Areas of the Episcopal Palace, Side. Turkey." Open Archaeology 5, no. 1 (November 4, 2019): 396–415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opar-2019-0025.

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AbstractThe use of digital techniques is often applied today by archaeologists in the field to get quick and reliable 3D surveys for their research. 3D models and reconstructions are the focus for the use of these techniques. The aim of this paper is to present the methodology employed during the 2018 season, and its combination with that from 2016 on the private areas of the bishop’s residence of the Episcopal Palace in the ancient city of Side, Turkey. This paper will focus on the data acquisition process, accuracy of the survey, errors and solutions as well as the workflow-process of the data. The aim is to present a useful workflow to combine surveys at a maximum level of accuracy with already completed surveys. A Total Station (TS) survey, Global Positioning System (GPS) Real Time Kinetics (RTK) survey and Structure from Motion (SfM) are among the techniques used to compile the information later exported into a Computer Aided Design (CAD) and Geographic Information System (GIS) environment. Eventually, viable applications of the data created with such methods that help to formulate a new hypothesis for the ritual and non-ritual areas will be shown: plans, 3D models, digital elevation models (DEM) and orthophotos.

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10

Ashkenazi, V. "Coordinate Systems: How to Get Your Position Very Precise and Completely Wrong." Journal of Navigation 39, no. 2 (May 1986): 269–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463300000126.

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Positioning by navigation satellites is carried out in three-dimensional geocentric cartesian coordinates, X, Y, Z. This applies to both the Transit System, which has now been in operation for over 20 years, and the Global Positioning System which is being tested and is due to become operational in 1988. Traditionally, the cartographer, the seafaring navigator and the geodetic surveyor have always expressed their coordinates in geographical terms, i.e. latitude and longtitude, whereas the land-based civil engineer, surveyor and the foot (or mechanized) soldier preferred theirs in terms of projection grid coordinates, i.e. northings and eastings. Transformations between these various coordinate systems involve not only complex algebraical formulae, but also some very specific numerical parameters, which are appropriate for different countries and continents and which can only be determined empirically. Moreover, the treatment and interpretation of the different systems of coordinates may frequently involve some very basic conceptual misunderstandings. These include confusing astronomical latitudes and longitudes with their geodetic counterparts, treating projection northings and eastings as if they were ordinary plane coordinates and, in the case of positions derived from observations to Transit satellites, applying the wrong set of transformation parameters or using inappropriate geoidal contour maps. These are typical examples of the sort of common misconceptions leading to gross errors and affecting even the most precisely determined absolute positions. Relative positioning, with respect to another point or a framework of points with known coordinates, eliminates some of the worst effects of these systematic sources of error, and is commonly used in geodetic surveying. However, instantaneous navigation (especially by using satellites) is most likely to be based on continuously determined, successive absolute positions and will therefore inevitably be affected by reference system errors. This is particularly important in the case of land navigation where much higher accuracies will be expected. This is a review paper with definitions and descriptions of the various types of coordinate systems and their mutual relationships. Geographical and geodetic coordinates are discussed in section 2, and projection grid coordinates in section 3. This is followed, in section 5, by a description of three-dimensional cartesian coordinates used in conjunction with navigation satellites. A brief discussion on current and proposed navigation satellite systems is given in section 6 and the paper is concluded in section 7.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Global Positioning System. Surveying Surveyors"

1

Carlson, Thomas P. "The impact of global positioning systems (G.P.S.) in land surveying and the related competencies needed by land surveying graduates in the State of Wisconsin." Online version, 2000. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2000/2000carlson.pdf.

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2

Waugh, Samantha Jane. "The applications of the global positioning system to minerals surveying." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.339564.

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3

Ffoulkes-Jones, Geraint Huw. "High precision GPS surveying by fiducial techniques." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.258949.

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4

Khalid, Mohamed A. "Post-processing strategies for precise GPS static surveying." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.278740.

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5

Belhassan, Taher K. "A framework for global positioning system (GPS) surveying technology adoption in the Libyan public surveying sector." Thesis, University of Salford, 2010. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/26575/.

