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Brolin, Sandra. "Global Regulatory Requirements for Medical Devices." Thesis, Mälardalen University, School of Sustainable Development of Society and Technology, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-700.
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<p>Medical devices are becoming more important in the health care sector. One of the major issues for companies developing and producing medical devices is to be updated on the regulatory requirements and implement them in the process. This thesis examines the regulatory requirements for medical devices in Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, India, Japan, Mexico, Russia, South Korea and Taiwan and compares them with the requirements in the European Union.</p><p>The conclusion of this thesis is that most countries have similar requirements for registration of medical devices and are striving to harmonize with the GHTF guidelines. A company goes far by following the requirements in EU, USA or the GHTF guidelines.</p>
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Björkman, Carl. "Computing component specifications from global system requirements." Thesis, KTH, Teoretisk datalogi, TCS, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-210843.
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If we have a program with strict control flow security requirements and want to ensure system requirements by verifying properties of said program, but part of the code base is in the form of a plug-in or third party library which we do not have access to at the time of verification, the procedure presented in this thesis can be used to generate the requirements needed for the plug-ins or third party libraries that they would have to fulfil in order for the final product to pass the given system requirements. This thesis builds upon a transformation procedure that turns control flow properties of a behavioural form into a structural form. The control flow properties focus purely on control flow in the sense that they abstract away any kind of program data and target only call and return events. By behavioural properties we refer to properties regarding execution behaviour and by structural properties to properties regarding sequences of instructions in the source code or object code. The result presented in this thesis takes this transformation procedure one step further and assume that some methods (or functions or procedures, depending on the programming language) are given in the form of models called flow graph, while the remaining methods are left unspecified. The output then becomes a set of structural constraints for the unspecified methods, which they must adhere to in order for any completion of the partial flow graph to satisfy the behavioural formula.<br>Om vi har ett program med strikta kontrollflödeskrav och vill garantera att vissa systemkrav uppfylls genom att verifiera formella egenskaper av detta program, samtidigt som en del av kodbasen är i form av ett plug-in eller tredjeparts-bibliotek som vi inte har tillgång till vid verifieringen, så kan proceduren som presenteras i detta examensarbete användas för att generera de systemkrav som de plug-in eller tredjeparts-bibliotek behöver uppfylla för att slutprodukten ska passera de givna systemkraven. Detta examensarbete bygger på en transformationsprocedur som omvandlar kontrollflödesegenskaper på en beteendemässig form till en strukturell form. Kontrollflödes-egenskaperna fokuserar uteslutande på kontrollflöden i den meningen att de abstraherar bort all form av programdata och berör enbart anrop- och retur-händelser. Med beteendemässiga egenskaper syftar vi på egenskaper som berör exekverings-beteende och med strukturella egenskaper syftar vi på egenskaper som berör ordningen på instruktionerna i källkoden eller objektkoden. Resultatet i detta examensarbete tar denna transformationsprocedur ett steg längre och antar att vissa metoder (eller funktioner eller procedurer beroende på programmeringsspråk) är redan givna i formen av modeller som kallas flödesgrafer, medan resten av metoderna fortfarande är ospecificerade. Utdata blir då en mängd av strukturella restriktioner för de ospecificerade metoderna, som de måste följa för att en fulländning av den partiella flödesgrafen ska satisfiera den beteendemässiga formeln.
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Eost, Charlotte L. "Capturing ergonomics requirements in the global automotive industry." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1999. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/7602.
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This thesis examines the issues surrounding the collection and dissemination of customer ergonomics requirements in the automotive industry. The aim of the research is to develop a Toolset of methods, known as the Lifestyle Scenario Toolset, for gathering customer requirements in overseas markets, and for presenting the information collected to design teams, taking a user-centred design approach. The Toolset was developed and evaluated with the co-operation of employees from a major UK automotive company. Four studies were conducted, the first comprised a series of interviews to establish the needs of both the data gatherers and data users for a Toolset of methods to collect and communicate overseas customer information. The data gatherers were drawn from the company's Market Researchers, Ergonomists and people responsible for the company's overseas operations. The data users were the design team responsible for the development of the company's next generation 4X4 vehicle. Results showed that the data collection tools which formed part I of the Toolset should be quick to use, require no ergonomics expertise to implement and be cost effective to use. The interviews with data users identified the need for tools which could communicate customer ergonomics requirements to them in a way which fitted in with their current working practices. In addition the tools needed to communicate information in language which was familiar to the design team, and be visually based where possible. The second study explored the development of suitable data collection tools for inclusion in the Lifestyle Scenario Toolset. Building on the needs identified in the first study together with information from the current literature a number of data collection tools were developed for inclusion in part I of the Lifestyle Scenario Toolset. These tools were a questionnaire, driving diary and photographs, focus group, ergonomics audit and background information tool. The tools were designed to collect a range of different data types, e.g. qualitative, quantitative, pictorial and customer verbatims, to provide a rich picture of users and their activities. The tools were used in a field trial to collect data from overseas customers about their ergonomics requirements and the tasks they carried out using their vehicle, in the context of their lifestyle. The third study focused on the development of a set of tools to communicate the data collected in part 1 of the Toolset, to the design team who would use it in their work. The data communication tools were developed to provide information to design teams at a number of levels, enabling them to use the data at an appropriate level for their needs. High level summaries of each of the tools were developed and scenarios presented on storyboards were used to integrate information from all of the data collection tools to provide detailed information about customers' ergonomics requirements and lifestyle. The data communication tools also used a variety of data types and presentation mediums, such as pictures, graphs and customer quotes to increase the richness of the data presented. The fourth study involved the evaluation of the suitability of the Toolset for collecting and communicating overseas customer ergonomics requirements. The data gatherers, and data users (design team) carried out a field trial using the Toolset to establish its usefulness to them in their work. The results of the evaluation showed that the data gatherers found the Toolset easy to implement and were able to use it to pick up overseas customers ergonomics requirements. The communication tools were able to provide the design team with new and useful customer ergonomics information, in a range of formats which they felt comfortable using in their work. The implementation of a user-centred design approach to the development of methods for collecting and communicating overseas customer ergonomics requirements enabled the creation of a Toolset which met the needs of the people who will use it. This increased its acceptance by people in the company and thus the likelihood of the Lifestyle Scenario Toolset's continued use within the company.
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Al-Hammouri, Mohammad Fawzi Ahmad. "Deriving Distributed Design Models from Global Requirements Models." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/42083.
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During the system and software development process for distributed systems, the development of the overall system design is critical for correctness, performance, and reliability. The objective of this thesis is the improvement of methods and tools that can be used to obtain a correct design model for distributed system components automatically by deriving the design model from the global system requirements. Mainly, we are concerned with the transformation from a global requirements model to a distributed design model. The global requirements model describes the behavior of a distributed system in an abstract manner by defining the local actions to be performed by different roles which represent actors in the different system components. The distributed design model defines the behavior of each actor separately, including its local actions plus the exchange of coordination messages, which are necessary to assure that the actions are performed in the required order.
In this work, we first consider a global requirements model in the form of partially ordered actions similar to High-level Message Sequence Chart (HMSC). We study the realizability of the global requirements, which is said to be directly realizable if a design model can be constructed without any coordination messages. We study some problems which prevent direct realizability, such as strict sequence, non-local choice, non-deterministic choice, termination race, and others, and show under which conditions these problems are absent and the global model is directly realizable. For the other cases, we show how a conforming design model can be obtained by introducing a minimal number of coordination messages. In this context, we also show under which conditions sequence numbers are required in the messages of a weak while loop.
Then we study the automatic derivation of a distributed design model using a tool. In order to obtain an easily readable notation for the global requirements model, we adapt the HMSC notation to the UML Hierarchical State Machine (HSM) notation and extend this notation to describe the roles that participate in the actions of each state of the global behavior. A simple state represents some local actions of a single role, while a hierarchical state usually represents a collaboration between several roles. Then we describe a derivation algorithm that can be applied to a global model written in this proposed HSM notation and generates a distributable UML HSM model, which contains a hierarchical state machine for each role of the application.
We implemented this derivation algorithm as a tool in the context of the Umple UML development environment. This tool takes a global requirements model written in the extended HSM notation as input and automatically generates a UML HSM model. The distributed implementation environment described in Zakariapour’s thesis is used for generating a distributed Java implementation, where each distributed component contains one Java run-time environment and realizes the behavior of one or several of the roles of the application. A Travel Management System illustrative example has been discussed to illustrate the representation of the global model using the extended HSM notation and to demonstrate the correctness of the generated design models by the tool.
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Findlater, Kieran Mark. "Biofuels and land use : global requirements and local impacts." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/13796.
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Citing the need for energy security, climate change mitigation, and support for farmer incomes, more than two-dozen countries have announced biofuel production or blending targets for ethanol and biodiesel. The Indian government is no exception, having enthusiastically adopted an oilseed-bearing shrub, Jatropha curcas, as a biodiesel feedstock. There is increasing concern in the scientific community about the potentially expansive land area required to meet such targets. While the carbon dioxide and energy balances of biofuels have been thoroughly examined using lifecycle assessment (LCA), the land-use impacts have received considerably less scrutiny. Studies that have estimated land use requirements have typically examined individual national targets on an ad-hoc basis, with widely varying assumptions. To better understand the impacts of biofuel production on land use, I approach the issue on two scales. At the macro scale, I use a model to estimate the future land area that will be required to meet national biofuel targets, using a uniform methodology to examine the effect of future crop yield growth and co-product allocation. At the micro scale, I examine the specific local impacts that are anticipated to result from Jatropha biodiesel plantation development in rural Rajasthan, India. Researchers and policy-makers across the developing world have expressed a strong interest in following India’s example, and rural Rajasthan makes for an excellent case study from which we can draw lessons applicable to other developing countries.
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Lindström, Erik. "Agile requirements engineering in globally distributed software development projects." Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekonomi och organisation (Inst.), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-281885.
