To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Global spread.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Global spread'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 38 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Global spread.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Venkatachalam, Sangeeta. "Modeling Infectious Disease Spread Using Global Stochastic Field Simulation." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2006. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5335/.
Full textAbstract:
Susceptibles-infectives-removals (SIR) and its derivatives are the classic mathematical models for the study of infectious diseases in epidemiology. In order to model and simulate epidemics of an infectious disease, a global stochastic field simulation paradigm (GSFS) is proposed, which incorporates geographic and demographic based interactions. The interaction measure between regions is a function of population density and geographical distance, and has been extended to include demographic and migratory constraints. The progression of diseases using GSFS is analyzed, and similar behavior to the SIR model is exhibited by GSFS, using the geographic information systems (GIS) gravity model for interactions. The limitations of the SIR and similar models of homogeneous population with uniform mixing are addressed by the GSFS model. The GSFS model is oriented to heterogeneous population, and can incorporate interactions based on geography, demography, environment and migration patterns. The progression of diseases can be modeled at higher levels of fidelity using the GSFS model, and facilitates optimal deployment of public health resources for prevention, control and surveillance of infectious diseases.
2
Dillon, Michael R. "Wahhabism is it a factor in the spread of global terrorism?" Thesis, Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 2009. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2009/Sep/09Sep_Dillon.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Middle East, Southwest Asia, Africa))--Naval Postgraduate School, September 2009.<br>Thesis Advisor(s): Kadhim, Abbas ; Hafez, Mohammed. "September 2009." Description based on title screen as viewed on November 9, 2009. Author(s) subject terms: Wahhabism, Saudi Arabia, terrorism, Jihad, Jihadism, Salafism, Islamism. Includes bibliographical references (p. 79-80). Also available in print.
3
Cox, Howard T. "The global cigarette : B.A.T. and the spread of international business before 1939." Thesis, Birkbeck (University of London), 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.337452.
Full text
4
Bhanot, Sunil. "Implementation and optimization of a Global Navigation Satellite System software radio." Ohio : Ohio University, 1998. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1176840392.
Full text
5
Nguyen, Thi Kim Khanh. "How a global trend is translated into a local context. The spread of MOOCs into Swedish universities." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-388578.
Full textAbstract:
Despite the fact that Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) have been seen as a new global education phenomenon over the last decade, MOOCs are still in the early stage of its development in Sweden. MOOCs are being adopted into the Swedish context through the application of translation theory. This process of translation has been a slow process in Sweden. The aim of this thesis is to describe how a global idea is translated to Swedish context, and explore the reasons behind the slow pace of that process in that country, thus contributing to empirical research of the role of actors in the process of translating an idea. Why and how does a university respond to an emerging global idea? In the process of translating and spreading the MOOCs phenomenon at Swedish HEIs, what has been the role of various actors, and their activities involved in this process? Qualitative research is based on one case study, with abductive reasoning. The translation of MOOC in Sweden is an active, complicated process, and involves a number of actors such as professors, researchers, government, education authorities and students whose activities actively edit, contextualize, and circulate the concept of MOOCs into Swedish HEIs. The findings indicate that the translation process is still slow and undirected due to the lack of support for management and leadership at all levels. However, indicators are that MOOCs will eventually be fully implemented at Swedish Higher Education Institutions, and will be developed as a national platform in Sweden.
6
Tzan, Douglas D. ""Root hog or die": William Taylor, entrepreneurial self-sufficiency, and the global spread of American frontier Christianity." Thesis, Boston University, 2013. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/12866.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Boston University
PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.<br>This dissertation offers a close study of American frontier Christianity and its exportation abroad through the career of William Taylor (1821-1902), a Methodist preacher, missionary, author, evangelist, mission promoter, and bishop. In the nineteenth century, a populist Christianity took shape on the expanding American rural frontier. It embraced the religious experiences and energy of ordinary people, was·used to challenge the authority of elites, and created powe1ful new religious leaders. Through revivalism it mobilized its adherents to adopt new forms of organization. Entrepreneurial self- sufficiency, exemplified in the frontier idiom "root hog or die," was valued.
In the late nineteenth century, increased global travel and British imperial expansion created new settings similar to those on the American frontier. Taylor's introduction of American frontier Christianity to six continents is reconstructed through historical analysis of newspapers, books, correspondence, and memoirs. He was among the first Protestant missionaries in California and preceded the Reconstruction-era flood of Americans into Palestine. Taylor was the first of a wave of international evangelists to tour Australasia. His introduction of American revivalism played a catalytic role in the South African Revival of 1866. In India, Taylor organized churches among a marginalized population that other Christian missionaries had disregarded. In postwar America, he led a grass-roots missionary movement to challenge his church's leadership. Taylor began missions in South America at a time when liberal political regimes opened the social space necessary for new Protestant missions. He took advantage of European exploration to pioneer new missions in Central Africa.
Analysis of Taylor's career reveals a complex interplay between religious belief and social context. Taylor fused his frontier Christianity, a theology informed by the nineteenth century American holiness movement, and his global encounters with different cultures, languages, and religions into a novel and influential theory for Christian mission. In multiple settings, people who already identified themselves as Christians, but for whom that identity had weakened due to migration, social disruption, or marginalization, were most receptive to Taylor's populist, entrepreneurial, and voluntarist style of frontier Christianity.
7
Cordel, Anne-Sophie. "La diffusion de l'anglais dans le monde : le cas de Algérie." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENL028/document.
Full textAbstract:
La diffusion de l'anglais peut être associée à de nombreux facteurs historiques mais elle relève aussi de la rencontre de la langue avec des phénomènes mondiaux. Ainsi, l'anglais a acquis un statut de langue globale sans précédent. Les évolutions de la configuration linguistique mondiale soulèvent de nombreuses questions sur l'avenir des langues en général et celui de l'anglais en particulier. La diffusion de l'anglais dans le monde n'est pas un phénomène homogène et elle relève de processus complexes générés par la rencontre de la dimension globale et locale. La thèse soutenue prend appui sur cet aspect fondamental pour montrer, à travers le cas de l'Algérie, que la diffusion de l'anglais dépend de la configuration sociolinguistique de son environnement d'implantation d'un point de vue quantitatif et qualitatif. L'environnement algérien compte deux langues d'envergure internationale - l'arabe et le français - qui jouent un rôle important dans la distribution des langues au niveau national. Par ailleurs, l'histoire de l'Algérie, son héritage colonial et les politiques d'arabisation appliquées dans le pays ont forgé une culture linguistique qui influence la dimension symbolique de la diffusion de l'anglais dans le contexte algérien. Une enquête de terrain menée dans les universités d'Oran et de Mascara a permis d'évaluer les attitudes linguistiques d'un groupe d'étudiants et de montrer que la langue globale n'est pas dénuée d'une certaine valeur symbolique qui favorise sa diffusion<br>The spread of English can be associated with many historical factors, but it also finds its roots in the meeting of the language with global phenomena. Thus, English has become a global language with an unprecedented status. The modern developments in the global linguistic situation raise many questions about the future of languages in general and English in particular. The spread of English in the world is not a homogeneous phenomenon and falls within complex processes generated by the meeting of the global and local dimensions. The present thesis relies on this fundamental aspect to show, through the case of Algeria, that the spread of English depends on the sociolinguistic environment in which it is implemented, from a quantitative and qualitative perspective. The Algerian environment has two major international languages - Arabic and French - that play an important role in the distribution of languages at a national level. Moreover, the history of Algeria, its colonial heritage and the language policies in the country have forged a linguistic culture that influences the symbolic dimension of the spread of English in the Algerian context. A fieldwork conducted in universities of Oran and Mascara enabled to assess the languistic attitudes of a group of students and show that the global language is not devoid of a symbolic value that favors its spread
8
Janne, Odile E. M. "The changing geographical spread of corporate technological activity in Europe : the dynamics of corporate technological strategies and the hierarchy of innovative centres." Thesis, University of Reading, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.343345.
