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Rein, Johanna, and Michaela Swanson. "From Pond to Plate : The implementation of standards in Global Value Chains." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-256478.
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Increased international trade has sparked a debate on the need to coordinate dispersedactivities in Global Value Chains, linking production to end consumers. Implementationof standards has in the literature on Global Value Chains been suggested as a wayto coordinate a value chain. We have investigated the value chain of shrimp andprawns production in Bangladesh, in order to analyze if standards placed by the EUhave proven a successful way to coordinate the value chain. The implementation ofstandards has been studied to capture the coordination in the value chain. A singlecase study was conducted with interviews from a sample of actors in direct or closeconnection to the production of shrimp and prawns in Bangladesh. The focus of thestudy has been on the perspectives of the individuals and if and how standards areimplemented successfully in a social context. The attempt has been to bridgeunderstandings of implementation of standards together with knowledge of the complexnature of Global Value Chains. The results show that there are multiple challengesto successful implementation of standards. Hurdles can especially be linked tothe ability to follow standards where lack of human- and financial resources havebeen found. In addition, the will to follow standards can have an impact when traditionalmethods stand in the way and immediate financial incentives are not in place.
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Queiroz, Evodio Kaltenecker Retto de. "O papel da interação com usuários finais no upgrading em GVC digitais." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3136/tde-12032018-113022/.
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Este trabalho busca avançar o conhecimento sobre Global Value Chains (GVC) e inovação com usuários ao estudar a influência da colaboração dos usuários finais no upgrading de desenvolvedores em cadeias digitais. A pesquisa sugere que esforços de inovação entre uma empresa fornecedora em cadeias digitais e seus usuários finais levam a tipos preferenciais de upgrading, que variam em função de características específicas da indústria de jogos e da governança da cadeia na qual o desenvolvedor está inserido. Os referenciais teóricos das Cadeias Globais de Valor (GVC), inovação com usuários finais e método de regressão logística são utilizados para estabelecer as estruturas analíticas para este trabalho. Os resultados do trabalho são: (i) validação do modelo MOA+ID (Motivação, Oportunidade, Habilidade, e Infraestrutura Digital) para estudar a colaboração entre fornecedores e usuário final; (ii) identificação que o impacto da interação com usuários finais no upgrading de desenvolvedores em cadeias jogos digitais depende de características específicas de tal indústria, e (iii) identificação que o impacto da interação com usuários no upgrading de desenvolvedores em cadeias jogos digitais depende da governança da cadeia na qual o desenvolvedor está inserido. Desenvolvedores de jogos pertencentes a cadeias cujas governança são dos tipos Mercado e Relacional apresentam upgrading devido a colaboração com usuário final por que possuem liberdade e competências para se beneficiarem da relação com usuários final. Desenvolvedores de jogos pertencentes a cadeias cujas governança são dos tipos Modular e Cativa não apresentam upgrading devido à interação com usuário devido ao baixo nível de dependência do governante da cadeia.This work seeks to advance knowledge about Global Value Chains (GVC) and innovation with end-users through the study of the influence of collaboration with end-user on the upgrading of developers in digital chains. The research suggests that innovation efforts between a supplier in digital chains and end-users lead to preferential types of upgrading, which will vary depending on the specific characteristics of the digital gaming industry and the governance of the chain in which the developer is embedded. The theoretical frameworks of Global Value Chains (GVC), innovation with end-users and method of logistic regression are used to establish the analytical structures for this work. The results of the work are: (i) validation of the MOA + DI model (Motivation, Opportunity Ability, Digital Infrastructure) to study collaboration between suppliers and end-user; (ii) recognition that the impact of innovation with end-users on the upgrading of developers in digital game chains depends on specific characteristics of such industry, and (iii) recognition that the impact of innovation with end users on the upgrading of developers in digital game chains depends on the chain governance in which the developer is embedded. Game developers under the Market and Relational types of governance present upgrading due to collaboration with endusers because such developers have freedom and competencies to benefit from the end-user interface. Game developers under the Modular and Captive types of governance chains do not experienced upgrading due to the interface with end-user because such firms do not have opportunities and competencies to benefit from the end-user interface.
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Knauss, Steven. "Downgrading in Global Value Chains : theoretical and empirical inquiry into developmental difficulties in the globalization era." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019USPCD062.
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Cette thèse a pour projet la considération de la nature précise de l’intégration des pays en voie de développement au sein des chaînes globales de valeur (CGV) du point de vue des conséquences économiques et sociales qu’il leur apporte à l’ère de la mondialisation (des années 1990 jusqu’au présent). Après avoir minutieusement délimité les frontières des chaînes afin de mieux trancher ce qui est et ce qui n’est pas une relation CGV (chapitres 2-3), des nouveaux indicateurs sont développés pour voir quels sont les résultats les plus fréquents de l’intégration des CGV. À ce titre, une étude empirique – à l’échelle macro et portant sur des dizaines des pays – est menée pour la période 1995-2008 dont les résultats (chapitre 3) mettent en cause le récit de l’upgrading (mise à niveau des positions économiques et sociales) largement divulgué par les grandes institutions internationales. Par conséquent, nous théorisons la nature généralisée de ce qui s’appelle downgrading (ou l’absence de l’upgrading attendu par le récit dominant) en saisissant des idées les plus pertinentes de la théorie de la dépendance et des auteurs critiques au sein de la perspective CGV (chapitres 4-5). Nous soutenons que l’intégration aux relations CGV pour les pays en développement se fait aux segments hyper-compétitifs des chaînes qui sont structurées asymétriquement, une structure qui est soutenue par les réserves de main d’oeuvre au niveau mondial et qui tire vers le bas la valeur ajoutée, les salaires et les normes sociales. Pour conclure la thèse, nous vérifions notre théorisation de “downgrading” avec des preuves empiriques (chapitre 6) au niveau secteur-pays pour la période la plus récente (2000-2014)Focusing on the emergence of global value chains (GVCs) as constituting the paradigmatic modality of integration linking developing and developed economies in the globalization era (1990s to the present day), this thesis aims to consider the precise nature of this modality in terms of the economic and social consequences it brings to developing nations. Carefully demarcating the boundaries of what do and do not constitute GVC relations (Chapters 2and 3), novel indicators are developed to test for common outcomes of GVC integration in a macro, cross-country study of the high globalization era (1995 – 2008). The results (Chapter 3) challengethe story often promoted by major global policy institutions, according to which closer GVC integration provides a country with better opportunities for ultimately “upgrading” its position interms of aggregate metrics of value-added, wages and overall social standards. In contrast, drawing on insights from the dependency tradition and critical GVC scholars (Chapters 4 and 5), we theorize “downgrading” as a more common outcome, contending that developing country integration into GVC relations typically takes place in hyper-competitive segments of asymmetric chain structures that are sustained by global labor reserves putting downward pressure on developing country value-added, wages and standards. We conclude by confirming this theory in further empirical testing (Chapter 6) at the country-sector level for the more recent period (2000-2014), where some post-2008 potential shifts are also noticed that should be of broader interest in the discussion of a recent globalization slowdown
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Теленкова, И. В., and I. V. Telenkova. "Развитие фармацевтической индустрии как части глобальной производственной системы : магистерская диссертация." Master's thesis, б. и, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10995/98007.
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Актуальность работы обосновывается необходимостью:
- выполнения законодательных документов, в т.ч. государственной программы РФ «Развитие фармацевтической и медицинской промышленности на период на 2013-2020 года», которая направлена на увеличение объема экспорта лекарственных средств до 75 млрд.руб. в 2020 году.
