Journal articles: 'Global Systems for Mobile Communications'

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Lodge, J. H. "Mobile satellite communications systems: Toward global personal communications." IEEE Communications Magazine 29, no. 11 (November 1991): 24–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/35.109661.

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Peyrard, Fabrice. "Real-time performance evaluation of Bluetooth ARQ protocol." Journal of Communications Software and Systems 3, no. 4 (December 20, 2007): 248. http://dx.doi.org/10.24138/jcomss.v3i4.246.

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These research tasks present a measurement platform of Bluetooth asynchronous links in order to get the intrinsic time constraints of this network and communications protocols. These time measurements are necessary for the application we wish to implement for mobile robot control through Bluetooth link communication. We present the platform as well as the measurement protocol which we have carried out from real-time communicating operating systems. We have developed an application of radio and time data processing allowing a real-time evaluation of the global behavior of the communicating system.

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Tawk, Youssef, Aleksandar Jovanovic, Phillip Tomé, Jérôme Leclère, Cyril Botteron, Pierre-André Farine, Ruud Riem-Vis, and Bertrand Spaeth. "A New Movement Recognition Technique for Flight Mode Detection." International Journal of Vehicular Technology 2013 (January 30, 2013): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/149813.

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Nowadays, in the aeronautical environments, the use of mobile communication and other wireless technologies is restricted. More specifically, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) and the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) prohibit the use of cellular phones and other wireless devices on airborne aircraft because of potential interference with wireless networks on the ground, and with the aircraft's navigation and communication systems. Within this context, we propose in this paper a movement recognition algorithm that will switch off a module including a GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) device or any other mobile cellular technology as soon as it senses movement and thereby will prevent any forbidden transmissions that could occur in a moving airplane. The algorithm is based solely on measurements of a low-cost accelerometer and is easy to implement with a high degree of reliability.

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Aitmagambetov, Altay Z., Denis I. Yeryomin, Dinara G. Zhaxygulova, and Rimma A. Kaliyeva. "Satellite-based location determination of small aircraft in case of accidents and disasters." SYNCHROINFO JOURNAL 6, no. 5 (2020): 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.36724/2664-066x-2020-6-2-33-37.

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From the moment the air/aero/aerial objects appeared the necessity of monitoring for them arose and were solved using different tools, such as radio communications, radio direction finding, radar and others. With the advent of global satellite navigation, the massive introduction of navigation equipment began in almost all areas of human activity and especially in mobile (moving) objects (cars, aircraft, ships, etc.). This allowed aircraft crews to accurately determine their coordinates in real time under any weather conditions. However, the organization of uninterrupted data transmission to ground control centers remained problematic. In this regard, aircraft monitoring systems were primarily installed on military and civil aircraft, while the other categories and types of aircraft were equipped only with communication systems. Thus, currently, there is the lack of navigation devices allowing flight monitoring and communication in small aviation. As a result, in case of emergency landing of small aircraft, it takes a lot of time and effort to find its location, therefore providing emergency assistance to passengers and crew is not possible. This problem can be solved by the system for determining the location of small aircraft using technologies of global navigation satellite systems and mobile satellite communications. This system includes devices for registering the location of the observed object, transmitting data via mobile cellular and satellite communications, processing, storage and displaying of data. The proposed system, by continuously recording and transmitting aircraft location data to the ground control center, helps minimize time and narrow the search area of the aircraft that made an emergency landing.

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Kollár, Martin. "Method for Evaluation of Outage Probability on Random Access Channel in Mobile Communication Systems." Journal of Electrical Engineering 63, no. 3 (May 1, 2012): 191–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10187-012-0028-4.

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Method for Evaluation of Outage Probability on Random Access Channel in Mobile Communication Systems In order to access the cell in all mobile communication technologies a so called random-access procedure is used. For example in GSM this is represented by sending the CHANNEL REQUEST message from Mobile Station (MS) to Base Transceiver Station (BTS) which is consequently forwarded as an CHANNEL REQUIRED message to the Base Station Controller (BSC). If the BTS decodes some noise on the Random Access Channel (RACH) as random access by mistake (so- called ‘phantom RACH') then it is a question of pure coincidence which èstablishment cause’ the BTS thinks to have recognized. A typical invalid channel access request or phantom RACH is characterized by an IMMEDIATE ASSIGNMENT procedure (assignment of an SDCCH or TCH) which is not followed by sending an ESTABLISH INDICATION from MS to BTS. In this paper a mathematical model for evaluation of the Power RACH Busy Threshold (RACHBT) in order to guaranty in advance determined outage probability on RACH is described and discussed as well. It focuses on Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) however the obtained results can be generalized on remaining mobile technologies (ie WCDMA and LTE).

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Goltyapin, Vladimir, and Ivan Golubev. "Global trends in the development of monitoring systems for mobile agricultural equipment." E3S Web of Conferences 157 (2020): 01013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202015701013.

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In this paper, systems for remote monitoring of equipment from various manufacturers are analyzed. Such systems are currently offered by a number of manufacturers of tractors and other mobile agricultural equipment. They are designed to management the operation of a diesel engine; hydraulic transmission management; management of working bodies (maybe several); active security; comfort and climate control; navigation, communications and other multimedia systems. However, in the literature there is no system analysis of them. Therefore, the aim of the study is to analyze and generalize advanced solutions in the development of remote monitoring systems of the largest domestic and foreign manufacturers of agricultural machinery and equipment. The development of remote monitoring systems of domestic and foreign manufacturers, including those awarded at the International agro-industrial exhibitions, were analyzed and summarized. The authors summarized the characteristics of monitoring systems and showed their application areas. The article discusses innovative telemetry and monitoring systems for agricultural machinery, which allow optimizing the process, making adjustments to the settings, planning maintenance, saving fuel, and increasing productivity.

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Patel, R. B., Nikos E. Mastorakis, and Kumkum Garg. "Mobile agent location management in global networks." International Journal of Information and Communication Technology 1, no. 1 (2007): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijict.2007.013275.

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Davoli, Franco, Erina Ferro, and Hussein Mouftah. "Wireless access to the global Internet: mobile radio networks and satellite systems." International Journal of Communication Systems 16, no. 1 (2003): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dac.576.