Full text
9
Videnova, Mila, and Jana Videnova. "The Spread of the Global Financial Crisis to Sweden : Investigating the co-movement between two international stock indices." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Economics, Finance and Statistics, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-21430.
Full text
10
Palmer, Ann Marie. "Muslim cultures and the Walt Disney World theme parks the spread of religious perceptions in a global market /." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0025036.
Full text
11
Келер, Е., Т. Діц, and Т. В. Процик. "Causes for the spread of the global financial crisis and tools for fighting it - Differences and similarities between Eastern and Western countries." Thesis, Українська академія банківської справи Національного банку України, 2009. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/59881.
Full textAbstract:
Те, що розпочалося як так звана криза субстандартного ризику в липні 2007 року, становить лише 18 місяців
стати найбільшою кризою фінансового ринку після Великої депресії. В жовтні
2008 Міжнародний валютний фонд (МВФ) оцінив потенційний глобальний
збитки, спричинені цією кризою, приблизно в 1,4 трильйони доларів США<br>What started as the so-called subprime crisis in July 2007 has in only 18 months
become the biggest financial market crisis since the Great depression. In October
2008 the International Monetary Fund (IMF) has estimated the potential global
losses caused by this crisis at approximately 1,4 Trillion US Dollars
12
Ngamije, James. "The effect of the growth in global tourism development in Cape Town on health promotion with specific reference to the spread of HIV/AIDS." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/792.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis presented in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree:
Master of Technology Environmental Health
Department of Environmental and Occupational Studies
Faculty of Applied Sciences at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology
Cape Peninsula University of Technology
2014<br>International Tourism development has been given a positive image as a tool to pro-mote development in the world of the poor, and an important tool for response in achieving the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) by 2015 placing health at the heart of poverty alleviation. International tourism development is not only a sector that fit the applicability of international development theory but is also often voiced and enthusiastically supported. As an economic development industry, international tourism development has been a choice for many of the poorest countries in the world as it is supported by international institutions such as the United Nations and World Bank to address the notions of inequalities and poverty reduction alongside environmental considerations. In addition, tourism is perceived to pull wealth from rich countries into the world of the poor with a high potential to trickle down to the vil-lages and the poorest communities. However, the evidence that international tourism development can benefit the poor on grassroots level is difficult to prove because no data in this regard is available. Given the fact that the time stipulated to complete the noble goals of MDGs is very near, this study intends to ask: to what extent is health and sustainable tourism development applicable in Africa? And a number of ques-tions arise that this thesis, in a broad sense seeks to address. What are barriers to the contribution of the international tourism development in less developed countries (LDCs)? To which context of international development theories, is international tour-ism development positioned with relationship to economic growth, equitable distribu-tion of profits, and sustainable development and health? And who are ultimately the beneficiaries of international tourism development? For the most part, the contribu-tion of this research project deals critically with tourism opportunities and risks related to community health. The focus is on tourism development and inequality, poverty alleviation alongside environmental consideration, reducing gender inequality and exploitation, HIV/AIDS and promoting sustainable tourism development and health, to mention few. This research project aims to presents an important contribution to the debate regarding the relationship between international tourism development in the world of the poor such as Africa in the age of global political economy or free trade, and the high prevalence of HIV/AIDS. This research investigates current international development approaches that offer new and exciting insights. However, there is a need for further critical analysis of the complex dynamics on the effects of interna-tional tourism development throughout the sequence of international development iii
theories in developing countries, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa. It seems that in the absence of a moral responsibility and collaboration of all stakeholders in promot-ing equity in tourism benefits, opportunities offered for sustainable tourism develop-ment and health will not materialize. The policy maker in tourism planning in develop-ing countries who are now asked to be more responsible to a broader set of econom-ic and social needs in developing countries are concerned about planning for desira-ble economic benefits as well as social and cultural impacts. Tackling issues from ethnological perspectives, advocators for sustainable tourism development in the world of the poor such as United Nations World Tourism Organisation (UNWTO) and World Bank advocate socially responsible and sustainable tourism development and health in accordance to the decided upon MGDs. From analysis of the opportunities and risks related to integrating international tourism development as a panacea led the researcher interest in testing how small state grapple with the dilemma of tourism development and community health. This study combined two approaches, namely the (i) human security threats and (ii) the use of Clive Thomas’ four prong typology as well as using Cape Town as a case study to meet this objective.
13
Fontanilla, Ian Kendrich C. "Achatina (Lissachatina) fulica Bowdich : its molecular phylogeny, genetic variation in global populations, and its possible role in the spread of the rat lungworm Angiostrongylus cantonensis (CHEN)." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2010. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/11069/.
Full textAbstract:
The Giant African Snail, Achatina (Lissachatina) fulica Bowdich, is a tropical crop pest species with a widespread distribution across East Africa, the Indian subcontinent, Southeast Asia, the Pacific and the Caribbean. It is also a known intermediate host of the rat lungworm, Angiostrongylus cantonensis, which can infect humans and cause eosinophilic meningitis. The phylogenetic position of A. fulica within the Achatinoidea and the Achatinidae was investigated using segments of the nuclear ribosomal (r) RNA cluster, actin and histone 3 genes and the mitochondrial CO1 and 16S rRNA genes. Results from molecular data support the monophyly of the Achatinidae based on the taxa surveyed as well as the morphological distinction of the Eastern Achatina (Lissachatina) from the Western and Central Achatina (Achatina); Lissachatina should therefore be elevated to genus status. The results also show non-monophyly of the Coeliaxidae, Ferussaciidae and Subulinidae; the taxonomy of these families must therefore be reassessed. The extent of genetic diversity in global A. fulica populations was also determined using an SSCP molecular marker developed from the 16S rRNA gene. Results reveal only one haplotype (C) emerged from East Africa and spread globally. The rat lungworm (Angiostrongylus cantonensis) has a parallel distribution with A. fulica, and the possible role of the snail in the spread of the parasite is investigated using a molecular marker derived from the small subunit (SSU) rRNA gene. A survey of the parasite within the route of dispersal of A. fulica detected A. cantonensis only in the Philippines and the French Polynesian territory of Tahiti, the latter of which being the first reported case of A. cantonensis infection for Achatina fulica in that territory. Due to the limited sampling of the snail and the patchy distribution of the parasite, there are insufficient data at this time to assess the role of Achatina fulica in the spread of Angiostrongylus cantonensis.
14
Bonacina, Francesco. "Advanced Statistical Approaches for the Global Analysis of Influenza Virus Circulation." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024SORUS213.