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Requirements engineering remains an important discipline to reduce costs, development times and improve quality in software engineering projects. With Agile methods gaining prominence in a rapidly globalized world, many requirements engineering efforts are today made in distributed contexts, with both teams and stakeholders being separated by physical and organisational distances. At the same time, it is not well understood how agile methods for requirements engineering apply to distributed contexts. This thesis investigates the implementation and use of agile methods for requirements engineering in distributed software engineering contexts. Observations made over a three-month study of the CHAMP project, a joint IT and process development effort between major European truck manufacturers Scania and MAN, are used to assess how commonly practices agile methods perform when implemented over distances. The case study of the CHAMP study suggests that the implementation of agile methods is highly context-sensitive, with limited current opportunities to formulate general heuristics for successful applications. The results of the CHAMP study indicate that distributed contexts hamper team communications when compared to co-located efforts, making it more difficult to implement an overall agile project model. However, individual methods, particularly the use of work backlogs, are found to offer increased structural flexibility beneficial to distributed workflows. Additionally, the CHAMP observations suggest implementing agile methods in new contexts requires an organisational mandate, as agile workflows are less predictable than linear models and can expose the surrounding organisation to higher uncertainty.<br>Kravhantering är fortsatt ett viktigt verktyg för att reducera kostnader, utvecklingstider och öka leveranskvalitet i mjukvaruutveklingsprojekt. Då agila metoder har blivit allt vanligare i en snabbt globaliserad värld, genomförs idag många kravhanteringsprocesser i utspridda sammanhang, där både projektets personal och intressenter är separerade av fysiska och organisatoriska avstånd. Samtidigt är det inte väl förstått hur agila metoder för kravhantering applicerar i utspridda sammanhang. Detta examensarbete undersöker hur agila metoder han implementeras och användas för kravhanteringsprocesser i utspridda mjukvaruutvecklingsprocesser. Observationer insamlade under en tremånadersstudie av CHAMP-projektet, ett gemensamt IT- och affärsutvecklingsprojekt mellan de stora europeiska lastbilstillverkarna Scania och MAN, används för att bedöma hur vanligt förekommande agila metoder fungerar när de tillämpas i agila sammanhang. Fallstudien av CHAMP-projektet indikerar att den specifika kontexten kan kraftigt påverka implementationen ag agila metoder, vilket för närvarande begränsar möjligheten att formulera generella tumregler för hur de framgångsrikt kan lanseras. CHAMP-studiens resultat påvisar att utspridda projekt har svårare att kommunicera jämför med samlokaliserade grupper, vilket gör det svårare att implementera sammanhållet agila projektmodeller. Samtidigt kan enskilda agila metoder, särskilt användningen av backlogs, hjälpa till att öka flexibiliteten i projekt, vilket är värdefullt i utspridda arbetsprocesser. Slutligen påvisar observationerna från CHAMP-projektet att det är viktigt med ett organisatoriskt mandat vid implementationen av agila metoder, då de är mindre förutsägbara än linjära processer och kan utsätta omkringliggande organisationer för högre osäkerhet.
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Perz, Michael Robert. "Integrating stakeholder requirements across generations of technology." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2006. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/06Sep%5FPerz.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S. in Systems Engineering)--Naval Postgraduate School, September 2006.<br>Thesis Advisor(s): Orin E. Marvel. "September 2006." Includes bibliographical references (p. 93-95). Also available in print.
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Agyeman, Addai Daniel. "A Cloud Based Framework For Managing Requirements Change In Global Software Development." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1593266480093711.
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Moreira, Tainá Silvestre. "Energy requirements, energetic partition and methane emission from growing Holstein, Gyr and F1 Holstein-Gyr dairy heifers." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10135/tde-16112016-114843/.
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In Brazil, country with the fifth largest world production of milk, diets formulations are also carried out on the basis of nutritional requirements established in other countries, especially those from predominantly temperate climate. Research validation nutritional systems have evidenced application incompatibility of systems generated in temperate conditions at tropical conditions. Thus, the aim of this study was to determinate energy requirements, energetic partition and methane (CH4) enteric emission from growing Holstein, Gyr and F1 Holstein-Gyr dairy heifers in tropical conditions. The trial was conducted at The Multi-use Livestock Complex of Bioefficiency and Sustainability at Embrapa Dairy Cattle, Coronel Pacheco - MG, Brazil. Were evaluated 36 heifers, 12 Holstein, 12 Gyr and 12 Holstein-Gyr in 3 distinct experiments. In the first one, the 36 heifers were distributed in 12 latin squares, in a 3x3 factorial arrangement which was 3 nutritional plans and 3 genotypes. The nutritional plans were (1) 1.0x maintenance; (2) 1.5x maintenance and (3) 2.0x maintenance and the heifers were fed a diet consisting of 85.0% of corn silage and 15.0% of concentrate on a dry matter (DM) basis. Enteric CH4 emission was evaluated by SF6 tracer technique. Dry matter intake (DMI) and nutrients presented interaction among genotype and nutritional plan. Gyr heifers demonstrated higher crude protein (CP) digestibility (76.55%), F1 Holstein-Gyr intermediary value (75.14%) and Holstein animals presented the lowest value (74.59%). Daily CH4 production (g/d) was influenced by nutritional plan and differed as well between genotypes whereas Gyr heifers compared to the others had lesser CH4 emissions. Heifers fed at lower nutritional plan presented highest (85.5%) CH4 emissions by average daily gain (g/ kg of ADG) when compared to heifers fed at the higher nutritional plan. We found annual emissions of 45.84 kg of CH4. The second experiment has as objective measure the heat production (HP) and the enteric CH4 emission from dairy heifers using face mask (FM) method. The same animals, treatments and diets that were used in the first study were used in this second and third one. The HP expressed in Mcal by metabolic body weight (Mcal/BW0.75) was affect by genotype and Gyr heifers presented lower HP (163.2) when compared to Holstein (201.0) while F1 Holstein-Gyr heifers did not differ (181.3). Observed interaction among genotype and nutritional plan to CH4 emission in (g/d) and grams per kilo of metabolic body weight (g/kg of BW0.75). When expressed in dry matter ingested was not found genotype or nutritional plans effects to CH4 production. In the third study, our objective was to determine energy requirements, energetic partition and enteric CH4 emission using the \"gold standard\" methodology as calorimetric respirometry. Each heifers spent one 24 hours period in an open-circuit respirometric chamber (RC) to measurements. The CH4 emission was influenced by genotype and nutritional plan. Holstein and F1 Holstein-Gyr heifers demonstrated 73.4% superior emissions when compared to Gyr heifers. The net energy requirements for maintenance (NEm/kcal BW0.75) was 103.9 for Holstein heifers, 79.86 for Gyr heifers and 103.8 for F1 Holstein-Gyr heifers. The metabolizable energy requirements for maintenance (MEm/kcal BW0.75) was 132.6 for Holstein heifers, 116.0 for Gyr heifers and 138.2 for F1 Holstein-Gyr heifers. Were not found differences among Holstein and F1 heifers on NEm and MEm, so was formulated a combined equation for both, where the net and metabolizable energy requirements for maintenance were 105.2 and 135.0 kcal/BW0.75, respectively. We concluded that our results about nutritional requirements had similarity with available literature from respirometric chambers. These generated data from dairy cattle will be used for a future data base vising the establishment of feed patterns for representative dairy cattle genotypes in national herd composition. Also, the enteric methane emission data obtained in this study will be used in the greenhouse gases national inventory.<br>No Brasil, país com a quinta maior produção mundial de leite, as formulações de dietas ainda são realizadas com base nas exigências nutricionais estabelecidas em países de clima predominantemente temperado. Pesquisas de validação de sistemas nutricionais têm evidenciado incompatibilidade de aplicação dos sistemas gerados em condições temperadas às condições tropicais. Assim, objetivou-se com o presente trabalho determinar as exigências de energia, a partição da energia consumida e emissão de metano (CH4) entérico de novilhas leiteiras em crescimento das raças Holandês, Gir e F1 Holandês-Gir, em condições tropicais. O experimento foi realizado no Complexo Experimental Multiusuário da Embrapa Gado de Leite, localizado no Campo Experimental José Henrique Bruschi, em Coronel Pacheco - MG. Foram avaliadas 36 novilhas leiteiras, sendo 12 da raça Holandês, 12 da raça Gir e 12 F1 Holandês-Gir em 3 experimentos distintos. No primeiro experimento, as 36 novilhas foram distribuídas em 12 quadrados latinos, em arranjo fatorial 3x3, ou seja, 3 planos nutricionais e 3 grupos genéticos. Os planos nutricionais foram (1) 1.0x mantença; (2) 1.5x mantença e (3) 2.0x mantença e as novilhas foram alimentadas com uma dieta constituída de 85.0% de silagem de milho e 15.0% de concentrado com base na matéria seca (MS). A metodologia empregada para mensuração de CH4 foi a técnica do gás traçador SF6. O consumo de matéria seca (CMS) e nutrientes apresentou interação entre genótipo e plano nutricional. Novilhas da raça Gir apresentam maior digestibilidade da proteína bruta (76,55%), as F1 Holandês-Gir valor intermediário (75,14%) enquanto que os animais da raça Holandês apresentaram o menor valor (74,59%). A produção diária de metano em grama dia (g/d) foi influenciada pelo plano nutricional e também diferiu entre grupo genético, sendo que novilhas da raça Gir quando comparadas às demais tiveram menor emissão de CH4 entérico. Novilhas alimentadas sob o menor plano nutricional apresentaram maior emissão de CH4 (85,5%) por ganho de peso diário (g/kg de GPD) quando comparada as novilhas sob o maior plano nutricional. A produção média de CH4 anual encontrada no presente estudo foi de 45,84 kg. O segundo experimento teve como objetivo mensurar a produção de calor (PC) e a emissão de CH4 entérico por novilhas leiteiras através do método da máscara facial. Os mesmos animais, tratamentos e dietas que foram utilizadas no primeiro estudo foram utilizados neste estudo e no estudo que será descrito posteriormente a esse. A PC expressa em Mcal por peso vivo metabólico (Mcal/PVM) foi afetada por genótipo e novilhas da raça Gir apresentaram menor PC (163,2) quando comparada as novilhas Holandês (201,0) enquanto que as novilhas F1 Holandês-Gir não diferiu das demais (181,3). Observou-se interação entre genótipo e plano nutricional para emissão de CH4 em grama dia e em grama por quilo de peso vivo metabólico. Quando expresso em relação à matéria seca ingerida, não foram encontrados efeitos de genótipo ou plano nutricional para emissão de CH4. O terceiro estudo objetivou determinar as exigências de energia, a partição energética e a emissão metano entérico pela metodologia padrão de respirometria calorimétrica. Cada novilha permaneceu por um período de 24 horas no interior da câmara para as mensurações. A emissão de CH4 (g/d) foi influenciada por genótipo e plano nutricional. Novilhas Holandês e F1 Holandês-Gir demonstram emissões superiores em 73,4% quando comparadas as novilhas da raça Gir. A exigência de energia líquida para mantença (ELm/kcal BW0,75) foi 103,9 para novilhas Holandês, 79,86 para novilhas Gir e 103,8 para novilhas F1 Holandês-Gir. A exigência de energia metabolizável para mantença (EMm/kcal BW0,75) foi 132, 6 para novilhas Holandês, 116,0 para novilhas Gir e 138,2 para novilhas F1 Holandês-Gir. Não foram encontradas diferenças entre novilhas Holandês e F1 Holandês-Gir para exigências de ELm e EMm, então foi formulada uma equação combinada para ambas, onde ELm e EMm foram 105,2 e 135,0 kcal/BW0,75, respectivamente. Concluiu-se que os atuais resultados de exigências em energia tiveram similaridade com a literatura disponível e serão utilizados para inclusão no banco de dados de gado de leite, a ser formado com trabalhos já existentes e outros que ainda serão desenvolvidos, visando ao futuro estabelecimento das normas e padrões nacionais de alimentação para bovinos leiteiros dos grupos genéticos mais representativos do rebanho nacional. Os dados de emissão de metano entérico obtidos poderão ser utilizados na elaboração do inventário nacional de emissão de gases de efeito estufa pelas atividades pecuárias.
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Quiroga, Jorge E. Strength Jason T. "Determining an optimal bulk-cargo schedule to satisfy global U.S. military fuel requirements /." Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1996. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA320550.
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Thesis (M.S. in Operations Research) Naval Postgraduate School, September 1996.<br>Thesis advisor(s): Dan C. Boger. "September 1996." Includes bibliographical references (p. 73). Also available online.
