Journal articles on the topic 'Global Spectrum Policy Perspective'

This article offers an overview and evaluation of Ireland’s changing media landscape through the prism of the recent policy contestation surrounding the future use of the UHF spectrum and its implications for the medium of television broadcasting. The article brings into focus current policy and governance developments and their interplay with market and technological change and how they are shaping a small open European state’s adaptation to the increasingly complex national/global hybrid media ecosystem. It examines the contexts surrounding the competition for spectrum resources and its implications for the role of free-to-air broadcasting and mobile broadband technologies in the future delivery of media and communication services. It takes a political economy and institutionalist perspective to evaluate the extent to which the evolution of the Irish institutional framework regarding broadcasting and broadband development and the allocation of spectrum frequencies is shaped by broader political economic and political/institutional dynamics and what this means for the remediation of broadcasting within the evolving digital media ecology.

PurposeThe paper aims to explore accountability as a virtue and as a mechanism (Bovens, 2010) of global telecommunication operators in the process of governing spectrum and of broadband development. The two concepts of accountability are juxtaposed with operators’ corporate reporting practices and spectrum licensing procedures of European national regulatory authorities (NRAs) and are analysed accordingly. The paper argues that spectrum licensing within the European Union regulatory context offers possible venues for policy intervention, rendering telecom providers to take an account on their global operations. Corruption is the case study to draw connections to public accountability, with a focus on the information and communication technology global market activity.Design/methodology/approachSpectrum bidding processes of European NRAs were analysed according to published documentation of auctions and to answers of NRAs on specific aspects of their licensing practices. Auctioning cases on 800 MHz band frequencies (790-862 MHz, or the “digital dividend”) were selected in countries where telecoms involved in corruption cases were based or where corrupt practices were revealed. Furthermore, a survey was carried out between 08 March and 03 June 2017 – coordinated by the Radio Spectrum Policy Group among its 28 members – on inquiring about licensing practices of NRAs during spectrum trading with respect to identifying beneficial ownership of bidders to spectrum.FindingsFindings show that European NRAs are in possession of regulatory tools that could enforce telecoms’ public accountability; there are strong arguments on the need for European and national-level policy interventions. Spectrum licensing procedures are offering possible and potential venues of accountability. Further legislative action is necessary to adopt a minimum set of criteria applicable in the licensing process. Harmonised implementation by NRAs should further develop new standards fostering transparency.Originality/valueInformation about the ethical behaviour and corruption of European telecom operators is surprisingly scarce and unsystematic, particularly considering the centrality of those actors in advancing a number of the aims of the historical Millennium Development Goals and the new Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations. Research into the governance of spectrum as a possible venue of accountability, and the findings shed new light on regulatory aspects of telecommunication in a global perspective.

AbstractThe paper considers the notion of Science Policy from a postcolonial perspective. It examines the theoretical implications of the recent trend to include emerging and developing countries in international Science Policies by way of the case study of Switzerland. This country’s new international science policy instruments and measures have challenged the classical distinction between international scientific cooperation and development cooperation, with consequences on standards and evaluation criteria. The analysis reveals that the underlying assumptions of the concept of Science Policy perpetuate traditional asymmetries in the global political economy of science. The paper suggests that the present legacy of Science Policy institutions and practices needs to be transformed to reflect an increasingly diverse spectrum of scientific purposes and traditions. It offers a revised set of foundational assumptions on Science Policy and, more broadly, proposes a fresh point of entry for the field of Science & Technology Studies (STS) to contribute to the Science Policy discourse.

Optimal health and well-being are now considered the true measures of human development. Integrated strategies for infant, child and adult nutrition are required that take a life-course perspective to achieve life-long health. The major nutrition challenges faced today include: (a) addressing the pending burden of undernutrition (low birth weight, severe wasting, stunting and Zn, retinol, Fe, iodine and folic acid deficits) affecting those individuals living in conditions of poverty and deprivation; (b) preventing nutrition-related chronic diseases (obesity, diabetes, CVD, some forms of cancer and osteoporosis) that, except in sub-Saharan Africa, are the main causes of death and disability globally. This challenge requires a life-course perspective as effective prevention starts before conception and continues at each stage of life. While death is unavoidable, premature death and disability can be postponed by providing the right amount and quality of food and by maintaining an active life; (c) delaying or avoiding, via appropriate nutrition and physical activity interventions, the functional declines associated with advancing age. To help tackle these challenges, it is proposed that the term ‘malnutrition in all its forms’, which encompasses the full spectrum of nutritional disorders, should be used to engender a broader understanding of global nutrition problems. This term may prove particularly helpful when interacting with policy makers and the public. Finally, a greater effort by the UN agencies and private and public development partners is called for to strengthen local, regional and international capacity to support the much needed change in policy and programme activities focusing on all forms of malnutrition with a unified agenda.

What role do cultural dimensions of cooperation and competition play in economic life? Taking a multidisciplinary perspective, this essay uses the example of the concept of trust to consider some implications for competition policy. The author suggests that the field of competition policy is at core about the authoritative allocation of categories of economic activity along a spectrum with individualism and competition at one end and collectivism and cooperation at the other. The allocation is a function of the state, made on the basis of a variety of imprecise inputs—cultural, political, historic, economic, and institutional—and not merely neoclassical economic theory. Sensitivity to the cultural aspects of competition and cooperation places constraints on overly optimistic expectations for global harmonization of antitrust enforcement.

Este estudo tem como escopo analisar as políticas educacionais, especialmente àquelas relacionadas a perspectiva de educação inclusiva e o atendimento educacional de estudantes com diagnóstico de Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA). É um estudo de abordagem qualitativa, de análise de documentos propositivos e legais das políticas educacionais brasileira relacionando com a área do Transtorno do Espectro Autista. E buscou-se como procedimento metodológico para análise dos documentos no período de 1988 a 2015, as contribuições de Shiroma, Campos e Garcia (2005) e Evangelista (2009), os estudos de Bueno (1993, 2004), Jannuzzi (2004) e Garcia (2004) para a discussão da área da educação especial e Araújo e Neto (2014) sobre as questões relacionadas ao Transtorno do Espectro Autismo. Entre os resultados, observa-se que no Brasil as políticas educacionais de perspectiva inclusiva foram influenciadas pelos Organismos Internacionais, especialmente a partir de 1990 e reafirmada em 2008 com a implantação pelo MEC da Política Nacional de Educação Especial na Perspectiva da Educação Inclusiva. O público da educação especial também foi sendo modificado ao longo deste período, sendo definindo em 2008 como: pessoas com deficiência, Transtornos Globais do Desenvolvimento e Altas Habilidades Superdotação, incluindo o Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA) no Transtorno Global do Desenvolvimento. Em 2012, com a Lei nº 12.764, que instituiu a Política Nacional de Proteção dos Direitos da Pessoa com Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA) que trata da temática de forma específica, considerando os sujeitos com TEA como pessoas com deficiência. Palavras-chave: Políticas educacionais. Educação Especial. Educação Inclusiva. TEA. ABSTRACT This study aims to analyze educational policies, especially those related to the perspective of inclusive education and the educational service of students diagnosed with Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD). It is a study with a qualitative approach, analysis of propositional and legal documents of Brazilian educational policies relating to the field of autism spectrum disorder. And as a methodological procedure for analyzing the documents from 1988 to 2015, the contributions of Shiroma, Campos and Garcia (2005) and Evangelista (2009), the studies of Bueno (1993, 2004), Jannuzzi (2004) and Garcia (2004) for the discussion of the area of special education and Araújo and Neto (2014) on issues related to autism spectrum disorder. Among the results, it is observed that in Brazil educational policies with an inclusive perspective were influenced by International Organizations, especially from 1990 onwards and reaffirmed in 2008 with the implementation by the MEC of the National Policy on Special Education in the Perspective of Inclusive Education. The special education audience was also modified throughout this period, being defined in 2008 as: people with disabilities, Pervasive Developmental Disorders and High Abilities Giftedness, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in Pervasive Developmental Disorder. In 2012, with Law No. 12,764, which established the National Policy for the Protection of the Rights of Persons with Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD), which specifically addresses the issue, considering subjects with ASD as people with disabilities. Keywords: Educational policies. Special education. Inclusive education. ASD.

Terrorism is a serious problem for the world recently. The groups of terror currently appeared to be closely related to groups that have radical understanding. They claim that their actions are the implementation of Jihaad. The goal of their struggle is to establish the Khilafah Islamiyah, a global leadership system based on Islamic law. Countries embraced nation state, including Indonesia, labeled them as a radical group-terrorism. The Government of Indonesia through the National Agency for Combating Terrorism (BNPT) has a special strategy to combat radical-terrorism groups with the policy of de-radicalization. De-radicalization attempts to reduce and eliminate one's radical understanding. This study will discuss de-radicalization in the political Spectrum perspective. This paper specifically takes a study on the concept and implementation of de-radicalization programs implemented by the National Agency for Counter-Terrorism (BNPT) during this time. This paper shows an answer whether the deradicalization efforts undertaken by BNPT will change the political spectrum of a person.Â

The article analyses the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (ipbes) through the spectrum of international environmental law. It unpacks the epistemic logics within which ipbes operates and emphasises the normative constructions underlying the mechanism, arguing that ipbes is best understood in light of the rationale and principles of the law of sustainable development. On that basis, the article provides an in-depth discussion of ipbes, and in particular of i) its mandate analysed in light of the principles of the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development, ii) its scope that combines a temporal and spatial perspective to scientific knowledge and iii) its outreach activities seeking to co-operate with a variety of partners, interpreted as an embodiment of the ‘global partnership’ that the Rio Declaration calls for.