- устранения следующего противоречия: с одной стороны, происходит смещение географии мировой фармацевтической индустрии в сторону развивающихся рынков; с другой стороны, фармацевтический рынок Россия в отличие от Китая, Индии и Кореи, находится в начальной стадии развития. Объект исследования - фармацевтический рынок и фармацевтические ГЦС как части глобальной производственной системы. Предмет - стадия НИОКР в рамках фармацевтической ГЦС. Цель магистерской диссертации – уточнение теоретико-методологической платформы развития современной фармацевтической индустрии в контексте глобальной цепочки стоимости (ГЦС) и разработка рекомендаций для России. Согласно поставленной цели необходимо решить следующие задачи:
- уточнить сущность и методологию ГЦС-анализа с акцентом на стадию НИОКР;
- обобщить и структурировать особенности, тенденцииразвития мирового фармацевтического рынка;
- проанализировать деятельность фармацевтических компаний разных стран в условиях глобализации и провести ГЦС-анализ их функционирования (на примере ведущих компаний) с выделением звена НИОКР;
- выявить факторы локализации звена НИОКР ГЦС в разных странах;
- разработать рекомендации для российских компаний.
В результате решения задач получены следующие результаты, составляющие научную новизну исследования:
- уточнена сущность фармацевтических ГЦС с точки зрения глобальной производственной системы, систематизированы особенности ее стадии НИОКР;
- уточнена методологическая основа ГЦС-анализа и проведена его апробация на примере фармацевтических компаний АстраЗенека и Биокад;
- обобщены и структурированы особенности, тенденции развития мирового фармацевтического рынка , в том числе на основании результатов сравнительного анализа;
- выявлены факторы локализации звена НИОКР ГЦС в разных странах;
- разработаны рекомендации для российских компаний.
Методы исследования: сравнительного, эконометрического анализов, синтеза информации. Эмпирическая база: статистические базы UNCTAD; статистические базы Statista; статистические базы WTO; статистические базы OECD; аналитические базы Deloitte; аналитические базы The World Bank; ежегодные отчеты компаний. Магистерская диссертация выполнена в рамках гранта РФФИ №20-014-00011 «Сравнительный анализ выгод и рисков встраивания национальных компаний в ГЦС: на примере фармацевтической отрасли России, Беларуси и Казахстана» (научный руководитель Фролова Е.Д. участвует в этом проекте). Подготовлена статья: Теленкова И. В., Фролова Е.Д. Особенности развития звена НИОКР в фармацевтической ГЦС / Сборник докладов межд. конф. "Российские регион в фокусе перемен". Екатеринбург: УрФУ. - 2019. Стр. 39-41. Режим доступа: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=42847950.The relevance of the work is justified by the need for: - implementation of legislative documents, including the state program of the Russian Federation "Development of the pharmaceutical and medical industry for the period 2013-2020", which is aimed at increasing the volume of exports of medicines to 75 billion rubles in 2020. - elimination of the following contradiction: on the one hand, the geography of the global pharmaceutical industry is shifting towards emerging markets; on the other hand, the pharmaceutical market in Russia, unlike China, India and Korea, is in the initial stage of development. The object of research is the pharmaceutical market and pharmaceutical GVCs as part of the global production system. The subject is the R & D stage within the pharmaceutical GVC. The purpose of the master's thesis is to clarify the theoretical and methodological platform for the development of the modern pharmaceutical industry in the context of the global value chain (GCS) and to develop recommendations for Russia. According to the set goal, it is necessary to solve the following tasks: - clarify the nature and methodology of the GCC analysis with an emphasis on the R & D stage - to summarize and structure the features and trends of the global pharmaceutical market development; - analyze the activities of pharmaceutical companies in different countries in the context of globalization and conduct a GVC analysis of their functioning (on the example of leading companies) with the allocation of the R & D link; - identify the factors of localization of the R & D link of the GCS in different countries; - develop recommendations for Russian companies. As a result of solving the problems, the following results are obtained, which make up the scientific novelty of the study: - the essence of pharmaceutical GVCs from the point of view of the global production system was clarified, the features of its R & D stage was systematized; - the methodological basis of the GVC analysis was clarified and its approbation was carried out on the example of the pharmaceutical companies AstraZeneca and Biocad; - the features and trends in the development of the global pharmaceutical market were summarized and structured, including on the basis of the results of comparative analysis; - the factors of localization of the R & D link of the GCS in different countries were identified; - recommendations for Russian companies were developed. Research methods: comparative & econometric analysis, information synthesis. Empirical base: statistical databases UNCTAD; statistical databases Statista; statistical databases WTO; statistical databases OECD; statistical databases Deloitte; statistical databases The World Bank. The master's thesis was carried out within the framework of the Russian Fund of investigations grant No. 20-014-00011 "Comparative analysis of the benefits and risks of national companies which are integrated into GVCs: on the example of the pharmaceutical industry in Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan" (scientific supervisor Frolova E. D. participates in this project). Article prepared: Telenkova I. V., Frolova E. D. Features of the development of the R & D link in the pharmaceutical GTS / Collection of reports of the international conference "Russian regions in the focus of changes". Yekaterinburg: UrFU. - 2019. pp. 39-41. Access mode: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=42847950.
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Villa, Rodríguez Abel Osvaldo. "Global value chains (GVC) and social learning : developing producer capabilities in smallholder farmers : the case of San Francisco Produce/Peninsula Organics (SFP/PO)." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/33272.
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The thesis examines how resource-poor smallholder farmers in Mexico are integrated into a Global Value Chain. Most Global Value Chains depend on production located in developing countries. In agriculture, Global Value Chain tend to concentrate production in large enterprises and exclude smallholder farmers. The logic of Global Value Chains is to reduce the cost of production by allocating low value activities, such as production of commodities to developing countries to take advantage of cheap labour cost. High value activities such as branding, marketing and product development remain in high income countries. The thesis consists of the in-depth case study of San Francisco Produce/Peninsula Organics (SFP/PO) Global Value Chain. It is located throughout Southern Baja Peninsula in Mexico and San Francisco California, U.S.A. It sells organic certified produce to the American market, particularly California and east coast. SFP/PO was founded by a social entrepreneur and has been functioning for over 30 years. This Global Value Chain has an explicit social purpose. It focuses on integrating smallholder farmers into agricultural production. This value chain requires farmers to adopt organic production. The methods consisted of semi-structured interviews. In total, 50 interviews were conducted in Mexico to farmers that belong to the value chain in 9 co-operatives and 3 single farmers. The interviews focused on how farmers learned organic production to meet quality requirements of global buyers. The analysis uses three perspectives to explain the integration of smallholder farmers into SFP/PO and the development of organic production capabilities. First Global Value Chains are used to describe the network, connections and production activities smallholder farmers and global buyer carry out. The study sheds light on how the value chain achieves its social aims by using global markets and providing external inputs to improve farmers' livelihoods. Second, using Technological Capabilities the study explains the skills farmers need to develop to participate in the value chain. Third, a Communities of Practice perspective is used to explain how social learning is involved in developing production capabilities. The research explains how farmers collectively define competence and how they display three different levels of participation in the value chain, periphery, medium and full participation. And fourth, using the theory of Knowing in Action, the research explores co-learning between novice and expert farmers and the interactions among farmers that results in co-innovation to develop new technical solutions and crop varieties. The thesis presents a case of a value chain which is motivated by social purpose to improve livelihoods of smallholder farmers. The study demonstrates that there is a change of ethos, where global value chain integrates farmers into agricultural production. These data highlight the importance of social structures which allow farmer-to-farmer connections which enhance novice farmer skills enabling interactions where there is respect, and negotiation of knowledge. These interactions take indigenous farmers' knowledge into account in ways that can be acknowledged and harnessed in the form of practices and techniques to produce globally marketable products.
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Franssen, Loe. "Essays on global value chains." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2017. http://digitool.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=27940.
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The past four decades have seen a large increase in trade via Global Value Chains (GVCs) as well as the relative demand for skilled labour. This thesis centres around the question how the former influences the latter. It firstly describes the large theoretical and empirical ambiguity that exists in the literature before proposing a novel graphical exposition of the channels by which GVCs affect the relative demand for skilled labour. This graph can synthesize the literature and show how small changes in microeconomic foundations can crucially alter predicted outcomes, greatly reducing theoretical ambiguity. It can also serve as a conceptual framework for empirical analysis which should remain the key method to analyse the research question. Therefore, Chapters 2 and 3 employ micro and macro level data, respectively, and condition their results on the conclusions drawn from this conceptual framework. In line with that framework, this thesis finds that the relative skill abundance of the countries engaged in the GVC, which is used as a proxy for the factor bias of the GVC activity, crucially determines the results. On the other hand, the skill intensity of the sector that engages in GVCs does not seem to affect the results. This can best be interpreted in that GVCs allow (firms within) countries to specialise in their comparative advantage at an even more granular level than before, i.e. in the production of intermediate goods or tasks, rather than final goods. Finally, Chapter 4, rather than looking at the effects of GVCs, looks at some of the causes. While formal tariffs have been going down, allowing the expansion of GVCs, non-tariff measures (NTMs) have increased. Chapter 4, however, finds that these NTMs do not significantly affect the export values of goods within that same value chain.