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Quiroga, Jorge E., and Jason T. Strength. "Determining an optimal bulk-cargo schedule to satisfy global U.S. military fuel requirements." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/26463.
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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited<br>The Defense Fuel Supply Center (DFSC) is responsible for the acquisition, storage, and distribution of bulk petroleum products to support worldwide military service requirements. DFSC delivers these ftlel products around the globe through a fleet of bulk- cargo tankers which are controlled by Military Sealift Command (MSC). The current method of scheduling cargo deliveries is done manually and takes approxirnately three to five days to complete, requiring close interaction with MSC. The cargo scheduling planners must specifY a feasible load port and time, and discharge port and time for each cargo such that military fuel demands are met and the tankers are utilized efficiently. Currently, there are no mathematical models available to assist scheduling planners in assigning an efficient cargo schedule. The objective of this thesis is to aid scheduling planners in determining the most efficient cargo sequencing plan. This is achieved through the development of a mathematical model which represents the cargo scheduling problem and through the design of a microcomputer interface that allows use of the model as a management tool which seeks to maximize the number of cargo deliveries. Specifically, an optimization model utilizing the network structure of the maximum flow model, which is accessed through a spreadsheet-based interface, is used to solve the cargo scheduling problem
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Binder, Jean. "An investigation into the requirements and practices for global project management in the information systems department of a global organization." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/3241.
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Globalization has motivated some organizations to combine resources from different countries and establish relationships across national borders. The computer and network advances of the 1990s facilitated collaboration across organizations, locations, countries, cultures and languages in the form of global projects (GPs). Consequently, some Information Services (IS) global project managers (GPMgrs) have no hierarchical power over these dispersed teams and must apply a wide range of soft skills to increase their motivation, engagement and availability to work on IS GPs. From the literature, what is lacking is a holistic framework of practices that contributes to the success of IS GPMgmt without requiring such hierarchical power over the team and supplemented through the use of proximity dimensions identified from the management literature to address the geographical dispersion of team members. The two hypotheses addressed by this research are: (i) existing Project Management (PMgmt) frameworks do not adequately address the unique requirements of IS GPMgmt and (ii) that these can be addressed by a holistic framework of practices contributing to IS GPMgmt success. Consequently, , the research ascertained the current management requirements and practices in IS GPs, identified which of these are covered by existing literature, created a framework of GPMgmt practices based on recommendations from both practitioners and the existing literature and evaluated the framework in the workplace. The achievement of these objectives answered three research questions (RQs): RQ1 - What are the unique challenges faced by IS Global Project Managers (GPMgrs)? RQ2 - In the light of these challenges, is there a set of GPMgmt practices that contributes to the success of IS GPMgmt? RQ3 - What is the structure of such a set of practices? This research was performed as a qualitative study underpinned by abductive reasoning, using Action Research (AR) methodology and Grounded Theory (GT) methods to triangulate field work data with an analysis of the literature on global project management, proximity and organizational change over four AR cycles. The Global Project Management Framework (GPMF) and associated challenges and practices emerged from these cycles along with the benefits and negative aspects of GPMgmt and the framework and a list of difficulties faced during implementation. This resulted in a categorization of the unique challenges faced by IS GPMgrs, the definition of a novel set of GPMgmt practices that contributes to their success and a structured framework that allows a broader and ongoing conceptualization of GPs that facilitates the development of reflective practitioners. The punctuated change model used to develop and implement the framework and the survey instrument that assesses the extent to which the challenges and practices are applicable to other contexts are additional key findings that contribute to future IS GPMgmt studies. The resulting GPMF can support the early identification of global risks and challenges and make suggestions to researchers and GPMgrs looking into improve GP coordination, communication and collaboration. This innovative framework was verified in one company and can now be expanded by future studies to help GPMgrs reflect on the evolving technologies and increasingly complex human relations in other organizational and geographical contexts.
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Thedinga, Angela (Angela Marie). "Forecasting resource requirements for drug development long range planning." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/59187.
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Thesis (M.B.A.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management; and, (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Chemical Engineering; in conjunction with the Leaders for Manufacturing Program at MIT, 2010.<br>"June 2010." Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 64).<br>This thesis investigates the use of a task-based Monte Carlo simulation model to forecast headcount and manufacturing capacity requirements for a drug development organization. A pharmaceutical drug development group is responsible for designing the manufacturing process for new potential drug products, testing the product quality, and supplying product for clinical trials. The drug development process is complex and uncertain. The speed to market is critical to a company's success. Therefore, it is important to have an adequate number of employees and available manufacturing capacity to support timely and efficient drug development. The employees and manufacturing capacity can either be supplied internally or externally, through contract manufacturing organizations. This thesis formulates and empirically evaluates a simulation model designed using the Novartis Biologics drug development process and is adaptable to other pharmaceutical organization. The model demonstrates 7% accuracy when compared with historical data, and estimates within 13% of the currently accepted manufacturing capacity forecasting tool. Additionally, three case studies are included to demonstrate how the model can be used to evaluate strategic decisions. The case studies include: a drug development process improvement evaluation, an outsourcing evaluation, and an "at risk" development evaluation.<br>by Angela Thedinga.<br>S.M.<br>M.B.A.
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Velpula, Chaitanyakumar. "Requirements Negotiation and Conflict Resolution in Distributed Software Development : A Systematic Mapping Study and Survey." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för programvaruteknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-13671.
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The main aim of this thesis is to explore the industrial practices of requirements negotiation and conflict resolution within distributed software development. The motivation for this study is to get insight of the industrial practices in particular interventions (Communication tools, Models, Communication media) that used by practitioners to resolve requirements negotiation and conflicts resolution between clients and suppliers, since many researchers purposed interventions in the literature for requirements negotiation and conflicts resolution in distributed software development. Context: In Requirements Engineering, requirements negotiation and conflict resolution are crucial activities to achieve a common ground between clients and suppliers, it is considered as one of the crucial factors for delivering successful software. However, the shift from traditional collocated practices to a distributed environment offers both benefits and drawbacks which were studied earlier by researcher, but surprisingly there are few studies with insight of exploring the distributed requirements negotiations and conflict resolution practices. This research investigates the state of requirements negotiation and conflict resolution activities in distributed software development with an insight on their importance and relevance to this research area. Objectives: Overall goal of this thesis is to understand how requirements negotiations and conflict resolution are performed in distributed software development, knowing what are the available tools to perform requirements negotiation and conflict resolution, whether these existing tools are good enough to cope up with the industrial practices, knowing most widely used tools, methods and approaches, most importantly does the present research able to bridge the gap with in distributed software development? Methods: This thesis study comprises of two research methodologies. 1. Systematic mapping study (SMS)- To identify the proposed interventions in the literature to perform requirements negotiation and conflict resolution activities in Industrial Software Development within a distributed environment. 2. Industrial Survey- To identify industrial practices to perform rei quirements negotiation and conflict resolution in Industrial Software Development within a distributed environment. Results: 20 studies were identified through systematic mapping study (SMS). After analyzing the obtained studies, the list of interventions (Preparatory activities/communication tools/ Models) were gathered and analyzed. Thereupon, an industrial survey is conducted from the obtained literature, which has obtained 41 responses. Effective communication media for preparatory activities in requirements negotiations and conflict resolution are identified, validation of communication tools for effective requirements negotiations and conflict resolution is performed. Apart from the validation, this study provided list of factors that affects the requirement negotiations and conflict resolution activities in distributed software development. Conclusions: To conclude, the obtained results from this study will benefit practitioner in capturing more insight towards the requirements negotiations and conflict resolution in distributed software engineering. This study identified the preparatory activities involved for effective communication to perform requirements negotiation activities, effective tools, models and factors affecting of requirements negotiations and conflict resolution. In addition to this, validation of results obtained from the literature is carried through survey. Practitioners can be benefitted from the end results of by knowing the effective requirements negotiation and conflict resolution interventions (Communicational tools/ Models/ Communication media) for early planning in distributed software development. Researchers can extend the study by looking in to the real-time approaches followed by the practitioners to perform the both activities in the direction of future studies.
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Weber, Martin. "Global solidarity and responsibility : ethical requirements for green political theory in the age of 'globalization'." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.394114.
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Ahmad, Arshad, and Hashim Khan. "The Importance of Knowledge Management Practices in Overcoming the Global Software Engineering Challenges in Requirements Understanding." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Avdelningen för programvarusystem, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-4783.
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Going offshore has become a norm in current software organizations due to several benefits like availability of competent people, cost, proximity to market and customers, time and so on. Despite the fact that Global Software Engineering (GSE) offers many benefits to software organizations but it has also created several challenges/issues for practitioners and researchers like culture, communication, co-ordination and collaboration, team building and so on. As Requirements Engineering (RE) is more human intensive activity and is one of the most challenging and important phase in software development. Therefore, RE becomes even more challenging when comes to GSE context because of culture, communication, coordination, collaboration and so on. Due to the fore mentioned GSE factors, requirements’ understanding has become a challenge for software organizations involved in GSE. Furthermore, Knowledge Management (KM) is considered to be the most important asset of an organization because it not only enables organizations to efficiently share and create knowledge but also helps in resolving culture, communication and co-ordination issues especially in GSE. The aim of this study is to present how KM practices helps globally dispersed software organizations in requirements understanding. For this purpose a thorough literature study is performed along with interviews in two industries with the intent to identify useful KM practices and challenges of requirements understanding in GSE. Then based on the analysis of identified challenges of requirements understanding in GSE both from literature review and industrial interviews, useful KM practices are shown and discussed to reduce requirements understanding issues faced in GSE.
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Hussain, Waqar. "Requirements Change Management in GlobalSoftware Development: A Case Study inPakistan." Thesis, Linnaeus University, School of Computer Science, Physics and Mathematics, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-6079.
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<p>Global software development has been a phenomenon of growing interest for almost past decade or so; and its adoption trend continues to gain momentum. Globally distributed work istaken up as an alternative to single-site mainly because of the economic and strategic benefits itoffers. Software development at geographically distributed environment is not a straightforwardtask and entails numerous challenges which are unique to this form of development.</p><p>Requirements change management is considered challenging even in the best of conditions andit becomes even harder when performed at geographically distributed development locations.There is no existing model for managing requirements change in globally distributed softwaredevelopment context.</p><p>This study uses qualitative research method to explore requirements change managementprocess and investigates the underlying causes of requirements change in geographicallydistributed software development. The research work proposes a model for requirementschange management for global software development. This model tries to incorporate the roles,activities and artifacts identified in the change management models.</p>
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Milicic, Gregory J. "An analysis of tactical mesh networking hardware requirements for airborne mobile modes /." Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2005. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/05Mar%5FMilicic.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S. in Information Technology Management)--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2005.<br>Thesis Advisor(s): Alexander Bordetsky. Includes bibliographical references (p. 39-40). Also available online.
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Andrén, Samuel. "Categorizing and managing difficulties in interorganizational requirements engineering." Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekonomi och organisation (Inst.), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-273975.