Full textAbstract:
De multiples types et sous-types de virus de la grippe co-circulent dans le monde, avec une dynamique caractérisée par des épidémies annuelles et des changements exceptionnels dus à des événements épidémiologiques majeurs. Cette thèse développe des outils statistiques pour étudier certains aspects clés de cette dynamique ponctuée, pro-posant des approches non conventionnelles en épidémiologie. Les analyses sont basées sur les données de FluNet, un jeu de données fourni par l'Organisation mondiale de la santé qui comprend des comptages hebdomadaires d'échantillons de grippe provenant de plus de 150 pays, catégorisés par type et sous-type. Les deux premiers projets de recherche inclus dans la thèse sont axés sur l'application, tandis que la troisième étude est orientée vers la théorie, bien qu'elle comprenne une application aux données de surveillance de la grippe humaine. La première étude examine le déclin de la grippe pendant la pandémie COVID-19, en évaluant l'ampleur du déclin et en utilisant des techniques basées sur des arbres de régression pour identifier les facteurs associés à ce déclin au niveau des pays. La deuxième étude examine la dynamique couplée des (sous-)types de grippe, en se concentrant sur leur abondance relative dans chaque pays et chaque année, par le biais de l'analyse des données de composition. Elle dé-montre l'évolution du mélange des (sous-)types au cours de la pandémie COVID-19 et développe des algorithmes de prévision probabiliste pour prédire la composition des(sous-)types un an à l'avance. La troisième étude formule un modèle de copule conditionnelle pour décrire les dépendances de données multivariées nettes de certaines covariables. La consistance asymptotique du modèle est ensuite étudiée. Enfin, le modèle est utilisé pour classer les pays et les années caractérisés par des dépendances similaires dans les proportions relatives des (sous-)types de grippe<br>The mitigation of human Influenza remains a challenge due to the complexities characterizing its spread. Multiple types and subtypes of influenza viruses co-circulate glob-ally, with a dynamic characterized by annual epidemics and occasional shifts due tomajor epidemiological events. This thesis develops statistical tools to study some keyaspects of influenza spatiotemporal ecological dynamics, proposing unconventionalapproaches in epidemiology. The analyses are based on data from FluNet, a com-prehensive dataset provided by the World Health Organization that includes weeklycounts of influenza samples from over 150 countries, categorized by type and subtype.The first two research projects included in the thesis have an applied focus, while thethird study is theoretically oriented, although it includes an application to influenzasurveillance data. The first study examines the decline of influenza during the COVID-19 pandemic, assessing the magnitude of the decline by country globally and usingregression tree-based techniques to identify country-level factors associated with thedecline. The second study examines the coupled dynamics of influenza (sub)types,focusing on their relative abundance across countries and years through the lens ofCompositional Data Analysis. It provides evidence of the changes in (sub)type mixingduring the COVID-19 pandemic and develops probabilistic forecasting algorithms topredict (sub)type composition one year in advance. The third study formulates a con-ditional copula model to describe the dependencies of multivariate data conditionallyupon certain covariates. The asymptotic consistency of the model is then investigated.Finally, the model is used to classify countries and years characterized by similar de-pendencies in the relative abundances of influenza (sub)types
15
Louber, Ismael. "The global spread of English and the teaching of English as a Foreign Language : perspectives from Western Muslim teachers of English as a Foreign Language in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/19880.
Full textAbstract:
The global spread of English and the role played by TEFL in this phenomenon is a subject of debate among EFL educators and researchers; this study provides new insights into this complex situation in relation to the Islamic faith in a way that has not yet been addressed in the literature. There has been an increased interest among researchers concerning the relationship between faith and ELT; however, to this date, no empirical studies have been conducted with regards TEFL and Islam. The study is, therefore, providing rich insights into this area. In doing so, in light of the wider socio-political, ideological or religious issues connected to the spread of English, the study draws on the experiences of nine Western Muslim EFL teachers in the KSA by qualitatively investigating their views on TEFL and the global spread of English in the KSA with particular reference to their Islamic faith and its relationship with their profession The study also addresses how Islam relates to the perception of these processes and how it affects their professional practice. The study is, therefore, particularly significant as it can play a role in encouraging Muslim EFL teachers to relate the macro-level theoretical discourses and educational policies to the micro-level of classroom practice and contribute to the ongoing debate concerning the role played by TEFL in the KSA. The study also has the potential to raise awareness among Muslim educators in the KSA and other Muslim countries of the wider complex processes intertwined with the global spread of English and its impact on EFL education. This investigation as also shed light on a number of ethical questions in relation to how Western Muslims who have travelled to the KSA perceive the relationship between their faith and their role as EFL, which may open new ways for Muslim professionals to combine their faith with their profession. In-depth interviews were conducted with the participants and the data provided new insights into the perceptions of TEFL and the global spread of English. The participants not only described the global spread of English and TEFL as value-laden, politically and ideologically driven, but also as a facilitator in terms of communication and cross-cultural understanding and as a necessary tool to acquire in today’s world. The data collected also showed that the relationship between Islam and TEFL was not described in dichotomous terms, which meant that this conception was the result of the participants’ personal understandings of their faith. The findings also emphasised on the preponderant role of the participants’ Islamic faith on their personal and professional lives. The study’s main contribution relates to two essential notions that have been debated among applied linguists: ownership and appropriation of the English language. The research showed that Western Muslim EFL teachers appropriate and claim ownership of the English language in a way that has not yet been addressed in the literature. Finally, the study shows that language teaching issues are inextricably intertwined with broader issues such as religion, culture or politics and suggests that the links between Islam, politics and language need to be explicitly addressed within the ELT arena.
16
Mullins, Daniel Austin. "The evolution of literacy : a cross-cultural account of literacy's emergence, spread, and relationship with human cooperation." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:98d1f155-c96d-4ba0-ac36-c610d3d7454c.
Full textAbstract:
Social theorists have long argued that literacy is one of the principal causes and hallmark features of complex society. However, the relationship between literacy and social complexity remains poorly understood because the relevant data have not been assembled in a way that would allow competing hypotheses to be adjudicated. The project set out in this thesis provides a novel account of the multiple origins of literate behaviour around the globe, the principal mechanisms of its cultural transmission, and its relationship with the cultural evolution of large-group human cooperation and complex forms of socio-political organisation. A multi-method large-scale cross-cultural approach provided the data necessary to achieve these objectives. Evidence from the societies within which literate behaviour first emerged, and from a representative sample of ethnographically-attested societies worldwide (n=74), indicates that literate behaviour emerged through the routinization of rituals and pre-literate sign systems, eventually spreading more widely through classical religions. Cross-cultural evidence also suggests that literacy assumed a wide variety of forms and socio-political functions, particularly in large, complex groups, extending evolved psychological mechanisms for cooperation, which include reciprocity, reputation formation and maintenance systems, social norms and norm enforcement systems, and group identification. Finally, the results of a cross-cultural historical survey of first-generation states (n=10) reveal that simple models assuming single cause-and-effect relationships between literacy and complex forms of socio-political organisation must be rejected. Instead, literacy and first-generation state-level polities appear to have interacted in a complex positive feedback loop. This thesis contributes to the wider goal of transforming social and cultural anthropology into a cumulative and rapid-discovery science.
17
McGroarty, Francis Joseph Anthony. "Determinants of prices and spreads in global currency and money markets." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.402234.
Full text
18
Kaukoranta, Vilma. "Variation i blomsterlupinens (Lupinus polyphyllus) tillväxt och fenologi i dess invasiva utbredningsområde i Europa." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa, natur- och teknikvetenskap (from 2013), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-76344.