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Benavente-Peces, César, and Iván Herrero-Sebastián. "Worldwide Coverage Mobile Systems for Supra-Smart Cities Communications: Featured Antennas and Design." Smart Cities 3, no. 3 (July 1, 2020): 556–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/smartcities3030030.

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Current terrestrial mobile communications networks can’t provide worldwide coverage. Satellite communications are expensive, and terminals are large and heavy. Worldwide mobile coverage requires the use of satellites providing an appropriate QoS, including polar regions. The analysis of the potential satellite constellations demonstrates that LEO one is the best solution. A new generation of low cost, small size, lightweight and global mobile coverage LEO satellites is emerging. The main limitation of the terminals is the antenna size factor, and innovative antennas must be developed to meet this goal. This paper investigates the technologies and techniques for designing and developing antennas aimed at LEO satellite communications in Smart Cities and beyond, which are especially beneficial for mobile communications in areas without 4G/5G coverage. The paper focuses on the terrestrial segment and future mobile devices, remarking the design constraints. In this scenario, the paper reviews the most relevant technologies and techniques used to design suitable antennas. The investigation analyses the state-of-the-art and most recent advances in the design of antennas operating in the Ku-band. The main contribution of the authors is a novel antenna design approach based on SIW technology. The antenna features are compared with other approaches, highlighting the benefits, advantages and drawbacks. As a conclusion, the proposed antenna demonstrates to be a good solution to meet the design constraints for such an application: light, low cost, small size factor.

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Цветкова, М., and Marina Tsvetkova. "Perspective Competences of Teachers in the Development of the Digital Economy." Profession-Oriented School 7, no. 3 (July 1, 2019): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_5cf77bd802f079.07624773.

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The digital world is already saturated with complex information and cyber-physical systems, smart devices, robots, the Internet of things, artifi cial intelligence, mobile technologies (for communication and control of various devices at any distance), digital media, digital Commerce and digital global communications of people without borders. The teacher needs to constantly learn and use all the positive aspects of this new world for the development of children’s creative abilities and education of their digital eco-culture, which allows to form an educated digital society, a global public knowledge network, cyber society without aggression.

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Xu, Yan Wen, and Feng Dong. "3G Network Mobile Vehicle Tracking and Positioning Systems Research." Applied Mechanics and Materials 744-746 (March 2015): 1967–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.744-746.1967.

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To strengthen and improve the movement of cars in real-time location tracking to monitor in order to improve operational efficiency and ensure traffic safety of the vehicle is particularly urgent, global system for mobile communication system GSM (Global System of Mobile communication) has been developed to the 3G era and geographic information systems GIS (Geographic Information System) of rapid development, so that based on GPS / GSM tracking feasibility sports car positioning monitoring system design is growing. In this paper, GPS / GSM mobile vehicle as the monitoring terminal hardware platform combined with GIS positioning tracking and monitoring center software design in VC ++ environment, in order to reduce the GPS module positioning error, system application Kalman filter algorithm for GPS data filtering to increase GPS the positioning accuracy.

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Qiao, Liqiang. "Mobile Data Traffic Offloading through Opportunistic Vehicular Communications." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2020 (December 22, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/3093581.

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To cope with an exponentially increasing demand on mobile data traffic in cellular network, proximity-based opportunistic vehicular communications can be exploited as a complementary mean to offload and reduce the load of cellular network. In this paper, we propose a two-phase approach for mobile data traffic offloading, which exploits opportunistic contact and future utility with user mobility. The proposed approach includes one phase of initial source selection and subsequent phase of data forwarding. In phase 1, we build a weighted reachability graph, which is a very useful high-level abstraction for studying vehicular communication over time. Then, we propose an initial source selection algorithm, named VRank, and apply it in the weight reachability graph to identify some influential vehicles to serve as initial sources according to the rank of VRank. In phase 2, we formulate the forwarding schedule problem as a global utility maximization problem, which takes heterogeneous user interest and future utility contribution into consideration. Then, we propose an efficient scheme MGUP to solve the problem by providing a solution that decides which object should be broadcast. The effectiveness of our algorithm is verified through extensive simulation using real vehicular trace.

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Moutinho, João, Diamantino Freitas, and Rui Esteves Araújo. "Indoor Global Localisation in Anchor-based Systems using Audio Signals." Journal of Navigation 69, no. 5 (February 16, 2016): 1024–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463315001095.

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This paper presents a method that allows mobile devices to be globally self-localised in indoor localisation systems by transmitting to them data from position reference anchors. The objective is to establish a reliable one-way down-link communication through signals used in the localisation process in a typically strong fading and multipath channel environment. This is accomplished by using signal processing techniques, including coding and forward error correction, to transmit data using a specific transmission control protocol. Experimental results, using audio as the signal between anchors and the mobile device, demonstrate successful data transmission in realistic scenarios like a common noisy and reverberant room. Spread spectrum noise-like masked signals 4·9 dB below background noise were sufficient to attain correct data reception at four metres distance between a loudspeaker anchor and a mobile device's microphone.

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Yen, Yun-Sheng, Chia-Chang Hsu, and Han-Chieh Chao. "Global dynamic home agent discovery on mobile IPv6." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 6, no. 5 (2006): 617–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wcm.414.

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Balan, Titus, Dan Robu, and Florin Sandu. "Multihoming for Mobile Internet of Multimedia Things." Mobile Information Systems 2017 (2017): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/6965028.

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Mobility, redundancy, and bandwidth requirements are transforming the communication models used for IoT, mainly in case of Critical Communications and multimedia streaming (“IoMT, Internet of Multimedia Things”), as wireless video traffic is expected to be 60–75% of the global mobile traffic by 2020. One of the characteristics of 5G networks will be the proliferation of different/heterogeneous radio networks (virtualized radio access networks, RAN, new energy-efficient radios, femtocells, and offloading capabilities) and the possibility for IoT objects to connect and load-balance between dual and multiple RANs. This paper focuses on the possibility of using LISP (Locator Identifier Separation Protocol) for multihoming and load-balancing purposes and presents an illustrative scenario for the case of mobile IoT (e.g., the “things” part of vehicular or public transportation systems, PTS) that are also intensive bandwidth consumers, like the case of connected multimedia “things.” We have implemented and tested a demonstrator of a mobile LISP IoT gateway that is also integrated with Cloud-based video analytics.