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As globalisation is now a reality for most large organizations, and the competition for most businesses moving faster and becoming tougher, there is a need for engineering projects to deliver results faster in a more complex environment than ever, but also for companies to collaborate to utilize a wider array of competencies and to reach new markets with their products. This case study analyses which difficulties arise in interorganizational requirements engineering, and what organizations can do to alleviate the effects of those difficulties, as well as suggest which actions are most effective to focus on. The conclusion of this study is that the difficulties can be divided into three categories, namely interpersonal, structural and processual. Each category concerns a different set of people and require different actions for increased effectiveness. For the interpersonal category, prioritized efforts should be to establish a shared vocabulary and use techniques to build shared contextual understanding. For structural difficulties, evaluating management and control structures and the implementation of the project’s strategy should be prioritized. In the processual category, codifying existing processes to enable improvements, defining information artefacts and aligning information flows should be of high priority<br>Globaliseringens effekter är idag en verklighet för de flesta stora organisationer, och konkurrensen för företag blir hårdare och förändrar sig allt snabbare. Därför blir det allt viktigare för utvecklingsprojekt att anpassa sig till en allt mer komplex miljö och leverera resultat snabbare än tidigare, men också att samarbeta mer med andra företag för att såväl utnyttja bredare kompetens som att nå nya marknader. Den här studien undersöker utmaningarna i interorganisatoriskt kravställningsarbete, vad företag kan göra för att möta de utmaningarna, såväl som att föreslå vilka handlingar som ger mest effekt för ett bättre kravställningsarbete. Slutsatsen av studien är att utmaningarna kan delas in i tre kategorier, nämligen personorienterade, strukturella och processorienterade. Varje kategori rör en viss mängd deltagare i projektet och kräver olika handlingar för ökad effektivitet. För att minska utmaningar i den personorienterade kategorin bör ett projekt prioritera att använda tekniker för att skapa ett gemensamt språkbruk och att använda tekniker för att bygga upp gemensam kontextuell förståelse. För strukturella utmaningar bör det prioriteras att utvärdera styrnings- och kontrollstrukturer, samt hur projektets strategi har implementerats och förankrats bland deltagarna. I den processorienterade kategorin bör det prioriteras att kodifiera existerande processer för att möjliggöra förbättringsarbete, definiera informationsartefakter och att försäkra sig om att informationsflöden är i linje med varandra mellan företagen, så att rätt information möts vid rätt tillfällen.
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Hatton, Marc. "Requirements specification for the optimisation function of an electric utility's energy flow simulator." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96956.
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Thesis (MEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Efficient and reliable energy generation capability is vital to any
country's economic growth. Many strategic, tactical and operational
decisions take place along the energy supply chain. Shortcomings in
South Africa's electricity production industry have led to the development
of an energy
ow simulator. The energy
ow simulator is
claimed to incorporate all significant factors involved in the energy
ow process from primary energy to end-use consumption. The energy
ow simulator thus provides a decision support system for electric
utility planners.
The original aim of this study was to develop a global optimisation
model and integrate it into the existing energy
ow simulator. After
gaining an understanding of the architecture of the energy
ow simulator
and scrutinising a large number of variables, it was concluded that
global optimisation was infeasible. The energy
ow simulator is made
up of four modules and is operated on a module-by-module basis, with
inputs and outputs
owing between modules. One of the modules,
namely the primary energy module, lends itself well to optimisation.
The primary energy module simulates coal stockpile levels through
Monte Carlo simulation. Classic inventory management policies were
adapted to fit the structure of the primary energy module, which is
treated as a black box. The coal stockpile management policies that
are introduced provide a prescriptive means to deal with the stochastic
nature of the coal stockpiles.
As the planning horizon continuously changes and the entire energy
ow
simulator has to be re-run, an efficient algorithm is required to optimise
stockpile management policies. Optimisation is achieved through
the rapidly converging cross-entropy method. By integrating the simulation and optimisation model, a prescriptive capability is added
to the primary energy module. Furthermore, this study shows that
coal stockpile management policies can be improved. An integrated
solution is developed by nesting the primary energy module within the
optimisation model. Scalability is incorporated into the optimisation
model through a coding approach that automatically adjusts to an everchanging
planning horizon as well as the commission and decommission
of power stations.
As this study is the first of several research projects to come, it paves
the way for future research on the energy
ow simulator by proposing
future areas of investigation.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Effektiewe en betroubare energie-opwekkingsvermoë is van kardinale belang
in enige land se ekonomiese groei. Baie strategiese, taktiese en operasionele
besluite word deurgaans in die energie-verskaffingsketting geneem.
Tekortkominge in Suid-Afrika se elektrisiteitsopwekkingsindustrie
het tot die ontwikkeling van 'n energie-vloei-simuleerder gelei. Die
energie-vloei-simuleerder vervat na bewering al die belangrike faktore
wat op die energie-vloei-proses betrekking het van primêre energieverbruik
tot eindgebruik. Die energie-vloei-simuleerder verskaf dus 'n
ondersteuningstelsel aan elektrisiteitsdiensbeplanners vir die neem van
besluite.
Die oorspronklike doel van hierdie studie was om 'n globale optimeringsmodel
te ontwikkel en te integreer in die bestaande energie-vloeisimuleerder.
Na 'n begrip aangaande die argitektuur van die energievloei-
simuleerder gevorm is en 'n groot aantal veranderlikes ondersoek
is, is die slotsom bereik dat globale optimering nie lewensvatbaar is
nie. Die energie-vloei-simuleerder bestaan uit vier eenhede en werk op
'n eenheid-tot-eenheid basis met insette en uitsette wat tussen eenhede
vloei. Een van die eenhede, naamlik die primêre energiemodel, leen
dit goed tot optimering. Die primêre energiemodel boots steenkoolreserwevlakke
deur Monte Carlo-simulering na. Tradisionele voorraadbestuursbeleide
is aangepas om die primêre energiemodel se struktuur
wat as 'n swartboks hanteer word, te pas. Die steenkoolreserwebestuursbeleide
wat ingestel is, verskaf 'n voorgeskrewe middel om met
die stogastiese aard van die steenkoolreserwes te werk.
Aangesien die beplanningshorison deurgaans verander en die hele
energie-vloei-simulering weer met die energie-vloei-simuleerder uitgevoer
moet word, word 'n effektiewe algoritme benodig om die re-serwebestuursbeleide te optimeer. Optimering word bereik deur die
vinnige konvergerende kruis-entropie-metode. 'n Geïntegreerde oplossing
is ontwikkel deur die primêre energiemodel en die optimering
funksie saam te voeg. Skalering word ingesluit in die optimeringsmodel
deur 'n koderingsbenadering wat outomaties aanpas tot 'n
altyd-veranderende beplanningshorison asook die ingebruikneem en
uitgebruikstel van kragstasies.
Aangesien hierdie studie die eerste van verskeie navorsingsprojekte
is, baan dit die weg vir toekomstige navorsing oor die energie-vloeisimuleerder
deur ondersoekareas vir die toekoms voor te stel.
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Milicic, Gregory J. "Analysis of hardware requirements for airborne tactical mesh networking nodes." Thesis, Monterey California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/2218.
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Approved for public release, distribution is unlimited<br>Wireless mesh mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) provide the military with the opportunity to spread information superiority to the tactical battlespace in support of network-centric warfare (NCW). These mesh networks provide the tactical networking framework for providing improved situational awareness through ubiquitous sharing of information including remote sensor and targeting data. The Naval Postgraduate School's Tactical Network Topology (TNT) project sponsored by US Special Operations Command seeks to adapt commercial off the shelf (COTS) information technology for use in military operational environments. These TNT experiments rely on a variety of airborne nodes including tethered balloon and UAVs such as the Tern to provide reachback from nodes on the ground to the Tactical Operations Center (TOC) as well as to simulate the information and traffic streams expected from UAVs conducting surveillance missions and fixed persistent sensor nodes. Airborne mesh nodes have unique requirements that can be implemented with COTS technology including single board computers and compact flash.<br>Lieutenant, United States Navy
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Atkinson, Robert E. III. "Tropical Cyclone Reconnaissance Over the Western North Pacific with the Global Hawk Operational Requirements, Benefits, and Feasibility." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/17315.
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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited<br>Over the North Atlantic Ocean, an operational manned aircraft-based tropical cyclone (TC) reconnaissance program is conducted by the United States Air Force. However, no such program is conducted over the western North Pacific (WPAC), where the maximum annual number of TCs occurs. Rather, remotely-sensed observations from satellites provide data on TC characteristics. While operational forecasts of TC track over the WPAC have improved, the rate of improvement has declined, and no such decline has been observed over the North Atlantic. In this study, the declining rate of improvement in WPAC forecast accuracy is examined relative to the lack of direct observations. The capabilities of manned-aircraft are compared with use of a Global Hawk unmanned aerial system for use as an observing platform. This is proposed in view of a declining capability in satellite data coverage. Current Global Hawk programs are reviewed with respect to requirements for operational tropical cyclone reconnaissance over the western North Pacific. A multi-year demonstration project is proposed to obtain in situ observations of TC location and intensity. The observation impacts on improved tropical cyclone forecasts will be assessed such that a positive impact will lead to recommendation of a Global Hawk for operational tropical cyclone reconnaissance.
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Rehman, Zia ur. "Overcoming Challenges of Requirements Elicitation in Offshore Software Development Projects." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för programvaruteknik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-1919.
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Context. Global Software Development (GSD) is the plan of action in which software development is performed under temporal, political, organizational and cultural boundaries. Offshore outsourced software development is the part of GSD, which refers to the transfer of certain software development activities to an external organization in another country. The primary factors driving offshore outsourced software development are low cost, access to a large pool of skilled laborers, increased productivity, high quality, market access and short development cycle. Requirements engineering (RE) and especially requirements elicitation is highly affected by the geographical distribution and multitude of stakeholders. Objectives. The goal of conducting this study is to explore the challenges and solutions associated with requirements elicitation phase during offshore software projects, both in research literature and in industrial practice. Moreover, this study examines that which of the challenges and practices reported in literature can be seen in industrial practice. This helped in finding out the similarities and differences between the state of art and state of practice. Methods. Data collection process has been done through systematic literature review (SLR) and web survey. SLR has been conducted using guidelines of Kitchenham and Charters. During SLR, The studies have been identified from the most reliable and authentic databases such as Compendex, Inspec (Engineering village) and Scopus. In the 2nd phase, survey has been conducted with 391 practitioners from various organizations involved in GSD projects. In the 3rd phase, qualitative comparative analysis has been applied as an analysis method. Results. In total 10 challenges and 45 solutions have been identified from SLR and survey. Through SLR, 8 challenges and 22 solutions have been identified. While through industrial survey, 2 additional challenges and 23 additional solutions have been identified. By analyzing the frequency of challenges, the most compelling challenges are communication, control and socio-cultural issues. Conclusions. The comparison between theory and practice explored the most compelling challenges and their associated solutions. It is concluded that socio-cultural awareness and proper communication between client and supplier organization’s personnel is paramount for successful requirements elicitation. The scarcity of research literature in this area suggests that more work needs to be done to explore some strategies to mitigate the impact of additional 2 challenges revealed through survey.<br>0046 707123094
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Huang, Yu. "Global legality requirements and chain of custody certification : potential impacts of recent changes on China's wood products industry." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/43951.
