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Journal articles on the topic 'Global storm-resolving model'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 7 June 2025

Last updated: 2 August 2025

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1

Lee, Junhong, and Cathy Hohenegger. "Weaker land–atmosphere coupling in global storm-resolving simulation." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 121, no. 12 (2024): 7. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2314265121.

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Abstract The debate on the sign of the soil moisture–precipitation feedback remains open. Onthe one hand, studies using global coarse-resolution climate models have found strongpositive feedback. However, such models cannot represent convection explicitly. Onthe other hand, studies using km-scale regional climate models and explicit convectionhave reported negative feedback. Yet, the large-scale circulation is prescribed in suchmodels. This study revisits the soil moisture–precipitation feedback using global,coupled simulations conducted for 1 y with explicit convection and compare

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2

Roh, Woosub, Masaki Satoh, Tempei Hashino, Shuhei Matsugishi, Tomoe Nasuno, and Takuji Kubota. "Introduction to EarthCARE synthetic data using a global storm-resolving simulation." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 16, no. 12 (2023): 3331–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-3331-2023.

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Abstract. Pre-launch simulated satellite data are useful to develop retrieval algorithms and to facilitate the rapid release of retrieval products after launch. Here we introduce the Japanese Aerospace Exploration Agency's (JAXA) EarthCARE synthetic data based on simulations using a 3.5 km horizontal-mesh global storm-resolving model. Global aerosol transport simulation results are added for aerosol retrieval developers. Synthetic data were produced corresponding to the four EarthCARE instrument sensors, namely a 94 GHz cloud-profiling radar (CPR), a 355 nm atmospheric lidar (ATLID), a seven-c

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3

Huang, Xingying, Andrew Gettelman, William C. Skamarock, et al. "Advancing precipitation prediction using a new-generation storm-resolving model framework – SIMA-MPAS (V1.0): a case study over the western United States." Geoscientific Model Development 15, no. 21 (2022): 8135–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-8135-2022.

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Abstract. Global climate models (GCMs) have advanced in many ways as computing power has allowed more complexity and finer resolutions. As GCMs reach storm-resolving scales, they need to be able to produce realistic precipitation intensity, duration, and frequency at fine scales with consideration of scale-aware parameterization. This study uses a state-of-the-art storm-resolving GCM with a nonhydrostatic dynamical core – the Model for Prediction Across Scales (MPAS), incorporated in the atmospheric component (Community Atmosphere Model, CAM) of the open-source Community Earth System Model (CE

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4

Takasuka, Daisuke, Masaki Satoh, Tomoki Miyakawa, et al. "A protocol and analysis of year‑long simulations of global storm‑resolving models and beyond." Progress in Earth and Planetary Science 11 (December 19, 2024): 66. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40645-024-00668-1.

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Abstract We propose a protocol to evaluate and analyze year-long simulations of global storm-resolving models (GSRMs). The proposed protocol complements an earlier 40-day simulation protocol under the DYAMOND (DYnamics of the Atmospheric general circulation Modeled On Non-hydrostatic Domains) project to allow the analysis of the seasonal cycle and associated climatic relevant phenomena. This intercomparison aims to reveal how GSRMs, which can simulate mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) in the global domain, reproduce atmospheric large-scale structures related to convection beyond month-long s

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Fons, Emilie, Ann Kristin Naumann, David Neubauer, Theresa Lang, and Ulrike Lohmann. "Investigating the sign of stratocumulus adjustments to aerosols in the ICON global storm-resolving model." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 24, no. 15 (2024): 8653–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8653-2024.

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Abstract. Aerosols can cause brightening of stratocumulus clouds, thereby cooling the climate. Observations and models disagree on the magnitude of this cooling, partly because of the aerosol-induced liquid water path (LWP) adjustment, with climate models predicting an increase in the LWP and satellites observing a weak decrease in response to increasing aerosols. With higher-resolution global climate models, which allow the simulation of mesoscale circulations in which stratocumulus clouds are embedded, there is hope to start bridging this gap. In this study, we present boreal summertime simu

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Judt, Falko. "Atmospheric Predictability of the Tropics, Middle Latitudes, and Polar Regions Explored through Global Storm-Resolving Simulations." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 77, no. 1 (2019): 257–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-19-0116.1.