Full textAbstract:
Den invasiva blomsterlupinens (Lupinus polyphyllus) spridning i Sverige är ett hot mot många inhemska växtarters överlevnad. Det är oklart hur den pågående globala uppvärmningen kan komma påverka artens invasionsframgångar. I det här kandidatarbetet har jag därför studerat hur blomsterlupinens tillväxt och fenologi varierar längs latitud i Europa i syfte med att avgöra om arten visar fitnesskillnader beroende på temperatur. Tjugo populationer från Trier (Tyskland) i söder till Umeå (Sverige) i norr följdes under en växtsäsong och data på blomsterlupinplantornas höjd samt blomställningarnas längd samlades in. Regressionsanalysen visade att det inte fanns något signifikant skillnad mellan latitud och ovanjordisk biomassa eller blomställningens längd. Däremot utvecklades den reproduktiva biomassan tidigare i växtsäsongen i de lägre breddgraderna i Europa jämfört med de högre. Studien ger en indikation om att ett varmare klimat kan ha en viss positiv påverkan på blomsterlupinens reproduktion och spridning. De lokala mikroklimatiska effekterna verkar dock ha en stor påverkan på dess relativa fitness, vilket betyder att vissa populationer kan gynnas mer än andra. Utbredningsområdet kan komma utökas mer norrut när stigande temperaturer och färre frostdagar gör nya områden tillgängliga för arten.<br>The spread of the invasive garden lupin (Lupinus polyphyllus) in Sweden threatens the survival of many native plant species. It is unclear how ongoing global warming may affect the species' invasion success. In this Bachelors essay I have therefore studied how the growth and phenology of the garden lupin varies with latitude in Europe to determine if the species shows any fitness differences depending on the temperature. Twenty garden lupin populations from Trier (Germany) in the south to Umeå (Sweden) in the north were followed during a single growing season and data on the plant’s height and the length of the inflorescences were collected. Regression analysis showed that there was no relationship between latitude and aboveground biomass or length of inflorescence. Reproductive biomass, on the other hand, developed earlier in the growing season at lower latitudes than at higher ones. The study indicates that a warmer climate may have a positive effect on the reproduction and spread of the garden lupin. Local microclimatic effects appear to have a major impact on its relative fitness though, which means that some populations may benefit more than others. The species’ range may expand further north as rising temperatures and fewer frost days make new areas available for the species.
19
Silva, Ruiz Alfonso Ignacio. "Determinantes de spreads de bonos corporativos en episodios de iliquidez global de mercado." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2013. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/114823.
Full textAbstract:
Ingeniero Civil Industrial<br>Dado que la inversión en capital físico es un driver fundamental del crecimiento económico, es importante entender los determinantes del costo de capital para firmas privadas. Un gran número de investigaciones ha explorado los determinantes de spreads de bonos corporativos (Collin-Dufresne, Goldstein y Martin (2001), Huang y Kong (2003) y Chen, Lesmond y Wei (2007)). Estos estudios muestran que tanto el riesgo de no pago como la prima por liquidez son importantes drivers de spreads de bonos corporativos. Sin embargo, no caracterizan qué tipo de bonos son más vulnerables a episodios de iliquidez en los mercados de deuda ni tampoco analizan si la importancia de la probabilidad de no pago y la prima por riesgo difiere durante periodos de estabilidad financiera versus periodos de iliquidez de mercado.
Usando índices de option-adjusted spreads (OAS) del Bank of America Merrill Lynch para el período 1999-2003, este paper examina exhaustivamente los determinantes de spreads de bonos corporativos en tiempos de iliquidez en mercados de deuda. El principal objetivo de este trabajo tiene tres puntos. Primero, siguiendo la literatura mencionada, se desea testear si las variables relacionadas al riesgo de no pago y prima por liquidez son determinantes significativos de los spreads de bonos corporativos. Segundo, el paper examina las características particulares tales como madurez, calificación crediticia y sector industrial que hacen que ciertos bonos sean más vulnerables a shocks de iliquidez de mercado. Tercero, el trabajo explora si la proporción de la varianza de los spreads de bonos corporativos que puede ser explicada por riesgo de no pago y prima por liquidez cambia sustancialmente en tiempos de iliquidez de mercado en comparación con períodos de estabilidad financiera.
Los principales resultados de este trabajo caracterizan los bonos menos afectados durante episodios de iliquidez de mercado en tres formas. Primero, bonos con más mayor madurez son menos afectados. Segundo, bonos con mejor clasificación crediticia son menos afectados. Tercero, bonos de los sectores como el industrial y servicios son menos afectados y bonos del sector financiero o bancario son más afectados por episodios de iliquidez de mercado. Adicionalmente, este paper encuentra que la probabilidad de no pago puede explicar una alta proporción de la varianza de OAS durante tiempos de estabilidad, mientras que las variables de iliquidez de mercado se vuelven más relevantes en períodos de estrés financiero.
Los resultados de este paper mejoran el entendimiento de los determinantes de spreads de bonos corporativos. Además, tienen importantes implicancias para inversionistas que invierten en instrumentos de renta fija, directivos de empresas que necesitan levantar capital en mercados de deuda internacionales y responsables de las políticas que necesitan entender las principales vulnerabilidades durante episodios de inestabilidad financiera.
20
Figueiredo, Antonio M. "Essays on Volatility Drivers, Transmissions and Equity Market Correlations in a Global Setting." FIU Digital Commons, 2016. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2617.
Full textAbstract:
Volatility is a fascinating and important topic for financial markets in general, and probably the single most important issue in financial risk management. Although volatility itself is not synonymous with risk, it is closely associated with it in the realm of risk management. In this study, I focus on the volatility in the foreign exchange markets and investigate the spillover of volatility from this market to equity correlations and its impact on global equity markets’ bid-ask spreads as a proxy for market quality. I also explore the role that accounting earnings quality play in subsequent volatility in U.S. equity markets.
I provide a theoretical base and its associated empirics for the link between exchange rate volatilities and global equity correlations. I test this theory using multiple techniques that ends with the application of autoregressive error correction analysis, wherein, I demonstrate the predictive power of options implied exchange rate volatilities against ex-ante global equity correlations. My findings indicate that exchange rate implied volatilities, coupled with one-period ex-post correlations, are more predictive of subsequent equity market correlations than other models.
I then examine the impact of currency volatilities on the average monthly spreads in ADRs and their underlying local shares. I employ dynamic panel data estimation and principal component analysis to show that currency volatility explains a significant portion (16.6%) of the variation in spreads across markets, heretofore largely unexplored by extant finance literature.
Finally, I employ well established accrual measures to calculate aggregate accruals for the S&P 500 on a quarterly basis and examine the ability of this aggregate measure to forecast future trends in the volatility of the index. I find a statistically significant relation between subsequent twelve-month volatility in the S&P 500 index and aggregate accruals. This relation holds whether total or abnormal accruals measures are employed. My findings document a rare long-term indicator of volatility in the widely followed index. I also show that my aggregate accrual measure yields additional information about S&P 500 volatility when compared with simple historical volatility measures or option implied volatility.
21
Saengkaew, Sawitree. "Study of spray heat up : On the development of global rainbow techniques." Rouen, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ROUES024.