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Foster-McGregor, Neil, Florian Kaulich, and Robert Stehrer. "Global Value Chains in Africa." United Nations University - Maastricht Economic and Social Research Institute on Innovation and Technology (UNU-MERIT), 2015. http://epub.wu.ac.at/4753/1/FosterMcGregor_Kaulich_Stehrer_2015_(UNU%2DMERIT_WP)_%2D%2D_Global_Value_Chains_in_Africa.pdf.
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This paper provides evidence on the extent of Global Value Chain (GVC) participation by Africa as a region and for individual African countries. We find that Africa as a whole is heavily involved in GVCs, being more engaged in GVCs than many developing country regions as well as developed countries such as the USA. This overall finding hides the fact that much of Africa's participation in GVCs is in upstream production, with African firms providing primary inputs to firms in countries further down the value chain. The possibility of upgrading within GVCs in Africa is likely to be limited therefore, something which the current analysis suggests. Despite this, we observe a great deal of heterogeneity in terms of GVC participation and upgrading across African countries, with a number of African countries participating in GVCs to a relatively large extent. (authors' abstract)
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Öhrn, Lundin Josefin. "Transparency in Global Value Chains : A Case Study on How Swedish Firms in Global Value Chains Perceive Their Level of Transparency." Thesis, KTH, Entreprenörskap och Innovation, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-170481.
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This thesis is a qualitative case study on how Swedish companies operating in global valuechains percieve their level of transparency concerning social- and environmental aspects, andhow they manage this work. The thesis contributes to existing literature since it draw attentionto the role of transparency concerning social- and environmental aspects and study howcompanies operating in global value chains actually perceive their level of transparency. Theanalysis and results in this thesis is based on interviews with sustainability experts within fivedifferent Swedish companies operating in global value chains. The companies in this studydiffer in size and belong to different industries. The result shows that companies in this studydo not perceive transparency as an issue in itself; rather the ability to control the chains has animpact on the level of transparency. The level of control seems to depend on resources andstakeholders pressure, and differ depending on industry and size of the company. In thisstudy, the larger companies have more resources to control their chains than the smallercompanies and therefore they have a higher level of transparency.
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De, Sousa Rui Pedro Domingos Tavares. "Global supply chains of high value low volume products." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/7808.
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Moyer-Lee, Jason. "Agricultural global value chains : the case of tobacco in Malawi." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2013. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/18065/.
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Global Value Chains (GVC) analysis, which is increasingly used in development studies to connect production in developing countries with consumption in developed countries, is used in this work to analyse the Malawi tobacco industry. This work engages with three key concepts of GVC analysis - territoriality, governance, and upgrading - in order to map the geography of the chain and its actors, examine power relationships in the chain, and determine which actors benefit from participation and how. In order to complement the firm focus of GVC analysis and incorporate a role for the state and producers, we draw on selected concepts from other theoretical traditions. Empirical evidence used in our analysis of the global tobacco industry was collected through a combination of a desktop-survey of the scant academic literature available, semistructured interviews with industry experts and stakeholders outside of Malawi, a synthesis of various primary sources, as well as a field visit to tobacco sites in the United States. The Malawi case study draws on evidence collected over the course of three fieldwork trips to Malawi and through observation, informal conversations, a firm-level survey, and over 50 semi-structured interviews with industry stakeholders and officials in farmer organizations and government there. We find that whilst firms have played a dominant role in transforming and determining participation in the Malawi tobacco industry, government and farmer associations have also been decisive. In particular, government policy has contributed to the territoriality of, as well as governance of and upgrading in the chain. Likewise, smallholder producers have used their associational power in order to upgrade in the chain. This work therefore contributes to the empirical literature on the global and Malawian tobacco industries, as well as to debates on the theoretical underpinnings of the GVC literature.
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Franco, bedoya Sebastián. "Essays on the Trade and Macroeconomic dimensions of Global Value Chains." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLX036/document.
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La phase la plus récente de la mondialisation, Chaînes de Valeur Mondiales (CVM), est datée du début des années 1990. La naissance de l'Organisation Mondiale du Commerce a abattu de nombreuses barrières commerciales et a conduit à la libéralisation dans des domaines tels que les télécommunications, les services financiers et les technologies de l'information. Cela a suscité l'émergence de nouveaux modèles d'affaires qui s'appuyaient sur de nouvelles opportunités pour développer des avantages comparatifs. Il s'est développé dans un flux constant d'investissement, de technologies, de biens intermédiaires et les services aux entreprises. C'est ce qu'on a appelé la «chaîne d'approvisionnement internationale». La principale caractéristique de ce phénomène est l'augmentation du commerce des biens finaux et intermédiaires entre les pays. Les biens intermédiaires ont généré la structure de production du réseau du commerce international et, donc, l'exposition à de nouveaux défis économiques qui ne sont pas saisis et pleinement compris par les statistiques commerciales bilatéraux. L'existence du réseau commercial international, liant les pays non seulement du côté de la consommation mais aussi de la production, fait que le contenu à valeur ajoutée du commerce diffère des exportations brutes. C'est précisément la valeur ajoutée qui est le principal objet d'intérêt économique parce qu'elle détermine l'activité économique et le niveau global de l'emploi dans un pays. La question principale est donc de savoir si les changements dans l'organisation du commerce mondial devraient conduire à une révision de nos intuitions économiques. C'est l'objet de cette thèse, dans laquelle je passe en revue de nombreux sujets et d'hypothèses économiques pressantes et les relie aux schémas de production mondiaux.Cette thèse couvre les thèmes suivants: (i) le rôle des accords de libre-échange et des technologies de l'information et de la communication "captés comme effet frontière"; (ii) les élasticités des exportations à valeur ajoutée; les déséquilibres commerciaux. Alors que les résultats pour de nombreux pays sont rapportés, j'accorde une attention particulière aux pays européens. D'une manière générale, les résultats montrent que (i) les accords de libre-échange augmentent le commerce bilatéral de 54% en moyenne après 10 ans ou plus, au tant pour les biens finaux que pour les biens intermédiaires. Le "border effect" est devenu moins contraignant avec le temps, les échanges de biens finaux ont augmenté de 443% par rapport au commerce intérieur depuis 1970, tandis que la hausse a été de 195% pour les biens intermédiaires. Ils fournissent également la preuve que l'effet des accords de libre-échange sur le commerce s'est renforcé avec le temps. (ii) Les conséquences de négliger la dimension des CVM pour l'élasticité des exportations à valeur ajoutée sont qu'elles ne sont pas constantes dans le temps et inférieures à celles des exportations brutes. Une contribution importante est ici de mettre en place un cadre souple qui lie les changements dans les exportations à valeur ajoutée aux changements dans le flux réel des biens finaux et intermédiaires. Cela rend plus facile de calculer d'autres outils qui ont été développés auparavant dans la littérature, comme les taux de change effectif réel (REER) en termes de valeur ajoutée. (iii) L'utilisation d'une approche à valeur ajoutée pour étudier les déséquilibres commerciaux montre que nous ne comprenons toujours pas complètement les causes et les conséquences de ces déséquilibres et que les CVM ne font que compliquer davantage les choses. Par conséquence, je démêle les différentes composantes de la dynamique de la balance commerciale (la performance commerciale et la croissance de la demande) tout en intégrant les liens internationaux du réseau de production entrées-sorties. Enfin, j'explique dans quelle mesure les dévaluations internes sont suffisantes pour compenser la rigidité des taux de change intra-EuroThe most recent phase of globalization, the so-called Global Value Chains (GVCs), is dated at the beginning of the 1990s. The birth of the World Trade Organization brought down many trade barriers and led to liberalization in areas like telecommunications, financial services, and information technologies. It meant the emergence of new business models that built on new opportunities to develop comparative advantages. With the opening of new markets, the technical revolution in IT and communications, and the closer harmonization of economic models worldwide, trade became much more than just a simple exchange of merchandise across borders. It developed into a constant flow of investment, of technologies, of goods for processing and business services. This is what has been called the "International Supply Chain". The key characteristic of this phenomenon is the increasing trade in final and intermediate goods among countries. Intermediate goods generated the network production structure of international trade and with it the exposure to new policy challenges that are not captured and fully understand by bilateral trade statistics. The existence of the international trade network, linking countries not only on the consumption side but also on production, makes the value-added content of trade to differ from gross exports. Nevertheless, it is precisely domestic value added the primary object of economic interest because it