The positioning of Africa within international relations continues to be a subject of debate. While pessimists perceive Africa as stagnant, burdened by its colonial history and bureaucratic complexities and that such obtaining situations cannot be transformed, optimists envision a realm of potential transformation, often invoking scattered evidence that justify concepts such as “Africa rising” or an “African Renaissance” but practically remaining complacent in business as usual practices. Realists, meanwhile, acknowledge Africa’s vulnerabilities and advocate for pragmatic approaches to effect positive change. This paper takes a theoretical angle to examine Africa’s role in the globalized world through the lens of its influence on and interaction with the global public policy agenda; employing international law as a ground to test the theorizing. Applying qualitative-interpretive design and critical desk review, arguments made in the paper are organized in four interdependent sequences. Firstly, it provides a contextualization of global public policy theatre; explores a spectrum of theoretical frameworks and counter-theories to elucidate Africa’s position in global public policy, employing the structure-agency problem to delineate between these perspectives. Thirdly, it undertakes a conceptual disambiguation, with specific attention given to international law and then investigates the role of international law in African public policy processes, with a brief analysis of its impact across four substantive policy areas. The paper makes three conclusions: firstly, the paper showcases that the position of Africa may depend largely on the theoretical angle adopted by an analyst, with agency-based theories looking inward and discussing Africa’s deficiencies as emerging from within it, while structure-based perspectives focus on external factors. Bridging this divide is crucial for understanding Africa’s position in global public policy comprehensively. Secondly, the contemporary global landscape has undergone significant transformation, blurring the boundaries between local and global policy spheres, thereby profoundly affecting Africa as a vulnerable entity within this dynamic environment. Thirdly, while international law is not without its limitations, it remains an indispensable facet of Africa’s public policy discourse, exerting considerable influence on decision-making processes. This paper contributes to the ongoing dialogue on Africa’s engagement with global public policy, offering insights into its evolving role and the complexities inherent in its interaction with international legal frameworks. It therefore attempts to marry two currently separated research areas, namely on one hand, the literature on the place of Africa in IR and the quest to deconstruct intellectual imperialism in “International Studies” and on the other hand, empirical analysis of Africa’s influence on and interaction with the global public policy agenda.

The issue of global warming, stemming from climate change, exerts significant ramifications worldwide and manifests in diverse extreme weather conditions and natural calamities. In response, a growing number of countries globally have been advocating for a spectrum of legal frameworks, institutional mechanisms, and supportive policies to mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and facilitate environmental rehabilitation. Notably, the COVID-19 pandemic has exposed vulnerabilities in the global supply chain, underscoring deficiencies inherent in existing supply chain management (SCM) paradigms employed by companies. This study explored both global and Korean government policy trajectories from the perspectives of domestic companies. For this, the study investigated the policy directions of pivotal actors such as the United States and the European Union, thereby contributing to the discourse on the reconstruction of global supply chains through a synthesis of theoretical ground and empirical case studies centered on sustainable global SCM practices. Companies are required to adeptly navigate the comprehensive landscape of climate change response policies instituted by individual nations. In turn, companies can enhance their competitive edge by fortifying and overhauling prevailing SCM infrastructures.

Due to the global challenges that are posed by the Anthropocene and the academic focus on the fragmented state of modernity, we extend an invitation for shared dialogue on the all-pervading nature of consumerism as the seemingly problematic ethos of Western consumer culture. To this end, we outline a way to approach consumerism as an implicit religion, theorized as having adopted functionalities related to explicitly faith-based traditions within secular settings. We suggest that a similar kind of holistic and multidimensional approach might be of great benefit in the implementation of sustainability, as this would allow, e.g., (i) a more holistic analysis of the all-pervading nature of consumerism; (ii) acknowledgement of the functional diversity of the phenomenon; (iii) recognition of the shallowness of the critique of consumerism as a way of life; and, (iv) shared dialogue across a spectrum of academic perspectives under a unified model. This approach problematizes standard interpretations of consumerism as being about the promotion of the individual against the collective and as leading to a general sense of purposelessness. The perspective of religion reveals how patterns of consumption become illuminated with meaning and connected to a shared way for individuals to articulate a sense of purpose in contemporary contexts.

The healthcare system’s climate footprint is equivalent to 4.4% of global net emission. The food service offered, with subsequent food waste production and energy consumption, falls within the spectrum of environmentally harmful activities. The development of a Sustainable Food Procurement Strategy is an opportunity to counteract these negative effects. This article aims to identify the nature and extent of the evidence found in the literature on the processes related to food procurement within healthcare systems and analyse them from the perspective of sustainability dimensions. A scoping review is carried out using online databases to identify scientific and grey literature published in English during the period 2000–2019. An analytical-synthetic approach is used for charting the data. Twenty-six studies are included; 65% of them published in the last five years. These include research articles (n 11), an opinion article (n 1), policy handbooks and guides (n 2), project reports (n 4) and technical reports (n 3), policy forums (n 1), factsheet documents (n 3), and legislative directives (n 1). The outcomes framework highlights multilevel governance, a sustainable food supply system, and healthy and sustainable food services as the main action areas for a sustainable food procurement strategy, along with six transversal features: long-term commitment, investment, evaluation, communication, gender, and a holistic approach.

Abstract Does applied history have an image problem? At first glance, there are signs that it might, but I will suggest in this essay that the considered view is more promising. Partly on account of the formidable policy questions facing us, on global, national and transnational levels, there is a growing appetite for ‘usable’ forms of history, and historians are organizing with a number of constructive responses. The earlier interest in applied history as a means to better statesmanship has now been joined by a productively pluralist approach to the types of policy to which history might be applied. This welcome trend is perhaps the most important thing to note about applied history today. It also reflects the urgency of problems across a broad spectrum of public policy. Conditions now seem more welcoming of public-facing historians writing from multiple perspectives and writing to help think through the state we are in.

The authors of the article have studied the nature, forms, causes, driving forces, specifics of political conflicts of the hybrid type. The content of the concept of "political conflict of the hybrid type", its difference from the concept of hybrid wars and modern armed conflicts are analyzed; it is emphasized that the political conflict of the hybrid type often manifests itself as a combination of military and non-military methods of conducting foreign policy by some modern states. It is detected that opponents in the political conflict of the hybrid type use a spectrum of non-military facilities of influence such as political, economic, social, environmental, and other means. In the case of military confrontation, various types of weapons are added to the features of this type of conflict. The hypothesis about the expediency of interpretation of the term "hybrid-type political conflict" is expressed not only as a general name for the latest form of military-political conflict, but also as the name of a single (unique) historical event. In this new perspective, hybrid warfare appears as the highest type of conflict to be correlated with the Cold War and the well-known wars with their own names. It has been proven that hybrid conflicts, hybrid threats and hybrid wars are considered as important feature of the international security environment in a state of systemic crisis today. At the same time, the military and analytical communities lack unity in understanding the phenomenon of hybrid warfare. The study clarifies and systematizes the leading modern concepts and theories regarding the definition of the features and nature of the phenomenon of "hybrid warfare". The views of the problem of leading Ukrainian and foreign scientists are considered in the course of the work. From the standpoint of the synthesized approach, the features of global and regional military-political conflicts of the hybrid type are established. The mutual influence of such conflicts on world political processes and the world community, geopolitical players of the formation of hybrid threats is rated.

Digital work, otherwise referred to as 'gig' work, is heralded as a useful strategy that could help bridge the unemployment rate in South Africa by connecting job seekers and business organisations across the global spectrum. The purpose of this paper was to explore the benefits and challenges of the gig economy on SMMEs in South Africa. In this study, an interpretive research paradigm was followed to explore the benefits and challenges of the gig economy in the SMMEs in South Africa. Semi-structured focus group interviews were conducted with 20 participants, consisting of thirteen gig workers (n=13) and seven business organization employees (n=7). The data collected were thematically analysed with the aid of NVivo v12 software (QSR International Pty Ltd, 2015). The participants held the view that the gig economy can promote business growth and economic inclusion, and help organisations better manage their resources. While gig work offers some advantages, the participants highlighted concerns surrounding the lack of clear policy, occupational vulnerability, precarity, platform-based work, and the risks of gig work. The study suggests that gig work is critical to advancing the growth of Small, Medium, and Micro Enterprises (SMMEs) in South Africa.

Child maltreatment is a global public health issue known to affect an average of 600,000 U.S. children of all ages (0–18 years old) annually. However, a preponderance of preventive programs target children on the younger end of the spectrum, specifically those aged 0–5. Annual reports of the prevalence of maltreatment provide opportunities to analyze trends, but in 2009, these reports stopped reporting the ages of victims for each type of maltreatment (i.e., neglect, physical abuse, emotional abuse, and sexual abuse). This omission limits the ability to match (or design) prevention programs responsive to the ages of those at greatest risk. Using data from the National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System (NCANDS) from 2011–2020, this secondary data analysis describes trends for four types of maltreatment by age from an epidemiological perspective. Implications for practice (i.e., prevention) and policy are presented. The findings of this study offer the first step in what is hoped to be a line of research that seeks to identify, match, and/or develop evidence-based programs to prevent child maltreatment among the populations at highest risk.

Abstract Mitigation of greenhouse gasses heightens attention on hydrogen as a crucial element in the global energy transition, while combating climate change. Building on previous analyses of hydrogen projects compiled by the International Energy Agency (IEA), this paper provides an updated and comprehensive analysis of this database while delving deeper into the intricacies of hydrogen products and their economic end-uses. Given the availability of alternative technologies in some sectors, it is crucial to understand the nuances of hydrogen projects, particularly in "hard-to-decarbonize" or "hard-to-abate" sectors such as iron and steelmaking, where the key benefit of using green hydrogen is to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from the process and energy use. Therefore, this paper’s objective is to provide insights into the distribution, technologies, and trends of hydrogen projects produced with renewable power, while unraveling the diverse products of these projects and identify the sectors benefiting most from them. Employing a rigorous statistical data analysis, a dataset encompassing approximately 2000 hydrogen projects worldwide is scrutinized. These questions guide the investigation: a) What is the distribution of hydrogen projects across different countries globally? b) What are the key trends in technology choice over time? c) What are the key trends of hydrogen projects using renewable energy? d) What are the primary products of green hydrogen projects? e) Which end-use sectors are benefiting from the “green” hydrogen products the most? The findings reveal a spectrum of internationally pursued hydrogen-derived products, ranging from hydrogen to ammonia and beyond. Moreover, they provide insights into industries that stand to gain from innovation, including mobility, ammonia production and other industrial applications. This paper significantly contributes to the understanding of “green” hydrogen products, and their end-uses. Governments and businesses can leverage this knowledge to make informed policy and investment decisions in a rapidly evolving market.

Abstract This study explores the efficacy of carbon tax policies and carbon trading mechanisms in facilitating Indonesia’s attainment of its Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) targets by 2030. Employing a literature review methodology, the research synthesizes insights from a broad spectrum of sources, including peer-reviewed academic journals, governmental reports, international policy documents, and empirical studies. The focus lies on analyzing the implementation strategies, impacts, and challenges associated with global carbon pricing initiatives, with particular attention to their relevance and effectiveness within Indonesia’s unique socio-economic and environmental context. Key criteria for inclusion encompasses studies offering comprehensive analyses of policy outcomes, economic implications, environmental benefits, and social considerations related to carbon pricing mechanisms. Utilizing thematic analysis, the study identifies recurring themes and critical perspectives, while comparative and trend analyses elucidate variations in policy effectiveness across different jurisdictions and evolving approaches over time. The synthesized findings aim to provide nuanced recommendations for policymakers and stakeholders, guiding the design and implementation of tailored carbon pricing policies that align with Indonesia’s climate goals while promoting sustainable development objectives.