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A global positioning system (GPS) is an innovative type of technology which can be used to increase efficiency and productivity within the surveying discipline and to produce more accurate results. GPS technology is becoming a very popular and effective tool for surveying purposes worldwide. In developing countries like Libya, this technology has not been adequately implemented. This research is aimed at developing a framework in order to improve the use of GPS surveying technology by the Libyan public surveying sector (LPSS). A critical review of the literature formed an initial conceptual framework. Furthermore, a set of factors were identified and presented in the conceptual framework; these factors were human, organizational and technical factors. The research is qualitative in nature, employing a case study approach and using semi-structured interviews as the main data collection tool within the Libyan public surveying sector. Several tools such as documentation and observations were used in order to achieve triangulation. This approach allowed revisions to be made to the theoretical framework derived from the literature by the researcher. A series of in-depth interviews were subsequently conducted with the Libyan Survey Department personnel to validate the factors and refine the conceptual framework in the context of the Libyan public surveying sector. The contribution of the research is to develop a framework to help the Libyan public surveying sector to establish a strategic policy to improve the use of GPS surveying technology in the Libyan public surveying sector (LPSS).

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Dodson, Adam Jason. "Modelling and statistical analysis of geodetically determined deformation." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.386895.

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7

Bin, Che Amat Muhammad Asyran. "Assessment of long-term deformation in Johor, Malaysia using Global Positioning System (GPS) and Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR)." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2017. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/47430/.

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Information about deformation in an area has become vital not only for safety assessment but also for maintenance of geodetic infrastructures. The latter is necessary to support accurate surveying and mapping applications. This research exploits the complementary features of Global Positioning System (GPS) and Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) techniques to assess the long-term deformation in Johor, Malaysia, which can be induced by natural and/or anthropogenic activities. Furthermore, modelling and mitigation of tropospheric effects in GPS and InSAR are addressed to achieve the best possible precision from the two techniques. Indeed, their modelling and mitigation improve the quality of the estimation as well as provide valuable resources for atmospheric studies. The assessment of long-term deformation in Johor is firstly made by analysing the five years (2007 - 2011) point-specific profile at eight Malaysia Real-Time Kinematic GNSS Network (MyRTKnet) stations. Two processing strategies, namely Precise Point Positioning (PPP) and Double-Difference (DD), are employed to assess their capability for deformation monitoring. The latter also make used of the GPS data from 27 IGb08 stations and 7 International GNSS Service (IGS) stations. Analysis of the results revealed deformation that can be explained by plate tectonic movement and earthquakes in the surrounding region. While results from the PPP processing showed a higher correlation with the recorded earthquakes, the results from DD have improved correlation coefficients at about 4% in the East-West and 5% in the Up-Down components. These improvements are valuable when the rate of deformation is the primary interest. In addition to the point-specific profile, the surrounding deformation of Johor has been assessed with the line-of-sight (LOS) velocity maps from the InSAR time-series. Two sets of ERS-1/2 data, consisting a total of 67 images acquired at two descending tracks (i.e. track 75 and 347), are utilised for the generation of the maps. Moreover, the feasibility of Sentinel-1 satellites is also tested, which revealed improved coherence owing to their short revisit cycle. Some part of Johor showed subsidence and uplift trends, which also agreed with the literature. This information cannot be perceived by the GPS alone due to its limited coverage; hence, further attests to the benefit of their joint analysis. Numerous developments have been implemented in the in-house software (i.e. Punnet) such as the implementation of tropospheric correction, outlier’s rejection scheme, statistical analysis to identify the control point for phase unwrapping, and a new method to retrieve temporal evolution of deformation for a rapidly deforming area.

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8

Diggle, David William. "An investigation into the use of satellite-based positioning systems for flight reference/autoland operations." Ohio : Ohio University, 1994. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1173978322.

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Hussain, Tayyab. "Checking the integrity of Global Positioning Recommended Minimum (GPRMC) sentences using Artificial Neural Network (ANN)." Thesis, University of Gävle, Ämnesavdelningen för samhällsbyggnad, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-5205.

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In this study, Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is used to check the integrity of the Global Positioning Recommended Minimum (GPRMC) sentences. The GPRMC sentences are the most common sentences transmitted by the Global Positioning System (GPS) devices. This sentence contains nearly every thing a GPS application needs. The data integrity is compared on the basis of the classification accuracy and the minimum error obtained using the ANN. The ANN requires data to be presented in a certain format supported by the learning process of the network. Therefore a certain amount of data processing is needed before training patterns are presented to the network. The data pre processing is done by the design and development of different algorithms in C# using Visual Studio.Net 2003. This study uses the BackPropagation (BP) feed forward multilayer ANN algorithm with the learning rate and the momentum as its parameters. The results are analyzed based on different ANN architectures, classification accuracy, Sum of Square Error (SSE), variables sensitivity analysis and training graph. The best obtained ANN architecture shows a good performance with the selection classification of 96.79 % and the selection sum of square error 0.2022. This study uses the ANN tool Trajan 6.0 Demonstrator.