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Abstract The predictability of the atmosphere has important implications for weather prediction, because it determines what forecast problems are potentially tractable. Even though our general understanding of error growth and predictability has been increasing, relatively little is known about the detailed structure of atmospheric predictability, such as how it varies between climate regions. The present study addresses this issue by exploring error growth and predictability in three latitude zones, using model output from a previous global storm-resolving predictability experiment by Judt pu

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Schmidt, Hauke, Sebastian Rast, Jiawei Bao, et al. "Effects of vertical grid spacing on the climate simulated in the ICON-Sapphire global storm-resolving model." Geoscientific Model Development 17, no. 4 (2024): 1563–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-1563-2024.

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Abstract. Global storm-resolving models (GSRMs) use strongly refined horizontal grids compared with the climate models typically used in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) but employ comparable vertical grid spacings. Here, we study how changes in the vertical grid spacing and adjustments to the integration time step affect the basic climate quantities simulated by the ICON-Sapphire atmospheric GSRM. Simulations are performed over a 45 d period for five different vertical grids with between 55 and 540 vertical layers and maximum tropospheric vertical grid spacings of between 800

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Tang, Boxiang, and T. W. Gallien. "Predicting Compound Coastal Flooding in Embayment-Backed Urban Catchments: Seawall and Storm Drain Implications." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 11, no. 7 (2023): 1454. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse11071454.

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Urban coastal flooding is a global humanitarian and socioeconomic hazard. Rising sea levels will increase the likelihood of hydrologic events interacting with high marine water levels. These compound events may, in turn, nonlinearly interact with urban infrastructure, potentially resulting in more extreme coastal flooding events. Here, an integrated Delft3D-FM based numerical modeling framework is used to concomitantly resolve multi-source flood processes (i.e., high marine water levels, precipitation) and infrastructure (e.g., seawalls, storm drains). Hydrodynamic model results are validated

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9

Fudeyasu, Hironori, Yuqing Wang, Masaki Satoh, Tomoe Nasuno, Hiroaki Miura, and Wataru Yanase. "Multiscale Interactions in the Life Cycle of a Tropical Cyclone Simulated in a Global Cloud-System-Resolving Model. Part II: System-Scale and Mesoscale Processes*." Monthly Weather Review 138, no. 12 (2010): 4305–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010mwr3475.1.

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Abstract The life cycle of Tropical Storm Isobel was simulated reasonably well in the Nonhydrostatic Icosahedral Atmospheric Model (NICAM), a global cloud-system-resolving model. The evolution of the large-scale circulation and the storm-scale structure change was discussed in Part I. Both the mesoscale and system-scale processes in the life cycle of the simulated Isobel are documented in this paper. In the preconditioned favorable environment over the Java Sea, mesoscale convective vortices (model MCVs) developed in the mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) and convective towers with cyclonic p

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Popova, E. E., A. C. Coward, G. A. Nurser, B. de Cuevas, and T. R. Anderson. "Mechanisms controlling primary and new production in a global ecosystem model – Part II: The role of the upper ocean short-term periodic and episodic mixing events." Ocean Science 2, no. 2 (2006): 267–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/os-2-267-2006.

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Abstract. The use of 6 h, daily, weekly and monthly atmospheric forcing resulted in dramatically different predictions of plankton productivity in a global 3-D coupled physical-biogeochemical model. Resolving the diurnal cycle of atmospheric variability by use of 6 h forcing, and hence also diurnal variability in UML depth, produced the largest difference, reducing predicted global primary and new production by 25% and 10% respectively relative to that predicted with daily and weekly forcing. This decrease varied regionally, being a 30% reduction in equatorial areas primarily because of increa

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Matsui, Toshi, Jiun-Dar Chern, Wei-Kuo Tao, et al. "On the Land–Ocean Contrast of Tropical Convection and Microphysics Statistics Derived from TRMM Satellite Signals and Global Storm-Resolving Models." Journal of Hydrometeorology 17, no. 5 (2016): 1425–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jhm-d-15-0111.1.

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Abstract A 14-yr climatology of Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) collocated multisensor signal statistics reveals a distinct land–ocean contrast as well as geographical variability of precipitation type, intensity, and microphysics. Microphysics information inferred from the TRMM Precipitation Radar and Microwave Imager show a large land–ocean contrast for the deep category, suggesting continental convective vigor. Over land, TRMM shows higher echo-top heights and larger maximum echoes, suggesting taller storms and more intense precipitation, as well as larger microwave scattering, s

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Radtke, Jule, Thorsten Mauritsen, and Cathy Hohenegger. "Shallow cumulus cloud feedback in large eddy simulations – bridging the gap to storm-resolving models." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 21, no. 5 (2021): 3275–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-3275-2021.