Prevailing American conservative views regarding consumption and the environment have evolved in ways incongruous to a past intellectual legacy. As the world's most voracious consumer and greatest power, the United States possesses a vast global footprint; this historically unprecedented combination of appetite and might translates into both potential and peril. Given that the repercussions of dominant American perspectives are not just domestic, but global, it is imperative to reflect on American conservative ideology. This article begins with an examination of a past intellectual heritage, which extolled virtues such as conservation, prudence and stewardship. It then examines an array of contemporary conservatisms by laying out a typology of views. As a whole, the spectrum shows considerable ideological elasticity. Of much interest is an array of green outliers within the typology, for these nascent, diverse voices indicate potential synergy with mainstream environmental goals, although not without caveats. Finally, the future direction of conservative thought with respect to consumption and the environment is assessed.

The growing concern of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a significant threat to global public health. The indiscriminate use of antimicrobials in veterinary medicine is considered as one of the major contributer to this challenge. The present study was undertaken to determine the occurrence of Escherichia coli (E. coli) in dairy farms of Thrissur, Kerala. Out of 128 samples collected from various sources including raw milk, water, equipment swabs and handler hand swabs from 32 dairy farms in Thrissur, 38.28 percent tested positive for E. coli using culture techniques. The highest occurrence of E. coli was found in milk and equipment swab samples, with 14 out of 32 samples (43.75) testing positive for E. coli in both. The occurrence of E. coli in water samples collected from 32 dairy farms was 34.37 per cent and occurrence in handlers hand swab samples was 31.25 per cent. All the 49 isolates were tested for susceptibility against 13 antibiotics. The highest resistance was observedagainst tetracycline (26.53) followed by ampicillin (24.49) and ciprofloxacin (20.41) while all the isolates were sensitive to chloramphenicol. Multidrug resistance was detected in 12 isolates (24.49). Three isolates (6.12) were phenotypically identified as Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase (ESBL) producers. The results underscore the importance of stringent hygiene practices in dairy farms to mitigate microbial contamination and safeguard human and animal health. The findings also call for the necessity of targeted strategies and policy-level interventions to combat AMR.

Climate change is widely acknowledged as the paramount global challenge of the 21st century, bringing economic, social, and environmental impacts due to rising global temperatures, more frequent extreme weather events, and ecosystem disturbances. To combat this, many countries target net-zero carbon emissions by 2050, reshaping both the financial system and consumption patterns. This transition has sharpened the financial sector’s focus on climate-related risks, making the carbon footprint, environmental benefits of investments, and sustainability of financial products critical to investors’ decisions. However, conventional risk prediction methods may not fully capture these climate-associated risks in a carbon-neutral setting. Emerging from this context is the need for innovative predictive tools. Recently, Long Short-Term Memory networks (LSTM) have gained prominence for their efficacy in time-series forecasting. Singular Spectrum Analysis (SSA), effective for extracting time series patterns, combined with LSTM as SSA-LSTM, offers a potentially superior approach to financial risk prediction. Our study, focusing on a case study of the wind energy sector in China, situates itself within the growing body of research focusing on the integration of environmental sustainability and financial risk management. Leveraging the capabilities of SSA-LSTM, we aim to bridge the gap in the current literature by offering a nuanced approach to financial risk prediction in the carbon-neutral landscape. This research not only reveals the superiority of the SSA-LSTM model over traditional methods but also contributes a robust framework to the existing discourse, facilitating a more comprehensive understanding and management of financial risks in the evolving carbon-neutral global trend.

In the post-COVID-19 era, virology-related research, which not only depends on the governments as its main source of funding but also requires international and interdisciplinary collaborations, is recognized as an essential defense for sustainability. Few published studies have examined the trend, but only for certain viruses before the mid-2010s. Moreover, it is challenging to define generally accepted virology-related research fields due to its broad spectrum. Thus, it is time that we confront the unprecedented pandemic to understand the status of nationally supported projects in developed nations to establish international collaborative research strategies from an interdisciplinary perspective. In this study, 32,365 national-funded projects were collected from the US, EU, and Japan and assigned to five scientific fields to conduct a cluster analysis. Then, an expert-based approach was utilized to define an individual cluster. Moreover, a comparative analysis between nations was carried out to determine if there was a competitive edge for collaboration. As a result, a framework for virology-related research areas was constructed to provide the status quo and differences between nations’ research capabilities, thereby eliciting practical global research and development (R&D) cooperation to achieve a common agenda and a direction for goals in the post-COVID-19 era. These findings have implications for viral response R&D, policy, and practice for future pandemics. A systematic approach based on scientific evidence and an R&D collaboration strategy between industry and academia is essential to resolve the interdisciplinary barriers between countries and promote sustainable virus R&D collaboration.

Understanding the socio-economic channels through which farmers affect agro-biodiversity (ABD) represents a relevant research area, especially in the light of the new sustainable development paradigm. Supporting ABD is one of the main goals of the EU Green Deal and the agricultural sector is being called on for a higher commitment. Nowadays, ABD interventions are linked not only to the genetic and natural resources of species, but also to farming practices, land management, living standards in rural areas and all the policy interventions supporting them. However, the existing literature is still mainly focused on the environmental and agronomic perspectives. This paper aims to assess the extent to which different socio-economic and policy factors affect the performance of farmers in supporting ABD at the territorial level. Starting from the FADN data and focusing on Italy, we built a new regional comprehensive indicator that accounts for three levers through which farmers mostly interact and can influence ABD: land use strategies, agriculture practices and management decisions, and Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) funds. Results reveal a heterogeneous spectrum of indicator scores at the regional level. Land use strategies have a significant relevance for the North-East regions and the Islands (Sicily and Sardinia), whereas agricultural practices emerge as the primary influential factors in the Centre and South. Policy funds dominate in the North-West, reflecting the greater expenditure capacity of the northern regions. These findings have important policy implications for the future of the CAP and the biodiversity EU strategy.

This study investigates the interconnected dynamics among the Dow Jones Sustainability World Index and two volatility indexes, the Cboe Volatility Index and ICE BofA MOVE Index. It examines their relationships and causalities within daily data spanning from January 2014 to July 2023. The research employs wavelet power spectrum (WPS) and wavelet coherence analyses (WCA) to delve into these interconnections. The wavelet power spectrum reveals noteworthy volatility spikes in the indexes during specific periods linked to geopolitical occurrences, the COVID-19 pandemic, and global uncertainties. A wavelet coherence analysis unveils how the DJ Sustainability World Index significantly influences the Cboe Volatility Index and ICE BofA MOVE Index across short, medium, and long-term perspectives, albeit with variations in certain periods. The empirical findings underscore the intricate relationships between sustainability and volatility indexes, shedding light on their nuanced causal interplay over time. The insights from this study hold paramount implications for policy-makers, investors, and financial institutions navigating a complex and uncertain landscape. The identified relationships between sustainability and market volatility can aid in making informed decisions. This research adds original value by uncovering the time-varying relationships between sustainability and volatility indexes, revealing their interdependencies across diverse temporal scales. Given the observed causal relationships, policy-makers and investors are recommended to consider sustainability-related developments when assessing market volatility. This proactive approach can lead to more informed decision making and effective risk management strategies.

While global attention to zero-energy building (ZEB) has surged as a sustainable countermeasure to high-energy consumption, a congruent expansion in research remains conspicuously absent. Addressing this lacuna, our study harnesses public research and development grant data to decipher evolving trajectories within ZEB research. Distinctively departing from conventional methodologies, we employ state-of-the-art natural language processing (NLP) artificial intelligence models to meticulously analyze grant textual content pertinent to ZEB. Our findings illuminate an expansive spectrum of ZEB-related research, with a pronounced focus on the holistic continuum of energy supply, demand, distribution, and actualization within architectural confines. Theoretically, this work delineates key avenues ripe for future empirical exploration, fostering a robust academic foundation for subsequent ZEB inquiries. Practically, the insights derived bear significant implications for practitioners, informing optimal implementation strategies, and offering policymakers coherent roadmaps for sustainable urban development. Collectively, this study affords a panoramic perspective on contemporary ZEB research contours, enhancing both scholarly comprehension and practical enactment in this pivotal domain.

In the last decades, lighting has evolved from a branch of engineering ensuring safety and performance in indoor and outdoor installations, to a key discipline interacting with a wide spectrum of fields and having a deep impact on our daily lives. Although this evolution also applies to other areas of knowledge, the special features of lighting make its potential and also its limitations different. It is not the typical field where a well-established mathematical framework allows a departure from well-defined input and identifying clear effects and conclusions. The reason is that lighting is a field dealing with the interaction between a physical phenomenon and a physiological and psychological system, the human being. In addition to the complexity of its basis, the relationship between lighting and sustainability has become stronger in recent years. This relationship is bi-directional in some cases: on one hand, advanced societies require more and more complex lighting installations, which means high energy consumption, use of raw materials, financial costs, manufacturing and maintenance processes, waste and emissions to the atmosphere. On the other hand, good lighting has an impact on issues like productivity, well-being, happiness, disease avoidance, safety, and many other qualitative aspects whose direct or indirect impact on sustainability is remarkable. This work will analyze how lighting can give answers to questions related to sustainability, not only from the classic topics of energy consumption and waste management, but from a wider and global perspective. The results of these works are analyzed, and the basis of the new framework of total lighting, discussed.

Objectives: The primary objective of this study is to analyze the factors influencing Non-Performing Loans (NPLs) in Vietnam's banking sector. It aims to shift the focus from traditional perspectives centered on macroeconomic indicators towards considering external environmental factors, such as global economic shifts, digital transformation, and industry-specific changes. Moreover, it seeks to examine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on NPL dynamics in Vietnamese commercial banks.
 
 Methods: The study employs empirical data collected from various Vietnamese commercial banks. Robust statistical methods are applied to analyze the data and explore the relationships between external environmental factors and NPLs. The research challenges conventional risk assessment models by advocating for a more comprehensive approach that integrates a broader spectrum of external influences beyond internal and macroeconomic variables.
 