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Grujovic, Darko, and Mirjana Simic. "Adaptive algorithm for mobile user positioning based on environment estimation." Serbian Journal of Electrical Engineering 11, no. 3 (2014): 465–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sjee1403465g.

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This paper analyzes the challenges to realize an infrastructure independent and a low-cost positioning method in cellular networks based on RSS (Received Signal Strength) parameter, auxiliary timing parameter and environment estimation. The proposed algorithm has been evaluated using field measurements collected from GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) network, but it is technology independent and can be applied in UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunication Systems) and LTE (Long-Term Evolution) networks, also.

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Satria, Dedi. "Implementation of Communication Systems based on the Global System for Mobile Communications in Flood Monitoring Application with Web-Based Geospatial Information." International Journal of Emerging Trends in Engineering Research 8, no. 2 (February 15, 2020): 510–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.30534/ijeter/2020/38822020.

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Wang, Hua, Yanchun Zhang, Jinli Cao, and Yahiko Kambayahsi. "A Global Ticket-Based Access Scheme for Mobile Users." Information Systems Frontiers 6, no. 1 (March 2004): 35–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:isfi.0000015873.35795.5e.

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AbdElHamid, Amr, Peng Zong, and Bassant Abdelhamid. "Advanced Software Ground Station and UAV Development for NLoS Control Using Mobile Communications." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2015 (2015): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/285746.

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Over the last decades, Unmanned Aerial Systems (UASs) have gained much attention due to their various applications in different sections. However, their communication range is limited to utilized communication equipment. Therefore, utilization of GSM channels opens a new prospect towards long distance UAV missions and mobile command and control centers. This paper demonstrates new design and development of a small-scale UAV and a Ground Control Station (GCS) using GSM bidirectional communications for Non-Line of Sight (NLoS) long range control. GCSs are considered the front end node in UAV guidance process. Therefore, the proposed GCS employs a two-layer framework to consider all ground pilot requirements. Moreover, a new exploitation of global weather forecast data is added to the GCS. On the other hand, the proposed airborne system utilizes a new integration of different Commercial off-the-Shelf (COTS) components and excludes short range receivers. The ground and flight tests show that stable bidirectional GSM communication is established, reliable hardware integration is accomplished, real time performance is achieved, GCS functional fidelity is obtained, and low cost is maintained. Finally, some qualitative aspects of the proposed platform are presented to address the detailed features.

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Döken, Bora, and Mesut Kartal. "Triple band frequency selective surface design for global system for mobile communication systems." IET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation 10, no. 11 (August 2016): 1154–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-map.2016.0021.

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Libati, Hastings M., Captain F. Kanungwe, Fines Miyoba, and Ndiwa Mutemwa. "Development of a Real Time Trains Monitoring System." Zambia ICT Journal 1, no. 1 (December 11, 2017): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.33260/zictjournal.v1i1.15.

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With the evolution of technology that has occurred in digital systems, new services have appeared that can be applied in railways. Radio communications play an important role in the management of, exploration and maintenance of railway transports. Due to the importance of efficient service delivery and security in railways, there is need to integrate the use of the Global System for Mobile communication and global positioning systems. Transportation is a large and important part of the economy of any country. Railway transportation is one of the main transportation systems worldwide. To this effect, we should have a good and strong monitoring system that can locate a train at every instant. In this research, a proposal has been made for the implementation of a Global Positioning System (GPS) and global system for mobile communication (GSM) based train monitoring system on Tanzania Zambia Railway Authority (TAZARA) railway network that will enable controllers locate their trains at every instant. The GPS-GSM/GPRS (General Packet Radio System) module will be incorporated in the system. A GSM/GPRS module will transmit the location information to a web server. Every track and locomotive will be assigned a unique number for identification. The information of the train location will be continuously updated when the train is moving and the users will be accessing the information via the web. The updated information will be stored in the web server. Clients will request for particular train status and a designed web application will show the status in a Google map. An alternative radio voice communication system will be incorporated in the locomotives in case of failure on the monitoring system. This implementation will greatly improve service delivery to the company.

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Waheed, Abdul, Jianhua Yang, and Jon K. Webber. "Reinforcing Consumers’ Impulsive Buying Tendencies through M-Devices and Emails in Pakistan." Interdisciplinary Journal of Information, Knowledge, and Management 13 (2018): 045–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/3964.

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Aim/Purpose: The current study investigates the relationship between mobile and email marketing and consumer impulse buying tendencies in Pakistan. Background: Technology has become a primary driver for all business operations, which has dramatically transformed the wireless communications marketing paradigm. However, researchers have claimed that further inquiry is still needed to explore the role that distinct and emerging global technologies have on marketing communication strategies. This study explores the linkage of mobile and email marketing on consumers’ impulse buying behavior in Pakistan. Methodology: Primary data were collected through the distribution of 1000 questionnaires among students of different universities within two provinces of Pakistan: Punjab and Khyber Pakhton Khan (KPK). The study was conducted between November 2016 and March 2017. The authors received back 950 surveys, which is a very significant rate of return (95%). Of those submitted, 900 surveys were deemed eligible for analysis after improper documents were eliminated. Structure equation modeling (SEM) was utilized to test the study’s hypotheses. Contribution: This study assists organizations in improving marketing campaigns by focusing more on mobile devices (m-devices) and email medium to better comprehend consumers’ assessment processes at a lower budgetary cost. Such digital considerations could provide innovative possibilities for marketers in approaching their target market by adopting novel methods for information sharing. Findings: The findings revealed a positive association between mobile and email marketing on consumers’ impulse buying tendencies. The comprehensive analysis affirmed; however, there is a higher positive relationship of mobile marketing results compared to email marketing outcomes. There are favorable benefits in considering such emerging methods in marketing communications as promotional strategies are considered by organizations. Recommendations for Practitioners: Marketers are encouraged to evaluate the potential of using both emerging mediums to take advantage of consumer impulse buying habits where m-devices and emails approaches are utilized. Future Research: Future inquiries might examine the global influence of m-devices and email technology toward other buying tendencies of consumers: exploratory, online, variety seeking, habitual, and other emerging complex on-demand buying behavior.