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Many initiatives have been designed to reduce illegal logging and to legitimize the associated forest products trade. The latest governmental initiatives include the United States Lacey Act Amendment (US LAA) and the European Union Timber Regulation (EU TR). A key non-governmental initiative is Chain of Custody (CoC) certification. Since China is a very large importer of primary wood products and a major exporter of value-added wood products, it is critical to understand the impacts of these initiatives on China.
The study aims to analyze the potential impacts of the US LAA, the EU TR, and CoC certification on China's wood products industry at two levels. First, at the individual producer level, 107 export-oriented Chinese wooden furniture manufacturers were randomly selected to investigate their perceptions of and responses to these initiatives. Guided by an integrated innovation-adoption model, the study identified the factors that affect a firm's legal compliance and its propensity to adopt CoC certification. Second, at the wood products industry level, the potential longer-term impacts of the US LAA and the EU TR on China's wood products industry were estimated using the International Forest and Forest Products (IFFP) trade model.
There were several key results. First, at the individual producer level, multiple linear regression identified factors that were statistically significant in determining a firm's willingness to comply with legality requirements. They included the natural logarithm of firm size, the natural logarithm of export proportion, the interaction between opportunity and: client pressure, the natural logarithm of export experience and the natural logarithm of export proportion. Second, at the individual producer level, binary logistic regression suggested that client pressure, firm size, and the expectation of general benefits were statistically significant in determining a firm's decision to adopt CoC certification. Third, at the wood products industry level, the IFFP results indicated that these governmental initiatives in the US/EU might decrease the production and net export of China's plywood, veneer sheet, and fibreboard. The results also indicated an increase in China's sawnwood and particleboard production, and a decrease in their net imports.
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Lopes, Danny de Souza. "Proposta de participação do Estado do Amazonas em projetos de desenvolvimento global de software." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3141/tde-06122010-110423/.
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O Estado do Amazonas tem realizado investimentos em educação através da oferta de ensino superior em tecnologia para seus municípios, como alternativa para fomentar o desenvolvimento regional. Porém, de forma complementar, é necessário promover condições para que essas comunidades possam ter acesso a um mercado de trabalho e colocar em prática o conhecimento adquirido, sem que para isso necessitem migrar para outros centros mais desenvolvidos. Este trabalho de pesquisa apresenta uma proposta de inclusão do estado do Amazonas como agente colaborador em projetos de desenvolvimento global de software, através da criação de um conjunto de recomendações para guiar empreendedores no investimento desta solução. O método inclui a coleta de informações sobre as características particulares dos municípios do Estado do Amazonas utilizando técnicas de elicitação de requisitos com foco em engenharia de sistemas, e o estabelecimento de relação entre os problemas regionais e os principais problemas enfrentados por equipes que atuam com desenvolvimento global de software. A partir dessa relação, são geradas recomendações voltadas para capacitação de recursos humanos, investimentos em infraestrutura tecnológica e física local, oferecendo assim uma fonte alternativa de sustentabilidade ao desenvolvimento econômico da região amazônica.<br>Amazonas State has invested in education by offering higher education in technology for its cities, as an alternative to foster regional development. However, it is necessary to promote conditions for these communities to have access to a labor market and put into practice the acquired knowledge, without the need to migrate to other more developed cities. This work presents a proposal to inclusion of State of Amazonas as a collaborator agent in global software development projects, by establishing a set of recommendations to guide entrepreneurs in the investment of this solution. The method includes collecting information about the particular characteristics of Amazonas cities using requirements elicitation techniques with focus on systems engineering, and the establishment of relationship between the regional problems and the main issues faced by teams working with global software development. From this relationship, the recommendations are generated focused on human resources training, investments in the local physical and technological infrastructure, thus providing an alternative source of sustainability to economic development of Amazonas.
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Nicolás, Ros Joaquín. "Una Propuesta de Gestión Integrada de Modelos y Requisitos en Líneas de Productos Software." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Murcia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/10920.
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En esta tesis doctoral se presenta una propuesta de Ingeniería de Requisitos (IR) para líneas de productos que integra modelos de análisis del dominio y requisitos en lenguaje natural: (1) se estudia la reutilización de requisitos textuales, definiendo un método de IR basado en reutilización de requisitos en lenguaje natural, denominado SIREN, validado en entornos industriales; se propone además una extensión de SIREN para desarrollo global de software, junto con un repositorio de amenazas y salvaguardas para la IR que se lleva a cabo en entornos globalizados; (2) se describe una evolución de SIREN con el objetivo de modelar el dominio de una línea de productos, los sistemas teleoperados para mantenimiento de cascos de buques; y (3) se plantea la integración de modelos de ingeniería del software con especificaciones de requisitos en lenguaje natural, en este orden, implicando la generación de requisitos textuales a partir de modelos.<br>In this doctoral thesis an approach to requirements engineering (RE) for product lines integrating domain analysis models and natural language requirements is formulated: (1) the SIREN method is defined, an RE method based on natural language requirements reuse, which has been validated in industrial environments; furthermore, a method extending SIREN to the global software development is defined based on a risks and safeguards repository concerning RE when performed in distributed environments; (2) an evolution of SIREN is proposed with the intent of modeling the software product line of the teleoperated systems for ship hull maintenance; and (3) the interest of the generation of textual requirements starting from software engineering models is corroborated and a flattening correspondence is defined which maps the domain analysis models to natural language requirements.
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Basahel, Abdullah M. "Evaluating the adoption of strategic information systems planning (SISP) in global organisations." Thesis, Brunel University, 2010. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/4504.
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In a comprehensive review of literature on the strategic adoption of information systems (IS), various approaches to strategic IS adoption were unable to verify and coordinate different factors for IS investment as a strategic business unit. An assessment of different models in this area through the review of empirical case studies was required to identify the factors that affect IS strategic adoption, because these factors support the evaluation and adoption of both the process and result of IS strategic adoption. Thus, a study to investigate and evaluate the adoption of strategic information systems planning (SISP) within organisations is required in order to identify the factors that affect this type of adoption. The research in this thesis takes into account the adoption process and the factors for the adoption of SISP. There is also a need to understand and evaluate different IS planning techniques within a framework that can support decision-makers through the entire IS strategic adoption process. This framework is a component of the proposed novel model that considers other crucial factors that influence IS strategic evaluation and adoption. Decision-makers may employ such a model and evaluation framework that considers important SISP criteria, such as (a) SISP benefits, (b) SISP requirements and, (c) SISP drivers, as an important reference tool. After presenting the conceptual components of this research, the empirical side expresses the application of a qualitative research approach through a case study strategy to investigate the proposed model of SISP adoption. As a result, two global organisations were investigated, reported, and analysed. Additional factors for the adoption of SISP emerged from these analyses. The proposed conceptual model was modified to present 11 factors that influence the adoption of SISP, including (a) planning team; (b) benefits; (c) requirements; (d) drivers; (e) costs; (f) IS performance measurement; (g) framework for the evaluation of SISP techniques; (h) SISP methods; (i) SISP tools; (j) support; and (k) IS strategy. The primary contribution of this thesis is a comprehensive novel model for the evaluation and adoption of SISP. The model includes two levels of original contribution. Firstly, it accounts for previous studies in SISP and their factors, which supports the conceptual level of this contribution. The researcher incorporated and extended these studies to merge the factors which were recognised in the normative literature. In addition, factors from empirical work have also been combined in the proposed model, thus developing a consistent paradigm for the evaluation and adoption of SISP. Secondly, the concept and process of the proposed model can be applied as an educational guide throughout the IS strategic evaluation and adoption process. Nevertheless, this model contains a proposed framework for the evaluation of IS strategic planning techniques as factors that influence the adoption of SISP. This framework is novel, since it is a part of the proposed model as well as a classification of IS planning techniques, and supports decision-makers’ understanding and evaluation of planning techniques during the adoption of SISP.
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Ahlström, Emma, and Martina Myrén. "Obligatoriskt krav på hållbarhetsredovisning : Faktorer till utmaningar som kan uppstå i företags praktiska arbete." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för handel och företagande, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-15292.
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I årsredovisningslagen (1995:1554) tillkom en ändring (2016:947) som medför att större svenska företag blir tvingade till att upprätta en hållbarhetsredovisning. I en tidigare undersökning framkommer det att nio av tio företag upplever det nya lagkravet som utmanande. Denna studie bidrar därför med kunskap om vilka dessa utmaningar kan vara och vad de kan bero på. Syftet med studien är att uppmärksamma vilka faktorer som ligger till grund för att företag uppfattar implementering av lag (2016:947) som utmanande. Genom detta kan studien bidra med förståelse för det praktiska arbetet vid upprättandet av hållbarhetsredovisningar. Det kan vara användbart för företag som går över från frivillig till lagstadgad hållbarhetsredovisning eller företag som upprättar en hållbarhetsredovisning för första gången i samband med ett lagkrav.För att uppnå syftet har studien utgått ifrån en kvalitativ forskningsmetod i form av intervjuer. Det har utförts åtta intervjuer med hållbarhetsansvariga på företag inom modebranschen samt sport- och fritidsbranschen. För att erhålla empiri kring det praktiska arbetet ansågs en kvalitativ metod vara bäst lämpad då det önskades praktiska exempel från informanterna.Studiens resultat kan förklaras med hjälp av implementeringsteorin där egenskaperna förstå, kan och vill presenteras. För att uppmärksamma svårigheter vid implementeringen kommer studien att undersöka om företagen besitter dessa tre egenskaper. Vid implementering av ett beslut är det väsentligt att veta vilka egenskaper företagen har för att förstå styrningenseffekter. Inom implementeringsteorin framgår det att det är mest problematiskt ifall viljan inte finns vid en implementering. Resultatet från studien visar att det finns utmaningar hos företagen som kan kopplas till egenskaperna förstå och kan. Egenskapen vill visar sig i denna studie inte kunna kopplas till företagens utmaningar.<br>The Annual Account Act (1995:1554) introduced a change (2016:947) which implies that larger Swedish companies are forced to establish a sustainability report. In a previous survey it appears that nine out of ten companies experience the new legal requirement as challenging. This study therefore contributes with knowledge of which these challenges could be and what they may depend on. The purpose of the study is to observe what factors that are the reasons why companies perceive implementation of law (2016:947) as challenging. By this, the study can contribute to understand the practical work in the preparation of sustainability reports. It can be useful for companies that switch from voluntary to statutory sustainability reporting or companies that establish a sustainability report for the first time in a connection with a legal requirement. To achieve the aim, the study has been based on a qualitative research method in the form of interviews. There have been eight interviews with sustainability managers in companies within the fashion industry as well as the sports-and leisure industry. In order to gain empirical knowledge about the practical work, a qualitative method was considered most appropriate because it was desired that the informants provided practical examples. The result of the study can be explained by using the implementation theory where the properties understand, can and will are presented. In order to pay attention to difficulties with implementation, the study will investigate whether the companies process these three properties. When implementing a decision, it is essential to know what properties companies have in order to understand the effects of the control. In implementation theory, it appears that it is most problematic if there is no willingness to implement. The result from the study shows that there is challenges within the companies that can be linked to the properties understandand can. The property will appear in this study unable to connect to the challenges in the companies.