determines economic activity and the overall employment level in a country. The main question, therefore, is whether the changes in the organization of world trade should lead to a revision on our Economic intuitions. This is the purpose of this thesis, in which I review many pressing economic topics and hypotheses, and connect them with the global production patterns.This thesis covers the topics of (i) the trade-enhancing role of Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) and Information and Communication Technologies (ICT, "captured as a border effect"), (ii) value-added exports elasticities, and (iii) trade imbalances. While results for many countries are reported, I pay particular attention to the European countries. Broadly speaking, results show that (i) FTAs increase bilateral trade by 54% on average after 10 or more years, for both final goods and intermediate inputs. The border effect has become less binding over time, increasing trade in final goods an astounding 443%, relative to domestic trade since 1970, while the rise has been 195% for intermediate inputs. They also provide evidence that the trade effect of FTAs has strengthened over time. (ii) The implications of neglecting the GVC dimension for the value-added export elasticity are that it is not constant over time and lower than for gross exports. An important contribution here is to put in place a tractable framework that links changes in value-added exports to changes in the actual flow of final and intermediate goods. This makes easier to compute other tools that have been developed before in the literature like GVC Real Effective Exchange Rates (REERs). (iii) Using a value-added approach to study trade imbalances shows that we still do not have a full understanding of the causes and consequences of these imbalances and that GVC only makes it more challenging. Therefore, I disentangle the different components of the trade balance dynamics (trade performance and demand growth) while incorporating the international input-output production network linkages. Finally, I shed some light on to what extent internal devaluations are sufficient to offset the intra-Euro nominal exchange rigidity
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Castilho, Maurício de Araújo. "O desafio da agroindustrialização no Tocantins: estudo de caso da cadeia produtiva da aquicultura a partir da abordagem de Cadeia Global de Valor (Global Value Chain – GVC)." Universidade Federal do Tocantins, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11612/908.
Full textAbstract:
O presente trabalho analisou os gargalos para a industrialização dos produtos agrícolas
derivados da cadeia produtiva da aquicultura no estado do Tocantins, utilizando a ótica da
análise de Cadeia Global de Valor - CGV (Global Value Chain). Examinou as características
que influenciam na competitividade dos entrepostos processadores de pescado, pois a cadeia
produtiva apresenta crescimento de produção e características potenciais para continuidade
deste crescimento, tornando-se assim alternativa de geração de emprego e renda e possível
agregação de valor por meio da agroindustrialização e fortalecimento dos atores locais. A
metodologia aborda o levantamento exploratório, análise e triangulação de dados baseado na
abordagem CGV, procurando evidenciar impactos na competição, na compreensão de como e
onde os atores se posicionam para ganhar mercado e participação, e na determinação de como
atores se utilizam de upgrading para atingir maiores valores de produtos e serviços. Com base
nas constatações, observa-se duas características no comportamento dos entrepostos, onde uma
parcela dos atores se mostra otimista, visando a intensificação da verticalização da produção,
com alto grau de individualismo empresarial, desenvolvendo alternativas de upgrading por
meio da adição de valor aos produtos e expansão de mercados, enquanto outra parcela destes
atores apresenta estagnação quanto a volumes de demanda e preços de venda. Observa-se ainda
que a grande concorrência informal e as características de múltiplos tipos de governança entre
as empresas caracterizam grande dificuldade para expansão da agroindústria local, e apresenta
ainda considerável ameaça à sustentabilidade econômica da atividade dos entrepostos de
pescado inspecionados.This work analyzed the bottlenecks of the industrialization of agricultural products derived from the aquaculture production chain in the state of Tocantins, Brazil, using the Global Value Chain (GVC) approach. It considered the characteristics that influence the competitiveness of the chain actors, since it presents production growth and potential characteristics for the continuity of this growth, thus becoming an alternative of employment and income generation and possible value aggregation through agro industrialization and strengthening of local actors. The methodology addressed the exploratory survey and interviews, data analysis and triangulation based on the GCV approach, seeking to evidence changes in the competition among companies, in understanding how and where the actors position themselves to gain market and participation and in determining how actors position themselves by means of the upgrading to achieve higher values of products and services. Based on the findings, two characteristics are identified in the behavior of the fish processors, where a portion of these actors is optimistic, aimed at intensifying the verticalization of production, with a high degree of corporate individualism, developing alternatives for upgrading through the products value addition and markets expansion, while another part of these same actors presents stagnation as to volumes and prices. Moreover, it is a market that face great illegal competition and characteristics of multiple types of governance and large informal competition. Such conditions impose great difficulties for the expansion of local agroindustry, and presents a considerable threat to the economic sustainability of the activity of the inspected fish processors.
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Pinero, Pablo, Martin Bruckner, Hanspeter Wieland, Eva Pongrácz, and Stefan Giljum. "The raw material basis of global value chains: allocating environmental responsibility based on value generation." Taylor & Francis (Routledge), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09535314.2018.1536038.
Full textAbstract:
A new approach to allocate environmental responsibility, the "value added-based responsibility" allocation, is presented in this article. This metric allocates total environmental pressures occurring along an international supply chain to the participating sectors and countries according to the share of value added they generate within that specific supply chain. We show that - due to their position in global value chains - certain sectors (e.g. services) and countries (e.g. Germany) receive significantly greater responsibility compared to other allocation approaches. This adds a new perspective to the discussions concerning a fair distribution of mitigation costs among nations, companies and consumers.
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Cooke, Yolande Frances. "Upgrading in global value chains : branded beverages from small island developing states." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.629640.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of the research is to evaluate industrial upgrading by own-brand beverage firms in the Caribbean. The work analyses how and why the beverage firms have upgraded, compares this with the relevant literature on global value chain (GVC) upgrading and makes policy suggestions. The thesis uses the GVC framework as the lens for understanding process, product and functional upgrading. The work studies nineteen beverage firms located in Barbados, Jamaica and Trinidad and Tobago. Interviews and documentation were the methods used to abstract information from the beverage firms, other firms in the chains and industry informants. The research finds that the GVC framework helps to identify specific drivers of upgrading including naturally occurring and man-made rents. Further, the work extends the empirical literature by discussing different steps within each type of upgrading rather than a trajectory between the types of upgrading, governance patterns based on type of firm ownership and, importantly, how own-brand manufacturers upgrade horizontally by moving production to Developed Countries. Finally, the work makes the contribution that without public-private intervention, upgrading can have damaging consequences on the developing economy.
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Hertenstein, Peter. "Governance in global value chains : exploring multiple layers of lead-firm orchestration." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/275683.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis explores the mechanics of governance within several layers of participating firms in the global value chain of the automotive industry, and how new forms of governance shape the development of the Brazilian and Chinese automotive industry. In particular, it examines how the local supply firms from Brazil and China can integrate and upgrade in the globalized automotive industry. By using the global value chain (GVC) framework, the changing inter-firm dynamics between buyer and supplier are analyzed, and their impact on the indigenous supply firms from Brazil and China examined. The results highlight the role of product architecture in defining the value chain governance approach. Through the evolution of product architecture, the lead-firms can globalize their approaches to procurement and supply chain management. Moreover, the globally harmonized products allow the lead-firm to effectively restructure the global supply base to establish a globally harmonized components supply industry by internationalizing the most capable supply firms. Oligopolies along the entire GVC are consciously created by the lead firm. The dynamics of competition between supply firms are changing, as the market for integral components with high asset-specificity are merging into one global market with oligopolistic and oligopsonistic features. While some supply firms from the emerging markets have been able to utilize their business ties with western assembly firms to upgrade within the GVC, most are under pressure to be squeezed out of the GVC through increased global competition. The thesis contributes to the field of development studies by analyzing the prospects for emerging market firms to participate and upgrade in the GVC of western lead-firms. Furthermore, it contributes to the economic theory of governance by presenting evidence of forms of influence outside the realm of supplier-buyer contracts. The thesis further extends the global value chain framework by introduction a fine-tuned approach to ‘power’ as a determinant of governance.