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Matuszewski, Benjamin, Norbert Schnell, and Frederic Bevilacqua. "Interaction Topologies in Mobile-Based Situated Networked Music Systems." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2019 (March 5, 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/9142490.

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In this paper, we present a complete framework, both technical and conceptual, aimed at developing and analysing Networked Music Systems. After a short description of our technical framework called soundworks, a JavaScript library especially designed for collective music interaction using web browser of mobile phones, we introduce a new conceptual framework, we named interaction topologies, that aims at providing a generic tool for the description of interaction in such systems. Our proposition differs from the theoretical approaches generally proposed in the literature by decoupling the description of interaction topologies from the low level technical implementation of the network. We then report on a set of scenarios and prototypes, illustrating and assessing our framework, which were successfully deployed in several public installations and performances. We particularly show that our concept of interaction topologies succeeds at describing and analysing global aspects of interaction from multiple point of views (e.g., social, human-computer) by allowing for composing simple abstract figures. We finally introduce a discussion on agencies and perception of users engaged in such systems that could later complete our framework to conceive and analyse Networked Music Systems.

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Ilcev, Stojce Dimov. "Introduction to inmarsat broadband global area network for mobile backbone networks." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 9, no. 2 (April 1, 2020): 843–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v9i2.2136.

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In this paper is introduced the Inmarsat Global Area Network (GAN) as backbone to mobile networks. At the end of 2005 Inmarsat launched its BGAN service as the first high speed wireless data solutions with voice available on a global basis. The service is accessed through a portable, broadband satellite transceiver with antenna easy to carry as a laptop. The BGAN network consists constellation of Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO) I-4 and I-5 satellites with an optimized ground network, which interconnects variety of terrestrial infrastructures at local BGAN users. This system employs bandwidth efficient modulation and coding techniques, capable of supporting variable bit-rate services and QoS depending on the needs of the application. The BGAN system is satellite component of 3G IMT-2000, specially the Universal Mobile Telecommunications Service (UMTS) standards. It will provide a near-global coverage overlay for the terrestrial networks, giving users service availability beyond the reach of terrestrial IMT-2000 networks. A range of supported terminals, personal devices, portable and mobile units linked with onboard entertainment, communications systems to remote base stations for civilian and military applications and SCADA or M2M are discussed.

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Shi, Wenbo, Debiao He, and Peng Gong. "On the Security of a Certificateless Proxy Signature Scheme with Message Recovery." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2013 (2013): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/761694.

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A proxy signature scheme allows a proxy signer to sign messages on behalf of an original signer within a given context. It has lots of practical applications in distributed systems, grid computing, mobile agent applications, distributed shared object systems, global distribution networks, and mobile communications. Recently, Padhye et al. proposed a certificateless proxy signature scheme with message recovery and claimed the scheme is secure against both of the two types of adversaries. However, in this paper, we will show that Padhye et al.’s scheme is not secure against the Type I adversary. The analysis shows their scheme is not secure for practical applications.

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Little, Jeanette, Amanda Schmeltz, Mabel Cooper, Tabitha Waldrop, Jeffrey S. Yarvis, Larry Pruitt, and Katy Dondanville. "Preserving Continuity of Behavioral Health Clinical Care to Patients Using Mobile Devices." Military Medicine 186, Supplement_1 (January 1, 2021): 137–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/milmed/usaa281.

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ABSTRACT Introduction The current model for treating behavioral health patients requires that providers and patients be in the same location for appointments. However, deploying warfighters present a challenge to this current model. Recent advances in technology make telehealth or virtual visits a viable option to replace the current model. This project leveraged mobile technology to see if performing tele-behavioral health visits presented a viable option to the current in-person model for future deployed warfighters. At the time of this publication, the authors note the current pandemic lends all the more urgency to the need for enhancing our video communication platforms for remote monitoring with the Military Health System. Materials and Methods The research team assessed existing Internet protocol-based desktop teleconferencing solutions, generically known as a Web Real-Time Communications (WebRTC) system, for establishing a secure connection to a Service Members personal mobile device outside of the Department of Defense (DoD) network. Of the five existing WebRTC systems evaluated, only the backbone component to the existing Defense Information Systems Agency Global Video Services (DISA GVS) known as Vidyo, was suitable to meet DoD security requirements and still connect with both major operating systems (OS) on mobile devices. An existing DoD program of record mobile application, mCare, was integrated with Vidyo desktop technologies to form what the research team called “Mobile Connect.” Results Deployment of the Mobile Connect product yielded distinct differences and high levels or variability between the .osd.mil and the army.mil network connections over time. These network differences impacted quality of service solution where Mobile Connect could not be used to provide care between the .mil and patient’s personal mobile devices from a osd.mil domain connection. The current DoD WebRTC systems offer potential solutions but presently cannot connect with personal mobile devices in their current configurations. Additionally, any WebRTC system used by the DoD for future connections to personal mobile device must leverage commercial Single Socket Layer certificates (e.g., not DoD issued), or the communications with the mobile device will fail as a result of an authentication error. Conclusion It is technically feasible to provide desktop Video Tele-Conference capabilities from a .mil computer to a personal mobile device without compromising DoD security and information assurance requirements using future WebRTC systems. Approved ports, protocols, and system settings must be configured to accept both inbound and outbound, encrypted traffic to/from personal mobile devices to maintain consistent quality of service with all DoD networks. Of the current DoD WebRTC options, working with the DISA GVS Program Manager to expand services to support commercial mobile devices has the highest probability of future success.

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Chen, Hsin-Yuan, and Chen-Hung Liu. "Hybrid GPS/GSM Positioning Systems Design with Fuzzy Logic." Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 12, no. 3 (May 20, 2008): 254–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2008.p0254.

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Global Positioning System (GPS) is based on a satellite system. Much work has been carried out on a non-satellite positioning systems using the existing Global System of Mobile Communications (GSM) infrastructure. This leads to a hybrid GPS/GSM positioning systems in the paper. We purpose to adopt GSM for positioning via an integrated switch design with fuzzy logic, if GPS lose efficacy. This induces four main research features in this paper. (1) Designs with optimal-based Fourier analyzer to achieve error of GPS decrease is presented. (2) New applications of fuzzy set theory are presented to solve the problem of GPS accuracy. (3) An integrated switch of fuzzy logic is designed for selecting GPS or GSM positioning systems. (4) Discussions on various GSM positioning methods are adopted with different error and location parameters of environment.