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Tabatabaei, Balaei Asghar Surveying &amp Spatial Information Systems Faculty of Engineering UNSW. "Detection, characterization and mitigation of interference in receivers for global navigation satellite systems." Publisher:University of New South Wales. Surveying & Spatial Information Systems, 2007. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/40545.

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GPS has become very popular in recent years. It is used in wide range of applications including aircraft navigation, search and rescue, space borne attitude and position determination and cellular network synchronization. Each application places demands on GPS for various levels of accuracy, integrity, system availability and continuity of service. Radio frequency interference (RFI) which results from many sources such as TV/FM harmonics, radar or mobile satellite systems, presents a challenge to the use of GPS. It can affect all the service performance indices mentioned above. To improve the accuracy of GPS positioning, a continuously operating reference station (CORS) network can be used. A CORS network provides all the enabled GPS users in an area with corrections to the fundamental measurements, producing more precise positioning. A threat to these networks is a threat to all high-accuracy GPS users. It is therefore necessary to monitor the quality of the received signal with the objective of promptly detecting the presence of RFI and providing a timely warning of the degradation of system accuracy, thereby boosting the integrity of GPS. This research was focused on four main tasks: a) Detection. The focus here is on a power spectral density fluctuation detection technique, in which statistical inference is used to detect narrowband continuous-wave (CW) interference in the GPS signal band after being captured by the RF front-end. An optimal detector algorithm is proposed. At this optimal point, for a fixed Detection Threshold (DT), probability of false alarm becomes minimal and for a fixed probability of false alarm, we can achieve the minimum value for the detection threshold. Experiments show that at this point we have the minimum computational load. This theoretical result is supported by real experiments. Finally this algorithm is employed to detect a real GPS interference signal generated by a TV transmitter in Sydney. b) Characterization. In the characterization section, using the GNSS signal structure and the baseband signal processing inside the GNSS receiver, a closed formula is derived for the received signal quality in terms of effective carrier to noise ratio ( ). This formula is tested and proved by calculating the C/No using the I and Q data from a software GPS receiver. For pulsed CW, a similar analysis is done to characterize the effect of parameters such as pulse repetition period (PRP) and also duty cycle on the received signal quality. Considering this characterization and the commonality between the GPS C/A code and Galileo signal as a basis to build up a common term for satellite availability, the probability of satellite availability in the presence of CW interference is defined and for the two currently available satellite navigation systems (GPS L1 signal and Galileo signal (GIOVE-A BOC(1, 1) in the E1/L1 band)) it is shown that they can be considered as alternatives to each other in the presence of different RFI frequencies as their availability in the presence of CW RFI is different in terms of RFI frequency. c) Mitigation. The last section of the research presents a new concept of ?Satellite Exclusion Zone?. In this technique, using our previously developed characterization techniques, and considering the fact that RFI has different effects on different satellite signals at different times depending on satellite Doppler frequency, the idea of excluding the most vulnerable satellite signal from positioning calculations is proposed. Using real data and real interference, the effectiveness of this technique is proven and its performance analyzed. d) Hardware implementation. The above detection technique is implemented using the UNSW FPGA receiver board called NAMURU.

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Books on the topic "Global Positioning System. Surveying Surveyors"

1

GPS for land surveyors. 3rd ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2008.

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GPS for land surveyors. 2nd ed. Chelsea, MI: Ann Arbor Press, 2001.

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GPS for land surveyors. Chelsea, Mich: Ann Arbor Press, 1996.

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4

Canada, Geodetic Survey of. Guidelines and specifications for GPS surveys: Release 2.1. [Ottawa]: Energy, Mines and Resources Canada, 1992.

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5

Grinker, Barry. Accuracy of shipborne kinematic GPS surveying. Monterey, Calif: Naval Postgraduate School, 1991.

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6

Murata, Masaaki. A GPS surveying method applied to terminal area navigation flight experiments. Tokyo: National Aerospace Laboratory, 1993.

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7

Leick, Alfred. GPS satellite surveying. 2nd ed. New York: Wiley, 1995.

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GPS satellite surveying. 3rd ed. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley, 2004.

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Leick, Alfred. GPS satellite surveying. New York: Wiley, 1990.

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10

Satellite positioning system: Work group report. Cheyenne, Wyo: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management, 1991.

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Book chapters on the topic "Global Positioning System. Surveying Surveyors"

1

Hofmann-Wellenhof, Bernhard, Herbert Lichtenegger, and James Collins. "Surveying with GPS." In Global Positioning System, 115–58. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-5126-6_7.

