Relevant bibliographies by topics / Global sea water fluctuation

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Global sea water fluctuation'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 2 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Global sea water fluctuation"

1

Tac, Vu Van. "Variability of sea surface chlorophyll_a concentration in the South Vietnam coastal waters related to enso phenomenon." VIETNAM JOURNAL OF EARTH SCIENCES 42, no. 1 (January 15, 2020): 67–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/0866-7187/42/1/14759.

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This paper focuses on analyzing the monthly averaged sea surface chlorophyll_a concentration data for 16 years (Jul. 2002 ÷ Sep. 2018), a remote sensing data product of the US National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US NASA), the analyzed results have shown that each occurrence of ENSO phenomenon greatly affects the fluctuation of chlorophyll_a concentration in the South Vietnam‘s coastal waters (SVNC). The monthly averaged chlorophyll_a concentration varies from 0.5 [mg/m3] to 1.1 [mg/m3] (equivalent to 22.4% ÷ 49.3%), while the monthly averaged fluctuation of chlorophyll_a concentration between months is only 0.22 [mg/m3] (equivalent to 9.88%). These fluctuations have a great impact on nutritional resources as well as water quality because chlorophyll_a is a pigment in plankton, which is a criterion to assess the "rich or poor" of nutrition source in seawater. The results of this study are considered as a "small piece" in the overall picture of the impact of ENSO phenomenon on global climate change.
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Bunzel, Dorothea, Gerhard Schmiedl, Sebastian Lindhorst, Andreas Mackensen, Jesús Reolid, Sarah Romahn, and Christian Betzler. "A multi-proxy analysis of Late Quaternary ocean and climate variability for the Maldives, Inner Sea." Climate of the Past 13, no. 12 (December 13, 2017): 1791–813. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-1791-2017.

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Abstract. As a natural sediment trap, the marine sediments of the sheltered central part of the Maldives Inner Sea represent an exceptional archive for paleoenvironmental and climate changes in the equatorial Indian Ocean. To evaluate the complex interplay between high-latitude and monsoonal climate variability, related dust fluxes, and regional oceanographic responses, we focused on Fe ∕ Al, Ti ∕ Al and Si ∕ Ca ratios as proxies for terrigenous sediment delivery and total organic carbon (TOC) and Br XRF counts as proxies for marine productivity. Benthic foraminiferal fauna distributions, grain size and stable δ18O and δ13C data were used for evaluating changes in the benthic ecosystem and changes in the intermediate water circulation, bottom water current velocity and oxygenation. Our multi-proxy data record reveals an enhanced dust supply during the glacial intervals, causing elevated Fe ∕ Al and Si ∕ Ca ratios, an overall coarsening of the sediment and an increasing amount of agglutinated benthic foraminifera. The enhanced dust fluxes can be attributed to higher dust availability in the Asian desert and loess areas and its transport by intensified winter monsoon winds during glacial conditions. These combined effects of wind-induced mixing of surface waters and dust fertilization during the cold phases resulted in an increased surface water productivity and related organic carbon fluxes. Thus, the development of highly diverse benthic foraminiferal faunas with certain detritus and suspension feeders was fostered. The difference in the δ13C signal between epifaunal and deep infaunal benthic foraminifera reveals intermediate water oxygen concentrations between approximately 40 and 100 µmol kg−1 during this time. The precessional fluctuation pattern of oxygen changes resembles that from the deep Arabian Sea, suggesting an expansion of the oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) from the Arabian Sea into the tropical Indian Ocean with a probable regional signal of strengthened winter-monsoon-induced organic matter fluxes and oxygen consumption further controlled by the varying inflow intensity of the Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW). In addition, the bottom water oxygenation pattern of the Maldives Inner Sea reveals a long phase of reduced ventilation during the last glacial period. This process is likely linked to the combined effects of generally enhanced oxygen consumption rates during high-productivity phases, reduced AAIW production and the restriction of upper bathyal environments in the Inner Sea during sea-level lowstands. Thus, our multi-proxy record reflects a close linkage between the Indian monsoon oscillation, intermediate water circulation, productivity and sea-level changes on orbital timescale.
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Zhu, Jinfang, Jingtao Liu, Zhaohua Lu, Junsheng Li, and Jingkuan Sun. "Water-use strategies of coexisting shrub species in the Yellow River Delta, China." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 48, no. 9 (September 2018): 1099–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2018-0063.

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In coastal ecosystems, water availability is limited because of the high soil salinity influenced by sea water intrusion, high soil noncapillary porosity, and significant seasonal fluctuation of precipitation. Therefore, water availability is a key determinant of plant growth and distribution in coastal ecosystems. Tamarix chinensis Lour. and Ziziphus jujuba var. spinosa Hu are two coexisting shrub species growing on Chenier Island in the Yellow River Delta (YRD), China. Our aim was to investigate how the water-use strategies of the two species respond to variations in soil moisture to improve understand of their adaptations to drought stress and their coexistence mechanism. During the growing season, the oxygen stable isotope signatures (δ18O) were measured for soil water in different soil depths (0–20, 20–40, 40–60, and 60–100 cm), shallow groundwater, and xylem water. The proportional contributions of potential water sources for the two species were calculated by using the IsoSource mixing model. The results showed that the δ18O values of the two species showed a clear seasonal difference. When soil moisture was high and air temperature was low, T. chinensis mainly used water from soil depths of 60–100 cm, while Z. jujuba mainly used water from soil depths of 0–40 cm. When soil moisture was low or air temperature was high, T. chinensis mainly used the saline shallow groundwater, while Z. jujuba mainly used water from soil depths of 20–100 cm. When there was a large amount of precipitation, both T. chinensis and Z. jujuba mainly absorbed water from soil depths of 20–40 cm. Tamarix chinensis and Z. jujuba had different water-use patterns during the growing season, which reflected their adaptations to seasonal fluctuations in soil water content within a water-limited coastal ecosystem, while the niche differentiation in water use of the two species clarifies their coexistence mechanism.
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Wang, Xingdong, and Zhankai Wu. "Temporal and spatial variations of the Arctic sea ice (1997–2016)." Journal of Water and Climate Change 9, no. 2 (March 21, 2018): 347–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2018.053.