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Abstract. The response of shallow trade cumulus clouds to global warming is a leading source of uncertainty in projections of the Earth's changing climate. A setup based on the Rain In Cumulus over the Ocean field campaign is used to simulate a shallow trade wind cumulus field with the Icosahedral Nonhydrostatic Large Eddy Model in a control and a perturbed 4 K warmer climate, while degrading horizontal resolution from 100 m to 5 km. As the resolution is coarsened, the base-state cloud fraction increases substantially, especially near cloud base, lateral mixing is weaker, and cloud tops reach

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13

Fudeyasu, Hironori, Yuqing Wang, Masaki Satoh, Tomoe Nasuno, Hiroaki Miura, and Wataru Yanase. "Multiscale Interactions in the Life Cycle of a Tropical Cyclone Simulated in a Global Cloud-System-Resolving Model. Part I: Large-Scale and Storm-Scale Evolutions*." Monthly Weather Review 138, no. 12 (2010): 4285–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010mwr3474.1.

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Abstract The Nonhydrostatic Icosahedral Atmospheric Model (NICAM), a global cloud-system-resolving model, successfully simulated the life cycle of Tropical Storm Isobel that formed over the Timor Sea in the austral summer of 2006. The multiscale interactions in the life cycle of the simulated storm were analyzed in this study. The large-scale aspects that affected Isobel’s life cycle are documented in this paper and the corresponding mesoscale processes are documented in a companion paper. The life cycle of Isobel was largely controlled by a Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) event and the associ

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14

Zhou, Wenyu, Isaac M. Held, and Stephen T. Garner. "Parameter Study of Tropical Cyclones in Rotating Radiative–Convective Equilibrium with Column Physics and Resolution of a 25-km GCM." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 71, no. 3 (2014): 1058–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-13-0190.1.

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Abstract Rotating radiative–convective equilibrium is studied by extracting the column physics of a mesoscale-resolution global atmospheric model that simulates realistic hurricane frequency statistics and then coupling it to rotating hydrostatic dynamics in doubly periodic domains. The parameter study helps in understanding the tropical cyclones simulated in the global model and also provides a reference point for analogous studies with cloud-resolving models. The authors first examine the sensitivity of the equilibrium achieved in a large square domain (2 × 104 km on a side) to sea surface t

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15

Kanada, Sachie, Tetsuya Takemi, Masaya Kato, et al. "A Multimodel Intercomparison of an Intense Typhoon in Future, Warmer Climates by Four 5-km-Mesh Models." Journal of Climate 30, no. 15 (2017): 6017–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-16-0715.1.

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Intense tropical cyclones (TCs) sometimes cause huge disasters, so it is imperative to explore the impacts of climate change on such TCs. Therefore, the authors conducted numerical simulations of the most destructive historical TC in Japanese history, Typhoon Vera (1959), in the current climate and a global warming climate. The authors used four nonhydrostatic models with a horizontal resolution of 5 km: the cloud-resolving storm simulator, the fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University–National Center for Atmospheric Research Mesoscale Model, the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) operatio

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Mülmenstädt, Johannes, Andrew S. Ackerman, Ann M. Fridlind, et al. "Can general circulation models (GCMs) represent cloud liquid water path adjustments to aerosol–cloud interactions?" Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 24, no. 23 (2024): 13633–52. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-13633-2024.

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Abstract. General circulation models (GCMs), unlike other lines of evidence, indicate that anthropogenic aerosols cause a global-mean increase in cloud liquid water path (ℒ) and thus a negative adjustment to radiative forcing of the climate by aerosol–cloud interactions. In part 1 of this series of papers, we showed that this is true even in models that reproduce the negative correlation observed in present-day internal variability in ℒ and cloud droplet number concentration (Nd). We studied several possible confounding mechanisms that could explain the noncausal cloud–aerosol correlations in

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Zarzycki, Colin M. "Tropical Cyclone Intensity Errors Associated with Lack of Two-Way Ocean Coupling in High-Resolution Global Simulations." Journal of Climate 29, no. 23 (2016): 8589–610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-16-0273.1.

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Abstract Tropical cyclones (TCs), particularly those that are intense and/or slow moving, induce sea surface temperature (SST) reductions along their tracks (commonly referred to as cold wakes) that provide a negative feedback on storm energetics by weakening surface enthalpy fluxes. While computing gains have allowed for simulated TC intensity to increase in global climate models as a result of increased horizontal resolution, many configurations utilize prescribed, noninteractive SSTs as a surface boundary condition to minimize computational cost and produce more accurate TC climatologies. H

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Segura, Hans, and Cathy Hohenegger. "How Do the Tropics Precipitate? Daily Variations in Precipitation and Cloud Distribution." Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan 102, no. 5 (2024): 525−537. https://doi.org/10.2151/jmsj.2024-028.