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Patel, Sheetal Anil. "Internationalisation process & upgrading prospects of Indian garment manufacturers." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/8218.
Full textAbstract:
In the context of globalisation and liberalising economies, an increasing number of local firms based in developing countries and emerging markets are encouraged to internationalise their business activities and thus participate in foreign trade. Their sustained success is founded on two key factors; their ability to access potential foreign markets, and their ability to upgrade their capabilities and thus improve their positioning in global markets. This thesis investigates the internationalisation process and upgrading prospects of Indian Garment Manufacturers (IGMs). It begins by examining how IGMs gain access to foreign markets and discusses the factors that help or hinder their progress. The thesis subsequently explores the ways in which IGMs upgrade their activities to higher value-added activities and investigates the contributory factors that drive and shape their upgrading prospects. Existing studies employ the concept of ‘Diaspora networks’ or ethnic ties to explain how local firms from emerging markets are able to internationalise their business activities. These studies highlight the integral role played by Diaspora networks in enabling this internationalisation. Diaspora networks help connect local firms with foreign, world class buyers (or ‘lead firms’) using the Diaspora’s own pre-established ties and links with such lead firms. Similarly, Global Value Chain (GVC) proponents assume the upgrading prospects of these local firms can be enhanced as a result of linking up with ‘lead firms’ because of the benefits that can be derived from knowledge and technology transfer imparted through working with world class buyers. The extant literature however is vague on the internationalisation processes of IGMs. Furthermore, it does not adequately address the extent to which IGMs utilise Indian Diaspora networks to access foreign markets and to internationalise their business activities. It is also unclear what mechanisms are employed to impart knowledge from lead buyers to suppliers and to what extent the knowledge and technology transferred plays a key role in progressing IGMs upgrading activities; especially in the higher value added functions of design. This thesis contributes by addressing and shedding further light on these unresolved issues. It examines the issues using a combined approach, where theories and concepts from international business (IB) and GVC are employed in analysing the subject matter and thus allows for a more nuanced and comprehensive understanding of the issues under investigation. To explore the above themes a case study based approach was employed. Interviews were conducted with key decision makers/owners of 23 case companies. Further interviews with key industry, academic and government heads were conducted as a means of triangulation. Interviews were, in turn, supplemented with documentary evidence and published material from company websites, industry and academic journals, and newspaper articles, so as to arrive at a more comprehensive understanding of the issues in question. Findings from this study suggest that IGMs rarely use Diaspora networks to access foreign markets. Instead, the majority of IGMs have achieved internationalisation as a result of well-developed networks of formal intermediaries based in India who have facilitated connections with prospective buyers. Furthermore, their manner of internationalisation reveals IGMs tend to access foreign markets initially at a very young age and at a rapid pace. Thus process-based theories of internationalisation seem inappropriate in explaining this rapid pace of internationalisation; insights from the literature on Born Globals and International New Ventures (INVs) seem, at first, to offer better explanations. However, employing concepts such as the ‘mature’ born global and the ‘failed’ born global leads one to re-examine and reconsider these initial findings. Re-examined findings indicate that in fact maturing IGMs are realigning their internationalisation trajectories to be better positioned to take advantage of favourable domestic market conditions. These findings are better explained using a more inclusive definition of internationalisation; particularly, concepts of de-internationalisation and extra-regional expansion from the field of IB. Additional findings, related to the issue of upgrading, indicate that contextual factors, usually related to the domestic economy and the firm’s internal circumstances, play a significant role in affecting the upgrading prospects of IGMs. These findings are contrary to GVC-based explanations of what drives and shapes IGMs’ upgrading activities, which place excessive emphasis on the role of the ‘lead firm’. In particular, GVC-based assumptions regarding the knowledge and technology transfer benefits available to local manufacturers by linking with larger world class buyers or lead firms seem of limited applicability to IGMs; here, firm-specific factors seem more important in determining firm choices concerning upgrading trajectories.
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Onyas, Winfred Ikiring. "Performing product trajectories and overlapping markets : an analysis of coffee global value chains." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.657627.
Full textAbstract:
This research presents an original contribution to knowledge illuminating how overlapping product trajectories and markets co-evolve, mutually influencing each other. By so doing, this study sheds light on how markets define, interrupt and divert product trajectories, with product trajectories holding together markets, connecting goods, agencies and practices enacted at different points in the trajectory. Putting forward an Exchange Networks model, this research extends the notion of market framing (Callon, 1999) to analyse overlapping markets, examining how market agencies compete to define exchange objects and enrol suppliers into their market actor-networks. This analysis importantly draws attention the shifting exchange networks connecting buyers, suppliers and exchange objects, revealing how agential practices shape and sustain overlapping markets. Analysing 'global value chains' as an example of a product trajectory, this research reports on the findings of an ethnographic study of the global coffee trajectory originating from the Good African Company market in Uganda - a Southern-led differentiated coffee market existing alongside the mainstream coffee market. The empirical data gathered captures the everyday practices of agencies shaping these two competing markets at the farmer - buyer segment of their coffee trajectories. This study therefore addresses an empirical gap in the Global Value Chain and commodity studies literature, providing a detailed analysis of how a Southern-led differentiated coffee market existing alongside the mainstream market is performed. In so doing, this research uncovers the particularities largely obscured in the structures, . systems and flows portrayed in Global Value Chain studies, addressing the reductionism assumed in the approach. An actor-network frame of reference developed in this thesis draws attention to the entrepreneurial capacity of semi-illiterate farmers and the unevenly distributed value along the coffee global value chain. These represent pertinent issues of interest to international development agencies, policy makers and NGOs in designing markets for, and channelling support to, developing countries.
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Tong, Yee Siong. "Agro-commodity global value chains and upgrading : the case of Malaysian palm oil." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/279016.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation consists of three closely related essays on upgrading in agro-commodity value chains, which is an important issue for many developing countries that produce and export commodities in mostly unprocessed form. The essays are based on fieldwork in Malaysia and focus on its palm oil, which is the world’s largest oils and fats product by production and export volumes. The first essay examines the suitability of vertical specialisation for participation and upgrading in agro-commodity value chains based on the case of Malaysian palm oil. It uses data from interviews, site visits, and industry and economic statistics to analyse upgrading at the sector and firm levels. The essay suggests that upgrading is prone to sectoral linkage development and vertical integration at local lead firms. The development is driven by production characteristics, sectoral dynamics, eco-historical settings that are unique to agro-commodity value chains, as well as firm motives seeking resources, markets, efficiency gains, and strategic assets. The second essay studies Malaysia’s industrial policy for its palm oil sector through three distinct stages of development. The findings show that resource-based industrialisation (RBI) requires selective state intervention targeting macroeconomic conditions, infrastructure, business climate, and human capital. The Malaysian experience also highlights the importance of local firms in driving RBI investments, contrary to the emphasis in the literature which either overplays the importance of foreign linkages or dismisses nationality of firms as a non-factor for industrialisation. The third essay investigates economic and social outcomes from upgrading in the Malaysian palm oil sector using gross value added data. It shows that economic upgrading can but does not automatically lead to social upgrading. The essay finds that economic upgrading in value chains improves income of groups of individuals at different rates depending on their position in the value chains. Skills and productivity performance provide only partial explanation for the uneven social outcomes; the differences in institutional arrangements and political representation accorded to the groups are likely to be important factors as well.