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Abstract Based on the SSM/I data from 1997 to 2016, the temporal and spatial variations of Arctic sea ice are studied from sea ice areas, sea ice margin zone and sea ice concentration. The results show that the sea ice areas for 20 years (1997–2016) are reduced at a speed of 0.0594 × 106 km2 per year, and the sea ice margin zone is reduced at a speed of 0.03 × 106 km2. From 1997 to 2006, the sea ice areas and margin zone show the same downward trend, which decreased by 0.062 × 106 km2 and 0.064 × 106 km2 per year, respectively. From 2007 to 2016, the sea ice areas and margin zone show an obvious fluctuation, which decreased by 0.027 × 106 km2 and 0.019 × 106 km2 per year, respectively. In the first ten years, the sea ice concentration (90–100%) is about 40%, and it is only about 20% in the second ten years, and the decrease is particularly obvious.
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Berben, S. M. P., K. Husum, P. Cabedo-Sanz, and S. T. Belt. "Holocene sub-centennial evolution of Atlantic water inflow and sea ice distribution in the western Barents Sea." Climate of the Past 10, no. 1 (January 23, 2014): 181–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-181-2014.

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Abstract. A marine sediment core (JM09-KA11-GC) from the Kveithola Trough at the western Barents Sea margin has been investigated in order to reconstruct sub-surface temperatures and sea ice distribution at a sub-centennial resolution throughout the Holocene. The relationship between past variability of Atlantic water inflow and sea ice distribution has been established by measurement of planktic foraminifera, stable isotopes and biomarkers from sea ice diatoms and phytoplankton. Throughout the early Holocene (11 900–7300 cal yr BP), the foraminiferal fauna is dominated by the polar species Neogloboquadrina pachyderma (sinistral) and the biomarkers show an influence of seasonal sea ice. Between 10 900 and 10 700 cal yr BP, a clear cooling is shown both by fauna and stable isotope data corresponding to the so-called Preboreal Oscillation. After 7300 cal yr BP, the sub-polar Turborotalita quinqueloba becomes the most frequent species, reflecting a stable Atlantic water inflow. Sub-surface temperatures reach 6 °C and biomarker data indicate mainly ice-free conditions. During the last 1100 cal yr BP, biomarker abundances and distributions show the reappearance of low-frequency seasonal sea ice and the planktic fauna show a reduced salinity in the sub-surface water. No apparent temperature decrease is observed during this interval, but the rapidly fluctuating fauna and biomarker distributions indicate more unstable conditions.
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Thibault, N., R. Harlou, N. H. Schovsbo, L. Stemmerik, and F. Surlyk. "Late Cretaceous (Late Campanian–Maastrichtian) sea surface temperature record of the Boreal Chalk Sea." Climate of the Past Discussions 11, no. 6 (November 3, 2015): 5049–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cpd-11-5049-2015.

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Abstract. The last 8 Myr of the Cretaceous greenhouse interval were characterized by a progressive global cooling with superimposed cool/warm fluctuations. The mechanisms responsible for these climatic fluctuations remain a source of debate that can only be resolved through multi-disciplinary studies and better time constraints. For the first time, we present a record of very high-resolution (ca. 4.5 kyr) sea-surface temperature (SST) changes from the Boreal epicontinental Chalk Sea (Stevns-1 core, Denmark), tied to an astronomical time scale of the late Campanian–Maastrichtian (74 to 66 Myr). Well-preserved bulk stable isotope trends and calcareous nannofossil palaeoecological patterns from the fully cored Stevns-1 borehole show marked changes in SSTs. These variations correlate with deep-water records of climate change from the tropical South Atlantic and Pacific oceans but differ greatly from the climate variations of the North Atlantic. We demonstrate that the onset and end of the early Maastrichtian cooling and of the large negative Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary carbon isotope excursion are coincident in the Chalk Sea. The direct link between SSTs and δ13C variations in the Chalk Sea reassesses long-term glacio-eustasy as the potential driver of carbon isotope and climatic variations in the Maastrichtian.
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Thibault, Nicolas, Rikke Harlou, Niels H. Schovsbo, Lars Stemmerik, and Finn Surlyk. "Late Cretaceous (late Campanian–Maastrichtian) sea-surface temperature record of the Boreal Chalk Sea." Climate of the Past 12, no. 2 (February 24, 2016): 429–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-429-2016.