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Hofmann-Wellenhof, Bernhard, Herbert Lichtenegger, and James Collins. "Surveying with GPS." In Global Positioning System, 131–80. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-3297-5_7.

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Hofmann-Wellenhof, Bernhard, Herbert Lichtenegger, and James Collins. "Surveying with GPS." In Global Positioning System, 129–78. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-3311-8_7.

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Hofmann-Wellenhof, Bernhard, Herbert Lichtenegger, and James Collins. "Surveying with GPS." In Global Positioning System, 133–80. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-6199-9_7.

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Sturgess, Bryant N., and Ellis R. Veatch. "Global Positioning System Surveying (GPS)." In The Surveying Handbook, 334–82. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2067-2_15.

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Logsdon, Tom. "Geodetic Surveying and Satellite Positioning." In The Navstar Global Positioning System, 177–91. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3104-3_13.

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Georgiadou, Yola, and Alfred Kleusberg. "Multipath Effects in Static and Kinematic GPS Surveying." In Global Positioning System: An Overview, 82–89. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-7111-7_7.

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Rizos, Chris, Don B. Grant, and Robert D. Holloway. "GPS Vertical Surveying: A Discussion of Some Special Considerations." In Global Positioning System: An Overview, 272–81. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-7111-7_26.

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"Static Global Positioning System Surveying." In GPS for Land Surveyors, 204–57. CRC Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b18480-8.

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"Real-Time Global Positioning System Surveying." In GPS for Land Surveyors, 258–81. CRC Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b18480-9.

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Conference papers on the topic "Global Positioning System. Surveying Surveyors"

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Unz, Ronald J., Donna M. Rogers, Charles Jones, Jay P. McCown, and Charles A. Waggoner. "Use of Lanthanum Bromide Detectors to Augment Site Surveys for Depleted Uranium." In ASME 2011 14th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2011-59169.

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A variety of systems have now been described for use in surveying sites for anthropogenic radiological contamination. Virtually all of these include use of sodium iodide detectors and register detection data with global positioning satellite data. This paper demonstrates how lanthanum bromide detectors can be used to augment existing field surveys in a manner to reduce uncertainty in areas of low count rates and to discriminate between depleted uranium and naturally occurring uranium. The survey system described is equipped with large (20 × 20 × 100 cm) sodium iodide (Alpha Spectra) and 7.5 × 7.5 cm lanthanum bromide (Saint Gobain) detectors. Additional radiological detection equipment (DigiBase) was obtained from ORTEC with survey data collected in the List Mode. Data collected in surveys were then used to generate digital maps using GeoSoft’s Oasis Montaj. Software has been developed to automatically identify areas of increased count rates using user-defined thresholds. This software can collect the count data for the masked area and generate a composite spectrum that can be compared to a reference spectrum believed to represent an uncontaminated area. Ratios of counts attributed to protactinium-234m (Pa-234m) are compared to counts attributed to Bismuth-214 (Bi-214) for both the composite filed survey spectrum and the reference spectrum. Soil samples have been collected from selected sites over a range of soil and geology types for the purpose of collecting data comparing high purity germanium (HPGe) detector and lanthanum bromide (LaBr) detector spectra. These samples have come from areas believed to be devoid of depleted uranium contamination and from areas expected to have higher concentrations of naturally occurring uranium. A library of HPGe and LaBr spectra have been collected comparing: (1) background soil samples with, (2) spectra from the same samples that have been doped with half the remediation threshold activity of depleted uranium, and (3) the remediation threshold activity of depleted uranium. Ratios of the Pa-234m:Bi-214 for both HPGe and LaBr detectors are provided in this paper. This process can be repeated for any site of interest. Background soil samples can be obtained prior to surveying and an equivalent library of spectral ratios generated. Field data from three different sites will be used to show how LaBr detectors can be effectively used as an infield HPGe surrogate for rapid discrimination between DU contamination and areas of high naturally occurring uranium. Areas of maps of questionable contamination are selected and composite LaBr spectra are generated along with Pa-234m:Bi-214 ratio. This is compared to library data to determine the approximate activity of DU present. All areas suspected of DU contamination can also be selected and excluded from the remainder of map data. A composite spectrum from the areas believed to be uncontaminated can be generated and spectral ratios compared library data for clearance purposes.

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Saghravani, Seyed Reza, Sa'ari bin Mustapha, Seyed Fazlolah Saghravani, Shaharin bin Ibrahim, and Mohd Kamil bin Yusoff. "Performance of Real-Time Kinematic Global Positioning System and Automatic Level Surveying for Height Determination - A Comparison." In 2009 International Conference on Signal Acquisition and Processing, ICSAP. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsap.2009.37.