Full textAbstract:
La crise actuelle de l'énergie renforce la demande pour des produits alternatifs au pétrole. Parmi d'autres, une grande attention est donnée aux bio diesels. Les bio diesels peuvent être extraits de différentes plantes, en accord avec le climat du pays. La Thaïlande s'intéresse aux huiles de palme et de Jatropha tandis que la France s'intéresse aux extraits de soja ou de betterave. Pour brûler un liquide, il doit être atomisé et le point clé pour optimiser la production d'énergie et minimiser la formation de polluants est la maîtrise de l'échauffement et de l'évaporation des gouttes. Ces mesures sont encore un défi. Cette thèse est une contribution à ce domaine de recherche, basé sur l'utilisation d'un atomiseur ultrasonique pour créer un spray de petites particules avec une distribution étroite des tailles. Le spray ainsi créé sera utilisé pour mesurer l'évolution de température des gouttes. Pour atteindre cet objectif, une chaîne d'arc-en-ciel global a été développée. La principale originalité de cette thèse réside dans l'utilisation et le développement de la théorie de Nussenzveig qui donne la possibilité de calculs aussi précis qu'avec la théorie de Lorenz-Mie pour des temps de calcul comparables à ceux de l'optique géométrique ou de la théorie d'Airy. De fortes améliorations des techniques de réfractométrie d'arc-en-ciel sur une particule individuelle et sur un nuage de gouttes ont été obtenues. Par l'arc-en-ciel sur une particule individuelle, une précision absolue de 0. 01 mm est obtenue sur le diamètre, et une précision d'environ 0. 0001 sur l'indice de réfraction. Par l'arc-en-ciel global, une précision équivalente est obtenue sur l'indice de réfraction<br>The actual energy crisis reinforces the demand for products alternative to the petrol. Among others, a large attention is dedicated to the bio diesel. The bio diesel can be extracted from different plants according with the weather of the country. For Thailand the interest is focused on palm oil and Jatropha while France is focused on rapeseed and beetroot. To combust liquid fuel, it must be atomized, then a key point to optimize the energy production and reduce the pollutant formation is the mastering of the droplet heat up and evaporation. These quantities are not yet systematically studied. This thesis is a contribution to this field, based on the use of ultrasonic nozzles to create a spray of small droplets with a narrow size distribution. The fundamental spray created will be used to measure the heat up of the droplets. To reach this objective a global rainbow set up is developed. The main originality of this thesis is the use and the development of the Nussenzveig's theory which gives the possibility to compute accurately as in Lorenz-Mie theory but as fast as by using geometrical optics of Airy theory. Improvements of classical rainbow technique on individual particle and global rainbow technique for cloud of droplets are obtained
22
Madeira, Alex Notaroberto. "Otimização do processo de spray drying pelo uso de pré-desumidificadores no ar de entrada." Universidade de Taubaté, 2009. http://www.bdtd.unitau.br/tedesimplificado/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=319.
Full textAbstract:
Spray Drying é um processo de secagem por atomização em uma câmara fechada, que visa retirar a umidade de um produto por transferência de calor e massa de água contida no produto para o ar que é previamente aquecido neste processo. Este trabalho apresenta um estudo de caso para uma indústria que produz aditivos alimentícios. O ar de entrada pode chegar à câmara com alta umidade proveniente da atmosfera, neste caso, haverá mais consumo de energia de acordo com as estações do ano. Esta pesquisa promove um estudo do processo atual, através da instalação de um equipamento de pré-desumidificação no ar de entrada do processo e mostra diferentes sistemas de desumidificação: por refrigeração e por adsorção, comparando os desempenhos sob o ponto de vista energético, ambiental e econômico com sistema original. Os objetivos deste estudo são analisar a capacidade de remoção de umidade de cada dispositivo de desumidificação, a influência de cada dispositivo e a variação da umidade do ar de entrada no processo, bem como o impacto econômico e ambiental de cada equipamento no sistema global. Além disso, promove o aumento do gradiente de umidade entre o ar de entrada e do produto otimizando o processo de secagem, aumentando a eficiência energética global do sistema e reduzindo o impacto ambiental.<br>Spray drying is a dehumidification process by atomization in a closed chamber that aims to remove moisture of a product by heat and mass transfer from the contained water in the product to the air which is previously heated in this process. This paper presents a case study for an industry that produces food ingredients. The inlet air can reach the chamber with high moisture from the atmosphere condition requesting, in this case, more energy consumption according to the seasons of the year. This paper promotes a study of the current process through the installation of a pre-dehumidification device of the inlet air and shows different dehumidification systems: The refrigeration and the adsorption and comparing their performance in an energetic, environmental and economic point of view. The goals of this study are to analyze the capacity of moisture removing of each dehumidification device, the influence of moisture variation of the inlet air in the process as well as the economic impact of each device in the global system. Moreover, it promotes the increasing of moisture gradient between the inlet air and the product optimizing the drying process, increasing the global energy efficiency in the global system and reducing environmental impact.
23
Wang, Lingmiao. "Optimizing thermal spray quality verification in FAA repair station specializing in rotating components." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/126986.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis: M.B.A., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, in conjunction with the Leaders for Global Operations Program at MIT, May, 2020<br>Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, in conjunction with the Leaders for Global Operations Program at MIT, May, 2020<br>Page 61 blank. Cataloged from the official PDF of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (pages 57-58).<br>Thermal spray is a manufacturing process where melted particles are sprayed onto a surface to build up thickness. It is used extensively in the aerospace industry to improve and repair part surfaces, extending the useful life of expensive components. Because thermal spray is a special process, current quality practices require destructive testing. Because testing using production parts is expensive, quality management is commonly done through the use of representative test coupons. However, the coupon process is both financially expensive and operationally inefficient. Connecticut Rotating Parts (CTRP) is an FAA Part 145 repair station specializing in rotating hardware. Thermal spray is used at multiple stages during the repair process so the continued operation of its spray booths are critical to meeting delivery dates. Currently, CTRP runs weekly coupons for every material and spray booth combination. Each test cycle is at least 24 hours during which no parts can be sprayed. The objective of this thesis is to use CTRP as a benchmark to investigate thermal spray quality related issues in order to evaluate best practice quality control methods. Specifically, this project evaluated a camera system that monitors the state of the particles prior to substrate contact as an indirect measure of buildup quality. An analysis of CTRP's historical coupon and production performance showed very few failures. The failures that did occur were most likely the result of isolated deviations rather than systemic faults. Testing of the camera system was unable to conclusively establish the parameters needed for regular plume and equipment monitoring. These findings suggest that existing process controls are very capable of producing high quality coatings even in high turnover shops like CTRP and that weekly testing may be overly conservative. However, non-destructive testing methods do not yet exist that can sufficiently replace the utility of representative coupons.<br>by Lingmiao Wang./<br>M.B.A.<br>S.M.<br>M.B.A. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management<br>S.M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics
24
Izadi, Selma. "Two Essays in Finance and Economics: “Investment Opportunities in Commodity and Stock Markets for G7 Countries” And “Global and Local Factors Affecting Sovereign Yield Spreads”." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2015. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/2087.
Full textAbstract:
In chapter 1, I investigate the return links and dynamic conditional correlations between the equity and commodity returns for G7 countries from 2000:01 to 2014:10. The commodity futures include BCOM Index which contains the futures and spot price of 22 commodities, Brent and Crude oil futures, gold and silver futures, Wheat, Corn and Soybean futures and CRB index. The finding indicates that during the full sample period GOLD, WHEAT and CORN have the smallest dynamic conditional correlations with all the Equity indexes. In addition, the correlations between the GOLD/Equity pairs are negative during the financial crisis. This fact indicates the benefit of hedging the stock portfolios with gold futures while we have stress in the financial markets.
The results from hedging effectiveness suggest that all the commodity/stock portfolios provide better diversification benefits than the stock portfolios. In average, including CRB, BCOM and GOLD futures to the stock portfolios have the highest hedging effectiveness ratios.
Chapter 2 investigates the impact of global and local variables on the Sovereign bond spreads for 22 developed countries in North America, Europe and Pacific Rim Regions, using monthly data from January 2010 to March 2015.
There are a few main findings of this chaper. First, the global factors are considerably more important in déterminant the sovereign bond spreads for all the regions. Second, for the bond spread of each region over its local government bond, the countries’ domestic fundamentals are found to be more influential determinants of the spreads, compared to the spread over US government bond as a safe haven government bond. Third, the bond spreads in the Eurozone area is less influenced by the global factors compared to the other regions. Fourth, the sovereign bond spreads of all regions are positively related to the US corporate high yield spreads as a proxy of market sentiment and the log of VIX index as measurement for the investor risk aversion. The coefficient of the log of VIX index shows the strong power of the stock market implied volatility on determining the yield spreads in the fixed income market.