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Zhou, Huachun, Hongke Zhang, Yajuan Qin, Hwang-Cheng Wang, and Han-Chieh Chao. "A Proxy Mobile IPv6 Based Global Mobility Management Architecture and Protocol." Mobile Networks and Applications 15, no. 4 (July 2, 2009): 530–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11036-009-0185-2.

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Lebl, Aleksandar, Dragan Mitic, Vladimir Matic, Mladen Mileusnic, and Zarko Markov. "A novel method for the codecs’ performance analysis in mobile telephony systems." Facta universitatis - series: Electronics and Energetics 33, no. 2 (2020): 243–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fuee2002243l.

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This paper presents a novel method of expressing the quality of service in a mobile telecommunication system when its performance depends on several factors including applied codecs? characteristics (voice quality and data flow rate) and telecommunications traffic service possibilities. The influence of these factors is unified in one variable - quality of service measure. The proposed method is especially applicable in the cases when two-dimensional systems are analyzed - for example when two codecs with different flow rate and different achievable connection quality are used in a system. As an example, we also studied system with full-rate or mixed full-rate and half-rate codec implementation depending on the offered traffic. The system performances - mean dataflow and mean connection quality as a function of offered traffic are presented graphically and also expressed quantitatively by the novel quality of service measure. The systems with different number of available traffic channels may be compared on the base of this novel evaluation value such that the system with the highest value is the most suitable one for the concrete situation. In this way mobile system design is simplified to the great extent. The developed model is applicable generally for mobile telephony systems defining, but in this paper we studied its implementation for Global System for Mobile communications.

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Dyduch, Janusz, and Mieczysław Kornaszewski. "New systems in management of railway traffic in Poland." Transportation Overview - Przeglad Komunikacyjny 2017, no. 10 (October 1, 2017): 45–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.35117/a_eng_17_10_06.

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The new computer's solutions and microprocessor technology, microcomputers and the programmable controllers (PLC) for management of train traffic, which are implemented, contribute to the creation of modern rail traffic control systems. These systems provide high reliability, low power consumption, stability and safety of the trains' movement. One of the most important things for the boards of railway European countries is unification the systems of rail transport, in particular unification the signaling systems and control of the rail traffic. A good solution is as soon as possible implementation the European Rail Traffic Management System (ERTMS), which connect the system of safe operation of trains ETCS and the digital Global System for Mobile Communications – Railways GSM-R.

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Van Tran, Quoc, and Hyo-Sung Ahn. "Distributed Formation Control of Mobile Agents via Global Orientation Estimation." IEEE Transactions on Control of Network Systems 7, no. 4 (December 2020): 1654–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcns.2020.2993253.

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Babu Bollini, Dinaker, Mannava Muniratnam Naidu, and Mallikharjuna Rao Nuka. "Measurement of Mobile Switching Centres Throughput in GSM Network Integrating Sliding Window Algorithm with a Single Server Finite Queuing Model." Journal of Computer Networks and Communications 2016 (2016): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/2061347.

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The sliding window algorithm proposed for determining an optimal sliding window does not consider the waiting times of call setup requests of a mobile station in queue at a Mobile Switching Centre (MSC) in the Global System for Mobile (GSM) Communication Network. This study proposes a model integrating the sliding window algorithm with a single server finite queuing model, referred to as integrated model for measurement of realistic throughput of a MSC considering the waiting times of call setup requests. It assumes that a MSC can process one call setup request at a time. It is useful in determining an optimal sliding window size that maximizes the realistic throughput of a MSC. Though the model assumes that a MSC can process one call setup request at a time, its scope can be extended for measuring the realistic throughput of a MSC that can process multiple call setup requests at a time.

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Antolín, Diego, Nicolás Medrano, and Belén Calvo. "Reliable Lifespan Evaluation of a Remote Environment Monitoring System Based on Wireless Sensor Networks and Global System for Mobile Communications." Journal of Sensors 2016 (2016): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/4248230.

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The use of wireless sensor networks (WSN) for monitoring physical and chemical variables in large areas allows density and frequency measurements which have been unavailable to date in classical measurement systems. To fully take advantage of this technology in a particular application, besides an accurate design and selection of all the components involved in its operation, it is essential to dispose of reliable lifetime estimation prior to deployment. This paper presents an experimental approach to determine the actual lifetime of such battery-operated systems, making use of a custom WSN architecture, and for different batteries technologies. To render a reliable evaluation, the energy consumption of the sensor nodes under their different operation modes, in correlation with the battery characteristics and the voltage regulation system, is jointly considered. The result is a complete and practical lifetime model, whose appropriate performance has been validated in a real deployment scenario.

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Nadir, Z., and F. Touati. "Class-E Amplifier Design Improvements for GSM Frequencies." Journal of Engineering Research [TJER] 7, no. 2 (June 1, 2011): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/tjer.vol8iss1pp74-82.

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Efficient power amplifiers are essential in portable battery-operated systems such as mobile phones. Also, the power amplifier (PA) is the most power-consuming building block in the transmitter of a portable system. This paper investigates how the efficiency of the power amplifier (which is beneficial for multiple applications in communcation sector) can be improved by increasing the efficiency of switching mode class E power amplifiers for frequencies of 900 MHz and 1800 MHz. The paper tackles modeling, design improvements and verification through simulation for higher efficiencies. This is the continuation of previous work by the authors. These nonlinear power amplifiers can only amplify constant-envelope RF signals without introducing significant distortion. Mobile systems such as Advanced Mobile Phone System (AMPS) and Global System for Mobile communications (GSM) use modulation schemes which generate constant amplitude RF outputs in order to use efficient but nonlinear power amplifiers. Improvements in designs are suggested and higher efficiencies are achieved, to the tune of 67.1% (for 900 MHz) and 67.0% (1800 MHz).

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Choi, Okkyung, Kangseok Kim, Duksang Wang, Hongjin Yeh, and Manpyo Hong. "Personalized Mobile Information Retrieval System." International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems 9, no. 1 (January 1, 2012): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/50910.