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Abstract. The last 8 Myr of the Cretaceous greenhouse interval were characterized by a progressive global cooling with superimposed cool/warm fluctuations. The mechanisms responsible for these climatic fluctuations remain a source of debate that can only be resolved through multi-disciplinary studies and better time constraints. For the first time, we present a record of very high-resolution (ca. 4.5 kyr) sea-surface temperature (SST) changes from the Boreal epicontinental Chalk Sea (Stevns-1 core, Denmark), tied to an astronomical timescale of the late Campanian–Maastrichtian (74 to 66 Ma). Well-preserved bulk stable isotope trends and calcareous nannofossil palaeoecological patterns from the fully cored Stevns-1 borehole show marked changes in SSTs. These variations correlate with deep-water records of climate change from the tropical South Atlantic and Pacific oceans but differ greatly from the climate variations of the North Atlantic. We demonstrate that the onset and end of the early Maastrichtian cooling and of the large negative Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary carbon isotope excursion are coincident in the Chalk Sea. The direct link between SSTs and δ13C variations in the Chalk Sea reassesses long-term glacio-eustasy as the potential driver of carbon isotope and climatic variations in the Maastrichtian.
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Kazanskiy, A. B. "A Hypothesis for the Sawlike Pattern of World Sea-Level Fluctuations." Quaternary Research 24, no. 3 (November 1985): 285–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(85)90051-1.

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A theory of the world's sea-level fluctuations during late Pleistocene time, based on the analysis of the general equation of the mass balance between ocean water and inland water, suggests that the exchange of water masses between the ocean and the land, where at continental glaciation periods water is stored as ice, occurs only as a result of global climatic changes. The tectonic effect is considered insignificant for late Pleistocene time. The proposed theory explains the asymmetric character and the sawlike shape of the curve of the main cycles of sea-level fluctuations. The theory also makes it possible to construct a diagram of sea-level fluctuations from the last glacial maximum to the present time. This diagram is governed by two parameters, the amount of the average “effective” evaporation from the world's ocean surface (evaporation minus rainfall) and the rate of the sea-level rise at the present time. The resulting theoretical curve agrees well with known estimates of sea level within the time span being considered. The comparison of the theoretical curve with these estimates eliminates the apparent discrepancy between data obtained by different methods: measurements of old coastline and the isotopic composition of bottom sediments.
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Wagreich, M., M. Hart, B. Sames, and I. O. Yilmaz. "About this title - Cretaceous Climate Events and Short-Term Sea-Level Changes." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 498, no. 1 (2020): NP. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/sp498.

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Sea-level constitutes a critical planetary boundary for both geological processes and human life. Sea-level fluctuations during major greenhouse phases are still enigmatic and widely discussed in terms of changing climate systems. The geological record of the Cretaceous greenhouse period provides a deep-time view on greenhouse-phase Earth system processes that facilitates a much better understanding of the causes and consequences of global, geologically short-term, sea-level changes. In particular, Cretaceous hothouse periods can serve as a laboratory to better understand a near-future greenhouse Earth. This volume presents high-resolution sea-level records from globally distributed sedimentary archives of the Cretaceous involving a large group of scientists from the International Geoscience Programme IGCP 609. Marine to non-marine sedimentary successions were analysed for revised age constraints, the correlation of global palaeoclimate shifts and sea-level changes, tested for climate-driven cyclicities, and correlated within a high-resolution stratigraphic framework of the Geological Timescale. For hothouse periods, the hypothesis of significant global groundwater-related sea-level change, i.e. aquifer-eustasy as a major process, is reviewed and substantiated.
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Berben, S. M. P., K. Husum, P. Cabedo-Sanz, and S. T. Belt. "Holocene sub centennial evolution of Atlantic water inflow and sea ice distribution in the western Barents Sea." Climate of the Past Discussions 9, no. 4 (August 22, 2013): 4893–938. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cpd-9-4893-2013.

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Abstract. In order to elucidate a continuous Holocene high resolution record of past variability of Atlantic water inflow and sea ice distribution, we investigate in this study a marine sediment core (JM09-KA11-GC) from the Kveithola Trough, western Barents Sea margin which is influenced by the north flowing North Atlantic Current (NAC). The depth-age model for JM09-KA11-GC was constructed from 9 14C AMS dates and shows sediment accumulation rates from 0.04 to 0.67 mm yr−1, enabling a sub centennial resolution for most of the core. Planktic foraminifera, stable isotopes and biomarkers from sea ice diatoms and phytoplankton were analysed in order to reconstruct subsurface temperatures and sea ice distribution. Throughout the early part of the Holocene (11 900–6900 cal yr BP), the foraminiferal fauna is dominated by the polar Neogloboquadrina pachyderma (sinistral) and the biomarkers show an influence of seasonal sea ice. Between 11 300 and 11 100 cal yr BP, a clear cooling is shown both by fauna and stable isotope data corresponding to the so-called Preboreal Oscillation. After 6900 cal yr BP the subpolar Turborotalita quinqueloba becomes the most frequent species, reflecting a stable Atlantic water inflow. Subsurface temperatures reach 6 °C and biomarker content indicates open water with mainly ice-free conditions. During the last 1100 cal yr BP, biomarker abundances and distributions show the re-appearance of low frequency seasonal sea ice and the planktic fauna show a reduced salinity in the subsurface water. No apparent temperature decrease is observed during this interval, but the rapidly fluctuating fauna and biomarker distributions indicate more unstable conditions.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Global sea water fluctuation"

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Liu, Chao. "Variations of Global Ocean Salinity from Multiple Gridded Argo Products." Scholar Commons, 2019. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7848.