 Results: The findings of the study suggest that external environmental factors, including global economic shifts, digital transformation, and industry-specific changes, significantly affect NPLs in Vietnam's banking sector. The analysis reveals the intricate dynamics of NPLs, especially under the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic. Contrary to traditional perspectives, the research underscores the importance of considering a wider range of factors in assessing and managing NPL risk.
 
 Conclusion: In conclusion, this study contributes significantly to the understanding of NPL dynamics in Vietnam's banking sector. The research highlights the need for banking executives and policymakers to adopt dynamic risk management strategies that account for external environmental factors. By recognizing the influence of global economic shifts, digital transformation, and industry-specific changes, stakeholders can enhance banking resilience and stability in emerging markets like Vietnam. The study underscores the importance of embracing a holistic approach to risk management in an era characterized by rapid global changes and uncertainties.

Public health plays an important role in the spectrum of economic indicators. Simultaneously, the competitiveness of countries is a key economic indicator, and this interconnection requires special attention, especially in the decision-making process of public policies. The main objective of the presented study was to evaluate the effects of selected health indicators on the competitiveness of developed countries. The following health variables were collected for the analysed period from 2010 to 2018: four variables of Life Expectancy (LE) and three variables of Perceived Health Status (PHS). Each variable was observed from the perspective of gender differentiation and gender inequalities. The Global Competitiveness Index (GCI) was also used in the analyses as an economic variable. The research sample included all countries of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). The analytical data processing consisted of descriptive analysis, difference analysis (Wilcoxon Test), regression analysis (Panel regression model) and correlation analysis (Spearman's ρ). Regarding the results, all health variables showed differences between men and women. The results of the regression analysis revealed a very strong and significant effect of LE and PHS on the competitiveness of individual economies. The correlation analysis confirmed all relations. Improving the health of men and women is likely to increase the competitiveness of developed countries. As a result, it provides space for further research and policy-making in each country.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to review and compare the implementation of “arts inclusion” policies (AIPs) by 14 different public administrative systems around the world. It aims to provide a consolidated source which informs further studies in this field, and to develop a framework to compare AIPs at a global level. Design/methodology/approach Using “arts inclusion policy” as the search term, academic journals from a wide spectrum of fields were reviewed. A data set was extracted from the Compendium of Cultural Policies and Trends’ online database which provided real-time information of national cultural policies. Another data set is from the United Nations’ Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index, as the geographic scope of the review – largely focussing on UK, US, Australian, Scandinavian and Asian contexts. Using existing policy-making literature as benchmark, the authors designed and applied a comparative framework dedicated to AIPs which focussed on “policy-making structures” as the main ground of comparison. Findings An important finding is that the policy development and implementation of AIPs often underscore inter-sectoral involvement in many public administrations in this study. With policy leadership and financial incentives pivotal to effective AIPs, central governments should take a more concerted leadership role to include AIPs in national inter-sectoral policies, encourage evidence-based research, expand funding and advocate the recognition of the impacts of arts inclusion. It is concluded that AIPs in western countries remain more developed in targeted scopes and programme diversity compared to those of Asian countries and regions. Continued studies in this field are encouraged. Originality/value This review is the first of its kind to include a number of Asian and western countries within its research scope, allowing it to offer a more holistic outlook on the development and implementation of AIPs in different countries and regions. A common critique with all relevant existing literature was usually their lack of concrete comparative grounds, and the present study’s all-encompassing review of literature from across different levels and sectors of respective public administrative systems contribute to a unique and comprehensive perspective in the arts and health discourse.

The article thoroughly investigates the topic of development and regulation of digital currencies. Considering the global spread of digital assets, particularly cryptocurrencies, the article analyzes current challenges arising in the context of monetary policy and financial stability. The article examines the main concepts of digital currencies, including blockchain technologies and decentralized finance, as well as the characteristics of the approach to regulating these new assets in view of potential challenges for lawmakers, regulators, and central banks. The impact of digital currencies on monetary policy is analyzed in terms of potential effects on macroeconomic development: inflation, currency control, and financial stability. Also, the challenges and opportunities that digital currencies present for the traditional banking system are discussed. Monetary regulation of cryptocurrencies is a critically important aspect within the broader regulatory spectrum, involving supervision and control of digital currencies by central authorities, both from the perspective of fiat currencies and in terms of the processes of digitization overall. Cryptocurrencies, such as Bitcoin, typically have a capped supply, distinguishing them from traditional fiat currencies. This impacts monetary policy instruments like interest rates and money supply control, as there is no central authority regulating these parameters. Digital assets seamlessly operate across borders, challenging traditional structures of monitoring and controlling international transactions, making them vulnerable to cyber attacks and fraud. Especially in the early stages of development, cryptocurrencies may lack clear foundations or intrinsic value, unlike traditional assets such as stocks, often evaluated based on quarterly reports, earnings, and transparent financial indicators. Cryptocurrencies may be subject to more subjective influences, such as the impact of social media or the media, potentially leading to the formation of a phenomenon known as the ‘cryptocurrency bubble,’ driven by unjustified fluctuations in the prices of Bitcoin and other altcoins. This phenomenon resembles economic bubbles in traditional financial markets, characterized by sharp increases in asset prices driven by speculation and excessive buying rather than fundamental factors like underlying value or utility. The article provides general recommendations and practices for the regulation of digital currencies, supporting the innovative nature of digital assets in contemporary realities. With a primary focus on digital assets and their regulation, particularly cryptocurrencies, the article examines current challenges in the realm of monetary policy and financial stability, as well as fundamental concepts related to digital assets.

The new national, regional and global security environment and its trends are expressed in a synthesized way in the National Security Strategy. Our region is increasingly characterized, on the one hand, by overcoming the old mindsets of confrontation between states and the perceptible reduction of traditional threats, by the promotion of a new spirit of cooperation and the values of integration in the collective security structures and on the other hand, it is facing a new nature of challenges, dangers and threats with non-traditional, asymmetric forms and contents, on terrorist, ethnic or other grounds, initiated by nationalist-extremist elements and groups. Receiving the long-awaited invitation to the Bucharest Summit in April 2008, as well as the final moment for NATO accession at the NATO Summit in Stratsburg and Kehl, marks a qualitative stage in the complete process of Albania in the Euro-Atlantic structures. In this new perspective, the security and defense of our country will suffer qualitative effects; from the concept of individual security and protection, it will finally be passed "de jure" to the concept of collective security and protection, accompanied by all the relevant benefits and contributions. Likewise, the new states of Kosovo and Montenegro have given our region a new favorable panorama of regional security. Going forward, our assessments of the security environment, expected risks and threats, and the spectrum of FARSH combat and non-combat missions will be significantly influenced by the collective security assessments articulated in the Alliance's Strategic Concept (CSC), Policy of European Security and Defense (ESDP) and the Charter of the United Nations. In this new perspective, in full accordance with the constitutional obligations, FARSH to adopt a new defense planning system, in harmony with the standards and planning processes of the Euro-Atlantic Alliance. Keywords: Influencing factors, Regional security, NATO, National security

Objectives: The primary objective of this study is to analyze the factors influencing Non-Performing Loans (NPLs) in Vietnam's banking sector. It aims to shift the focus from traditional perspectives centered on macroeconomic indicators towards considering external environmental factors, such as global economic shifts, digital transformation, and industry-specific changes. Moreover, it seeks to examine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on NPL dynamics in Vietnamese commercial banks.
 
 Methods: The study employs empirical data collected from various Vietnamese commercial banks. Robust statistical methods are applied to analyze the data and explore the relationships between external environmental factors and NPLs. The research challenges conventional risk assessment models by advocating for a more comprehensive approach that integrates a broader spectrum of external influences beyond internal and macroeconomic variables.
 
 Results: The findings of the study suggest that external environmental factors, including global economic shifts, digital transformation, and industry-specific changes, significantly affect NPLs in Vietnam's banking sector. The analysis reveals the intricate dynamics of NPLs, especially under the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic. Contrary to traditional perspectives, the research underscores the importance of considering a wider range of factors in assessing and managing NPL risk.
 
 Conclusion: In conclusion, this study contributes significantly to the understanding of NPL dynamics in Vietnam's banking sector. The research highlights the need for banking executives and policymakers to adopt dynamic risk management strategies that account for external environmental factors. By recognizing the influence of global economic shifts, digital transformation, and industry-specific changes, stakeholders can enhance banking resilience and stability in emerging markets like Vietnam. The study underscores the importance of embracing a holistic approach to risk management in an era characterized by rapid global changes and uncertainties.

Low-Earth orbit (LEO) satellites have limited on-board resources, user terminals are unevenly distributed in the constantly changing coverage area, and the service requirements vary significantly. It is urgent to optimize resource allocation under the constraint of limited satellite spectrum resources and ensure the fairness of service admission control. Therefore, we propose an intelligent hierarchical admission control (IHAC) strategy based on deep reinforcement learning (DRL). This strategy combines the deep deterministic policy gradient (DDPG) and the deep Q network (DQN) intelligent algorithm to construct upper and lower hierarchical resource allocation and admission control frameworks. The upper controller considers the state features of each ground zone and satellite resources from a global perspective, and determines the beam resource allocation ratio of each ground zone. The lower controller formulates the admission control policy based on the decision of the upper controller and the detailed information of the users’ services. At the same time, a designed reward and punishment mechanism is used to optimize the decisions of the upper and lower controllers. The fairness of users’ services admissions in each ground zone is achieved as far as possible while ensuring the reasonable allocation of beam resources among zones. Finally, online decision-making and offline learning were combined, so that the controller could make full use of a large number of historical data to learn and generate intelligent strategies with stronger adaptive ability while interacting with the network environment in real time. A large number of simulation results show that IHAC has better performance in terms of a successful service admission rate, service drop rate, and fair resource allocation. Among them, the number of accepted services increased by 20.36% on average, the packet loss rate decreased by 17.56% on average, and the resource fairness increased by 17.16% on average.