25
Verdier, Antoine. "Experimental study of dilute spray combustion." Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMIR27/document.
Full textAbstract:
La combustion diphasique implique de nombreux phénomènes physiques complexes, comprenant l'atomisation, la dispersion, l'évaporation et la combustion. Bien que la simulation numérique soit un outil performant pour aborder ces différentes interactions entre les phases liquides et gazeuses, la méthode doit être validée par des études expérimentales fiables. Par conséquent, des données expérimentales précises sur la structure de la flamme et sur les propriétés de la phase liquide et gazeuse le long des étapes d'évaporation et de combustion sont nécessaires. La complexité des configurations aéronautiques réelles implique d'étudier l'effet des propriétés locales sur la dynamique des flammes pour une configuration canonique. Ce travail, réalisé dans le cadre du projet ANR TIMBER, a pour objectif d'améliorer la compréhension de la combustion en flux diphasique, ainsi que de produire une base de données efficace et originale pour la validation des modèles utilisés dans les LES<br>Liquid fuels are the primary energy source in a wide range of applications including industrial and residential furnaces, internal combustion engines and propulsion systems. Pollutant emission reduction is currently one of the major constraints for the design of the next generation combustion chamber. Spray combustion involves many complex physical phenomena including atomization, dispersion, evaporation and combustion, which generally take place simultaneously or within very small regions in the combustion chambers. Although numerical simulation is a valuable tool to tackle these different interactions between liquid and gas phases, the method needs to be validated through reliable experimental studies. Therefore, accurate experimental data on flame structure and on liquid and gas properties along the evaporation and combustion steps are needed and are still challenging. A joint effort between numerical and experimental teams is necessary to meet tomorrow's energy challenges and opportunities. The complexity of the real aeronautical configurations implies to study the effect of local properties in flame dynamics on a canonical configuration, which presents the essential feature of very well defined boundary conditions. This work, carried out within the framework of the ANR TIMBER project, aims to improve the understanding of two-phase flow combustion, as well as to produce an efficient and original database for the validation of the models used in LES
26
Lemaitre, Pascal. "Développement et application de la réfractométrie arc-en-ciel global pour l'étude des transferts massique et thermique dans un spray." Rouen, INSA, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ISAM0019.
Full text
27
Ouboukhlik, Maria. "Caractérisation du transfert de matière dans un spray réactif pour le traitement des fumées : application au captage du CO2." Thesis, Rouen, INSA, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ISAM0008/document.
Full textAbstract:
Le captage de polluants des effluents industriels, et plus particulièrement du CO2, est un défi majeur à relever. Le procédé de captage du CO2 basé sur l’absorption par des solutions aqueuses d’amines est la technique la plus maîtrisée pour le traitement des fumées en postcombustion. La substitution des colonnes à garnissage par des colonnes à pulvérisation présente un intérêt économique car la surface d’échange entre les phases gazeuse et liquide est très importante réduisant ainsi la taille de la colonne d’absorption. De plus, les pertes de charge côté gaz sont évitées et les coûts de maintenance réduits. L’objectif de ces travaux de thèse est de caractériser le transfert de matière dans un spray au cours d'une absorption du CO2 par une solution aqueuse de monoethanolamine (MEA) en utilisant une nouvelle méthode.Ainsi, l’étude s’intéresse à la caractérisation locale du transfert de matière entre un spray de MEA à 30% massique et une atmosphère de CO2. Pour cela, une technique optique non-intrusive est utilisée : la réfractométrie arc-en-ciel globale (GRT). Cette technique est une mesure de l’indice de réfraction d’un ensemble de gouttes localisé dans une partie du spray. C’est donc une mesure locale dans un volume de l’ordre de quelques millimètres cubes. L’indice de réfraction d’une solution dépend de sa température et de sa concentration. Ainsi, à l’aide d’un étalonnage préalable dans un réacteur agité, les indices de réfraction des solutions aqueuses de MEA chargées sont reliés à leurs températures et à leurs concentrations de CO2 absorbé. La mesure d’indice de réfraction permet donc de suivre l’avancement du transfert de matière à travers la concentration de CO2 absorbé à une température moyenne du volume de mesure. La GRT est donc utilisée pour la mesure d’indice de réfraction au cours de l’absorption avec réaction chimique et, la quantité de CO2 captée par unité de volume est mesurée à plusieurs hauteurs de chute. Les mesures sont ensuite comparées aux prédictions d’un modèle de transfert de matière dans une goutte résolu numériquement sous COMSOL Multiphysics. Dans un deuxième temps, l’étude s’intéresse à la caractérisation du transfert de matière côté gaz en mesurant par spectrométrie infra-rouge la quantité de CO2 présente dans la phase gaz lors de l’absorption de celui-ci par une solution aqueuse de MEA à 30 % massique. Les résultats sont présentés sous forme d’efficacité de captage et un coefficient de transfert de matière côté gaz est calculé, en fonction de paramètres opératoires tels que les débits gazeux et liquide.Ces travaux de thèse, appliqués au captage du CO2, traite principalement de la mesure de transfert de matière grâce à la GRT pour la première fois utilisée à une absorption avec réaction chimique. La méthode développée permettra son utilisation pour d’autres systèmes chimique<br>Pollutant capture, especially of CO2, is still a major challenge nowadays.CO2 capture based on absorption with chemical reaction by aqueous solutions of amines is the most mature technique for post-combustion gas cleaning.The substitution of packed columns by spray columns presents an economical interest since the exchange area between both gas and liquid phases is very important, reducing the size of the absorption column. In addition, gas side pressure losses are avoided and maintenance costs are reduced.The aim of this thesis is to characterize mass transfer in a spray column during a CO2 absorption by an aqueous solution of monoethanolamine (MEA) by using a new optical technique.The study focuses on the characterization of the local mass transfer between MEA spray and a CO2 atmosphere. In order to achieve this, a non-intrusive optical technique is used: Global Rainbow Technique (GRT). This technique measures the refractive index of droplets in a local portion of the spray. Therefore, the measurement is local with a volume of few cubic millimeters.The refractive index of a solution depends on its temperature and its concentration. Thus, by using a prior calibration in a stirred reactor, the refractive indices of CO2 loaded MEA solutions are correlated with their temperatures and CO2 absorbed concentration. Therefore, measuring refractive index is a measurement of mass transfer extent.GRT is then used during CO2 absorption with chemical reaction, and the amount of CO2 captured per volume unit is measured at several column heights. The experimental results are then compared with mass transfer predictions in a droplet with a model numerically solved in COMSOL Multiphysics.In another hand, gas side mass transfer is characterized by measuring the amount of CO2 in the gas phase with infrared spectrometry during CO2 absorption in an aqueous solution of 30 % MEA. The results are presented in term of capture efficiency and a gas-side mass transfer coefficient is calculated as a function of operating parameters such as gas and liquid flow rates.This work, applied to CO2 capture, deals with mass transfer measurement with GRT through a first application to absorption with chemical reaction. The developed method in this thesis will allow its use for other chemical systems
28
El, Ouaraini Rachida. "Sensibilité des assimilations d'ensemble globales et régionales aux conditions initialites et aux conditions limites latérales." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2016. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/15999/1/ElOuaraini.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
La mise en œuvre de méthodes d'assimilation d'ensemble est une technique assez récente visant à simuler les erreurs d'analyse et de prévision d'un système d'assimilation de données. Cela permet d'une part d'estimer des covariances spatiales des erreurs de prévision, qui sont un ingrédient essentiel des systèmes d'assimilation de données, dans la mesure où elles permettent de filtrer et de propager spatialement l'information observée. La dépendance de ces covariances d'erreur à la situation météorologique devient ainsi accessible avec ces techniques d'ensemble. D'autre part, l'assimilation d'ensemble est également une méthode de plus en plus utilisée pour fournir des perturbations initiales aux systèmes de prévision d'ensemble. Une telle approche peut être mise en place non seulement dans un système modélisant l'atmosphère sur l'ensemble du globe, mais aussi dans un système régional à aire limitée, en utilisant dans ce cas des conditions limites latérales appropriées. Le sujet de thèse proposé consiste à examiner certaines propriétés de sensibilité de ces techniques d'assimilation d'ensemble dans ces deux types de contextes (à savoir global et régional, respectivement). Il s'agit premièrement d'étudier la sensibilité d'un système global d'assimilation d'ensemble à son initialisation. Cela sera mené en comparant une technique d'initialisation "à froid" (basée sur des perturbations initiales nulles) avec une méthode basée sur des perturbations initiales tirées d'un modèle de covariance. Dans une deuxième partie, la sensibilité d'une assimilation d'ensemble régionale aux conditions limites latérales sera examinée. Dans cette perspective, une comparaison entre différentes techniques de production des perturbations latérales sera réalisée. Il s'agit notamment de comparer les approches basées sur des perturbations latérales qui sont soit nulles, soit tirées d'un ensemble global, ou encore produites à l'aide d'un modèle de covariance. Ces études de sensibilité seront menées d'une part en utilisant des expérimentations avec les systèmes global Arpege et régional Aladin. Ce travail s'appuiera d'autre part sur une formalisation des équations qui gouvernent l'évolution des perturbations au sein d'une assimilation d'ensemble. Ces études devraient permettre de documenter les propriétés de ces assimilations d'ensemble, et de définir des stratégies de mise en œuvre en grandeur réelle pour l'assimilation de données ainsi qu'éventuellement pour la prévision d'ensemble.