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Salinity is one of the fundamental ocean state variables. Variations of ocean salinity can be used to infer changes in the global water cycle and air-sea freshwater exchange. Many institutions have developed gridded Argo products of global coverage. However, the existing gridded salinity products have not yet been dedicatedly intercompare and assessed. In this study, the mean state, annual and interannual variabilities, and decadal changes of ocean salinity from five Argo-based gridded salinity products, available from UK Met Office, JAMSTEC, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, China Second Institute of Oceanography, and International Pacific Research Center, are examined and compared for their overlapping period of 2005-2015 within two depth intervals (0-700 m and 700-2000 m), as well as the sea surface. Though some global and regional features are relatively reproducible, obvious discrepancies are found particularly for the deeper layer. These discrepancies are not apparent on the 11-year climatological mean or the trend patterns, but are readily evident on temporal variations. For instance, the potentially undersampled current systems in the North Atlantic and Southern Ocean are one of the main reasons for the observed discrepancies. The gridded products from Scripps, JAMSTEC and Met Office show large deviation from the ensemble mean, particularly in regions like the Atlantic Ocean and the tropical Pacific. Large disagreements are found in the first and final years, which can lead to different estimates on decadal trends. This study can serve as a useful reference on how to utilize and improve the existing gridded salinity products.
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Harding, Rachel. "Evolution of the giant southern North Sea shelf-prism : testing sequence stratigraphic concepts and the global sea level curve with full-three dimensional control." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/evolution-of-the-giant-southern-north-sea-shelfprism-testing-sequence-stratigraphic-concepts-and-the-global-sea-level-curve-with-fullthree-dimensional-control(e2837da3-6d8b-4e07-b9a0-0af836e8ee71).html.

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This thesis investigates the utility of sequence stratigraphy on a regional scale and the control of eustacy on basin infill in unprecedented detail. To achieve this, the thesis utilises a wealth of data, including a continuous 3D seismic MegaSurvey dataset covering 55,000 sq. km, combined with state of the art seismic interpretation software to interpret the basin infill of the Late Cenozoic southern North Sea. The prograding shelf-prism clinoforms of the Late Cenozoic are calibrated to high density borehole penetrations, high resolution chronostratigraphy and climate proxies. The chronostratigraphic control enables a correlation of geomorphology, seismic architectures and seismic facies with full 3D control to the global sea level curve, which enables an evaluation of the impact of eustatic change on sequence development. The control of eustacy and the limitations of sequence stratigraphy are highlighted by: 1) Investigating the regional expression of chronostratigraphically calibrated seismic units, which are linked to the global sea level curve. This was carried out by mapping across the region, the dominance of oblique or sigmoidal clinoform types and seismic features such as iceberg scours, terrestrial channels and submarine fans in order to evaluate the lateral variation of depositional systems and accommodation. 2) Investigating sediment partitioning basinwards of the shelf edge and how deposition basinwards can be predicted via observations of seismic facies and architecture. This was achieved by focusing on specific seismic architectures of forced regressive slope clinoforms and deep water sedimentary systems and the link updip to the shelf within the highly constrained chronostratigraphic framework. The thesis results suggest that sequence stratigraphic models do not represent lateral variation well or integrate other allocyclic forcings on sequence development. A holistic and observation based approach to understanding basin infill and recognising the importance of sediment supply, pre-existing geomorphology, process type of the feeder system, differential subsidence, as well as eustacy, is imperative.
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Mikulcová, Lucia. "Tuvalu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta architektury, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-215661.

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How many inhabitans do have your city? Tuvalu has 12.000 and that´s not a city. It´s a country. Nine islands in south Pacific nearly date line. On first sight You may say, it´s a paradise. Air has always about 30°, sand is white, sky is blue and the sea is full of fish. On shore grows coconuts and on the sea-floor grows beautiful corals. But second lowest country in the Word cannot be a paradise. The land is missing in huge Pacific. Inhabitans don´t have money neither for build another Venice nor dubai´s palm. Global warming a sea level rise is dangerous for milions people of our planet. Maldives, Banghlades, Holland, south of USA… Many of you can have a question: „Why then Tuvalu?“ Few tausends people can move to Australia and finish. And Maldives have worse position, land has less meters over sea level, people is more… ten times. But 12.000… it´s so enough – for specimen. It´s enough people to get for them money and spend it for saving thein land, for trying some science theories. If cannot save these 12.000, you cannot save the others. They have many renewable resourcies: the wind is blowing, the sun is shining, the water is flowing. In this time they are maybe not energy-independent, but they plan to be in 2020. Energy is that wonderfull power, which can save them. Did you know, that if you set low electric energy going in iron element under sea level (which cannot harm sea life and people), at the surface is formed a layer of sediments called „biorock“?- rock, which can you use for building. The project will save only one atoll: Funafuti. It´s enough large for all contemporary and future inhabitans to living. Project is planned to year 2200 and calculated for 24.000 inhabitans. Untilll then sea level rise will grow about one meter above. On atoll Funafuti will rise eight villages with max. 3.000 inhabitans. Every village will have by average equipment (grocery, school, doctor, church) advanced nation-wide important functions (airport, hospital, parliament, university..). On biorock layer stored up in the sea by atoll Funafuti will rise shelf, where people can build stilt houses, how they did houndreds years before European arrival. Or they can live in houseboats. Between houses they wil build jetty road for light engine vehicles and bridge-like paths for pedestrians. They will meet on squares and over their heads will bloom tropical plant in colourfull steeltubes made for it. On the dry land, which is very small, will grow coconut and pandanus. This land will be under heritage, park for everyone to come end enjoy. Part of this project is a floating church. Its building represents all ideas, that Project Tuvalu has: building on water, energy-independent, offer an shelter, shade and place for meeting of people. White facade made from textile membrane reminds white sails of ships, that crossed oceans before 200 years. With these ships came Chrisitanity, that is deeply rooted in this land. Bamboo construction with steel cables will reminds to people Crown of Thorns and martyrium of Christ, but also average problem hat must people meet in their lives. This project is pure utopic and doesn´t have ambition to get real. Its aim is to make visible problem of global warming in this sight and create a discussion: what next?
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Hannerz, Fredrik. "Making water information relevant on local to global scale : the role of information systems for integrated water management /." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Department of Physical Geography and Quaternary Geology, Stockholm university, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-7431.