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Building a global Network Relations with the internet has made huge changes in personal information system and even comments left on a webpage of SNS(Social Network Services) are appreciated as important elements that would provide valuable information for someone. Social Network is a relation between individuals or groups, represented in a graph model, which converts the concept of psychological and social relations into a logical structure by using node and link. But, most of the current personalized systems on the basis of Social Network are built and constructed mainly in the PC environment, and the systems are neither designed nor implemented in mobile environment. Hence, the objective of this study is to propose methods of providing Personalized Mobile Information Retrieval System using NFC (Near Field Communication) Smartphone, which will be then used for Smartphone users. Besides, this study aims to verify its efficiency through a comparative analysis of existing studies.

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Hasan, Ihsan Jabbar, Bushra Mahmoud Waheib, Nahla Abdul Jalil Salih, and Nadhir Ibrahim Abdulkhaleq. "A global system for mobile communications-based electrical power consumption for a non-contact smart billing system." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 11, no. 6 (December 1, 2021): 4659. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v11i6.pp4659-4666.

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This paper proposes a cheap solution to be a starting point for building smart electrical power billing systems. Electrical power has many challenges issues in Iraq, one of these challenges and the most important is the Billing system. The smart power meter uses an Arduino Uno as the core for controlling the sensed data and transmits it to the electrical power unit for billing services. The system is constructed with two parts: the transmitting unit measures the current, voltage, power and power factor through the compact new sensor PZEM-004T. The data sensed and processed by the microcontroller which displayed the KWh on (2*16 LCD) display. This data also transmitted to the electrical power company unit via the global system for mobile communications (GSM) module (SIM900A) which is a dual band GSM/GPRS-general packet radio service modem. The receiving part is mainly dedicated for collecting the required consumed power data via the same (SIM900A) module and also can display it using (2*16 LCD) display. For the sake of saving these data, the receiver part uses SD ram for such purposes. With such proposed system the electrical power company can control and collect their fees monthly without loss and with minimum cost.

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Dhondge, Kaustubh, Hyungbae Park, Baek-Young Choi, and Sejun Song. "ECOPS: Energy-Efficient Collaborative Opportunistic Positioning for Heterogeneous Mobile Devices." Journal of Computer Networks and Communications 2013 (2013): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/136213.

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The fast growing popularity of smartphones and tablets enables us to use various intelligent mobile applications. As many of those applications require position information, smart mobile devices provide positioning methods such as Global Positioning System (GPS), WiFi-based positioning system (WPS), or Cell-ID-based positioning service. However, those positioning methods have different characteristics of energy-efficiency, accuracy, and service availability. In this paper, we present an Energy-Efficient Collaborative and Opportunistic Positioning System (ECOPS) for heterogeneous mobile devices. ECOPS facilitates a collaborative environment where many mobile devices can opportunistically receive position information over energy-efficient and prevalent WiFi, broadcasted from a few other devices in the communication range. The position-broadcasting devices in ECOPS have sufficient battery power and up-to-date location information obtained from accurate but energy-inefficient GPS. A position receiver in ECOPS estimates its location using a combination of methods including received signal strength indicators and 2D trilateration. Our field experiments show that ECOPS significantly reduces the total energy consumption of devices while achieving an acceptable level of location accuracy. ECOPS can be especially useful for unique resource scarce, infrastructureless, and mission critical scenarios such as battlefields, border patrol, mountaineering expeditions, and disaster area assistance.

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Ding, Jianwen, Lei Zhang, Jingya Yang, Bin Sun, and Jiying Huang. "Broadband Wireless Channel in Composite High-Speed Railway Scenario: Measurements, Simulation, and Analysis." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2017 (2017): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/2897636.

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The rapid development of high-speed railway (HSR) and train-ground communications with high reliability, safety, and capacity promotes the evolution of railway dedicated mobile communication systems from Global System for Mobile Communications-Railway (GSM-R) to Long Term Evolution-Railway (LTE-R). The main challenges for LTE-R network planning are the rapidly time-varying channel and high mobility, because HSR lines consist of a variety of complex terrains, especially the composite scenarios where tunnels, cuttings, and viaducts are connected together within a short distance. Existing researches mainly focus on the path loss and delay spread for the individual HSR scenarios. In this paper, the broadband measurements are performed using a channel sounder at 950 MHz and 2150 MHz in a typical HSR composite scenario. Based on the measurements, the pivotal characteristics are analyzed for path loss exponent, power delay profile, and tap delay line model. Then, the deterministic channel model in which the 3D ray-tracing algorithm is applied in the composite scenario is presented and validated by the measurement data. Based on the ray-tracing simulations, statistical analysis of channel characteristics in delay and Doppler domain is carried out for the HSR composite scenario. The research results can be useful for radio interface design and optimization of LTE-R system.

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Gruenwald, Hermann. "Logistics Information Systems (LIS) on the Go-Mobile Apps and Social Media." Information Management and Business Review 7, no. 4 (August 30, 2015): 64–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/imbr.v7i4.1164.

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Logistics has evolved over the past few decades from transportation and warehousing to global Supply Chain Management (SCM). This requires the coordination of the flow of material, money and information. The velocity of doing business has increased and manual operations have been automated. Modern Logistic Information Systems (LIS) with all its logistics related sub systems are replacing muscle power with brain power and pencil and paper with smart phones and social media. The virtual aspect of logistics has become equally important to the physical realm of transportation and warehousing. Supply Chain Management (SCM) deals with getting the right stuff to the right people at the right time in the right amount. To accomplish this task there are a number of more or less integrated logistics software application. Demand forecasting models based on historical data from data marts and data warehouses with built in seasonality and pricing models. Load planning software to appropriately palletize, containerize and load trucks, trains and vessels. Route planning software with real time traffic and weather updates combined with Global Positioning Systems (GPS) to reduce transportation time and fuel costs. Warehouse Management Systems (WMS) to receive, put-away, store, receive and marshal the shipment. Electronic documents accompany the shipment from purchase order, letter of credit to customs clearing and back-haul charges. While these applications in the past have been mostly desktop applications used in the office at the management level, the move is to mobile applications. The footprint of LIS is getting smaller and is moving from the desktop to the Smartphone. At the core of any logistic information systems (LIS) is electronic communication. With the advent of the internet and social media personal communication has taken on other forms. With smart phones and tablets like the I-Phone and I-Pad e-commerce advanced to m-commerce. While technology enables the global supply chain, how do future logistics professionals feel about applying this cutting edge communication technology in their personal and professional lives? This quantitative study compares the aptitude of Thai logistics management students towards the use of social media and modern mobile telecommunication technology in their personal lives and in the context of professional use in connection with logistics information systems (LIS).