Managing climate change is synonymous to managing cities and their growth. To shoulder the challenge of climate change adaptation, informal settlement upgrading in the global south has amounted to the importance of being attuned with the growth of its city and region at large. Changing the paradigm of on-site upgrading to being community-driven and city-led with domestic funding unlocks potentials for community resilience building, especially in countries that strive for inclusive growth. This research looks into informal settlement development dynamics and its resilience stance in conjunction of the metropolitan growth in three Southeast Asian countries. Greater Manila Area, Bangkok Metropolitan Region and Hanoi Capital Region serve as the backdrop for this investigation. The research mainly addresses informal settlement upgrading roles, mechanism and approaches for resilience building in these three metropolises, meanwhile also unveiling their city-regional development needs. The methodological approach of this study is highly participatory, demonstrating a hybrid of multi-spectrum stakeholder workshops, online surveys (due to COVID), expert interviews, project interim reports and correspondence with the local expert team in the three countries, etc. The paper attempts at providing a cross-country appraisal of the central strategies of informal settlement upgrading, related institutional constellations and upgrading applications along with the three metropolises’ urban development. This attempt accentuates the pressing needs of mitigating multi-facet vulnerability of informal communities, who are the most adversely affected by climate change and rampant urbanization. Further, this research will also reveal the mindset change of how decision-makers and the public contemplate upgrading objectives, e.g., recasting secure tenure instruments.

Forest management is a complex topic at the interface between sustainability and the resilience of socioeconomic and environmental systems. The influence of market forces, supranational, country and regional policies, as well as climate change, on forest goods and services, is expected to increase in the near future. Such a complex interplay between economic and environmental forces is common to most European countries. The aim of this study is to operationally delineate and discuss the transition of the environmental sustainability and economic viability of forestry in Italy. This country encompasses the typical Mediterranean ecosystems with broad forest coverage in mountainous and hilly areas, where expanding woodland areas have been observed in the last decades mainly as a consequence of the decline of agropastoral activities, especially in disadvantaged and marginal areas. The consequent increase in wood biomass was frequently conceived as an element of environmental criticality, exposing woods to high vulnerability to wildfires and a consequent reduction in their economic value, possibly exacerbated by local warming. These dynamics usually took place in contexts where only a part of the overall forest heritage was subjected to regular management, despite the efforts made through various policies such as the Constitutional Law 3/2001 and the recent Law on Forests and Forestry Supply Chains. The latter policy tool, enhancing the concept of “active forest management” aimed to establish a sustainable approach to forest resources, leading to a broader forest area for formal planning and controlled harvesting. These dynamics took place in parallel with the inherent expansion in forest certification schemes formally promoting long-term environmental sustainability and a wider spectrum of forest ecosystems. Timber and non-wood materials and products are key elements from the perspective of achieving sustainable (climate-neutral) development in advanced economies.

Health metrics have evolved with increasing sophistication. The disability-adjusted life-year (DALY) has emerged as a widely used metric. While DALYs vary between countries, the global disability weights (DWs) that are integral to the DALY ignore the potential impact of local factors on the burden of disease. Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH), a spectrum of hip pathologies, typically develops during early childhood and is a leading cause of early hip osteoarthritis. This paper explores the variability in the DW for DDH in relation to to local health environments using select health system indicators.The DW for DDH increases with decreasing income level of countries. The Human Development Index and the Gross Domestic Product per capita are both negatively correlated with (p<0.05) the DW for DDH per country. For the indicators surgical workforce, surgical procedures and hospital beds per 1000 population, there is a significant negative correlation in countries not meeting the minimum standard of that indicator (p<0.05), while for countries meeting that minimum standard, the correlation between DW for DDH and the respective indicator is not significantly different from zero.Consideration should be given to re-establishing the DWs for health entities in countries that do not meet the minimum standards of a functional health system. This would more accurately reflect the burden of disease from a functional perspective in LMICs, and perhaps allow for more informed priority setting within LMICs and for donors. The establishment of these DWs should not start from scratch; our data suggest that the variability in DWs due to context can most likely be modelled using health system and financial protection indicators already in use today.

Innovation governance has risen to prominence as a central theme in nurturing and framing contemporary debates surrounding innovation policies. This Special Issue features contributions that critically examine the “complexities of governance and the governance of complexity” (Jessop, 2020), aiming for a deeper understanding of innovation governance processes. The selected papers build on some discussions from the inaugural international NOvation Online Forum (held from 15 to 17 September 2021) around innovation policies and governance practices. The issue focuses on a critical approach to dilemmas and challenges associated with innovation governance in the context of sustainability transformations and its intricate relationships with ethical, social, economic, and environmental concerns.Despite the abundant literature on the concept of governance, the term governance of innovation or innovation governance becomes diffuse and used in many different ways and perspectives. Some authors refer to innovation policy governance (Kuhlman, 2000; Fagerberg & Hutschenreiter, 2020), and “innovation” usually appears as part of the governance of STI and as a less visible guest into the governance of science and technology, and the governance of change of socio-technical systems (Borrás & Edler, 2014, 2020).Innovation governance can be understood as a response to the multiplied innovation forms embedded in an intensified social complexity (Edwards-Schachter, 2021). In the praxis arena, governance of innovation refers to a plethora of governing styles and practices involving actors from private, public, and third sectors in a context of multiple and intertwined changes between different modes of state intervention and societal autonomy (Lindner et al., 2016; Borrás & Edler, 2020). Overall, it can be seen under the lenses of specific forms of collective reflexivity embracing innovation processes and practices strongly interlinked with “the ability of a society to develop and implement collective choices” (Pierre & Peters, 2001). In that sense, the notion encompasses changes in governing either in a new government process, policy, or regulatory framework, or the development of policy instruments that creates the conditions for collective action (Rhodes, 1996; McGuinnis, 2011). More specifically, innovation governance represents a system to align goals, allocate resources, and assign decision-making authority for innovation, which entails the generation of structures, models, and practices marked by complex interdependence at multiple sectors and levels, i.e., local, national, or international (Stocker, 1998; Jessop, 1998, 2020).Over the past few decades, the concept has gained significant traction, particularly in the corporate sector, as organizations seek to enhance their innovation governance practices. This shift reflects a broader trend toward proactive and anticipatory policymaking designed to effectively address complex challenges and uncertainties (Stoker, 1998; Diercks et al., 2019; Tõnurist & Hanson, 2020). Prominent examples include the emergence of Claims to Responsible Innovation (RI) and Transformative Innovation Policy (TIP), both of which are regarded as essential tools for addressing societal issues and driving systemic change toward sustainability (Diercks et al., 2019; Ludwig & Macnaghten, 2020). Additionally, there is a growing emphasis on enhancing civil society participation through a surge in Public Engagement (PE) initiatives. These endeavors are connected to the proliferation of governance labs and methods aimed at fostering optimistic discussions on participatory citizenship within public policy and innovation processes (e.g., the role of governance labs and Public Sector Innovation Laboratories, PSIL).However, some critical voices have raised concerns about the political and ideological dimensions of the governance discourse, questioning to what extent prevailing neoliberalism and pro-innovation biases shape public narratives and governance perspectives (e.g., Godin et al., 2021). More than a decade ago, Newman (2005) highlighted how Western and European governments contributed to the gradual dismantling of the traditional social contract between the state and citizens, paving the way for collaborative governance that emphasizes citizen responsibility. More recently, Kuhlmann & Ordonez-Matamoros (2017) and Ordonez et al.(2021) have drawn attention to biases and governance imbalances in emerging economies, highlighting numerous barriers linked to the non-neutrality of transformative policy innovation and the politicization of policy decisions.In summary, innovation governance encompasses a wide spectrum of perspectives on innovation, mostly focused on innovation systems and interrelationships and the conditions that facilitate thriving innovation. It involves the establishment of decision-making processes and structures that support the management of innovation activities, encompassing the definition of clear roles, responsibilities, and guidelines for innovation, as well as ongoing monitoring and evaluation of innovation performance.The following papers provide different aspects of governance that are not generally taken into account in the literature, paying attention to the barriers and conundrums that arise in innovation processes and practices.In the first paper, Centeno & Pinzón-Camargo (2022) bring to the fore the dilemmas and limitations of innovation governance in the Latin American context that emerge from the acritical uptake of theoretical perspectives deeply rooted in scholar traditions in the global North. By examining three in-depth case studies the authors critically assess the underlying assumptions of the dancing metaphor as a heuristic to study the interplay between innovation practice (I), policy (P), and theory (T) in Colombia (Kuhlmann et al., 2010; Kuhlmann & Ordóñez-Matamoros, 2017). They identify gaps in the metaphor and provide insights into who controls the "music" of innovation, the relationships between different actors, the potential exclusion of grassroots innovation movements, and the influence of established industrial actors.The lessons drawn from the cases highlight the significance of time in the innovation policy dance. Long-term processes show shifts between second-order learning and first-order learning, altering the dynamics of debate and the prevailing policy objectives. In some instances, like Cases 1 and 2, newcomers initially engage in second-order learning but eventually transition to a first-order learning process as they become more familiar with the dance. The persistence of certain policy goals and music over extended periods can indicate stability or institutionalization, but it can also reflect conflicting path-dependent situations that hinder deeper learning. Additionally, the cases underscore the multi-level nature of the policy dance, revealing alignment and misalignment patterns across different levels within the realms of policy, theory, and innovation practice. Tensions within the policy domain often arise, impacting the coordination of policy goals and competencies across levels due to misalignment between national policy objectives and local innovation practices. The interactions among innovation policy, theory, and innovation practice across various governance levels highlight the role of politics in shaping these interplays and learning processes. Otherwise, actors associated with P, T, and I are not confined to their respective realms and they can shift roles or belong to multiple realms simultaneously. For instance, in Case 2, policy actors and theory actors took on the role of practice by implementing STI projects funded by royalties. Conversely, in Case 3, policy was carried out by actors with strong academic backgrounds, blurring the lines between academia and policy. These cases reveal the complexity and intertwining of roles when actors are called upon or invited to participate in the dance. This dynamic nature of actors in the innovation dance means that they can readily switch from theory to practice to policy, or even assume different roles simultaneously. Overall, the paper provides new insights into grasping the specific dynamics of innovation governance in emerging economies, shedding light on some crosscutting opportunities and gaps for the innovation policy dancing metaphor across different innovation I-P-T situations.Aligned with this critical perspective, the second paper (Pinzón-Camargo et al., 2023) analyses the appropriation and implementation of the transformative innovation policy (TIP) approach in Colombia. Such policy framework is acquiring prominent popularity within scholar and policy circles in the Global South, with an active diffusion and impulse given by global partnerships such as the Transformative Innovation Policy Consortium (TIPC) composed of innovation policy agencies from Colombia, Finland, Mexico, Norway, South Africa and Sweden, and coordinated by the Science Research Policy Unit (SPRU) at the University of Sussex in the United Kingdom and its sister project Deep Transitions coordinated by SPRU and the Centre for Global Challenges of University of Utrecht.TIP refers to a comprehensive approach aimed at driving significant and long-term changes in sociotechnical systems, encompassing institutions, practices, infrastructures, networks, and other elements that underpin the intersection of society and technology. These innovations are designed to not only transform unsustainable production patterns but also promote essential cultural and behavioral shifts.The article focuses on the process of adoption of the transformative STI policy approach and the Sustainable Development Agenda by the National STI governmental agency in El Libro Verde 2030 in 2018. The analysis considers both the vision of a sustainable and inclusive future and transformations in broader institutions, practices, infrastructures, and networks, among other elements that sustain those realms where society and technology are embedded in the Global South (Ordoñez-Matamoros et al., 2021). The authors identify the set of public actions and tools employed to facilitate and mobilize resources toward the creation, diffusion, and utilization of knowledge and innovation, with a focus on achieving long-term sustainability and inclusivity. The case reveals the existence of enablers, barriers, and constraints in its practical implementation in Colombia, as well as the contrast between policy as "political business" and the aspiration of transformative STI to effectively foster major long-term changes in sociotechnical systems.A third contribution from Völker et al. (2023) tackles the problem of translation of the Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI) concept into practice and challenges of innovation governance raised from a territorial perspective. The authors put in value a shift towards evaluative inquiry, moving away from the concept of "implementation" and towards "translation." In this view, RRI is seen as a general principle that must be translated to function effectively and make sense within diverse scales and contexts. It acknowledges that RRI practices and principles need to be adapted and contextualized to suit different situations, rather than assuming a one-size-fits-all approach.Based on the concept of “maintenance” that builds on the "maintenance work" of pre-existing networks, relationships, and repertoires of collaboration, they realize a comparative analysis focusing on various territorial RRI projects situated in three clusters in Lombardy, Catalonia, and Brussels-capital regions. The analysis explores how RRI is translated and implemented, examining the organizational and institutional context that influences their execution through different key approaches: a) Participatory and Deliberative Governance, where RRI is interpreted as modes of governance that emphasize participation and deliberation, aiming for transformative change; b) Citizen Science, where RRI takes the form of citizen science projects, involving citizens in scientific research activities, and c) Participatory Agenda Setting and Citizen Assembly, where RRI is enacted through participatory agenda setting and plans for citizen assemblies.The analysis also delves into the changing concepts of citizenship brought about by these translations, highlighting the challenges and dilemmas associated with them. Additionally, the text underscores the significance of "maintenance" work in innovation discourses and practices, emphasizing that this often overlooked aspect is essential for enabling certain translations of RI. The study shows how contrasting translations of RRI are entwined in different regional clusters, how these innovation ecosystems contribute to shaping the particular translations, and how –in turn– they themselves are reshaped in the process. This perspective allows for a deeper exploration of the diverse conceptualizations of impact by different actors. The paper gives useful insights on processes to find a balance between transformation and maintenance with different methods to strengthen deliberative democracy in the development of territorial innovation strategy.The fourth paper from Özbek et al. (2023) takes a novel approach to examining the use of procurement as a means of governance, focusing on the practical implementation of Public Procurement of Innovation (PPI). They propose a practice-based critique that emphasizes the dynamic and relational aspects of PPI, enabling a critical assessment of the work performed by public buyers to achieve the aims and expectations of public procurement policies and strategies. Drawing on the conceptual framework of constructive market studies by economic sociology and science and technology studies (STS), the authors challenge the notion that economic markets are pre-existing entities. Instead, they view markets as outcomes constructed through various elements such as rules, regulations, technical devices, discourse, and infrastructure. Within this framework, PPI is examined as part of concerned markets, where market components like choice, competition, and price are used as solutions to collective interest issues, particularly in sectors like healthcare. To illustrate their approach, the authors analyze a specific PPI case study involving the procurement of radiation therapy equipment for a university hospital in Stockholm, Sweden. They accentuate the discussion on the little attention paid to procurement-induced innovation and institutionalization of PPI as a complex process involving multiple actors. The study shows the complexities that stem from the particular requirements of the demand and the suppliers, the articulation of different actors’ perspectives, motivations, and practices, the search for consensus and normative alignment around a particular health problem as well as the intended and unintended consequences of PPI—more specifically, different actors’ claims about the value of PPI realized in practice. In doing so, the study overcomes the dominant discourse in the innovation policy literature on PPI and opens up for broader questioning of the potentiality of market-based instruments such as PPI to govern innovation, without delimiting an analysis of its consequences to a simplified dichotomy between success or failure (cf. Aschhoff & Sofka, 2009; Guerzoni & Raiteri, 2015).This case study reveals the extensive efforts made by contracting authorities to implement PPI and highlights the disparities between initial expectations and the actual value of innovation achieved. Additionally, the paper offers a fresh perspective on PPI by focusing on its practical implementation and its impact on innovation governance, contributing to a deeper understanding of the complexities and challenges associated with using procurement as a tool for innovation.In the fifth contribution, Falardeau (2023) considers the influence of historical elements on the governance dynamics of mountain territories and tourism innovation. By presenting a multiple case study of innovation governance in protected areas in three touristic regions (Aspen (United States), Mont-Orford (Canada) and Banff (Canada), the author examines the duality between conservation and development, showing how the territories’ characteristics contribute to or constrain social innovation -as identification of societal needs- and vice versa, how social innovation contributes to territorial dynamics. The paper shows that touristic and protected mountain territories are not “on the fringes” of innovation; rather, their characteristics (rugged relief, relative eccentricity, exceptional character) make them the breeding ground for distinctive social innovation confronted with the leitmotif of innovation “at any cost”, imbued with the prevailing pro-innovation bias.