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Scholz, Patrick [Verfasser], Gerrit [Akademischer Betreuer] Lohmann, and Monika [Akademischer Betreuer] Rhein. "A global Finite-Element Sea-Ice ocean model focussed on deep water formation areas: Variability of North Atlantic deep water formation and interannual to decadal climate modes / Patrick Scholz. Gutachter: Gerrit Lohmann ; Monika Rhein. Betreuer: Gerrit Lohmann." Bremen : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Bremen, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1072045907/34.

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Cheng, Kai-chien. "Analysis of water level measurements using GPS." Connect to resource, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1127151397.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2005.
Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xvi, 180 p.; also includes graphics (some col.). Includes bibliographical references (p. 168-180). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center
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Söderström, Maria. "Local and global contaminants in Swedish waters : studies on PCBs, DDTs, 4,5,6-trichloroguaiacol and their transformation products in fish and sediments." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för miljökemi, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-104291.

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This thesis is focused on studies on the environmental fate and methodological improvements for determination of the global contaminants, PCBs and DDTs, and locally discharged phenolics, e.g. 4,5,6-trichloroguaiacol (4,5,6-TCG), and their transformation products. 4,5,6-TCG is released from bleached pulp mills, and was chosen as a model substance, to study its fate and effects in aquatic environments. In a brackish water model ecosystem, 4,5,6-TCG was shown to be transformed via demethylation, dechlorination, and methylation reactions. Marine periphyton exposed to 4,5,6-TCG was shown to form demethylated, brominated and dimeric metabolites. Several of these metabolites were identified and quantified. Also more tightly bound chlorophenolics were recovered from the substrate, after harsh extraction procedures had been applied. Conjugates of chlorophenols in fish bile were determined as useful tracers for monitoring effluents from bleached pulp mills, even in areas far from the discharge point. To facilitate calculations of water concentrations, bile to water bioconcentration factors (bBCF-values) were determined for several phenolics, including also alkali-labile chlorocatechols. PCBs and DDTs, were assessed in Swedish lakes with background exposure of these global contaminants. A methodological study focus on the contamination risks of airborne PCBs, during freeze-drying and storage of dry sediment samples. Eutrophication has been proposed to cause lower levels of pollutants in biota in lakes due to biomass dilution but in this thesis examples of higher levels of PCBs in sediment traps, sediment and in perch, and also in higher fluxes of PCBs to the sediment, were observed. Phytoplankton are supposed to be responsible for most of the transport of the contaminants. The composition of DDTs in soil, sediment traps and in dated sediment cores was studied in some detail. PCBs, DDTs, HCB and HCHs were measured in sediments from 100 reference lakes included in the National Swedish Environmental Program. The lakes have a large variation in lake characteristics, representative for different areas in Sweden. A gradient was observed for sPCB with decreasing levels from the south west towards the north. The results suggests that longrange transport is the dominating mechanism for distribution of the contaminants analysed. In this study the levles of PCBs and DDTs were lower in eutrophic lakes than in oligotrophic lakes, in an area with similar atmospheric exposure.

At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 4: Submitted. Paper 6: Manuscript.

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Dvořák, Tomáš. "Fylogeografie a populační struktura dvou druhů mřenkovitých ryb (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae) z jihovýchodní Asie." Master's thesis, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-388270.

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The freshwater fish species Schistura robertsi and Paracanthocobitis zonalternans belong to the family Nemacheilidae, which is distributed across whole Eurasia and with one species in northeast Africa. P. zonalternans occurs in lowland habitats through western Southeast Asia from Central Myanmar until northern Malaysia. The distribution area is of biogeographic interest, because it crosses several known biogeographic barriers, namely the border between Indian and Indochinese freshwater fauna along the Salween River, the Isthmus of Kra, the Krabi - Surat Thani line and the Kangar - Pattani line. In the present study, around 250 specimens of P. zonalternans from 62 localities across the whole distribution area were investigated using genetic (nuclear and mitochondrial sequences), morphologic and geologic data. The genetic data reveal the existence of seven major clades within the analysed material, each of them with a distinct geographic distribution area and only few cases of overlap, but with occurrence of some cases of secondary contact. Divergence time estimations suggested that P. zonalternans is about 18 my old, and a biogeographic analysis located the region of origin in the Tenasserim region (nowadays southern Myanmar). The global sea level fluctuations seem to have had a strong impact on the...
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Yen-Li, Liu, and 劉妍莉. "Planktonic community respiration in the southern East China Sea: Spatial and temporal fluctuation in different water masses." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/22690213045721772660.