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Sausman, Christopher. "Social capital formation in global value chains : evidence from Peru's Alternative Development Program." Thesis, University of Kent, 2016. https://kar.kent.ac.uk/54549/.
Full textAbstract:
Social capital is a rich topic in the development literature. Despite this, there is an incomplete understanding of how social capital is formed when placed within the enabling or constraining structure of Global Value Chains. While governance of Global Value Chains is well understood as a powerful force that shapes the participation of farmers, the literature to date has not effectively explored the extent to which governance may shape participation among farmers. The aim of this thesis is to explore how, if at all, governance shapes the formation of two types of farmers' social capital: structural and cognitive. Within the context of Peru's Alternative Development Program, where there is a purposeful effort to develop the social capital of farmers, qualitative research was conducted on two case study Global Value Chains: cacao and palm oil. Interviews were conducted with stakeholders across the Global Value Chain, from farmers and collective organisations to exporters and importers. The case studies revealed that governance can be an enabler of structural social capital formation, but its role is shaped by the institutional context and existing attitudes towards social structure. Governance can be an enabler or barrier to cognitive social capital formation, depending on the nature of the governing relationship between buyer and supplier. To date, the literature on social capital formation has typically focused on factors internal to a collective group. The findings in the thesis shed light on the role of exogenous structures on the formation of social capital.
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Payet, Sébastien Denis. "South America and Global Value Chains - Productivity and competition in agri-food industry." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11572/277860.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this study is to contribute to better understand the complexity of modern trade relationships by addressing three key issues in the three chapters of this thesis, ordered from the most general to the most specific subject. The first chapter deals with the relationship between productivity level and the internationalization status of firms (importers, exporters, two-ways traders, domestic firms, and Global Value Chain (GVC) members) for a panel of countries located in South America: Argentina, Bolivia, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru, and Uruguay. In this chapter, a clear difference in terms of productivity is observed between internationalised and domestic firms as well as between GVC members and non-GVC members. The results observe are perfectly coherent and in line with the NNTT literature which suggests that only the most productive firms internationalise. Results of Chapter I revealed that the productivity of the food sector in Argentina has special characteristics. Therefore, the Chapter 2 focuses on the food industry and more particularly on Argentina’s food industry. Argentina is indeed a country with a long history of export-oriented agro-food industry. The aim of this chapter was to analyse the participation of Argentina’s food industry in GVC chains and its implication for competitiveness. As expected, the results evidenced that Argentina’s food industry is on average more productive than the other industries considered together. In addition, it seems that firms participating in GVC and, more generally, internationalised firms, perform better. This results are in line with the results of our first chapter as well as with the NNTT literature.
Finally, since recent years, the Argentinian agro-food industry is increasingly oriented towards the production and export of soybeans, the Chapter 3 is focused on analysing this market; specifically, the differentiation strategies that two direct competitors in this market carry out to compete: Argentina and Brazil, which are responsible for about 50% of soybean world production. To do so, I use a recently revised version of the constant market share (CMS) analysis method to decompose the aggregated market share of an exporter and extract the direct competition effect (competitiveness). The results of this analysis indicate that what seems at first sight to be Brazil's total domination over Argentina in the exchange of soybeans reflects a partial truth. Argentina is competitive when it comes to high quality, even though Brazil has a much higher rate of growth in the production of this product in recent years. Therefore, after the analysis, it seems evident that only the most productive companies and economies will be able to compete and survive in the world market. Additionally, only those countries which are able to adopt business strategies which allow them to differentiate their productions in the fierce competition of world market will consolidate and expand their positions.
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Zoller, Martin. "Competitivness of the Czech manufacturing sector in the context of global value chains." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-192954.
Full textAbstract:
The thesis analyzes competitiveness of the Czech manufacturing industry in the context of global value chains using data from the OECD TiVA database in years 2000, 2005, 2008 and 2009. The main aim of this work is to highlight the importance of global value chains and outline how the Czech Republic can increase its added value within them. In order to fulfill this objective, the theoretical part explains the importance of global value chains in modern manufacturing industry. In the practical part, five selected industries of the Czech manufacturing sector are compared with the respective industries in Denmark, Finland, Netherlands, Germany and Sweden using indicators of the added value and productivity of production factors. The last section describes the implications and recommendations for the Czech Republic.
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Craig, Thomas Dominic. "Strategies for Managing Exploration, Global Value Chains, and Knowledge Flows in High-Technology Firms." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2015. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/352482.
Full textAbstract:
Business Administration/Strategic ManagementPh.D.
This dissertation comprises three essays of a multilevel investigation into the strategies of high-technology firms to build and maintain competitive advantage through effective policies for innovation, global sourcing, and knowledge management. Through a combination of conceptual and empirical analyses that extend the existing theoretical boundaries in each of these areas, I contribute to our current body of knowledge and establish a solid foundation on which future related research will be built. In particular, I weave together classic and contemporary literature of strategic management, entrepreneurship, international business, and organizational economics to reveal how macro- and micro-level factors impact the activities selected, tradeoffs made, and performance of firms in regional and global settings.
Temple University--Theses
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Grota, Paul. "Increasing competitive advantage through upgrading : the automotive component manufacturing industry in South Africa." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/23744.
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The research project investigates whether automotive component manufacturers located in South Africa are taking advantage of their participation in global value chains to functionally upgrade. Two factors, namely position in the value chain and global connectedness are assessed in terms of their effect on the propensity for firms to innovate and upgrade. Continuous pressure from value chain leaders to reduce costs coupled with increasing competition from other low-cost, developing economies means that South African automotive component manufacturers have to upgrade to improve their competitiveness and maintain their positions in the global value chain. This quantitative study analysed data collected through interviews from 76 companies in the National Association of Automotive Component and Allied Manufacturer‟s database of firms. The results support previous literature and demonstrate that indigenous innovation does occur under certain conditions. Whilst participation in global value chains seems to stimulate innovation, it does not necessarily guarantee that innovation will occur nor does it mean that innovation will automatically result in upgrading. Questions that require further investigation include among others the upgrading trajectory firms over time and a deeper understanding of the mechanisms used by innovation leaders to absorb and deploy the knowledge and technology obtained from global interactions. CopyrightDissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2011.
Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)
unrestricted
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Stemele, Lubabalo. "The implications of anti-dumping measures for global value chains - the case of South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/23707.
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Antidumping policies have developed into essential trade elements in the local and global markets as they can facilitate the adoption of favorable trade policies. The introduction of antidumping policies in South Africa across GVCs has remained instrumental as they have directly influenced the social and economic structures of GVCs and local businesses operating in the region. Anti-dumping policies remain crucial in the development of a competitive and fair business environment. The study explores the impact of anti-dumping policies on GVCs in South Africa through a review of the economic, financial, cultural and social influences of the policies on the local businesses and environment. The review of anti-dumping policies and consequent impact on GVCs remained crucial in the identification of the importance and impact of policy on local and global businesses. The analysis provides an exploration of the impact of globalization and a changing business environment on the workings of an organization and the global market. The study adopts a quantitative analysis that utilized correlation analysis in identifying the impact of anti-dumping policies on GVCs. The results highlight the importance of anti-dumping policies and consequent impact GVCs in South Africa. The majority of the study respondents maintain that the adopted anti-dumping measures remained in-line with the adopted global trade objectives, but also highlighted the existence of a shortfall within the policy implementation process in South Africa. The majority of the respondents maintain that there was no need to remove the historically adopted policies as they remain relevant to the modern day trade processes. However, the study respondents maintain that several additions and changes may be incorporated to cater to the changing trade needs presented by the market. The adoption of recommendations would facilitate the development of a strong trade policy that would promote the strengthening of regional ties. Therefore, the majority of respondents remained in favor of the AD policies in relation to competitive policies and promoted the adoption of additional policies relating to the reduction of labor disruptions, improved infrastructure and the education system. The development of effective manufacturing and implementation systems together with adoption of effective logistical processes would facilitate the adoption and success of the existent trade regulations.
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Kadarusman, Yohanes. "Global value chains and technological capabilities : analysing the dynamics of Indonesia's garments and electronics manufacturers." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2011. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/global-value-chains-and-technological-capabilities-analysing-the-dynamics-of-indonesias-garments-and-electronics-manufacturers(38edc34f-d9d5-44ea-835a-57fc9675c0e2).html.