29
李孟芳. "The Effects of Market Technical on Loan Spread : Evidence From Global Syndicated Loans." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/97698617658012618064.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>國立政治大學<br>財務管理研究所<br>98<br>Using a sample of more than 23,000 syndicated tranches to borrowers from 63 countries for the 1982-2009 period, we test the influence of the supply and demand side effects on loan spread. Our results show that supply side effect leads to a significant lower spread, but in some countries with higher appetite of institutional investors, such as U.S. and Spain, these results do not hold. We find that the negative effect above mentioned on spread will be significant for firms whose original loan spread is much higher; i.e., firms with serious financial constraint or low investment opportunity.
30
Menjivar, Liliana. "A metapopulation model for mass gatherings Application: global travel, Hajj and the spread of measles." 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/22178.
Full textAbstract:
Mass gatherings stress local and global health care systems as they bring together individuals from all over the world that have very different health conditions. We firstly provide an overview of the concepts and results of mathematical epidemiology and public health. Secondly, we present an introduction to the mathematical modelling of measles using deterministic and stochastic approaches for both single and multiple populations. Lastly, we develop a model for mass gatherings and present an application to measles during the Hajj by studying an SIR deterministic metapopulation model with residency and its stochastic analogue. The models incorporate real world country data and time dependent movement and transmission rates, accounting for realistic volume of international travel and seasonality of measles activity. Numerical results for the deterministic system are presented. We conclude with a discussion on further work.
31
Huang, Chia-Hsing, and 黃家興. "Housing Loans and High-yield Bond Fund's Divident Rate Spread Investment Strategies – in AllianceBernstein Global High-yield Bond Fund Case." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/q7q225.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>輔仁大學<br>金融與國際企業學系金融碩士在職專班<br>103<br>In the past, discussion in high-yield bond fund were focus in performance, the connection of high-yield bond fund price and the interest rate or correlation between bonds of different credit ratings as the main research direction. None for the gap between high yield bond fund yield and housing-loan rates can be an investment opportunities. In Taiwan, the spread between housing loan and high-yield bond funds, if you make a low-interest housing loans to invest in high-yield bond funds in the long term, whether to create a stable cash flow and profitability. In some case have to redemption for repayment mortgage, whether investor face the present value of the investment is insufficient to repay the loan.
In this study, we take AllianceBernstein Global High Yield Bond Fund the most well-known high-yield bond fund as an example to us. By taking back testing in different loan conditions, different investment duration, statistic each back testing cash flow and investment value compare to the loans balance in order to study the feasibility of this investment strategy. The empirical results show that in 53 cases of the back-tested data, the cash flow for each period are net inflows. The longer investment period, the higher probability high-yield bond fund value is greater than housing loan-balance and invest in a lower high-yield bond funds NAV, will get higher cash inflow. In terms of empirical shows the investment strategy demands in cash inflows is feasible. The initial investment NAV is the most important factor and also the most sensitive factor. However, the initial investment NAV depends on the market and investment duration can be determined by the investors, so long-term investment is still one of the keys to the success of this investment strategy.
This study was an example for a single fund, there are many uncertain factors affect the investment gains and losses. It is only for research reference, not for investment proposed.
32
Prine, Brenda. "A Methodology for Global Comparison of Fire Testing Standards in Transportation Applications." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/7893.
Full textAbstract:
In recent decades, many manufacturing industries have globalized their operations and the Canadian manufacturing sector has experienced dramatic downsizing. For a manufacturing company to succeed therefore, it is necessary for them to operate with a global perspective. In the area of fire safety, this requires understanding of, and compliance with, global regulatory requirements.
This research develops a systematic approach that can be utilized to analyze and compare the complex fire safety regulatory requirements that are stipulated for a selected topic in various countries. The approach developed is sufficiently general that it can be leveraged to compare and contrast global standards in any field or discipline. The methodology outlines six aspects of the regulatory environment that must be considered in sorting standards and then uses spreadsheets and a mind mapping program to elucidate the many relationships that exist amongst the current standards.
In this work, flammability test requirements for public transportation seating are studied, with a major emphasis on seating for railway applications. Requirements for seating in aviation, automotive (both cars and buses) and military vehicles are included in the discussion for comparative purposes.
Fire is a complex phenomenon that is difficult to characterize. The legislated testing protocols reflect this complexity with some geographic jurisdictions mandating as many as six different types of fire testing for rail seating. This work looks in depth at two of the main types of fire testing: flame spread testing and toxic effluent testing.
Flame spread testing was chosen because it is widely required, and toxic effluent testing was chosen because of the many complexities and ambiguities present amongst these standards. Eleven flame-spread tests are compared on a semi-quantitative basis, and eight fire effluent toxicity tests are discussed on a qualitative basis.
The technique developed was useful to elucidate the relationships, similarities and differences amongst the fire safety requirements for transportation seating. There are large differences in requirements among transportation sectors as well as on a geographical basis. Using this technique, it was possible to categorize the flame spread tests into two groups and to compare the relative intensity of the tests within each of these subsets. The fire effluent toxicity tests varied so much in approach that only qualitative comparisons were possible.
33
Tian, Dayong. "Facial image restoration and retrieval through orthogonality." Thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10453/116687.
Full textAbstract:
University of Technology Sydney. Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology.<br>Orthogonality has different definitions in geometry, statistics and calculus. This thesis studies how to incorporate orthogonality to facial image restoration and retrieval tasks. A facial image restoration method and three retrieval methods were proposed.