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Abstract What controls the variability of daily precipitation averaged over the tropics? Are these the most numerousprecipitation rates or the most intense ones? And do they relate to a specific cloud type? This work addresses these questions using precipitation from the one-year simulation of the global-coupled storm-resolving ICOsahedral Non-hydrostatic model run in its Sapphire configuration (ICON-Sapphire) and observations. Moreover, we develop a framework to analyze the precipitation variability based on the area covered by and the mean intensity of different groups of precipitation rates

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Ott, L. E., J. Bacmeister, S. Pawson, et al. "Analysis of Convective Transport and Parameter Sensitivity in a Single Column Version of the Goddard Earth Observation System, Version 5, General Circulation Model." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 66, no. 3 (2009): 627–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2008jas2694.1.

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Abstract Convection strongly influences the distribution of atmospheric trace gases. General circulation models (GCMs) use convective mass fluxes calculated by parameterizations to transport gases, but the results are difficult to compare with trace gas observations because of differences in scale. The high resolution of cloud-resolving models (CRMs) facilitates direct comparison with aircraft observations. Averaged over a sufficient area, CRM results yield a validated product directly comparable to output from a single global model grid column. This study presents comparisons of vertical prof

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Fiedler, Stephanie, Traute Crueger, Roberta D’Agostino, et al. "Simulated Tropical Precipitation Assessed across Three Major Phases of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP)." Monthly Weather Review 148, no. 9 (2020): 3653–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-19-0404.1.

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Abstract The representation of tropical precipitation is evaluated across three generations of models participating in phases 3, 5, and 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP). Compared to state-of-the-art observations, improvements in tropical precipitation in the CMIP6 models are identified for some metrics, but we find no general improvement in tropical precipitation on different temporal and spatial scales. Our results indicate overall little changes across the CMIP phases for the summer monsoons, the double-ITCZ bias, and the diurnal cycle of tropical precipitation. We find

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Wang, Chung-Chieh, Min-Ru Hsieh, Yi Ting Thean, Zhe-Wen Zheng, Shin-Yi Huang, and Kazuhisa Tsuboki. "Potential Impacts of Future Climate Change on Super-Typhoons in the Western North Pacific: Cloud-Resolving Case Studies Using Pseudo-Global Warming Experiments." Atmosphere 15, no. 9 (2024): 1029. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos15091029.

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Potential impacts of projected long-term climate change toward the end of the 21st century on rainfall and peak intensity of six super-typhoons in the western North Pacific (WNP) are assessed using a cloud-resolving model (CRM) and the pseudo-global warming (PGW) method, under two representative concentration pathway (RCP) emission scenarios of RCP4.5 and RCP8.5. Linear long-term trends in June–October are calculated from 38 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5) models from 1981–2000 to 2081–2100, with warmings of about 3 °C in sea surface temperature, 4 °C in air temperature i

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JUDT, Falko, Daniel KLOCKE, Rosimar RIOS-BERRIOS, et al. "Tropical Cyclones in Global Storm-Resolving Models." Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan. Ser. II 99, no. 3 (2021): 579–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.2151/jmsj.2021-029.

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Zupanski, Dusanka, Sara Q. Zhang, Milija Zupanski, Arthur Y. Hou, and Samson H. Cheung. "A Prototype WRF-Based Ensemble Data Assimilation System for Dynamically Downscaling Satellite Precipitation Observations." Journal of Hydrometeorology 12, no. 1 (2011): 118–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010jhm1271.1.

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Abstract In the near future, the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission will provide precipitation observations with unprecedented accuracy and spatial/temporal coverage of the globe. For hydrological applications, the satellite observations need to be downscaled to the required finer-resolution precipitation fields. This paper explores a dynamic downscaling method using ensemble data assimilation techniques and cloud-resolving models. A prototype ensemble data assimilation system using the Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF) has been developed. A high-resolution regional WRF

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Roberts, Malcolm J., Kevin A. Reed, Qing Bao, et al. "High-Resolution Model Intercomparison Project phase 2 (HighResMIP2) towards CMIP7." Geoscientific Model Development 18, no. 4 (2025): 1307–32. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-1307-2025.