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碩士
國立臺灣師範大學
生命科學研究所
94
Abstract The objectives of this thesis are to understand the spatial and temporal variations of planktonic community respiration (i.e., PCR) in the southern East China Sea (ECS) and to explore the potential factors that impact on PCR. Samples were collected on board R/V Ocean Researcher II during Sept., 2003 to Aug., 2004 along the transect stations from the China coast to continental margin in the southern ECS. Results showed that PCR were in the range of 6.28 ~ 281.14 mg C m-3 d-1 with the averaged rate of 57.88 ± 50.3 mg C m-3 d-1. Spatially, the highest PCR was observed at stations in the China coastal waters (CCW; average value = 87.03 ± 42.13 mg C m-3 d-1), and the lowest rate was found in the Kuroshio waters (i.e., KW) with the averaged value of 34.34 ± 15.91 mg C m-3 d-1. The higher PCR in CCW than in KW might be contributed to higher values of chlorophyll a (Chl a) concentration and bacterial production (BP) in the CCW. Seasonally, the highest PCR was found in spring (78.91 ± 67.89 mg C m-3 d-1), and the lowest rate was observed in winter (29.4 ± 17.4 mg C m-3 d-1). This pattern might be resulted from seasonal differences in bacterial biomass, BP and Chl a concentration. Results were further used to explore the potential factors that regulated on seasonal variation in different water masses along the transect including CCW, Taiwan strait waters (TW), and KW. The PCR was mostly attributed by phytoplankton in the CCW. In the TW, the PCR was mostly contributed by bacterioplankton and phytoplankton.
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Books on the topic "Global sea water fluctuation"

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Mellen, R. H. Global model for sound absorption in sea water. Newport, R.I: Naval Underwater Systems Center, 1987.

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Berlatsky, Noah. Water and ice. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2010.

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Global and regional climate interaction: The Caspian Sea experience. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic, 1994.

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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Energy and Natural Resources. Sea level rise: Hearing before the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, United States Senate, One Hundred Twelfth Congress, second session, to receive testimony on the impacts of sea level rise on domestic energy and water infrastructure, April 19, 2012. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2012.

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International Meeting "Cities on Water". (1st 1989 Venice, Italy). Impact of sea level rise on cities and regions: Proceedings of the First International Meeting "Cities on Water", Venice, December 11-13, 1989. Venice: Marsilio Editori, 1991.

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Wahyudi, S. Imam. Polder system development model for handling of sea water level rising caused by global warming: Research report first year, overseas research collaboration and international publication. Semarang]: Universitas Islam Sultan Agung, 2010.

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Wahyudi, S. Imam. Polder system development model for handling of sea water level rising caused by global warming: Research report first year, overseas research collaboration and international publication. Semarang]: Universitas Islam Sultan Agung, 2010.

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Lurcock, Pontus, and Fabio Florindo. Antarctic Climate History and Global Climate Changes. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190676889.013.18.

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Antarctic climate changes have been reconstructed from ice and sediment cores and numerical models (which also predict future changes). Major ice sheets first appeared 34 million years ago (Ma) and fluctuated throughout the Oligocene, with an overall cooling trend. Ice volume more than doubled at the Oligocene-Miocene boundary. Fluctuating Miocene temperatures peaked at 17–14 Ma, followed by dramatic cooling. Cooling continued through the Pliocene and Pleistocene, with another major glacial expansion at 3–2 Ma. Several interacting drivers control Antarctic climate. On timescales of 10,000–100,000 years, insolation varies with orbital cycles, causing periodic climate variations. Opening of Southern Ocean gateways produced a circumpolar current that thermally isolated Antarctica. Declining atmospheric CO2 triggered Cenozoic glaciation. Antarctic glaciations affect global climate by lowering sea level, intensifying atmospheric circulation, and increasing planetary albedo. Ice sheets interact with ocean water, forming water masses that play a key role in global ocean circulation.
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Lurcock, Pontus, and Fabio Florindo. Antarctic Climate History and Global Climate Changes. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190699420.013.18.

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Antarctic climate changes have been reconstructed from ice and sediment cores and numerical models (which also predict future changes). Major ice sheets first appeared 34 million years ago (Ma) and fluctuated throughout the Oligocene, with an overall cooling trend. Ice volume more than doubled at the Oligocene-Miocene boundary. Fluctuating Miocene temperatures peaked at 17–14 Ma, followed by dramatic cooling. Cooling continued through the Pliocene and Pleistocene, with another major glacial expansion at 3–2 Ma. Several interacting drivers control Antarctic climate. On timescales of 10,000–100,000 years, insolation varies with orbital cycles, causing periodic climate variations. Opening of Southern Ocean gateways produced a circumpolar current that thermally isolated Antarctica. Declining atmospheric CO2 triggered Cenozoic glaciation. Antarctic glaciations affect global climate by lowering sea level, intensifying atmospheric circulation, and increasing planetary albedo. Ice sheets interact with ocean water, forming water masses that play a key role in global ocean circulation.
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The World Market for Common Salt, Rock Salt, Sea Salt, Sea Water, and Pure Sodium Chloride: A 2004 Global Trade Perspective. Icon Group International, Inc., 2005.

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Book chapters on the topic "Global sea water fluctuation"

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Markel, Doron, Jitzchak Alster, and Michael Beyth. "The Red Sea–Dead Sea Conveyance Feasibility Study, 2008–2012." In Global Issues in Water Policy, 181–91. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5911-4_12.

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Dukhovny, V. A., A. I. Tuchin, A. G. Sorokin, I. Ruziev, and G. V. Stulina. "Future of the Aral Sea and the Aral Sea Coast." In Threats to Global Water Security, 377–80. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2344-5_44.

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Fairbridge, Rhodes W. "Water Deficiency Versus Water Excess: Global Management Potential." In Greenhouse Effect, Sea Level and Drought, 185–97. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0701-0_11.

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Kamalov, Y. "The Aral Sea: A Matter of Mutual Trust." In Threats to Global Water Security, 367–69. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2344-5_42.

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Erickson, David J., and Jose L. Hernandez. "A Global, High Resolution, Satellite-Based Model of Air-Sea Isoprene Flux." In Gas Transfer at Water Surfaces, 333–41. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/gm127p0333.