This study highlights the necessity of controlling the issue of Cybercrime with International Law Principles and treaties, the legal foundation of international cybercrime legislation. The paper pursued normative behavior relying on the legislation of the European Union and countries outside of Europe. The implications of Cybercrime in cyberattack events establish a legal foundation for preventing and punishing cyber criminals wherever they occur. The perceived threats arising from cyberattack activities are grounded in known cyberattack behaviors and literature, underscoring the imminent nature of these threats. The Convention on Cybercrime, inaugurated in Budapest, Hungary, in November 2001, is recognized as a pivotal international agreement addressing Cybercrime and electronic evidence. The negotiation process included the Council of Europe, United States, Japan, Canada, and South African participants. Significantly, nations across Africa, the Americas, and the Asia/Pacific are harnessing this agreement to implement robust strategies against cybercrime. Cybercrime is a new area of international law, namely, International Criminal Law. The international community handles it because no convention has identified Cybercrime globally. It is urgent to govern Cybercrime globally, and statistics imply that the need to regulate Cybercrime under international criminal law is critical. The paper adopts a method designed to deeply understand the global legal structures related to cybercrime. The study employs a comprehensive approach, merging normative legal research to meticulously examine and interpret key legal documents such as the Budapest Convention, with a comparative legal analysis both within the European Union and globally. This analysis scrutinizes various jurisdictions, identifying best practices and discrepancies to inform a holistic understanding of cybercrime regulation. Policy analysis is conducted to critically assess existing strategies and propose innovative solutions, while technological insights are integrated to ensure legal frameworks are attuned to the rapidly evolving landscape of cyber threats. Involving a broad spectrum of stakeholders, including legal scholars and cybersecurity experts, the research offers a diverse perspective. This multifaceted approach aims to balance thorough legal scrutiny with actionable solutions, promoting robust and flexible strategies for international cybercrime regulation. The results of this comprehensive study underscore the urgent need for a global, unified legal response to combat cybercrime effectively. It concludes that the Budapest Convention marks a significant turning point, offering a foundation for international cooperation and legal harmonization in tackling cybercrimes. However, the rapid technological advancements and the evolving sophistication of cyber threats demand that this convention and other international legal instruments adapt and expand accordingly. The study highlights the importance of harmonizing legal definitions and practices across different jurisdictions, both in common law and civil law countries, cybercrime address the borderless nature of cybercrime. The necessity for enhanced collaboration between public and private sectors in cybercrime investigations is emphasized, alongside the importance of establishing ethical data collection and sharing standards.

The article deals with current trends in the global agro-food market, which determine the prospects for increasing domestic export expansion and significant competitive advantages in diversifying the product range in the direction of the creation of food products of final consumption, maximizing the resulting value added. The duality of the perspectives of augmentation of domestic export agricultural productivity at the expense of large agro companies and small forms of management is singled out. The emphasis is on the necessity of implementation of the concept of sustainable development in the domestic agricultural policy. In the projection of the requirements of this Concept, the need for a meaningful analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of large-scale land use, which in the theorized by the predicate "landlordization" is outlined. The author substantiates the theoretical and content content of this definition and expands the subject composition of land relations by the term "landlord". The historical genesis of these concepts and the global causal experience of the existence of the phenomenon of landlordization are analyzed. The legal composition of the landlords spectrum is identified with the domestic practice of forming large agroholding companies. The article describes the activities of domestic landlords and their export potential. The comparative structure of the production of key commodity positions of landlords and households is systematized, where it is determined that the latter provide the production of key food products, which provides a weight for ensuring food security. The dynamics of landlordization in Ukraine, and their subject structure and structure, are analyzed. The insufficient implementation of agrarian potential in relation to the leaders of the world agro-food market, represented by the highest agricultural land plots and the lowest level of GDP per capita and negative trade balance, was established.