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Niu, Kun, Changgen Peng, Weijie Tan, Zhou Zhou, and Yi Xu. "Verifiable Location-Encrypted Spatial Aggregation Computing for Mobile Crowd Sensing." Security and Communication Networks 2021 (April 28, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6654539.

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Benefiting from the development of smart urban computing, the mobile crowd sensing (MCS) network has emerged as momentous communication technology to sense and collect data. The users upload data for specific sensing tasks, and the server completes the aggregation analysis and submits to the sensing platform. However, users’ privacy may be disclosed, and aggregate results may be unreliable. Those are challenges in the trust computation and privacy protection, especially for sensitive data aggregation with spatial information. To address these problems, a verifiable location-encrypted spatial aggregation computing (LeSAC) scheme is proposed for MCS privacy protection. In order to solve the spatial domain distributed user ciphertext computing, firstly, we propose an enhanced-distance-based interpolation calculation scheme, which participates in delegate evaluator based on Paillier homomorphic encryption. Then, we use aggregation signature of the sensing data to ensure the integrity and security of the data. In addition, security analysis indicates that the LeSAC can achieve the IND-CPA indistinguishability semantic security. The efficiency analysis and simulation results demonstrate the communication and computation overhead of the LeSAC. Meanwhile, we use the real environment sensing data sets to verify availability of proposed scheme, and the loss of accuracy (global RMSE) is only less than 5%, which can meet the application requirements.

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Miraz, Mahdi H., Maaruf Ali, and Peter S. Excell. "Cultural, Economic and Societal Impacts on Users’ Behaviour and Mobile Broadband Adoption Trends." Annals of Emerging Technologies in Computing 1, no. 1 (October 1, 2017): 34–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.33166/aetic.2017.01.005.

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The diverse range of Internet enabled devices both mobile and fixed has not only impacted the global economy but the very fabric of human communications and lifestyles. The ease of access and lowered cost has enabled hitherto diametrically opposed people to interact and influence each other globally. The consequence of which is the dire need to address the way culture affects interaction with information systems across the world. The many facets of which encompasses human behaviour, socio-economic and cultural factors including lifestyles and the way of interaction with the information system. The study group involved participants from Bangladesh and the United Kingdom to ascertain the users’ behavioural patterns and mobile broadband technology diffusion trends.

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Javed, Iram, Xianlun Tang, Kamran Shaukat, Muhammed Umer Sarwar, Talha Mahboob Alam, Ibrahim A. Hameed, and Muhammad Asim Saleem. "V2X-Based Mobile Localization in 3D Wireless Sensor Network." Security and Communication Networks 2021 (February 10, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6677896.

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In a wireless sensor network (WSN), node localization is a key requirement for many applications. The concept of mobile anchor-based localization is not a new concept; however, the localization of mobile anchor nodes gains much attention with the advancement in the Internet of Things (IoT) and electronic industry. In this paper, we present a range-free localization algorithm for sensors in a three-dimensional (3D) wireless sensor networks based on flying anchors. The nature of the algorithm is also suitable for vehicle localization as we are using the setup much similar to vehicle-to-infrastructure- (V2I-) based positioning algorithm. A multilayer C-shaped trajectory is chosen for the random walk of mobile anchor nodes equipped with a Global Positioning System (GPS) and broadcasts its location information over the sensing space. The mobile anchor nodes keep transmitting the beacon along with their position information to unknown nodes and select three further anchor nodes to form a triangle. The distance is then computed by the link quality induction against each anchor node that uses the centroid-based formula to compute the localization error. The simulation shows that the average localization error of our proposed system is 1.4 m with a standard deviation of 1.21 m. The geometrical computation of localization eliminated the use of extra hardware that avoids any direct communication between the sensors and is applicable for all types of network topologies.

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El-Azouzi, Rachid, Essaid Sabir, Tania Jiménez, and El-Houssine Bouyakhf. "Modeling Slotted Aloha as a Stochastic Game with Random Discrete Power Selection Algorithms." Journal of Computer Systems, Networks, and Communications 2009 (2009): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/572650.

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We consider the uplink case of a cellular system where bufferless mobiles transmit over a common channel to a base station, using the slotted aloha medium access protocol. We study the performance of this system under several power differentiation schemes. Indeed, we consider a random set of selectable transmission powers and further study the impact of priorities given either to new arrival packets or to the backlogged ones. Later, we address a general capture model where a mobile transmits successfully a packet if its instantaneous SINR (signal to interferences plus noise ratio) is lager than some fixed threshold. Under this capture model, we analyze both the cooperative team in which a common goal is jointly optimized as well as the noncooperative game problem where mobiles reach to optimize their own objectives. Furthermore, we derive the throughput and the expected delay and use them as the objectives to optimize and provide a stability analysis as alternative study. Exhaustive performance evaluations were carried out, we show that schemes with power differentiation improve significantly the individual as well as global performances, and could eliminate in some cases the bi-stable nature of slotted aloha.

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Wu, Hejun, Zhimin Ding, and Jiannong Cao. "GROLO: Realistic Range-Based Localization for Mobile IoTs Through Global Rigidity." IEEE Internet of Things Journal 6, no. 3 (June 2019): 5048–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2019.2895127.

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Ouyang, Ye, and M. Hosein Fallah. "A Dimensioning Study for UMTS Core Networks." International Journal of Business Data Communications and Networking 6, no. 2 (April 2010): 19–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jbdcn.2010040102.