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Pfirman, S. L., D. Bauch, and T. Gammelsrød. "The Northern Barents Sea: Water Mass Distribution and Modification." In The Polar Oceans and Their Role in Shaping the Global Environment, 77–94. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/gm085p0077.

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Schnitker, Detmar. "Deep-Sea Benthic Foraminifers: Food and Bottom Water Masses." In Carbon Cycling in the Glacial Ocean: Constraints on the Ocean’s Role in Global Change, 539–54. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-78737-9_23.

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Neumann, Andreas, Harald Krawczyk, and Stefan Riha. "Remote Sensing of Coastal Water Quality in the Baltic Sea Using MERIS." In Advances in Earth Observation of Global Change, 55–67. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9085-0_5.

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Sprovieri, Francesca, Nicola Pirrone, Robert P. Mason, and Maria Andersson. "Spatial coverage and temporal trends of over-water, air-surface exchange, surface and deep sea water mercury measurements." In Mercury Fate and Transport in the Global Atmosphere, 323–80. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-93958-2_11.

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Karimov, B. K., M. Matthies, and B. G. Kamilov. "Unconventional Water Resources of Agricultural Origin and Their Re-utilization Potential for Development of Desert Land Aquaculture in the Aral Sea Basin." In The Global Water System in the Anthropocene, 143–59. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-07548-8_10.

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Conference papers on the topic "Global sea water fluctuation"

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Zhang, Ri-Kui, Feng Mao, Jie-Zhi Wu, Shi-Yi Chen, Yu-Lin Wu, and Shu-Hong Liu. "Analysis and Control of Part-Load Unsteady Flow in Francis Turbine’s Draft Tube." In ASME Turbo Expo 2007: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2007-27440.

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By using the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations, the complex unsteady vortical flow in the entire draft tube of a Francis turbine under a part-load condition, with severe low-frequency pressure fluctuation, is investigated numerically to gain an in-depth understanding of the physical characters of the flow including its stability and robustness, and thereby to seek effective control means to alleviate or even eliminate the strong pressure fluctuation. Our main findings are as follows: In the cone segment of the draft tube, the vortex rope is due to the global instability of the flow caused crucially by the reversed axial flow at the inlet. In the elbow segment of the draft tube, the reversed flow coexists side by side with a fluid channel that carries the mass flux downstream due to favorable axial pressure gradient. In the outlet segment of the draft tube, the mass-flux channel always goes through a fixed outlet, leaving the other two with nearly zero flux. The entire draft-tube flow, although undesired under part-load condition, forms a globally robust system. The principles for effectively controlling this complex flow are proposed. A simple water jet injection at the inlet is numerically proven successful.
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Holden, T., D. Sunil, E. Cheung, D. Cotten, D. Klarberg, G. Tremberger, Jr., T. Nasar, J. Taylor, P. Marchese, and T. Cheung. "Deep-water chlorophyll concentration global time series fluctuation." In SPIE Optical Engineering + Applications, edited by Robert J. Frouin. SPIE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.825807.

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Liu, Kun, Shihong Zhou, Jeffrey Simmen, Ellen S. Livingston, Ji-Xun Zhou, and Feng-Hua Li. "Sound Velocity Fluctuation due to Linear Internal Waves in North Yellow Sea." In SHALLOW-WATER ACOUSTICS: Proceedings of the Second International Shallow-Water Acoustics Conference (SWAC’09). AIP, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3493061.

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Koo, Sungmin, Sangki Jeong, Jungmin Seo, Yujae Song, Osoon Kwon, Yoon Chil Kim, and Seungjae Baek. "Sea-water Battery for Maritime Applications." In Global Oceans 2020: Singapore - U.S. Gulf Coast. IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ieeeconf38699.2020.9389130.

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Guan, Jiabao, Biao Chang, and Mustafa M. Aral. "Exploration for Impact of Radiative Forcing on Global Warming and Sea-Level Rise." In World Environmental And Water Resources Congress 2012. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784412312.185.

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Meng, Shuai, Hiroyuki Kajiwara, and Narakorn Srinil. "Combined FIV and VIV Effects on a Cantilevered Pipe Discharging Fluid in Deep Waters." In ASME 2015 34th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2015-41118.

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To avoid or mitigate global warming, several ocean carbon capture and storage concepts have been proposed. One of the recent approaches is to dispose carbon dioxide via a fixed vertical cantilevered pipe onto the seabed in deep waters. Due to a high aspect ratio and flexibility of such long pipe conveying fluid with fixed-free end conditions and external hydrodynamic loading caused by currents, the pipe may experience large-amplitude 3-D vibrations leading to structural failure. Hence, it is essential to understand and investigate the pipe nonlinear dynamic behaviors subject to combined flow-induced vibration (FIV) and vortex-induced vibration (VIV). In this study, the 3-D nonlinear equations of a cantilevered pipe discharging fluid in the sea are analyzed using a Galerkin-based multi modal approach combined with a finite difference Houbolt’s integration scheme. Particular attention is paid to the combined effects of FIV and VIV on the dynamic response of the cantilevered pipe in water. To model the fluctuating lift and drag forces associated with VIV, the two dimensional wake oscillators distributed along the pipe are adopted. Numerical simulations in the FIV case of a pipe discharging fluid in the air are first validated with experimental results in the literature to justify the mathematical models and numerical approaches. Modal convergence analysis is also performed. Results in the combined FIV and VIV cases are then highlighted in order to show the effects of cross-flow and in-line VIV when compared with the pure FIV case. The effects of geometric nonlinearities, the coupling/interaction of multi modes and the space-time modifications of pipe responses and trajectories are highlighted. It is hoped that the numerical observations and findings obtained from this study could be verified by experimental studies which are presently lacking in the literature.
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Singh, Manander, and Suhail Ahmad. "Bursting Capacity and Debonding of Ultra Deep Composite Production Riser: A Safety Assessment." In ASME 2014 33rd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2014-23872.