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Abstract. Robust projections and predictions of climate variability and change, particularly at regional scales, rely on the driving processes being represented with fidelity in model simulations. Consequently, the role of enhanced horizontal resolution in improved process representation in all components of the climate system continues to be of great interest. Recent simulations suggest the possibility of significant changes in both large-scale aspects of the ocean and atmospheric circulations and in the regional responses to climate change, as well as improvements in representations of small

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Lau, William K. M., Kyu-Myong Kim, Jiun-Dar Chern, W. K. Tao, and L. Ruby Leung. "Structural changes and variability of the ITCZ induced by radiation–cloud–convection–circulation interactions: inferences from the Goddard Multi-scale Modeling Framework (GMMF) experiments." Climate Dynamics 54, no. 1-2 (2019): 211–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00382-019-05000-y.

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Abstract In this paper, we have investigated the impact of radiation–cloud–convection–circulation interaction (RC3I) on structural changes and variability of the Inter-tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) using the Goddard Multi-scale Modeling Framework, where cloud processes are super-parameterized, i.e., explicitly resolved with 2-D cloud resolving models embedded in each coarse grid of the host Goddard Earth Observing System-Version 5 global climate model. Experiments have been conducted under prescribed sea surface temperature conditions for 10 years (2007–2016), with and without cloud radiati

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Choudhary, Anubhav, and Aiko Voigt. "Impact of grid spacing, convective parameterization and cloud microphysics in ICON simulations of a warm conveyor belt." Weather and Climate Dynamics 3, no. 4 (2022): 1199–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/wcd-3-1199-2022.

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Abstract. Warm conveyor belts are important features of extratropical cyclones and are characterized by active diabatic processes. Previous studies reported that simulations of extratropical cyclones can be strongly impacted by the horizontal grid spacing. Here, we study to what extent and in which manner simulations of warm conveyor belts are impacted by the grid spacing. To this end, we investigate the warm conveyor belt (WCB) of the North Atlantic cyclone Vladiana that occurred around 23 September 2016 and was observed as part of the North Atlantic Waveguide and Downstream Impact Experiment

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Nowak, Jakub, Ian Dragaud, Junhong Lee, Piotr Dziekan, Juan Pedro Mellado, and Bjorn Stevens. "A First Look at the Global Climatology of Low‐Level Clouds in Storm Resolving Models." Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems 17, no. 3 (2025): e2024MS004340. https://doi.org/10.1029/2024MS004340.

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Abstract The representation of subtropical stratocumulus and trade‐wind cumulus clouds by preliminary versions of Integrated Forecasting System (IFS) and ICON km‐scale global coupled climate models is explored. These models differ profoundly in their strategy to represent subgrid‐scale processes. The IFS employs complex parameterizations, including eddy‐diffusivity mass‐flux and convection schemes. ICON applies a minimal set of paramaterizations, including the Smagorinsky‐Lilly closure. Five‐year simulations are performed and evaluated for their representation of cloud albedo, its variability

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Atlas, Rachel, and Christopher S. Bretherton. "Aircraft observations of gravity wave activity and turbulence in the tropical tropopause layer: prevalence, influence on cirrus clouds, and comparison with global storm-resolving models." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 23, no. 7 (2023): 4009–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-4009-2023.

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Abstract. The tropical tropopause layer (TTL) is a sea of vertical motions. Convectively generated gravity waves create vertical winds on scales of a few to thousands of kilometers as they propagate in a stable atmosphere. Turbulence from gravity wave breaking, radiatively driven convection, and Kelvin–Helmholtz instabilities stirs up the TTL on the kilometer scale. TTL cirrus clouds, which moderate the water vapor concentration in the TTL and stratosphere, form in the cold phases of large-scale (> 100 km) wave activity. It has been proposed in several modeling studies that small-scale (&lt

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Männikus, R., W. W. Wang, M. Eelsalu, F. Najafzadeh, H. Bihs, and T. Soomere. "Modelling Suitable Layout for a Small Island Harbour: A Case Study of Ruhnu in the Gulf of Riga, Eastern Baltic Sea." Latvian Journal of Physics and Technical Sciences 61, no. 6 (2024): 3–24. https://doi.org/10.2478/lpts-2024-0040.

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Abstract We explore the complexity of various drivers and local constraints from the viewpoint of developing a feasible re-design of a small harbour that is affected by ultra-refraction of storm waves. Waves propagating towards the Port of Ruhnu on a small island in the central part of the Gulf of Riga are systematically redirected by underwater features so that saturated waves in virtually all storms propagate almost exactly into the harbour entrance. A new design of the port entrance and associated set of breakwaters is largely steered by the location of the port and options for the fairway

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Baker, Alexander J., Benoît Vannière, and Pier Luigi Vidale. "On the Realism of Tropical Cyclone Intensification in Global Storm‐Resolving Climate Models." Geophysical Research Letters 51, no. 17 (2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2024gl109841.