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Hoey, Barbara. "A Comprehensive Study on the Global Regulatory Requirements for the submission of a Post-Approval Change, specifically a Change in Manufacturing Site." University of the Western Cape, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6128.
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Magister Scientiae - MSc (Pharmacy Administration and Policy Regulation)<br>Regulatory requirements for post-approval changes vary for different countries around
the world. It is a challenging and costly process for pharmaceutical companies to
manage changes to the approved regulatory dossier over the lifecycle of the product
when it is registered in many countries. In practice the process can be complex,
unpredictable and time consuming because of regional differences and frequent
changes in regulatory procedures, requirements and timelines. The global regulatory
requirements for the submission of a post-approval change, specifically a change in
manufacturing site, were reviewed for six jurisdictions for this study. These include
United States of America (US), Europe (EU), South Africa, Brazil, Russia and China. The
study centred on the differences in the documentation required when submitting a
post-approval change for a change in manufacturing site in these countries. The study
compared and contrasted the differences and similarities between the jurisdictions. An
analysis of the challenges for implementation of the change was performed. The study
also examined what resources a company may need in order to meet the
requirements. Some notable similarities but also many differences in the post-approval
submission requirements between the countries were identified. Some of the
similarities included classification of the type of variation, the submission application
process, and the requirement to provide supportive stability data and updates to the
common technical dossier (CTD). Differences highlighted were the types of application
forms required, the amount of stability data required to support the change and the
time lines for review of post-approval changes in each jurisdiction. The challenge for
pharmaceutical companies arises in the effective management of these differences.
Investment in a robust regulatory change management team is an essential resource
requirement for pharmaceutical companies. Adoption of a QbD approach and careful
consideration of the global requirements during the product development phase could
potentially be of use in strategic planning within a company in order to ensure
continued product access globally.
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Papastathopoulos, Stavros. "Expanding the European Union's Petersberg tasks : requirements and capabilities /." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2004. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/04Jun%5FPapastathopoulos.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Defense Decision-Making and Planning)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2004.<br>Thesis advisor(s): David S. Yost. Includes bibliographical references (p. 57-64). Also available online.
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Young, Nolan B. "Using the Global Positioning System (GPS) to fulfill the position/location requirements of the National Training Center (NTC) and other U.S. Army instrumented testing and training ranges." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/28632.
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Sanyal, Sagar. "Political equality and global poverty : an alternative egalitarian approach to distributive justice : a thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Philosophy at the University of Canterbury /." Thesis, University of Canterbury. School of Humanities, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/2156.
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I argue that existing views in the political equality debate are inadequate.
I propose an alternative approach to equality and argue its superiority to
the competing approaches. I apply the approach to some issues in global
justice relating to global poverty and to the inability of some countries to
develop as they would like. In this connection I discuss institutions of
international trade, sovereign debt and global reserves and I focus
particularly on the WTO, IMF and World Bank.
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Tröndle, Tobias Wolfgang [Verfasser], and Ulrich [Akademischer Betreuer] Platt. "Development of a global electricity supply model and investigation of electricity supply by renewable energies with a focus on energy storage requirements for Europe / Tobias Wolfgang Tröndle ; Betreuer: Ulrich Platt." Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1180395549/34.
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Jägermeyr, Jonas. "Assessing opportunities to increase global food production within the safe operating space for human freshwater use." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/17802.
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Die Landwirtschaft ist heute der wichtigste Treiber der globalen Degradation von Ökosystemen. Es existiert jedoch wenig konkretes Wissen, wie Ökosysteme zu schützen sind und gleichzeitig die Nahrungsproduktion für die wachsende Weltbevölkerung gesichert werden kann. In dieser Dissertation untersuche ich Optimierungsmöglichkeiten im landwirtschaftlichen Wassermanagement. Ich quantifiziere praxisorientierte Verbesserungen der Regenwassernutzung und Optimierungen von Bewässerungssystemen, unter Einhaltung der „environmental flow requirements“ (EFRs). Um diese komplexen Interaktionen zu untersuchen, entwickle ich ein agro-hydrologisches Modell auf Basis detaillierter, mechanistischer Prozessabbildung weiter. Erstens, 39% der derzeitigen Wasserentnahmen für Bewässerung sind nicht nachhaltig und somit auf Kosten der Ökosysteme. Zweitens, solche lokalen Wasserentnahmegrenzen legen nahe, dass die globale Grenze für den menschlichen Wasserverbrauch deutlich niedriger liegt, als bisher angenommen (2800 vs 4000 km3yr-1). Drittens, die Implementierung von EFRs würde die landwirtschaftliche Produktion erheblich beeinträchtigen, mit >20% in stark bewässerten Gebieten. Verbesserte Nutzung des Niederschlagswassers und die Optimierung von Bewässerungssystemen, können die weltweite Nahrungsmittelproduktion allerdings um rund 40% nachhaltig steigern - ausreichend, um die Nahrungsmittellücke der wachsenden Weltbevölkerung bis 2050 zu halbieren. Zusammenfassend stellt diese Arbeit die erste umfassende und systematische Einschätzung globaler Potentiale der nachhaltigen Intensivierung der Landwirtschaft aus der Wasserperspektive dar. Die in dieser Arbeit vorgebrachten innovativen und quantitativen Erkenntnisse legen nahe, dass das Potential der diskutierten Interventionen höhere politische Aufmerksamkeit erfahren sollte. Meine Ergebnisse können eine konkretere Diskussion zur Umsetzung der Sustainable Development Goals untermauern.<br>Agriculture is today''s most important driver of ecosystem degradation across scales. However, there is little evidence on how to attain the historic twin-challenge of maintaining environmental integrity while producing enough food for a growing world population. In this thesis, I assess opportunities in agricultural water management to reconcile future food needs with environmental limits to water use. I explore solution-oriented ways to improve rainfed and irrigation systems alike, while safeguarding environmental flows (EFRs). To study complex interactions quantitatively, I advanced a state-of-the-art global modeling framework based on detailed, mechanistic process representation. First, a systematic upscaling of EFRs to global coverage indicates that 39% of current freshwater withdrawals for irrigation are unsustainable and occur at the cost of ecosystems. Second, accounting for EFRs indicates that the planetary boundary for freshwater use might be notably lower (2800 vs. 4000 km3yr-1) than expected. Third, maintaining EFRs would significantly affect food production, cutting >20% of total kcal production across intensely irrigated areas. Fourth, improving irrigation systems in combination with optimizing the use of precipitation water, provides effective and accessible measures to compensate for adverse impacts from protecting EFRs and climate change. Such integrated interventions could sustainably intensify global food production (+40% kcal) to the degree sufficient to halve the global food gap by 2050. In conclusion, this thesis provides the first comprehensive and systematic assessment of hitherto largely unquantified water opportunities in sustainable intensification of agriculture. While requiring corroboration by finer-scale research, the innovative quantitative foundation provided in this thesis suggests that farm water management merits a rise in political attention, and it can inform a more comprehensive discussion of related SDG target interactions.
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Clear, Tony. "Supporting the work of global virtual teams the role of technology-use mediation : a thesis submitted to Auckland University of Technology in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), 2008." Click here to access this resource online, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10292/650.
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This thesis investigates the role of technology-use mediation in supporting the work of global virtual teams. The work is set in the context of a longer term action research programme into collaborative computing and global virtual teams, initiated by Auckland University of Technology in New Zealand and Uppsala University in Sweden. Over the period since 1998, global virtual collaborations involving teams of students from both universities have been conducted annually. This thesis investigates the 2004 collaboration cycle, in which participants from St Louis University Missouri joined the collaboration. This was the first triadic collaboration, and covered Northern, Southern and Western aspects of the globe while traversing three widely divergent time-zones. In spite of the extensive experience in collaboration possessed by the coordinators at all three sites, the results of the global virtual trial were at best mixed. This repeated experience of dissatisfaction in our global virtual collaborations, in spite of the technology being in place has been a primary motivator for this work. Why is global virtual collaboration difficult? What roles and activities are critical? How can we do it better? These are not issues solely to do with the student actors in the global virtual teams, but more to do with the supporting cast, engaged in “activities which involve the shaping of other users activities of [technology] use” (Orlikowski et al., 1995, p.425). Thus came about my interest in exploring the topic of technology-use mediation. This thesis applies a research framework adapted from DeSanctis & Poole’s “Adaptive Structuration Theory” (1994) by the author. Initially applied to “facilitation” in virtual teams “Extended Adaptive Structuration Theory (EAST)” (Clear, 1999a), has undergone further development. The resulting research framework “Technology-use Mediated AST (TUMAST)” is applied here for the first time to investigate technology-use mediation activities performed during the global virtual collaborative trial. A corpus of data based on the email communications of supporting parties to the collaboration is analysed in depth in this study, applying a combination of grounded theoretic and structurational techniques. Thus a very rich and firmly grounded picture of the processes of technology-use mediation is built. This thesis represents the first known in-depth longitudinal study of technology-use mediation in a real global virtual team setting. From this exploratory study some novel theorizations have resulted. Methodologically it demonstrates analysis of technology-use mediation applying the TUMAST framework in a manner that captures the richness and evolution over time of these complex activities. Substantively it proposes a novel theory of “Collaborative Technology Fit (CTF)”. It is hoped that future global virtual team coordinators and researchers may apply the theory in order to map their situation, and diagnose their degree of collaborative alignment on multiple dimensions, thus enabling corrective actions to be taken. While the work arises in a tertiary education context, it reflects the reality of professionals at work in a global virtual team. Its application within other domains remains to be proven, but readings from the literature, and personal experience within global virtual software development teams suggest its wider applicability.
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Rydqvist, Magnus. "ÄR KRÄNKNINGAR, HOT OCH VÅLD VARDAG FÖR LÄRARE? : Ett arbete om kränkningar, hot och våld samt elevers uppförande och bemötande mot lärare i högstadiet." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för hälsa, vård och välfärd, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-43557.