In the last two and a half centuries, industrialization, propelled by a catalytic impact of free-market capitalism, has been contributing to prosperity and breaking the limits beyond all imagination that during the history inhibited the development of human potential. Unfortunately, neoliberal capitalism, as the last and most extreme variant of free-market capitalism, has shown some hidden fractures. After the Great Recession of 2008, the problems due to inbuilt fault lines and misconceptions erupted to the surface. Over the last two years, marked by the COVID-19 pandemic, the world economy has been passing through a complex crisis, a crisis within the spectrum of crises. Again, the flip side of a major success proved to be a major failure. The new virus simply magnified and accelerated doom and gloom in the economic system. The major strategic shifts such as climate crisis, structural crisis of capitalism, microbe mutations and superinfections, and, particularly, the Fourth Industrial Revolution, have contributed jointly to the disruption of incumbents in business, regulatory settings and society as a whole. Exponential change is the New Normal. The economic system is simply surrounded with exponentiality. Neoliberal capitalism has definitely hurt sustainability, along with renewability and inclusivity, of the global economic system and the entire planet. In a time of the explosion of systemic, climate and biological risks, a delicate and subtle issue has emerged as to how to adjust the existing system to exponential change conceptually, financially and operationally. In fact, the current economic system is not able to adequately respond to exponential challenges by transforming threats into opportunities. In times of the climate crisis, the pandemic is just the tip of the iceberg which, by the way, is melting away. The COVID-19 is not a perpetual virus. Someday the pandemic will end. In fact, the transition from pandemic to endemic is imminent. Accordingly, in the post-pandemic world key performance will be the capacity of a new economic system to respond positively to ever-increasing old challenges, in particular to the climate emergency and related issues. So, the green transition is an imperative of modern Economics. At the start of the pandemic, most governments relied on expansionary monetary and fiscal policies with the aim of relaxing the "fear of fear" (unspent savings and pent-up demand). During the crisis money pumping was about US$ 13 trillion on a global level. The continuation of this policy has pushed the world economy into an unstable mode because it leads to an increase in aggregate demand that largely exceeds the supply level, drives wage-price spirals and deepens other structural imbalances. In the context of extremely low or even negative interest rates, economic agents take an extra high credit risk and the state takes an unmanageable sovereign risk. Consequently, today's debt in many core economies is substantially higher than in any previous stagflation episode. When the inflation risk premium pushes interest rate hikes, public and private agents with an increasing debt burden and lower earnings face insolvency threat due to such a hawkish turn. Among many negative scenarios, overheating and stagflation followed by growing indebtedness are the most dangerous outcomes. Given today's ultra-loose and even costly anti-crisis core economic policies, the confidence in the "invisible hand" of the market and unconventional and experimental economic policies, praised by mainstream economists as a panacea for all imbalances, has definitely disappeared and may be easily turned into a pipe dream everywhere. There is not much time to respond to the New Normal. Humanity has less than a decade left until climate change becomes irreversible. The response should be prompt, comprehensive and compatible with exponential change. So, mitigation of a complex crisis requires the consideration of more radical ideas. Without a paradigm change, the economy will not be able to resolve the current crisis and work in a sustainable and inclusive way for the sake of people and nature in a rapidly changing context of the New Normal. Every crisis is a catalyst for change. To reimagine the economy, apart from the shift to the circular model of growth and heterodox economic policy platform, public governance must change, too. Moreover, to take advantage of the leading trends, the economic system must follow substantially different economics rules in many fundamental aspects. In an emerging system, the government and basic economic agents will work symbiotically with the aim of serving nature and human needs through industrial policies and impact investments, devoting concerted efforts to coordination and fostering experimentation on all levels. Automatic macroeconomic stabilizers will play the role of a liaison between structural and core economic policies by maintaining a sustainable balance between private and public sectors. In Industry 4.0, governance should also respect the sustainable development goals, as well as environmental, social and governance metrics arising from mission-oriented governance or Governance 4.0. The aforementioned does not mean that after the paradigm change we will have a new precisely defined blueprint that will tell us in detail what to do. Economics is not big science, but a social or contextual science. In the age of Industry 4.0 characterized by endless innovative amalgams arising from the intersection of breakthroughs in AI, robotics, and life science, Economics can treat the economic system only as a nonlinear one. So, what the paradigm shift brings to the emerging contours of new Economics is not a new theory, but the nexus of new rules we can follow in the context of exponential change. The purpose of this paper is not to endorse, but to discuss the subject from the title with a special focus on Serbia. Our intention is just to provide the overview of emerging intellectual trajectories relevant to the current crisis mitigation and to sketch out the nexus of economics rules that will pave the way for a resilient, sustainable and inclusive economy. A common concern is related to the circular economy growth model and heterodox economic policy platform because both elements are able to address the key pressing issues in times of exponential change. Bearing in mind that Serbia does not have a significant fiscal space or fully convertible currency, on the one hand, and the lack of retained earnings in the private sector and valuesubtracted public sector, on the other, the key issue for Serbia's future strategy is going to be fixing the green transition finance. The paper is structured in four parts, except Introduction and Conclusion. In the first part we review the neoliberal economics rules and associated policies as well as the unconventional policies that were intended to address the challenges brought by the Great Recession of 2008. In the second part we point to the fallacies and contradictions of the experimental policies measures implemented during the COVID-19 crisis and call for a turnaround in the economic system. The contours of a new economic system based on a completely different nexus of economics rules and policies arising from the circular economy growth model and heterodox economic policy platform are described in the third part. Finally, in the fourth part we portray the key macroeconomic trends in Serbia's economy in 2021 and identify the areas that need restructuring in order to be ready for a transition toward a climate-minded and health-minded economy.

In the sphere of healthcare, health informatics is playing a transformative role by leveraging technology to optimize care delivery. The prowess of professionals in this domain holds utmost significance for advancement and efficiency within our healthcare system. This thought-provoking qualitative study delves into Human Resource Development (HRD) strategies specifically for individuals working within health informatics, aiming to foster a skilled workforce poised to drive progress in medical technologies. A meticulous review was conducted on related studies along with successful case examples, which essentially traced crucial developments and patterns unfolding in HRD practices across the field's spectrum. A myriad array of HRcentric methodologies were uncovered that revolve around forging interdisciplinary collaborations among employees while putting patients' needs at focus during training programs – revealing an urgent need for adaptive skills accordant with incessantly evolving technology trends. Contrariwise significant obstacles remain stifling sustained competency building over longer timelines. Accordingly it becomes mission-critical importance now more than ever before; concerted efforts towards curating custom-made multidisciplinary course offerings akin aligned environments fostering lifelong learning attitudes must be established - coupled alongside setting up statutory frameworks safeguarding such developmental endeavours accompanied by necessary funding incentives aimed explicitly towards nurturing patient-focused training modules abetting tech-geared educational solutions ultimately paving way ahead{New Chapter}. The implications arising from these insightful measures extend beyond providing comprehensive blueprints targeted primarily benefiting not solely hospital systems but also policy-shapers educators together intending make real-time positive impacts most importantly practitioners always progressing efficiently navigating through constantly morphing technological topographies operative presently encompassed under varied ambit existing healthcare spectra {new para chapter section}. Final summary consider single out ability promote upliftment standard clinical outcomes proving substantially when paying heed wisely constructed carefully chosen advised strategic advise pointers presented as part research findings detailing studious work done extensive topic concerning manifold facets trajectory development human resources particularly matter specific areas hand area interest explored here global point view universal perspective

Purpose This paper aims to contribute to adaptation research by devising a systematic method for examining the challenges in mainstreaming climate change adaptation (CCA) into local land use planning. It argues that mainstreaming operationalization necessitates a methodology that focuses on the challenges in applying the approach and an analytical framework that can examine the mainstreaming process from an institutional perspective. Design/methodology/approach This paper applied triangulation by data method (i.e. document review, interview, survey and key informant consultations) and incorporated the scorecard approach in developing the four-stage mixed methodology. It used a modified Institutional Analysis and Development framework as primary analytical guide and applied the case study methodology for structure and focus in relation to data collection activities. Findings This paper devised the four-stage mixed methodology and successfully applied it in examining the challenges in mainstreaming CCA into local land use planning in Albay, Philippines. Using the methodology, this paper developed 20 quantitative “mainstreaming indicators” and generated qualitative analyses to assess the state of play of the challenges in local mainstreaming of CCA. Results suggest that mainstreaming challenges exist within a certain spectrum, with one end composed of barriers to, and the other, opportunities for CCA. Furthermore, the challenges occur at varying degrees of severity depending on the conditions that surround them. Research limitations/implications This paper is limited to illustrating the process involved in developing the four-stage mixed methodology and presents only a brief discussion of the quantitative and qualitative results. Practical implications Although the methodology is at its initial stages of development, it generated results that can help analysts, planners and decision-makers: determine the nature of the challenges in mainstreaming CCA, thereby understand the mainstreaming process; prioritize the mainstreaming challenges to address; and design strategies that will maximize the use of limited resources (i.e. utilizing the opportunities to overcome the existing barriers), among others. Originality/value The four-stage mixed methodology was developed to aid analysts, planners and decision-makers determine the state-of-play of the challenges in mainstreaming CCA and make informed decisions in overcoming these challenges. Thus, the mixed method can be a useful tool in advancing the operationalization of the mainstreaming approach.

Objective. In the conditions of challenges to the existence of Ukraine as a state and the need to reform almost all spheres of life in Ukraine, the public danger of corruption offenses cause contempt and mutual distrust of people and power structures, which poses a threat to the national security of Ukraine and makes it impossible to develop a dialogue regarding the necessary measures to modernize social relations on the way of European integration of Ukraine. This requires a systematic analysis of the state of implementation of the anti-corruption policy in Ukraine and justification of the ways of fighting against corruption in the war conditions and in the post-war period. Methods. The following methods of scientific research were used: methods of analysis, synthesis and formalization; system-structural analysis; abstract-logical method for making theoretical generalizations and formulating of research conclusions. Results. Despite the fact that over the last decade, Ukraine has risen in the rating of corruption perceptions (Corruption Perceptions Index), calculated by the experts of Transparency International, due to declarative actions to build an anti-corruption system, it remains the second most corrupt country in Europe after the state sponsor of terrorism � the Russian Federation. The high level of corruption in the daily life of Ukrainian society, business, public administration and politicians questions the perspectives of Ukraine's post-war reconstruction, because the increasing competitiveness and maintaining competitive advantages largely depends on the effectiveness of the used organizational mechanism for managing the country's global competitiveness. Scientific novelty. As a result of insufficient attention of civil society to corruption during the Russian-Ukrainian war, the level and the spectrum of corruption risks in Ukraine is increasing, and such processes entail the problems of the appearance of additional corruption risks after the end of war, which can be summarized in the following directions: problems of effective implementation of reconstruction programs, growth of the political weight of public administration institutions and their capture of the most part of information space, non-transparent distribution of humanitarian aid, lack of political will, established models of pre-war and wartime corruption, weak rule of law and tolerant attitude of Ukrainian society to manifestations of corruption. Practical significance. From the point of view of the growth of corruption risks with the beginning of the active phase of the Russian-Ukrainian war, as evidenced by corruption scandals in the Office of the President of Ukraine, the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine, the Ministry for Communities, Territories and Infrastructure Development of Ukraine and a number of regional state administrations, the repressive side of anti-corruption policy should be significantly strengthened. It is expedient for Ukraine to focus its main attention on the creation of a reliable infrastructure for the effective distribution and use of foreign aid for those layers of the population and military forces that need it most of all. Keywords: public administration; local-self government; anti-corruption policy; corruption; Index of perception of corruption; anti-corruption institutions.