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AbstractThe physical processes governing a tropical cyclone's lifecycle are largely understood, but key processes occur at scales below those resolved by global climate models. Increased resolution may help simulate realistic tropical cyclone intensification. We examined fully coupled, global storm‐resolving models run at resolutions in the range 28–2.8 km in the atmosphere and 28–5 km in the ocean. Simulated tropical cyclone activity, peak intensity, intensification rate, and horizontal wind structure are all more realistic at a resolution of ∼5 km compared with coarser resolutions. Rapid int

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Lee, Junhong, and Cathy Hohenegger. "Weaker land–atmosphere coupling in global storm-resolving simulation." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 121, no. 12 (2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2314265121.

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The debate on the sign of the soil moisture–precipitation feedback remains open. On the one hand, studies using global coarse-resolution climate models have found strong positive feedback. However, such models cannot represent convection explicitly. On the other hand, studies using km-scale regional climate models and explicit convection have reported negative feedback. Yet, the large-scale circulation is prescribed in such models. This study revisits the soil moisture–precipitation feedback using global, coupled simulations conducted for 1 y with explicit convection and compares the results t

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Huang, Xingying, Andrew Gettelman, Brian Medeiros, and William C. Skamarock. "Examining Tropical Convection Features at Storm‐Resolving Scales Over the Maritime Continent Region." Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 129, no. 20 (2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2024jd040976.

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AbstractGlobal Storm Resolving Models (GSRMs) provide a way to understand weather and climate events across scales for better‐informed climate impacts. In this work, we apply the recently developed and validated CAM (Community Atmosphere Model)—MPAS (Model for Prediction Across Scales) modeling framework, based on the open‐source Community Earth System Model (CESM2), to examine the tropical convection features at the storm resolving scale over the Maritime Continent region at 3 km horizontal spacing. We target two global numerical experiments during the winter season of 2018 for comparison wit

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Lang, Theresa. "Lang et al. primary data." September 28, 2022. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7732396.

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This repository contains the code and post-processed model- and trajectory-output to reproduce the Figures in Lang et al. (2022) How model uncertainties influence tropical humidity in global storm-resolving simulations.

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Yoon, Arim, and Cathy Hohenegger. "Muted Amazon Rainfall Response to Deforestation in a Global Storm‐Resolving Model." Geophysical Research Letters 52, no. 4 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1029/2024gl110503.

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AbstractOngoing Amazon deforestation has raised concerns about forest dieback via induced precipitation changes. Previous studies have found that complete deforestation reduces evapotranspiration, contributing to low precipitation rates that would limit the regrowth of the forest, but such studies have used climate models with convective parameterization and/or fixed large‐scale circulation. For the first time, we simulate a complete Amazon deforestation scenario without convective parameterization, allowing full interaction between convection and large‐scale circulation, for 3 years. Our resu

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Segura, H., C. Hohenegger, C. Wengel, and B. Stevens. "Learning by Doing: Seasonal and Diurnal Features of Tropical Precipitation in a Global-Coupled Storm-Resolving Model." Geophysical Research Letters Volume 49, Issue 24 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1029/2022GL101796.

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Using the global and coupled ICOsahedral Nonhydrostatic model with the Sapphire configuration (ICON-S) and a grid spacing of 5 km, we describe seasonal and diurnal features of the tropical rainbelt and assess the limits of ICON-S in representing tropical precipitation. ICON-S shows that, by resolving meso-beta scale process, the rainbelt structure and its seasonality (zonal and meridional migration and enlargement) is reproduced, with better performance over land than over ocean and with a very high degree of agreement to observations. ICON-S especially struggles in capturing the seasonal

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Mooers, Griffin, Mike Pritchard, Tom Beucler, et al. "Comparing storm resolving models and climates via unsupervised machine learning." Scientific Reports 13, no. 1 (2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-49455-w.

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AbstractGlobal storm-resolving models (GSRMs) have gained widespread interest because of the unprecedented detail with which they resolve the global climate. However, it remains difficult to quantify objective differences in how GSRMs resolve complex atmospheric formations. This lack of comprehensive tools for comparing model similarities is a problem in many disparate fields that involve simulation tools for complex data. To address this challenge we develop methods to estimate distributional distances based on both nonlinear dimensionality reduction and vector quantization. Our approach auto

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Bao, Jiawei, and Julia M. Windmiller. "Impact of Microphysics on Tropical Precipitation Extremes in a Global Storm‐Resolving Model." Geophysical Research Letters 48, no. 13 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2021gl094206.