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Current literature provides many practical tools and theoretical methods to design, plan, and dimension Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) and Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) radio networks but overlooks the algorithms of network planning and dimensioning for core networks of GSM, UMTS and IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS). This paper introduces an algorithm for traffic, bandwidth and throughput dimensioning of the network entities in the UMTS core network, based on the traffic and throughput generated or absorbed in the interfaces of the network entities. A case study is provided to verify the algorithms created for UMTS core network. This paper helps UMTS network operators dimension and build an optimum network to deliver the best quality of service for users. The algorithms developed in the paper have been successfully applied in dimensioning a nationwide UMTS network in North Africa and adopted in an optimization tool by a mobile operator in the United States in 2008-2009.

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Romanova, Irina K. "The Use of UAVs to Save People in the Mountains: Tasks, Problems, Perspective." ITM Web of Conferences 35 (2020): 04018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/itmconf/20203504018.

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The actual problem of organizing and conducting rescue operations in the mountains is considered. The achievements associated with the following factors were noted: the active development of UAVs of various designs, masses, and equipment; development of new information systems, including sensors, communication systems; the emergence of new image processing algorithms and other types of data based on artificial intelligence methods. It was emphasized that a fundamentally new achievement that opens up broad prospects is an integrated approach to the use of rescue equipment, including ground-based mobile equipment, UAVs of various types, global navigation and mobile communications, and professional rescuers. Problems were identified that are associated with the difficulties of the task, including a complex mountainous terrain, snow cover, avalanches, strong winds, low temperatures, immobility and even lack of communication with the victims. The article considers the problem of low temperatures, which leads to icing, which gives rise to an uncontrolled change in the properties of the control object UAVs, difficulties in the functioning of control elements, and distortion of the sensors. Based on the methods of artificial intelligence, including modern methods of detecting damage, a comparative analysis of different approaches was carried out and a predominant approach was drawn, which allows a high degree of certainty to detect problems of UAV icing and timely change of control system settings.

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Usikalu, M. R., G. Nwosu, C. A. Onumejor, A. Akinpelu, and M. L. Akinyemi. "Investigation into Customer Relation of Two Global Systems for Mobile Communication (GSM) Service Provider in Nigeria." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1299 (August 2019): 012048. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1299/1/012048.

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Soldado Serrano, Inmaculada, José García Doblado, Ignazio Federico Finazzi, and María Ángeles Martín Prats. "Simless GSM positioning for navigation in GPS-denied environments." Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 90, no. 7 (October 1, 2018): 1072–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aeat-01-2017-0029.

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Purpose Until now, air navigation systems have mainly relied on global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) on the worldwide spread global positioning system. However, the so-called GNSS-denied environments open a new research line which pursues the development of alternative technologies which will cover this gap in positioning systems’ services. Design/methodology/approach This paper presents the possibility of using positioning systems based on global system for mobile communications (GSM) signal. This approach developed in a standalone device will provide real-time information. The presented algorithm pursues a new methodology for providing useful information. Findings Among all the different technologies aimed at giving a navigation solution in the absence of any kind of GNSS in which this paper is based, it advocates for the use of the signals of opportunity, particularly the usage of GSM. Practical implications Technology is currently immersed in an era of continuous progress and expansion of navigation systems. These are evolving toward high performance systems, offering precise, efficient and safe air navigation. In addition, the growing demand for unmanned aerial vehicles increases the level of exigency on this activity even more. Therefore, in the context of the development of unmanned navigation technologies, the aim is to implement positioning systems that will allow high precision even in though environments. Originality/value Referencing the SIMless concept, a SIM-free system is described in this paper. The SIM-free system is supported by open data bases and permits the positioning based on the information sniffed from the signals broadcast by a set of several nearby base station of the GSM network. Hence, it provides same and in some cases even better accuracies than the already developed techniques, not being necessary to synchronize the link between the mobile terminal and the base station transceiver (BTS).

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Ulger, Fatma, Ahmet Dilek, Saban Esen, Mustafa Sunbul, and Hakan Leblebicioglu. "Are healthcare workers’ mobile phones a potential source of nosocomial infections? Review of the literature." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 9, no. 10 (October 29, 2015): 1046–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.6104.

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Mobile communication devices help accelerate in-hospital flow of medical information, information sharing and querying, and contribute to communications in the event of emergencies through their application and access to wireless media technology. Healthcare-associated infections remain a leading and high-cost problem of global health systems despite improvements in modern therapies. The objective of this article was to review different studies on the relationship between mobile phones (MPs) and bacterial cross-contamination and report common findings. Thirty-nine studies published between 2005 and 2013 were reviewed. Of these, 19 (48.7%) identified coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS), and 26 (66.7%) identified Staphylococcus aureus; frequency of growth varied. The use of MPs by healthcare workers increases the risk of repetitive cyclic contamination between the hands and face (e.g., nose, ears, and lips), and differences in personal hygiene and behaviors can further contribute to the risks. MPs are rarely cleaned after handling. They may transmit microorganisms, including multiple resistant strains, after contact with patients, and can be a source of bacterial cross-contamination. To prevent bacterial contamination of MPs, hand-washing guidelines must be followed and technical standards for prevention strategies should be developed.

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Khanbary, Lutfi Mohammed Omer, and Deo Prakash Vidyarthi. "A GPS Based Deterministic Channel Allocation for Cellular Network in Mobile Computing." International Journal of Business Data Communications and Networking 5, no. 4 (October 2009): 33–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jbdcn.2009091703.

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The scarcity of the radio channel is the main bottleneck toward maintaining the quality of service (QoS) in a mobile cellular network. As channel allocation schemes become more complex and computationally demanding, alternative computational models that include knowledge-based algorithms and provide the means for faster processing are becoming a topic of research interest. An efficient deterministic technique, capable of handling channel allocation problems, is introduced as an alternative. The proposed model utilizes the Global Positioning System (GPS) data for tracing the hosts’ likely movements within and across the cells and allocates the channels to the mobile devices accordingly. The allocation of the channels to the mobile hosts is deterministic in the sense that the decision of the channel allocation is based on the realistic data received from the GPS about the hosts’ movements. The performance of the proposed technique has been evaluated by conducting the simulation experiments for the two parameters—call blocking and handoff failures. Also, a comparison of the proposed model with an earlier model has been carried out to estimate the effectiveness of the proposed technique. Experimental results reveal that the proposed technique performs better and is more realistic as well.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Global Systems for Mobile Communications'

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