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Due to depleting sources of oil and gas reserves in shallow water depths, exploration and production activities have moved into ultra-deep offshore oil fields. Risers are an essential part of any offshore drilling facility. A riser tensioner located on the drilling platform has to provide an adequate vertical tension to maintain the stability of the riser. It is essential for a successful operation. Composite risers in deep sea conditions require much lower top vertical forces due to their high strength to weight ratio. Carbon/epoxy composite has been considered in the present study to carry out the burst analysis and to assess the safety of the composite riser under internal and external pressures and other environmental loads due to random sea currents. In order to ensure the permissible pressure and no fluid leakage, composite risers are provided with an internal steel liner. Initiation and propagation of debonding between the liner and composite has been studied and probability of failure is obtained. In burst analysis, maximum internal pressure is applied to a riser section and the stresses in all (hoop and longitudinal layers) the composite layers are checked against the failure. High pressures are incremented in small steps until fiber rupture occurs due to bursting. Maximum normal stress theory is employed for checking the failure. The same theory provides the limit-state to assess the safe pressure considering uncertainties associated with random input parameters involved. A finite element analysis has been carried out in ABAQUS/AQUA for random sea motion and fluctuating axial tension considering salient non-linearities. A small riser section modelled as a hybrid beam element (for global analysis) has been considered to study the bursting and debonding behavior. It is further discretized into thin shell elements (S4R). Steel liner and composite pipes are modeled separately and assembled together to ensure the overlapping various layers and sharing nodes. The composite body sustains the major stresses in the inner layers that diminish on moving outwards radially. An implicit time domain analysis has been carried out to obtain the response. The debonding through circumference and length are studied. The stresses obtained are compared with their ultimate strength.
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Arnulfi, Gianmario L., and Martino Marini. "Performance of a Water Compensated Compressed Air Energy Storage System." In ASME Turbo Expo 2008: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2008-50627.

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In a growing energy scenario, electric utility companies have to take into account new managing strategies. The increasing seasonal gap in energy demand, the penetration of stochastic sources (wind and sun) and of combined heat and power plants are making more and more difficult to schedule power production. Energy storage can balance supply and demand over different time scales, with technical and economical benefits. The two options for large size plants are pumped storage hydro and Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES). In the present paper, a CAES plant both with and without water compensation, is considered. The time window is an entire year as there is a remarkable difference between the seasons. Indeed in winter and summer the price fluctuation amplitude can be profitably exploited while between seasons are less suitable in a storage perspective because of the relative flatness of the daily price pattern. The adopted strategy is based on two price thresholds: below the former, a single charging step is carried out at night, above the latter, one or more steps of electricity production are carried out at peak hours. Finally, amid the thresholds, the plant works as a mere gas turbine or is shut off. Of course the mere GT working is available only if turbo compressor and expander are consistent and this affects the performance of each machine during charge or discharge phases. The shape of the daily price pattern strongly impacts on the cash flow. The proposed model is applied to the present Italian scenario as the energy market, taxes and services are concerned. The water compensated plant attains a storage density nearly twice higher than without compensation.
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Stukova, Z. "Evaluation of the water quality in the different regions of the Baltic Sea and the Curonian Lagoon of the Baltic Sea." In 2006 IEEE US/EU Baltic International Symposium on Integrated Ocean Observation Syst. for Managing Global & Regional Ecosys.Marine Resch. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/baltic.2006.7266189.

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Jones, Brian, Jong Guen Lee, Bryan D. Quay, Domenic A. Santavicca, Kwanwoo Kim, and Shiva Srinivasan. "Flame Response Mechanisms Due to Velocity Perturbations in a Lean Premixed Gas Turbine Combustor." In ASME Turbo Expo 2010: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2010-22380.

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The response of turbulent premixed flames to inlet velocity fluctuations is studied experimentally in a lean premixed, swirl-stabilized, gas turbine combustor. Overall chemiluminescence intensity is used as a measure of the fluctuations in the flame’s global heat release rate and hot wire anemometry is used to measure the inlet velocity fluctuations. Tests are conducted over a range of mean inlet velocities, equivalence ratios and velocity fluctuation frequencies, while the normalized inlet velocity fluctuation (V′/Vmean) is fixed at 5% to ensure linear flame response over the employed modulation frequency range. The measurements are used to calculate a flame transfer function relating the velocity fluctuation to the heat release fluctuation as a function of the velocity fluctuation frequency. At low frequency, the gain of the flame transfer function increases with increasing frequency to a peak value greater than one. As the frequency is further increased, the gain decreases to a minimum value, followed by a second smaller peak. The frequencies at which the gain is minimum and achieves its 2nd peak are found to depend on the convection time scale and the flame’s characteristic length scale. Phase-synchronized CH* chemiluminescence imaging is used to characterize the flame’s response to inlet velocity fluctuations. The observed flame response can be explained in terms of the interaction of two flame perturbation mechanisms, acoustic velocity fluctuations and vorticity fluctuations. Analysis of the phase-synchronized flame images show that when both perturbations arrive at the flame at the same time (or phase) they constructively interfere, producing the 2nd peak observed in the gain curves. And when the perturbations arrive at the flame 180 degrees out-of-phase, they destructively interfere, producing the observed minimum in the gain curve.
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