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Stevens, Bjorn, Masaki Satoh, Ludovic Auger, et al. "DYAMOND: the DYnamics of the Atmospheric general circulation Modeled On Non-hydrostatic Domains." Progress in Earth and Planetary Science 6, no. 1 (2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40645-019-0304-z.

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Abstract A review of the experimental protocol and motivation for DYAMOND, the first intercomparison project of global storm-resolving models, is presented. Nine models submitted simulation output for a 40-day (1 August–10 September 2016) intercomparison period. Eight of these employed a tiling of the sphere that was uniformly less than 5 km. By resolving the transient dynamics of convective storms in the tropics, global storm-resolving models remove the need to parameterize tropical deep convection, providing a fundamentally more sound representation of the climate system and a more natural l

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Woosub, Roh, Satoh Masaki, Hashino Tempei, Matsugishi Shuhei, Nasuno Tomoe, and Kubota Takuji. "The JAXA EarthCARE synthetic data using a global storm resolving simulation." April 23, 2023. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7835229.

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<strong>Overview</strong> These data are the Japanese Aerospace Exploration Agencies (JAXA) EarthCARE synthetic data based on simulations using a 3.5 km horizontal-mesh global storm-resolving model. Synthetic data were produced corresponding to the four EarthCARE instruments sensors, namely a 94 GHz cloud-profiling radar (CPR), a 355 nm atmospheric lidar (ATLID), a seven-channel multispectral imager (MSI), and a broadband radiometer (BBR). The data include a standard product with data for a single orbit, which is described in a Special Issue of the journal Atmospheric Modelling Techniques

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Kwa, Anna, Spencer K. Clark, Brian Henn, et al. "Machine‐Learned Climate Model Corrections From a Global Storm‐Resolving Model: Performance Across the Annual Cycle." Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems 15, no. 5 (2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2022ms003400.

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Harris, Lucas, Linjiong Zhou, Alex Kaltenbaugh, Spencer Clark, Kai‐Yuan Cheng, and Chris Bretherton. "A Global Survey of Rotating Convective Updrafts in the GFDL X‐SHiELD 2021 Global Storm Resolving Model." Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 128, no. 10 (2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2022jd037823.

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Merlis, Timothy M., Kai-Yuan Cheng, Ilai Guendelman, et al. "Climate sensitivity and relative humidity changes in global storm-resolving model simulations of climate change." Science Advances 10, no. 26 (2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adn5217.

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The climate simulation frontier of a global storm-resolving model (GSRM; or k -scale model because of its kilometer-scale horizontal resolution) is deployed for climate change simulations. The climate sensitivity, effective radiative forcing, and relative humidity changes are assessed in multiyear atmospheric GSRM simulations with perturbed sea-surface temperatures and/or carbon dioxide concentrations. Our comparisons to conventional climate model results can build confidence in the existing climate models or highlight important areas for additional research. This GSRM’s climate sensitivity is

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Watt‐Meyer, Oliver, Noah D. Brenowitz, Spencer K. Clark, et al. "Neural Network Parameterization of Subgrid‐Scale Physics From a Realistic Geography Global Storm‐Resolving Simulation." Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems 16, no. 2 (2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2023ms003668.

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AbstractParameterization of subgrid‐scale processes is a major source of uncertainty in global atmospheric model simulations. Global storm‐resolving simulations use a finer grid (less than 5 km) to reduce this uncertainty by explicitly resolving deep convection and details of orography. This study uses machine learning to replace the physical parameterizations of heating and moistening rates, but not wind tendencies, in a coarse‐grid (200 km) global atmosphere model, using training data obtained by spatially coarse‐graining a 40‐day realistic geography global storm‐resolving simulation. The tr

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Zhou, Linjiong, Lucas Harris, Jan‐Huey Chen, et al. "Bridging the Gap Between Global Weather Prediction and Global Storm‐Resolving Simulation: Introducing the GFDL 6.5‐km SHiELD." Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems 16, no. 12 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1029/2024ms004430.

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AbstractWe introduce a 6.5‐km version of the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL)'s System for High‐resolution prediction on Earth‐to‐Local Domains (SHiELD). This global model is designed to bridge the gap between global medium‐range weather prediction and global storm‐resolving simulation while remaining practical for real‐time forecast. The 6.5‐km SHiELD represents a significant advancement over GFDL's flagship global forecast system, the 13‐km SHiELD. This global model features a holistically‐developed scale‐aware suite of physical parameterizations, stepping into the formidable con

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Dong, Wenhao, Ming Zhao, Huan Guo, et al. "Comparison of Global Mesoscale Convective Systems Simulation in a Global Storm-resolving Model and a High-resolution General Circulation Model." Journal of Climate, March 28, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-24-0303.1.