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Alla människor vill gå till arbetet utan att känna oro och ängslan samt kunna gå hem från arbetet med en positiv känsla i kroppen. Vissa människor går till arbetet med en klump i magen och kommer hem med minnen om en skrämmande och hotfull situation som uppstod under dagen. Dagens lärare utsätts för kränkningar, hot och våld i sitt yrkesutövande något som är en direkt påverkan på deras person och arbetsmiljö. Nummer tre av de åtta folkhälsopolitiska målsättningarna tar bland annat upp ökad hälsa i arbetslivet, något som vissa lärare möjligtvis går miste om. Syftet med studien var att undersöka i vilken omfattning högstadielärare utsätts för, kränkningar, hot och våld och om detta hade ett samband med sjukskrivningar hos lärare. Kvantitativa data samlades in via enkäter ställda till lärare för högstadieelever i klass 7–9. Data analyserades både deskriptivt och analytiskt för att kunna besvara frågeställningarna i syftet. Ur resultaten framkom att majoriteten av respondenterna utsatts för kränkningar hot och/eller våld samt att nästan hälften av respondenterna uppfattar att elevers bemötande påverkar dem negativt samt att elevers beteende var bättre förr. Lärares utsatthet för kränkningar, hot och våld kunde dock inte kopplas till sjukskrivning. Slutsatsen är att lärare är en utsatt yrkesgrupp som behöver få stöd inom sin yrkesroll och erbjudas funktionella verktyg för att kunna utföra sitt yrke, förslagsvis med Krav- kontroll-stödmodellen, samt att skolan som arena behöver ses över och göras säkrare.<br>Everyone wishes to be able to go to work without anxiety and to being able to leave work with a positive feeling. Some people go to work feeling troubled and return to their homes with memories of a frightening and threatening situation that arose during the day. Teachers are subjected to violations, threats and violence in their occupation, which affects them both personally and within their work environment. Number three of the eight Public Health policy objectives include, among other things, increased health at work something that some teachers may miss out on. The purpose of the study was to investigate the extent to which high school teachers are exposed, violations, threats and violence and whether this had any connection with teacher’s sick leave. Quantitative data were collected through surveys that were filled in by teachers in 7th and 9th grade at primary-schools. Analysis regarding both descriptive and analytic forms were presented to answer the questions included in the studies aim. The results showed that the majority of respondents were subjected to violations, threats and /or violence and that almost half of the respondents perceived that pupils' treatment affected them negatively and that student behavior was better in the past. However, teachers' exposure to violations, threats and violence, could not be linked to sick leave. The conclusion is that teachers are a vulnerable professional group who need to be strengthened and offered functional tools to be able to carry out their profession with the Requirements Control support model and that the school as an arena needs to be reviewed and made safer.
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Fleck, Kenneth. "Finding the shadows in the mirror of experience an ontological study of the global co-worker : a thesis submitted to Auckland University of Technology in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Philosophy, 2008." Click here to access this resource online, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10292/468.
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This study explores the phenomenon of a personal exploratory field visit to HIV programmes in Malawi and how that informs my future plans to work cross-culturally with HIV. I use hermeneutic phenomenology with the guidance of Heidegger and Gadamer, and draw on Ackermann, Hill, Maluleke, Moltmann, and Thielicke for theological direction. This study analyses how personal formation takes place and how the meaning of that experience can inform future cross-cultural interaction. The data of this study is drawn from a range of people interviewing ‘me’. This includes a pre and post interview in relation to my three week exploratory visit to Malawi, and recorded daily reflections during the visit. Upon return I was interviewed about my experience by ten people from the following areas: nursing, counselling, development, theology, business, medicine, clergy, an Expatriate Malawian, and a women working from a Maori paradigm. These interviews focused on my experience with questions framed from the interviewer’s specialty area. The transcripts become further data for my study. The findings of this thesis suggest that people wishing to work cross-culturally need to understand their motivation for their work, and understand who they are before entering a foreign land. This transformative journey also needs to continue as part of the process of working with people because we can only be effective with change if we are listening and hearing the other’s perspective. It is in being open to this difference between persons that we continue to find ourselves. While perhaps we have a tendency to want to make everybody like us, we can only grow into our full potential in relationship with truly different others. Tensions I experienced demonstrate that there is a complex need to understand how the context controls how HIV is perceived. This requires uncovering some of the deeper issues of HIV and culture, and knowing how to conceptualise these in both positive and informative ways. This thesis asks four key questions for the global-co-worker to work through before embarking on cross-cultural mission: 1. How do you know you should go?; 2. How are you going to make a difference?; 3. Who are you going to be?; and 4. What will sustain your involvement? My own experience has drawn me into a deeper awareness of the need for a vital connectedness of faith, hope and love underpinning the everydayness of such an experience.
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Lu, Weiqi. "An exploration of performance measurement systems in global organisations and SMEs from a contingency perspective : a thesis submitted to Auckland University of Technology in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Business, 2009 /." Click here to access this resource online, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10292/774.
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Watts, Tony. "Strategies for New Zealand manufacturing small and medium sized enterprises going global : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Business Studies in Management at Massey University, Turitea, Palmerston North, New Zealand." Massey University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1141.
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The strategies to employ when a small to medium sized enterprise (SME) enters the international market are important issues for a business to consider. This research study addresses the question “What strategies will position New Zealand manufacturing small and medium sized enterprises for international markets?” It is intended to compare various strategies for going global, discovering these through a literature review and personal interviews with New Zealand businesses who have successfully globalised. The research studies globalisation within manufacturing small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) in New Zealand. It explores strategies available in order to discover their advantages and disadvantages, and suggests key strategic directions for New Zealand manufacturing SME’s to use when entering into international markets. The research is intended to benefit New Zealand SME’s considering entering the international market place, which in turn will contribute towards benefiting New Zealand as a whole as it endeavours to position itself in the international competitive arena. Specific strategies for New Zealand manufacturing SME’s wishing to establish global markets are explored with implications for theory, research, and business practices. A case study approach was adopted, with multiple research methods used to gather information for the study. An experience survey in the form of personal interviews was used to gather a range of views from people with knowledge and experience in exporting to international markets. Documents were analysed, together with information gained through the interviews to compile case histories of the businesses that participated in this research. Strategies relevant to going global were identified in a literature review and these strategies were compared with actions and directions taken by the businesses interviewed. The analysis of the findings reveals congruence with theoretical strategies for globalisation of SMEs identified in previous studies; however it was found that decisions made when going global were highly dependent on the individual circumstances that a business finds itself in, rather than committing to strategies based on assumptions from academic studies. The businesses involved in this study went global through opportunities more so than strategic purpose. They had not set out to be a global enterprise, however when the opportunities arose their globalisation effort needed total commitment. Their experiences are discussed in this study and have relevance for other firms looking to go global.
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Tiller, Tina Rønhovde. "Exploring the relationship between tourism and concern for the global natural environment : a case study of Wellington residents : a thesis submitted to the Victoria University of Wellington in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Tourism Management /." ResearchArchive@Victoria e-Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10063/1299.
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Hasler, Jeffrey L. "Rethinking global engagement : the requirement for knowledge before action /." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2005. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/05Jun%5FHasler.pdf.
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Ferreira, Clive Joaquim. "A case study of Metropolitan Holdings Limited to assess the usefulness of the Global Business Coalition guidelines in relation to workplace HIV/AIDS programmes and a brief examination of the possible impact of the HIV/AIDS disclosure requirements, as recommended by the King II report." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50234.
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Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2005.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Metropolitan Holdings Limited is a life insurance and investment company
with a well-recognised brand, operating in a competitive environment. The
Metropolitan Doyle model that the company developed in the 1980s was the
first of its kind and is used to predict the course and impact of the HIV/AIDS
pandemic. Metropolitan has since been actively engaged in developing
insurance products, designed to take HIV/AIDS into account. It has,
moreover been active in advocating action on a wide range of issue relating to
the disease, not least through its RedRibbon website, the publication of the
respected journal, AIDS Analysis Africa, and through various community
initiatives, particularly involving HIV/AIDS education. The company’s external
work on the issue of HIV/AIDS is therefore well recognised. Although it has
had an internal programme for several years, it has only seriously addressed
the HIV/AIDS in the workplace since 2003 and in so doing, has not found the
necessity of using any existing models of best practice.
This case study examines the guidelines of a comprehensive HIV/AIDS
programme, as set out by the Global Business Coalition on HIV/AIDS, with a
view to finding out whether and to what extent a company such as
Metropolitan might have implemented its recommendations and what impact it
might have in the fight against HIV/AIDS in the workplace.
The case study further examines the likely impact of the King II
recommendations relating to the disclosure requirements on HIV/AIDS (in
conjunction with the Global Reporting Initiative Guidelines) with a view to
assessing whether these can enable a company such as Metropolitan, to
have regard to the impact of the disease on the sustainability of their business
and the steps that might be taken to mitigate the impact.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING:
Metropolitan Holdings Beperk is ‘n lewensversekerings – en
beleggingsmaatskappy, met ‘n alombekende handelsmerk, wat in ‘n
kompeterende omgewing funksioneer. Die Metropolitan-Doyle model wat
deur die maatskappy in die 1980’s ontwikkel is, was die eerste in sy soort, en
word gebruik om die verloop en impak van die MIV/VIGS pandemie te
voorspel.
Metropolitan is sedertdien aktief betrokke in die ontwikkeling van
versekeringsprodukte, was spesifiek ook MIV/VIGS as oogmerk het. Die
maatskappy is boonop besig om betrokkenheid oor ‘n wye spektrum van
uitkomste verwant aan die siekte te propageer, veral deur die RedRibbonwebtuiste,
die publikasie van die hoogaangeskrewe joernaal, AIDS Analysis
Africa, en deur verskeie gemeenskapsinisiatiewe wat spesifiek die opvoeding
aangaande MIV/VIGS insluit. Die maatskappy se eksterne werk op die
aangeleentheid van MIV/VIGS word dus wyd erken. Alhoewel dit ook al
verskeie jare oor ‘n interne program beskik, is dit eers sedert 2003 dat
MIV/VIGS in die werkplek ernstig aangespreek word. Deur dit so te doen, is
daar nie die nodigheid gesien om enige bestaande modelle wat die beste
werk, te gebruik nie.
Hierdie gevallestudie ondersoek die riglyne van ‘n omvattende MIV/VIGS
program, soos uiteengesit deur die Global Business Coalition oor MIV/VIGS,
met die oogmerk om uit te vind tot watter mate ‘n maatskappy soos
Metropolitan sy aanbevelings mag implementeer en watter impak dit mag hê
op die bestryding van MIV/VIGS in die werkplek.
Die gevallestudie ondersoek verder die waarskynlike impak van die King IIaanbevelings
rakende die openbaarmakende vereistes oor MIV/VIGS (in
samehang met die Global Reporting Initiative Riglyne) met die oogmerk om te
bepaal of bogenoemde ‘n maatskappy soos Metropolitan in staat kan stel om
geleentheid te hê tot die impak van die siekte op die volhoubaarheid van hul
besigheid en die stappe wat geneem mag word om die impak te beheer.
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Nickl, Andre. ""Urban sustainability in the Global South and the role of integrated transport solutions : experiences from Latin America with a focus on Chile's TranSantiago" : a thesis submitted to the Victoria University of Wellington in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Development Studies /." ResearchArchive@Victoria e-Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10063/1141.
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Nasir, Saeed. "The evolution of global intellectual property instruments into trade related intellectual property rights (TRIPS) and its ineffectiev enforcement in the developed world a case study : a thesis submitted to Auckland University of Technology in fulfilment [sic] of the requirements of the degree of Master of Philosophy (MPhil), 2008." Click here to access this resource online, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10292/673.
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Shukla, Vikas. "Comprehensive méthodology for the complex systems' requirements engineering & decision making." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ISAT0019/document.