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The Indonesian manufacturing sector faces significant challenges in its attempt to upgrade and remain competitive in both domestic and global markets. Indonesian manufacturing firms are increasingly integrated into global markets via global value chain ties. Yet, little is known about how such involvement impacts upon the ability of Indonesian firms to upgrade. This study aims to understand the nature of upgrading processes within the Indonesian manufacturing sector through a comparison of the Indonesian garment and consumer electronics manufacturing firms. To gain a better understanding of upgrading processes, this study integrates the conceptual frameworks of technological capability (TC) and global value chains (GVC) in its analysis. While the GVC literature provides useful insights into the role played by global value chain leaders in assisting, or constraining, through the ways in which they govern value chain ties, the upgrading processes of local producers, the TC framework gives a valuable understanding of the role of capabilities of local manufacturing firms and their ability to undertake upgrading processes. By combining these two frameworks, this study asks the following question: what roles do governance and technological capability play in upgrading processes within the Indonesian garment and consumer electronics value chains?To address the research question, this study gathered both quantitative and qualitative data through surveys and in-depth interviews of Indonesian garment and consumer electronics firms. Firm level case studies are analysed to obtain detailed insights into the process and dynamics of upgrading, value chain governance and capability acquisition undertaken by Indonesian garment and consumer electronics manufacturing firms. Based on the evidence drawn from the survey and eleven case studies within the Indonesian garment and consumer electronics sectors, this study suggests that forms of value chain governance and types of technological capability both play important roles in upgrading processes. Furthermore, upgrading processes and dynamics take place not only in global value chains but also in domestic value chains. Insertion into domestic value chains may, in fact, promote the ability of some Indonesian garment and consumer electronics manufacturing firms to undertake functional upgrading. By demonstrating that the technological capability of the Indonesian garment and consumer electronics manufacturing firms can play an important role in upgrading especially when firms are engaged in domestic value chains but is less pronounced when firms are engaged through hierarchical ties into global value chains, the study provides a more dynamic perspective then standard studies on upgrading and value chain linkages. In terms of policy, this paves the way for a more active role of local manufacturing firms from developing countries to be recognised as contributing to upgrading processes.
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Asante-Poku, Nana Amma. "The local context in global value chains : a case study of the Ghanaian pineapple export sector." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2016. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/26681/.
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Truong, Linh. "Institutional governance tensions within global value chains : the study of the Vietnam textile and garment industry." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2017. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/7435/.
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Global value chain (GVC) analysis serves an important role in the global economy and development. Whereas research on governance is well documented in GVC research, only recently has the institutional context emerged as a new dimension of GVC analysis. This thesis integrates critical frameworks of governance, including the five types of governance of Gereffi et al. (2005) and institutional theory with the four mechanism of Beckert (2010), to develop further analysis of GVCs. These frameworks are fundamental for exploring the nature of problematic issues, such as tensions, in re-shaping GVC structures. The research employs method triangulation in both data collection (semi-structured interviews, observations and documents) and analysis (thematic analysis, discursive devices and institutional logics) to achieve the research objective of solving the institutional governance tensions within GVCs in the research setting of the Vietnam Textile and Garment Industry. The findings show that tensions stem mainly from two resources, symmetrical power and new circumstances. Although tension is often neglected or considered a negative factor in management, it can motivate creative responses and effectively serve as a motional factor. In any form, the influence of tension on GVC structures occurs in both convergent and divergent trends but creates a new balance of power between actors in the chain.
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Armagan, Emre. "Decomposition algorithms for global solution of deterministic and stochastic pooling problems in natural gas value chains." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/46629.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2009.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 153-158).
In this thesis, a Benders decomposition algorithm is designed and implemented to solve both deterministic and stochastic pooling problems to global optimality. Convergence of the algorithm to a global optimum is proved and then it is implemented both in GAMS and C++ to get the best performance. A series of example problems are solved, both with the proposed Benders decomposition algorithm and commercially available global optimization software to determine the validity and the performance of the proposed algorithm. Moreover, a two stage stochastic pooling problem is formulated to model the optimal capacity expansion problem in pooling networks and the proposed algorithm is applied to this problem to obtain global optimum. A number of example stochastic pooling problems are solved, both with the proposed Benders decomposition algorithm and commercially available global optimization software to determine the validity and the performance of the proposed algorithm applied to stochastic problems.
by Emre Armagan.
S.M.
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KC, Pramila, and Lien Huynh Mai. "Vientamese suppliers in Swedish apparel value chains : a focus on insertion and upgrading." Thesis, Gotland University, Institutionen för humaniora och samhällsvetenskap, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hgo:diva-416.
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This thesis aims to contribute to global value chain studies by examining an empirical case of vietnamese apparel firms in Swedish clothing value chains with a focus on insertion and upgrading issues . we apply mixed method of both qualitative and quantitative tools from a holistic approach researching from both vietnamese suppliers and Swedish buyers perspective. Our findings show some progressive improvements of Vietnamese suppliers in GVC especially of private sector. In swedish value chain trust and long term cooperative business realtions for mutual benefits are among the key points for insertion and ugrading. On Vietnamese suppliers side, lack of information serves as the main reson for their reluctance in approaching Swedish market . Willingness to listen to buyer's advice or suggestions and management strategic Vision of development are critical for upgrading sucess of suppliers.
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Pasquali, Giovanni. "When value chains go south : governance and upgrading of the Kenyan leather sector." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2018. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:7ca1890f-3644-419d-8380-103e43fd7670.
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In the last three decades, the global economy has witnessed an ambivalent phenomenon of integration through disintegration. Whilst the amount of regional and global trade dramatically increased, vertical specialisation prompted the outsourcing of manufacturing, assembling, and other business functions regionally and globally. The slicing up of value chains and the consequent surge in trade of intermediate goods drew the attention of scholars interested in the economic, social, and environmental consequences of this phenomenon. Yet, most of the literature on value chains has concentrated on the institutional and market linkages between firms in developed economies and delocalised suppliers in the global South. Conversely, less attention has been paid to the rise in South-South trade that accompanied the development of South- South and regional value chains. The following chapters provide new evidence on the opportunities and constraints that participation in value chains across North-South, South-South, and regional trajectories entails for local suppliers in developing countries. This is achieved by means of a mixed-methods approach that combines firm-level export data with over 100 semi-structured interviews across the Kenyan leather sector. On the one hand, results show how North-South value chains are characterised by more profitable and stable relationships between buyers and local suppliers. Nonetheless, whilst defined by higher product and process standards, linkages with developed economies appear to prevent rather than encourage local value addition. On the other hand, South-South value chains are governed by instability and distrust underpinned by pressures to reduce prices and lack of upgrading opportunities. Like the global South, regional value chains are characterised by fierce competition and low profitability. Even so, they often constitute an alternative for small suppliers willing to venture into new products and functions. Particularly, the local and regional markets represent an upgrading platform for innovative firms whose low capital endowments prevent them from accessing premium North-South value chains. In this case, industrial policy and entrepreneurship play a crucial role in enabling smallholders to upgrade in a competitive environment.
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Thang, Pham Vu. "Upgrading of developing country producers in global value chains : the case of the garment industry in Vietnam." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.439773.
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Afari-Owusu, Elizabeth. "Participation in global horticulture value chains : implications for poverty alleviation in the Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) region." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/participation-in-global-horticulture-value-chainsimplications-for-poverty-alleviation-in-the-subsaharan-africa-ssa-region(0dc360ee-9fb8-4f80-b21a-e0eea6ccab7b).html.