Blur in facial images significantly impedes the efficiency of recognition approaches. However, most existing blind deconvolution methods cannot generate satisfactory results, due to their dependence on strong edges which are sufficient in natural images but not in facial images. A novel method is proposed in this report. Point spread functions (PSF) are represented by the linear combination of a set of pre-defined orthogonal PSFs and similarly, an estimated intrinsic sharp face image (EI) is represented by the linear combination of a set of pre-defined orthogonal face images. In doing so, PSF and EI estimation is simplified to discovering two sets of linear combination coefficients which are simultaneously found by the proposed coupled learning algorithm. To make the method robust to different kinds of blurry face images, several candidate PSFs and EIs are generated for a test image, and then a non-blind deconvolution method is adopted to generate more EIs by those candidate PSFs. Finally, a blind image quality assessment metric is deployed to automatically select the optimal EI.
On the other hand, the orthogonality is incorporated into the proposed Unimodal image retrieval method. Hashing methods have been widely investigated for fast approximate nearest neighbor searching in large datasets. Most existing methods use binary vectors in lower dimensional spaces to represent data points that are usually real vectors of higher dimensionality. The proposed method divides the hashing process into two steps. Data points are first embedded in a low-dimensional space, and the Global Positioning System (GPS) method is subsequently introduced but modified for binary embedding. Data-independent and data-dependent methods are devised to distribute the satellites at appropriate locations. The proposed methods are based on finding the tradeoff between the information losses in these two steps. Experiments show that the data-dependent method outperforms other methods in different-sized datasets from 100K to 10M. By incorporating the orthogonality of the code matrix, both data-independent and data-dependent methods are particularly impressive in experiments on longer bits.
In social networks, heterogeneous multimedia data correlates to each other, such as videos and their corresponding tags in YouTube and image-text pairs in Facebook. Nearest neighbor retrieval across multiple modalities on large data sets becomes a hot yet challenging problem. Hashing is expected to be an efficient solution, since it represents data as binary codes. As the bit-wise XOR operations can be fast handled, the retrieval time is greatly reduced. Few existing multi-modal hashing methods consider the correlation among hashing bits. The correlation has negative impact on hashing codes. When the hashing code length becomes longer, the retrieval performance improvement becomes slower. The proposed method incorporates a so-called minimum correlation constraint which can be treated as a generalization of orthogonality constraint. Experiments show the superiority of the proposed method becomes greater as the code length increases.
Deep neural network is expected to be an efficient way for multi-modal hashing. We propose a hybrid neural network which consists of a convolutional neural network for facial images and a full-connected neural network for tags or labels. The minimum correlation regularization is imposed on the parameters of output layers. Experiments validates the superiority of the proposed hybrid neural network.
34
Kavussanos, M. G., and Dimitris A. Tsouknidis. "The determinants of credit spreads changes in global shipping bonds." 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/7166.
Full textAbstract:
yes<br>This paper investigates whether bond, issuer, industry and macro-specific variables
account for the observed variation of credit spreads’ changes of global shipping bond issues
before and after the onset of the subprime financial crisis. Results show that conclusions as
to the significant variables of spreads depend significantly on whether two-way clusteradjusted
standard errors are utilized, thus rendering results in the extant literature ambigious.
The main determinants of global cargo-carrying companies’ shipping bond spreads
are found in this paper to be: the liquidity of the bond issue, the stock market’s volatility,
the bond market’s cyclicality, freight earnings and the credit rating of the bond issue.
35
Rossjohn, Bevan. "How Does Trust Impact Sovereign Credit Default Swap Spreads?" Thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/258175.
Full textAbstract:
Trust is a key aspect underpinning any market or transaction,
particularly within sovereign credit default swap (SCDS) markets,
yet the question of its impact on its pricing has been left
unanswered. This thesis seeks to analyse the spreads of SCDS
across a wide range of countries and answer the question: how
does the level of trust that global investors have in a nation
influence these spreads? Through an extensive empirical analysis
and novel theoretical discussion, we seek to further the field of
sovereign behavioural finance.
This study suggests that there are three key effects in SCDS
markets relating to trust. The first is the Economic Development
Effect, where countries with higher GDP per capita have more
favourably priced SCDS due to their superior economic
development, and not any fundamental factors. Secondly, a
Financial Development Effect is found where countries with more
developed markets and institutions additionally have lower SCDS
spreads due to this development alone. Thirdly is the Unobserved
Effect, whereby sovereign spreads are influenced by a large
degree of unobserved country heterogeneity. All three effects are
highly economically and statistically significant, and we suggest
that these observations are due to the underlying beliefs and
preferences of international investors. These effects are
captured through the creation of a Trust Index, which provides a
ranking of the most trusted countries in the context of debt
repayment. This index highlights the differential treatment of
nations by global investors in credit which, in a time of
record-high global sovereign debt levels, should be carefully
scrutinised.
36
Oliveira, Vitor Hugo Alves. "Does Speculation Affect Oil Price Volatiliy?" Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.26/21130.
Full textAbstract:
O objetivo do presente estudo é tentar perceber se a atividade especulativa é o fator principal na repentina subida de preços do crude no spot market, especialmente no mais recente episódio especulativo que ocorreu entre 2003 e a primeira metade de 2008. A base do nosso estudo assenta num modelo já existente de vectores autoregressivos que foi proposto por Kilian e Murphy (2014); um modelo estrutural do mercado global do crude que permite uma análise de choques de procura e oferta e também choques especulativos. A originalidade do modelo apresentado nesta dissertação, relativamente ao daqueles autores, reside na introdução de um componente especulativo para medir os spreads usando contratos de futuros do crude. Com o output do modelo estrutural apresentado conseguimos excluir a teoria da especulação como fator na subida do preço do crude; no entanto, os nossos resultados sugerem que a subida se deve a um aumento na procura conduzido por um crescimento económico inesperado na economia global. As conclusões deste estudo permitem confirmar as de outras obras literárias da mesma natureza e revelam a importância dos futuros enquanto instrumentos preditivos
37
Švéda, Josef. "Věří trhy v úsporná opatření? Věřily vůbec někdy?" Master's thesis, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-412353.
Full textAbstract:
We assess the effects of austerity announcements on investors' perception of the government's solvency across the financial cycle. To do so, we construct a unique news dataset utilizing a newswire database which consists of governmental and parliamentary approvals of austerity measures for 11 European countries. We also follow more regular statements of governmental representatives towards austerity measures. The effects are studied on 10-year sovereign bond yield spreads vis-à-vis Germany during the period 01:2000-12:2019. Implementing pooled OLS regressions, we find significant decreasing effects in the pre-crisis period especially for the GIIPSH group (Greece, Ireland, Italy, Portugal, Spain, and Hungary) and decreasing although not significant effects in the post-crisis period. The crisis period manifests itself with increased surprise effects of announcements. The markets adopted announcements of the GIIPSH group as signals of deteriorating solvency which led to further increases of yield spreads. On the other hand, prudent countries (Czechia, France, Netherlands, Poland, and Slovakia) enjoyed a low sensitivity to their announcements across the cycle. Finally, we find that markets react rather on final announcements of austerity measures than to comments expressed by national representatives....
38
Trojan, Wojciech. "Od Czeczenii do Somalilandu. Idea ochrony uchodźców w kontekście kultury organizacyjnej i prawnej urzędu Wysokiego Komisarza ds. Uchodźców." Doctoral thesis, 2017. https://depotuw.ceon.pl/handle/item/2503.
Full text