The global humanitarian architecture has undergone changes influenced by a broad spectrum of problems, emergencies, and both man-made and natural disasters. One of the trends in its development is the activation of non-Western actors contributing substantially to expanding the tools of humanitarian diplomatic practice. Modern crisis phenomena in world politics have underscored the need for the scientific community to revise basic approaches and conceptual frameworks of international humanitarian cooperation. One such attempt is the collective monograph “Humanitarian diplomacy: Civilizational and national models”, prepared under the leadership of Professor Olga Bogatyreva, which serves as a continuation of the book published in 2021. This article provides a critical analysis the main provisions of the monograph and reveals two perspectives on studying modern models of humanitarian diplomacy. On the one hand, the authors examine them through the prism of the multi-level structure of diplomatic practice. On the other hand, they strive to go beyond traditional research optics, highlighting and analyzing the civilizational a spects of humanitarian diplomacy. The book under review attempts to characterize the structure of humanitarian diplomacy in the Mediterranean region, Latin America and the Caribbean, and to identify the main actors and key areas of humanitarian action. One of the chapters discusses China’s national model. The authors of the monograph conclude that national and civilizational models of humanitarian diplomacy are shaped by a complex of factors: firstly, historical, cultural, political, legal, economic principles, and traditions; secondly, the existing structure of providing humanitarian assistance in a specific region and national concepts of humanitarian policy.

Abstract The incidence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is rising in prevalence worldwide. In order to provide appropriate assessment and treatment practices, it is essential to examine the governmental influence and family perspectives concerning this disorder. Results of qualitative and quantitative studies provide salient information for implementing effective and culturally appropriate assessment and treatment practices for children with an ASD diagnosis. Speech-language pathologists and audiologists should promote and support efforts that will increase the global public's awareness of the disorder, collaborative research efforts, and the development of culturally appropriate assessment and service.

Human existence and progress hinge on sustainability and resilience, especially in the Anthropocene Era, where the diversity of nature plays a critical role. Central to this endeavor is the realm of geoethics, which not only reshapes the role of geosciences but also fosters the development of ethical behavior and practices in our interaction with the Earth. This paper presents a conceptual framework that integrates the seemingly disparate domains of geoethics, geoenvironmental education, and the sense of place. By conducting a systematic review using the keywords “Geoethics AND Education” and “Geoethics AND place” across global databases, including Scopus, Web of Science, ProQuest, and JSTOR, up to October 2023, we seek to uncover evidence illuminating the potential connections between these concepts. Out of n = 98 records identified, n = 22 met the eligibility criteria for inclusion in our review. Our findings reveal a growing scientific interest in the spectrum of geoethics over the last decade, with diverse perspectives related to concerns about geoeducation. We propose that future research should focus on expanding the scope of geoethics across various disciplines, emphasizing the importance of human ethos, socio-eco responsibility, and ethical considerations in geological heritage and geoconservation management. Geoenvironmental education emerges as a crucial avenue for advancing geoethics, while the multifaceted outcome of the sense of place offers a promising pathway for standardizing and correlating these fields effectively.

Resumen El presente articulo es resultado de una revisión amplia y exhaustiva de los asuntos militares en los últimos 50 años, incluyendo el documento conceptual del Comando Conjunto de Estados Unidos (Joint, 1998 y 2000). La política de dominación de espectro completo –que resume experiencias, objetivos, riesgos, capacidades y saberes, todos encaminados al rediseño de las rutas, mecanismos y variantes de la consolidación de Estados Unidos como el líder indispensable, como la potencia hegemónica indiscutible- considera el momento actual como de oportunidad histórica -en buena medida por el colapso del campo socialista-, en el que Estados Unidos tiene la posibilidad y las condiciones para constituirse cabalmente en líder planetario y anuncia su correspondiente plan estratégico. El lector encontrará elementos para una mirada de los nuevos posicionamientos geopolíticos de la hegemonía estadunidense en el continente americano, base de soporte del control y dominación de los espacios en escala global.Palabras claveDominación de espectro completo, geopolítica latino-americana, hegemonía estadunidense. ---O presente artigo é resultado de uma ampla e exaustiva revisão dos assuntos militares nos últimos 50 anos, incluindo o documento conceitual do Comando Conjunto dos Estados Unidos (Joint, 1998 e 2000). A política de dominação de espectro completo -que resume experiencias, objetivos, riscos, capacidades e saberes, todos encaminhados para o redesenho das rotas, mecanismos e variantes da consolidação dos Estados Unidos como líder indispensável, como a potência hegemônica indiscutível- considera o momento atual como de oportunidade histórica -em boa medida pelo colapso do campo socialista-, no qual os Estados Unidos têm a possibilidade e as condições para constituir-se cabalmente em líder planetário e anuncia seu plano estratégico correspondente. O leitor encontrará elementos para um olhar sobre os novos posicionamentos geopolíticos da hegemonia estadunidense no continente americano, base de suporte do controle e dominação dos espaços em escala global. Palavras chaveDominação de espectro completo, geopolítica latino-americana, hegemonia estadunidense. ---AbstractThis article is the result of an extensive and thorough review of military affairs in the last 50 years, including the concept paper of the Unified Combatant Command of the United States (Joint, 1998 and 2000). The complete policy of domination - which summarizes experiences, objectives, risks, abilities and knowledge, all referring to the redesign of routes, mechanisms and variants of the US' consolidation as an indispensable leader, as the indisputable hegemonic power - sees the present moment as a historical opportunity - largely due to the collapse of the socialist bloc - in which the United States has the possibility and the conditions to be fully set up as the world's leader and announces its corresponding strategic plan. The reader will find a tentative perspective of the new geopolitical positions of US hegemony in the Americas, a supporting base of the control and domination of the spaces on a global scale.Keywords Full spectrum domination, Latin American geopolitics, US hegemony

The growing awareness of environmental issues and the pursuit of sustainable materials have sparked a substantial surge in research focused on biodegradable materials, including fibers. Within a spectrum of fabrication techniques, melt-spinning has emerged as an eco-friendly and scalable method for making fibers from biodegradable plastics (preferably bio-based), intended for various applications. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the advancements in the realm of melt-spun biodegradable fibers. It delves into global concerns related to micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs) and introduces the concept of biodegradable fibers. The literature review on melt-spun biodegradable monofilaments and multifilaments unveils a diverse range of polymers and copolymers that have been subjected to testing and characterization for their processing capabilities and the performance of the resultant fibers, particularly from mechanical, thermal, and biodegradation perspectives. The paper discusses the impact of different factors such as polymer structure, processing parameters, and environmental conditions on the ultimate properties, encompassing spinnability, mechanical and thermal performance, and biodegradation, with schematic correlations provided. Additionally, the manuscript touches upon applications in sectors such as clothing, technical textiles, agriculture, biomedical applications, and environmental remediation. It also spotlights the challenges encountered in the commercialization of these fibers, addresses potential solutions, and outlines future prospects. Finally, by shedding light on the latest developments, challenges, and opportunities in the field, this review endeavors to stimulate further innovation and adoption of biodegradable fibers. It seeks to unlock their potential and contribute to the realization of a more environmentally conscious society.

Oceanic islands contribute disproportionately to global biodiversity and contain many endemic species carrying unique evolutionary and functional adaptations that reflect life in isolation (Schrader et al. 2024). For instance, islands that are part of the European Union contribute significantly to the biodiversity of the EU and are thus essential for reaching European and global biodiversity targets. To give an example, the Canary Islands, representing only 1.5% of Spain's land area, are home to 50% of its endemic species (Petit and Prudent 2010). Regrettably, islands are also epicenters of biodiversity change, particularly vulnerable to anthropogenic disturbances such as the introduction of non-native species, habitat loss, and climate change (Harter et al. 2015, Fernández-Palacios et al. 2021, Dawson et al. 2017, Bellard et al. 2017). Islands contain the majority of documented species extinctions and threatened species (Fernández-Palacios et al. 2021). Because of their biological uniqueness and high vulnerability, powerful monitoring tools are needed to inform conservation and restoration initiatives, ecosystem managers, policy-makers, and other stakeholders about the status and trends of biodiversity.Thus, in BioMonI, we are building the foundations for a global, long-term, easily accessible monitoring network tailored explicitly to the pressing needs of biodiversity conservation and monitoring on islands. This effort aligns with the concept of Essential Biodiversity Variables (EBVs) developed by the Group on Earth Observations Biodiversity Observation Network (GEO BON) to offer a standardized framework for tracking biodiversity change across spatial and temporal scales. Specifically, in BioMonI, we are:elucidating spatiotemporal biodiversity trends (e.g. Borges (2025)), including elusive dimensions of biodiversity, broadening the spectrum of monitoring and conservation by integrating evolutionary and functional perspectives;mobilizing existing monitoring data, identifying gaps, co-designing work-flows to strengthen (existing) monitoring efforts,developing a harmonized monitoring scheme,and working to make monitoring information easily accessible across archipelagos for stakeholders including researchers, citizen scientists, conservation managers, (non-)governmental organizations and public institutions.To do that, we are reviewing current and past global monitoring schemes on islands (e.g. Borges et al. (2018)); leveraging long-term palaeoecological investigation of natural archives; integrating emerging genetic monitoring tools; assembling BioMonI-Plot, a vegetation plot network to understand biodiversity and ecosystem change; providing biodiversity informatics and developing e-infrastructures; and scaling up the monitoring of biodiversity and ecosystem structure and functioning using remote sensing, macroecological modeling, and future scenarios.The BioMonI team includes Holger Kreft, Nathaly Guerrero, and Wolf Wildpret at the University of Göttingen (Germany), Bernd Lenzner, Franz Essl, and Fabio Mologni at the University of Vienna (Austria), Paulo A. V. Borges, Rosalina Gabriel, Leila Morgado, and Rui Bentos Elias at the University of the Azores (Portugal), Lea de Nascimento, José Maria Fernández-Palacios, and Rüdiger Otto at the University of La Laguna (Spain), Clara Zemp, Samantha Suter, Vladimir Wingate, and Giorgia Camperio at the University of Neuchâtel (Switzerland), Claudine Ah-Peng and Dominique Strasberg at the University of La Réunion (France), Jairo Patiño and Brent Emerson at the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC, Spain) and Patrick Weigelt at Radboud University (Netherlands).