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L’objectif principal de l’ingénierie des systèmes est la création d’un ensemblede produits et des services de haute qualité qui permettent l’accomplissement de tâchespour répondre aux besoins des clients. Un projet typique d’ingénierie des systèmes peutêtre divisé en trois phases : la définition, le développement et le déploiement. La phasede définition comprend les activités de capture des exigences et de leur raffinement. Àla fin de la phase de définition du système, nous avons toutes les exigences fonctionnelleset non-fonctionnelles du système. L’un des résultats de la phase de développement est lemodèle de travail initiale du système. La phase de déploiement se compose des activitésliées à (1) l’évaluation opérationnelle du système, à (2) l’utilisation du système et à (3) sonentretien. Dans un cycle de vie du projet, il y a de nombreuses questions qui doivent êtretraitées au cours des différentes phases pour finalement livrer un produit.Nous avons proposé une solution aux problèmes liés à l’ingénierie des exigences et auxtechniques de la détection, de la gestion et de la résolution des conflits entre les partiesprenantes. Cette thèse est basée sur les dernières avancées dans les pratiques industrielleset de recherche dans le domaine de l’ingénierie de conception du système.L’objectif de ce travail de thèse est de proposer une méthodologie de conception novatriceet globale en tenant compte de l’environnement multidisciplinaire et de multiplesintervenants. Nous avons proposé un langage de modélisation des exigences basé sur lestechniques GORE. Nous avons proposé quelques outils pour réduire l’ambiguïté des exigencestels l’utilisation de phrases négatives et de tests á l’aide de négation lorsqu’il s’agitde traiter certaines exigences difficiles à comprendre avec les techniques classiques. Nousavons également proposé des techniques de gestion des exigences pour mieux assurer leurtraçabilité. Concernant la résolution des conflits, nous avons proposé des techniques depondération des critères au cours des différentes étapes du cycle de vie. En utilisant lamême technique de pondération de critères, une méthode de décision multicritères et multiparticipants est proposée pour divers problèmes de décision survenant pendant le cycle devie du projet d’ingénierie systèmes.Enfin, une approche globale de l’ingénierie des systèmes est proposée pour intégrertoutes les contributions faites précédemment et est illustrée sur une étude de cas concernantun projet réel avec la présentation dŠun outil SysEngLab que nous avons développé pourmettre en oeuvre la majorité des méthodes et des techniques proposées au cours de thèse<br>The primary goal of the systems engineering is the creation of a setof high quality products and services that enable the accomplishment of desiredtasks and needs of the clients or user groups. A typical systems engineering projectcan be divided in to three phases: definition, development, and deployment. Thedefinition phase involves the activities of requirement elicitation and refinement.By the end of system definition phase, we have all the system functional and nonfunctionalrequirements. One of the results of development phase is initial workingmodel of the system. The deployment phase consists of activities of operationalimplementation, operational testing and evaluation, and operational functioning andmaintenance. In a project life cycle there are numerous issues to be sorted out duringthe various phases to finally deliver a successful product. We proposed solution tothe problems of requirements engineering & management, design conflict detection,and stakeholders conflict resolution. This thesis is based on the recent advances inindustrial practices and research in the field of system design engineering.The objective of this thesis work is to propose an innovative and holistic conceptionmethodology taking into account the multidisciplinary environment and multiplestakeholders. We have proposed a requirements modeling language based on theGORE techniques. We have proposed a few of tools for reducing the ambiguity ofrequirements such as: using negation and test cases using negation for contractingdifficult requirements. Requirement management techniques are proposed to providebetter requirements traceability and aid for other systems engineering activities.Few guidelines have been designed to guide the design of traceability policies. Criteriaweighting technique has been designed to better carry out the conflict resolutions,during the various life cycle stages. Using the same criteria weighting technique aflexible multi criteria multi participant decision methodology is proposed for variousdecision problems arising during the life cycle of systems engineering project.Finally, a comprehensive prescriptive systems engineering approach is proposedusing all the previously made contributions and an illustrative case study of a realongoing project is presented developed using the supporting tool SysEngLab, whichimplements majority of the methods and techniques proposed during thesis
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Leong, Elaine. "Water Situation In China - Crisis Or Business As Usual?" Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Industriell miljöteknik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-94186.
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Several studies indicates China is experiencing a water crisis, were several regions are suffering of severe water scarcity and rivers are heavily polluted. On the other hand, water is used inefficiently and wastefully: water use efficiency in the agriculture sector is only 40% and within industry, only 40% of the industrial wastewater is recycled. However, based on statistical data, China’s total water resources is ranked sixth in the world, based on its water resources and yet, Yellow River and Hai River dries up in its estuary every year. In some regions, the water situation is exacerbated by the fact that rivers’ water is heavily polluted with a large amount of untreated wastewater, discharged into the rivers and deteriorating the water quality. Several regions’ groundwater is overexploited due to human activities demand, which is not met by local. Some provinces have over withdrawn groundwater, which has caused ground subsidence and increased soil salinity. So what is the situation in China? Is there a water crisis, and if so, what are the causes?This report is a review of several global water scarcity assessment methods and summarizes the findings of the results of China’s water resources to get a better understanding about the water situation. All of the methods indicated that water scarcity is mainly concentrated to north China due to rapid growth, overexploitation from rivers and reduced precipitation. Whereas, South China is indicated as abundant in water resources, however, parts of the region are experiencing water scarcity due to massive dam constructions for water storage and power production. Too many dam constructions in a river disrupts flow of the river water and pollutants are then accumulated within floodgates.Many Chinese officials and scholars believe that with economic growth comes improved environmental quality when the economy has reached to a certain of per-capita level. However, with the present water situation it is not sustainable or possible for China to keep consuming and polluting its water resources. Improvement of environmental quality does not come automatically with increased income, and policies, laws and regulations are needed in order to stop further deterioration of the environment.China’s water situation is not any news and the key factor is human activities, but the question is how to solve it. China’s water crisis is much more complex than over exploitation of groundwater and surface water. There are three water issues in China: “too much water – floods, too little water – droughts, and too dirty water – water pollution” (Jun & Chen, 2001). Thus, solving China’s water crisis is a huge challenge to solve without negatively affecting the economic growth.
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Caliskan, Serap. "The Influence of Cultural Differences on the Business Analysis Process in Globally Distributed IT Companies : A case study of Turkey and Poland branches of an IT Corporation." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för informatik (IK), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-36081.
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Today, globally distributed software development is an unstoppable trend in Information Technology (IT) all over the world due to the benefits it provides such as cost benefits, time saving, accessing the large labor pool and available resources. However, globally distributed software companies face some issues in this regard. Cultural differences are introduced and discussed as one of the fundamental issues in globally distributed IT companies. Further, it is evident from the literature that business analysis process is the fundamental phase of software development process that affects the entire process of software development, and requires effective communication and collaboration among teams and between team members. Globally distributed software development makes the business analysis process and its related sub-phases even much more complicated than it is. Therefore, in this study, the influence of cultural differences on globally distributed business analysis process is analyzed. In order to do that, I conduct a qualitative study in which employees of the Turkey and Poland branches of the GTECH IT Company are interviewed. Hence, in this study remote project team member are asked about varying cultural differences that I extract from several existing cultural models and unify them into an integrated model. There are many studies exist about cultural differences in literature and these studies has similarity and differences which are creating complexity for readers and researchers. Hence, in this research Hofstede’s, Hall’s and Trompenaars’ cultural frameworks are unified and then I develop a new cultural model. By applying this new framework or model I investigated the influence of varying cultural differences on business analysis process that is conducted in a globally distributed IT company.
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Adappan, Ramu Sasikala, and Kuppusamy Venkatesh Narasingam. "Exploring knowledge sharing in the Requirement Engineering phase of globally distributed Information Systems development : Perceived challenges and suggestions for improvement." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för informatik (IK), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-54559.
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The Master thesis explores the knowledge sharing that takes place during the requirement engineering phase of globally distributed information systems development. In recent years, due to globalization, information systems development activities have become increasingly distributed across different geographical locations. Requirement engineering is an important and knowledge intensive phase in the development of information systems. Requirement engineering is the process of identifying, analyzing, documenting, validating and managing the requirements of a system. Effective and efficient knowledge sharing during the requirement engineering is vital for the successful development of information systems. However, the global distribution of the stakeholders has affected knowledge sharing during requirement engineering in various ways making it more challenging. Drawing on the theories of knowledge sharing within the field of information systems, this interpretive research study aims at exploring stakeholders’ perceptions about the challenges met during the knowledge sharing in requirement engineering phase of globally distributed information systems development projects. More specifically, this Master thesis explores the perceived challenges and generates a list of suggestions to overcome the challenges by conducting qualitative semi-structured interviews among the key stakeholders, both customers and business analysts. The findings indicate that the knowledge sharing is influenced by challenges such as cultural differences, language barriers, communication issues, coordination issues arising from multiple stakeholders, time difference and difficulty in sharing tacit knowledge in the globally distributed settings. Participants’ suggestions for overcoming these challenges include cultural trainings, kick off meetings, language trainings, use of translator, face-to-face communication and interaction, video conferencing, scheduling important meetings in the common suitable timings, identification of the main stakeholders, having a mediator and making close observations with face-to-face interactions. Keywords: Information Systems, Information Systems Development, Requirement Engineering, Knowledge Sharing, Global Distribution, Outsourcing
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Aldabbas, Hamza. "Securing data dissemination in vehicular ad hoc networks." Thesis, De Montfort University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/7987.
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Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) are a subclass of mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) in which the mobile nodes are vehicles; these vehicles are autonomous systems connected by wireless communication on a peer-to-peer basis. They are self-organized, self-configured and self-controlled infrastructure-less networks. This kind of network has the advantage of being able to be set-up and deployed anywhere and anytime because it has no infrastructure set-up and no central administration. Distributing information between these vehicles over long ranges in such networks, however, is a very challenging task, since sharing information always has a risk attached to it especially when the information is confidential. The disclosure of such information to anyone else other than the intended parties could be extremely damaging, particularly in military applications where controlling the dissemination of messages is essential. This thesis therefore provides a review of the issue of security in VANET and MANET; it also surveys existing solutions for dissemination control. It highlights a particular area not adequately addressed until now: controlling information flow in VANETs. This thesis contributes a policy-based framework to control the dissemination of messages communicated between nodes in order to ensure that message remains confidential not only during transmission, but also after it has been communicated to another peer, and to keep the message contents private to an originator-defined subset of nodes in the VANET. This thesis presents a novel framework to control data dissemination in vehicle ad hoc networks in which policies are attached to messages as they are sent between peers. This is done by automatically attaching policies along with messages to specify how the information can be used by the receiver, so as to prevent disclosure of the messages other than consistent with the requirements of the originator. These requirements are represented as a set of policy rules that explicitly instructs recipients how the information contained in messages can be disseminated to other nodes in order to avoid unintended disclosure. This thesis describes the data dissemination policy language used in this work; and further describes the policy rules in order to be a suitable and understandable language for the framework to ensure the confidentiality requirement of the originator. This thesis also contributes a policy conflict resolution that allows the originator to be asked for up-to-date policies and preferences. The framework was evaluated using the Network Simulator (NS-2) to provide and check whether the privacy and confidentiality of the originators’ messages were met. A policy-based agent protocol and a new packet structure were implemented in this work to manage and enforce the policies attached to packets at every node in the VANET. Some case studies are presented in this thesis to show how data dissemination can be controlled based on the policy of the originator. The results of these case studies show the feasibility of our research to control the data dissemination between nodes in VANETs. NS-2 is also used to test the performance of the proposed policy-based agent protocol and demonstrate its effectiveness using various network performance metrics (average delay and overhead).
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Chen, I.-Chun, and 陳怡君. "A Study on Global Requirements of Energy Efficiency Applied to Notebook Computers." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/12528355244343457919.
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