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Ibrahim, M. R., J. Jaafar, Z. Yahya, and A. M. Samad. "A feasibility study of building structural deformation monitoring using Global Positioning System (GPS), terrestrial surveying technique (TST) and crack gauge measurement (CGM)." In its Applications (CSPA). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cspa.2010.5545342.

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Sarsam, Saad I. "Implementation of Surveying Techniques in the Route Selection for Baghdad Metro Tube." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ARCHITECTURAL AND CIVIL ENGINEERING 2020. Cihan University-Erbil, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24086/aces2020/paper.176.

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Transportation systems play a central role in a sustainable society by providing mobility for people, goods, and services. Significant sustainability benefits are being derived through the improvements in transportation network efficiency, use of alternative modes and multimodality, integration of sustainable design, better integration of land use and transportation systems. Sustainable transportation system usually refers to any means of transportation which has low impact on the environment, affordable to users and can balance the current and future needs. This work covers the implementation of surveying techniques in the route selection for Baghdad Metro Tube. The travel demand has been assessed through an extensive travel potential survey. The public bus terminals were considered as a major source of data. The number of passengers using the present public transportation system from each bus terminal and for each route to various destinations has been recorded. The passenger supply points have been indicated by latitude and longitude that define the bus stop and the proposed metro route using global positioning system GPS. A passenger counting data was collected concerning the present use of public transport. A line indicates travel from one area to another and a grid was constructed. The present bus routes were identified, and the 28 major and minor public transportation terminals, which represent the passenger trip origin and destination nodes, were detected using GPS. The bus terminals were also positioned by the GPS and affixed. The recent land use of Baghdad urban area and the existing transportation network as obtained from Google earth were utilized in the geographic information system GIS environment. Travel corridors are identified and analyzed according to their existing right-of-way conditions, transit services, land use, and demographics.The positive and negative attributes of each corridor with regards to their potential for supporting transitoriented development TOD and higher capacity transit services have been determined through optimization process in the GIS. Finally, five corridors of the highest trip potential have been selected and proposed.

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Armitage, J., R. M. Cornell, and A. Staples. "Remediation of the Site of a Former Active Handling Building in the United Kingdom." In ASME 2009 12th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2009-16041.

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In 2000, Nuvia Limited was contracted to carry out the decommissioning of a former Active Handling Building A59 on the United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority (UKAEA) site at Winfrith in the UK. This is in support of UKAEA’s mission, which is to carry out environmental restoration of its nuclear sites and to put them to alternative uses wherever possible. Recently UKAEA has been reorganised and responsibility for the site lies with Research Sites Restoration Limited (RSRL) with funding provided by the National Decommissioning Authority (NDA). Following major decommissioning operations the main containment building structure and the two suites of concrete shielded caves were demolished between June 2006 and March 2007 leaving just the base slab for final removal and the site remediation operations undertaken. The base slab contained a quantity of encast, internally contaminated items including more than 100 steel mortuary tubes set up to 6.6m deep into the slab. At the outset it was suspected that some leakage of radioactive contamination had occurred into the ground although the precise location/s of the leakage was unknown. As a result the scope of the work required the underlying soil to be carefully monitored for the presence of radioactive contamination and, if detected, its remediation to an end state suitable for unrestricted use without planning or nuclear regulatory controls. These latter operations form the basis of this paper, which reviews some of the significant tasks undertaken during the process and describes the waste monitoring procedures utilised on the concrete and soil debris. Extensive dewatering was required to support the removal of the deeper mortuary tubes and the impact this had upon the operations and associated excavations will be described. Further, the demolition of an external active effluent tank and excavation and monitoring of the surrounding soils due to the presence of significant local contamination will be a key feature of the paper. A number of significant problems that were encountered during the operations will also be identified with a narrative about how these arose and were subsequently overcome. The use of Nuvia’s Groundhog™ system, a gamma radiation ground surveying and global positioning system, together with a well defined sampling grid enabled the footprint of the base slab to be surveyed and subsequently remediated to an agreed standard by the end of 2008 to allow infilling with non-calcareous soil ahead of final landscaping as the last step for completion of the project. One area of particular significance to the remediation process has been the use of office-based contaminated land assessment tools including ReCLAIM, a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet based tool used to assess current and future impacts of radiological contamination at nuclear licensed sites. This tool is particularly recommended to others working on similar projects.

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