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Abstract This study compare the characteristics of global mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) simulated in a global storm-resolving model (GSRM) and a high-resolution (~25-km) General Circulation Model (GCM), both developed at the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory. By comparing with two satellite datasets, we examine the spatial distribution, seasonal/diurnal cycles, and event based features such as duration, size, intensity, and propagation of MCSs across six global hotspots. MCS-related precipitation features and their contribution to the total precipitation are also analyzed. Our result

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Tian, Jingjing, Yunyan Zhang, Stephen A. Klein, et al. "How Well Does the DOE Global Storm Resolving Model Simulate Clouds and Precipitation Over the Amazon?" Geophysical Research Letters 51, no. 14 (2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2023gl108113.

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AbstractThis study assesses a 40‐day 3.25‐km global simulation of the Simple Cloud‐Resolving E3SM Model (SCREAMv0) using high‐resolution ground‐based observations from the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Green Ocean Amazon (GoAmazon) field campaign. SCREAMv0 reasonably captures the diurnal timing of boundary layer clouds yet underestimates the boundary layer cloud fraction and mid‐level congestus. SCREAMv0 well replicates the precipitation diurnal cycle, however it exhibits biases in the precipitation cluster size distribution compared to scanning radar observations. Specifically, SCRE

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Franke, Henning, and Marco A. Giorgetta. "Toward the Direct Simulation of the Quasi‐Biennial Oscillation in a Global Storm‐Resolving Model." Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems 16, no. 10 (2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2024ms004381.

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AbstractThis study presents the first attempt to simulate a full cycle of the quasi‐biennial oscillation (QBO) in a global storm‐resolving model (GSRM) that explicitly simulates deep convection and gravity waves instead of parameterizing them. Using the Icosahedral Nonhydrostatic (ICON) model with horizontal and vertical resolutions of about and , respectively, we show that an untuned state‐of‐the‐art GSRM is already on the verge of simulating a QBO‐like oscillation of the zonal wind in the tropical stratosphere for the right reasons. ICON shows overall good fidelity in simulating the QBO mome

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Atlas, R. L., C. S. Bretherton, A. B. Sokol, P. N. Blossey, and M. F. Khairoutdinov. "Tropical Cirrus Are Highly Sensitive to Ice Microphysics Within a Nudged Global Storm‐Resolving Model." Geophysical Research Letters 51, no. 1 (2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2023gl105868.

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AbstractCirrus dominate the longwave radiative budget of the tropics. For the first time, the variability in cirrus properties and longwave cloud radiative effects (CREs) that arises from using different microphysical schemes within nudged global storm‐resolving simulations from a single model, is quantified. Nudging allows us to compute radiative biases precisely using coincident satellite measurements and to fix the large‐scale dynamics across our set of simulations to isolate the influence of microphysics. We run 5‐day simulations with four commonly‐used microphysics schemes of varying comp

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Zheng, X., Y. Zhang, S. A. Klein, et al. "Using Satellite and ARM Observations to Evaluate Cold Air Outbreak Cloud Transitions in E3SM Global Storm‐Resolving Simulations." Geophysical Research Letters 51, no. 8 (2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2024gl109175.

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AbstractThis study examines marine boundary layer cloud regime transition during a cold air outbreak (CAO) over the Norwegian Sea, simulated by a global storm‐resolving model (GSRM) known as the Simple Cloud‐Resolving Energy Exascale Earth System Model Atmosphere Model (SCREAM). By selecting observational references based on a combination of large‐scale conditions rather than strict time‐matched comparisons, this study finds that SCREAM qualitatively captures the CAO cloud transition, including boundary layer growth, cloud mesoscale structure, and phase partitioning. SCREAM also accurately loc

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Merlis, Timothy M., Ilai Guendelman, Kai‐Yuan Cheng, et al. "The Vertical Structure of Tropical Temperature Change in Global Storm‐Resolving Model Simulations of Climate Change." Geophysical Research Letters 51, no. 23 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1029/2024gl111549.

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AbstractGlobal storm‐resolving model (GSRM) simulations (kilometer‐scale horizontal resolution) of the atmosphere can capture the interaction between the scales of deep cumulus convection and the large‐scale dynamics and thermodynamic properties of the atmosphere. Here, we assess the vertical structure of tropical temperature change in Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory's GSRM X‐SHiELD, perturbed by a uniform sea surface temperature (SST) warming and/or increased concentration. The simulated warming from an SST increase is weakly amplified relative to the surface through the mid‐troposphere

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