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There are approximately one billion people predominantly in Asia and sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) who live in extreme poverty because they are adversely linked to the process of globalization and not optimally integrated in global value chains. In the SSA region, agriculture is the main occupation where most of the rural population are employed and earn incomes. The horticulture sector a subset of agriculture is one of the value creating sectors where opportunities exist for the rural population to link and connect to the global economy through participation in global value chains (GVCs). The global value chain perspective has been used in a number of studies analyze how global buyers organize and control operations with local suppliers. Kenya is a leading exporter of horticulture produce, where the large and medium suppliers are considerably linked to GVCs but not the small suppliers. Ghana is developing its horticulture sector where local suppliers are considerably small in size and adversely connected to GVCs. Effective participation and connection to GVCs is considered as a perquisite and under certain conditions opportunities for local supplier upgrading, leading to income generation and poverty alleviation. Local suppliers, especially small ones in both economies are challenged due to limited market access, stringent standards and quality requirements (conditions of participation) imposed by global buyers, and an inefficient operating environment. High exclusion levels due to non-compliance with high standard and quality requirements imposed by global buyer’s increases vulnerability and risks which tends to prolong the duration of poverty. Competitiveness remains a key issue due to the lack of investment in upgrading resulting in low performance and exclusion of a number of suppliers from participation in global horticulture value chains. High exclusion rates have a negative impact on incomes which further exacerbates the incidence of poverty. On the other hand opportunities for the acquisition of skills, learning and upgrading that would reduce exclusion depends on conditions of participation – governance in GVCs imposed by global buyers In addition, transaction costs in both countries are high due to inefficient infrastructure and support institutions. There is evidence in the literature that participation in global horticulture valve chains does contribute to increased incomes but it is unclear if this has contributed or not to reducing poverty levels in Kenya and Ghana. Kenya is selected as a case study because the horticulture sector is mature has extensive experience in participating in global horticulture value chains but poverty levels remain very high. It currently ranks 145th out of 186 countries on the 2013 Human Development Index. Ghana is selected to complement the analysis because its horticulture sector is at an infant stage where the government is seeking to use the process as a diversification strategy to reduce poverty. On the same index it ranks 135th out of 186 countries. Data and information was collated from 25 global horticulture value chain participants and 6 informants complemented with secondary data were used for the analysis. This research argues that the GVC perspective in its current form is not capable of delivering the expected poverty alleviation outcomes because its emphasis on conditions of participation, the operational environment and ways in which these elements could adversely or not affect the effective participation of local suppliers leading to poverty alleviation is missing. The empirical evidence from the horticulture sectors in Kenya and Ghana supports the view that participation in global horticulture value chains does contribute to poverty alleviation but has been constrained due to a lack of focus on number of issues including the enabling operational environment. Strategies and policies that could inform a more inclusive model of GVCs that could improve the conditions of participation of local suppliers are proposed for consideration.
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Hanström, Joel. "Professional development in Global Value Chains and Life Cycle Assessment : A case study at an Argentinian institute." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för teknikvetenskaplig kommunikation och lärande (ECE), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-220914.
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This master thesis seeks to investigate how an Argentinean institute support its members to learn Global Value Chains and Life Cycle Assessment. Two important methodologies that can be used as a basis to form sustainable strategies based on analyses of products or services. A Global Value Chains and Life Cycle Assessment course is held to the institute’s members who wishes to learn them. This case study has analysed the course design, the outcome and the institute’s organizational structure for professional development based on a 15-factor framework and relevant learning theories. Course evaluations, data analysis, group interviews and questionnaires were the research methods used to gather data for this case study. The thesis reveals that several important factors for professional development that facilitate the learning of GVC and LCA can be found at the institute. But, the current course design and the institute’s restriction of access to data prevents good learning outcomes for the course participants. Several suggestions regarding the course design and organisational structure were presented, based on the findings of this study.Detta examensarbete syftar till att undersöka hur ett argentinskt institut stöder sina medlemmar att lära sig om globala värdekedjor (GVC) och livscykelanalys (LCA). Två viktiga metoder som kan användas som utgångspunkt för att bilda hållbara strategier baserade på analyser av produkter eller tjänster. En GVC och LCA kurs hålls för institutets medlemmar som vill lära sig metoderna. Denna fallstudie har analyserat kursdesignen, utfallet och institutets organisationsstruktur för kompetensutveckling baserad på en 15-faktors ramverk och relevanta lärteorier. Kursutvärderingar, dataanalyser, gruppintervjuer och frågeformulär var de undersökningsmetoder som användes för att samla data för denna fallstudie. Studien visar att flera viktiga faktorer för kompetensutveckling underlättar lärandet av GVC och LCA på institutet. Det framgår däremot att den nuvarande kursdesignen och institutetss begränsning av tillgång till data förhindrar goda läranderesultat för kursdeltagarna. Flera förslag om kursdesign och organisationsstruktur presenteras, baserat på resultaten från denna studie.
Esta tesis de maestría busca investigar cómo un instituto argentino apoya a sus miembros para aprender las Cadenas Globales de Valor (CGV) y la Análisis del Ciclo de Vida (ACV). Dos metodologías importantes que pueden usarse como base para formar estrategias sostenibles basadas en análisis de productos o servicios. Se realiza un curso de CGV y ACV a los iembros del instituto que deseen aprenderlos. Este estudio de caso ha analizado el diseño del curso, el resultado y la estructura organizacional del instituto para el desarrollo profesional basado en un marco de 15 factores y teorías de aprendizaje relevantes. Las evaluaciones de los cursos, el análisis de datos, las entrevistas grupales y los cuestionarios fueron los métodos de investigación utilizados para recopilar datos para este estudio de caso. La tesis revela que en el instituto se pueden encontrar varios factores importantes para el desarrollo profesional que facilitan el aprendizaje de CGV y ACV. Sin embargo, el diseño actual del curso y la restricción de acceso del instituto a los datos impiden buenos resultados de aprendizaje para los participantes del curso. Se presentaron varias sugerencias sobre el diseño del curso y la estructura organizacional, basadas en los hallazgos de este estudio.
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Choksy, Umair Shafi. "Resilience in adverse economy and upgrading in global value chains : insights from small software firms in Pakistan." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.697746.
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Rise of offshoring services to developing countries has led to the participation of small offshoring services providers in the global value chains. Many inter-disciplinary researches have understood whether participation in global value chains (GVCs) leads to beneficial outcomes for small suppliers. However, the institutional dynamics that may hamper or support small supplier upgrading has not received much attention. This is especially true for small offshoring services providers (OSPs) who are operating in an adverse institutional environment represented by low quality institutions, political instability, and political conflicts. Taking an offshoring service provider’s (OSP) perspective, this paper aims to understand the how Pakistani OSPs bypass/address the challenges of upgrading and move to significant positions in global value chains. Anchoring this work in the relational economic geography, global value chain, and international business, an analytical framework is developed based upon three conceptual building blocks: Upgrading challenges, strategic responses, and upgrading. The thesis adopts qualitative interview technique to collect data from seventeen Pakistani OSPs. The textual data which is interpreted using template analysis technique shows that some Pakistani OSPs demonstrate ‘resilient’ strategies to upgrade in GVCs. The differences in the resilience of OSPs are dependent upon a) level of responsiveness of OSPs to cope with all or some of the upgrading challenges, b) to adapt the changing demands of GVCs. It is understood that OSPs showing high level of responsiveness and adaptation are able to truly upgrade in global value chain by gaining legitimacy in GVCs for their ability to successfully meet GVC conventions and legitimise operation in an adverse economy.
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Näsström, Rickard. "Reaching the 2014 UN New York Declaration on Forests Goals, using satellites to monitor global value chains." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Kulturgeografiska institutionen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-128585.
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This master thesis in geography investigates how remote sens- ing can be used in Transnational Corporations (TNC) global Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) initiatives. The study aims to delineate an accurate method in remote sensing to be used to monitor deforestation in global value chains. Research questions asked are 1) What are the current monitoring practises used by TNCs to monitor global value chains? 2) Which is the most user-friendly and accurate remote sensing technique to map deforestation? 3) How can remote sensing successfully be implemented in TNCs CSR-initiatives? The study is approached from two perspectives, building on theories of value chains, and qualitative methods to answer the first research question. While the second question is a method study, investigating how well a spectral approach versus a contextual approach can map deforest- ation in Landsat scenes. The results are compared with Global Forest Watch (GFW), and the highest accuracy were acquired from the WICS (Window Indipendent Context Segmentation) technique. Conclusions includes that remote sensing can be used in CSR initiatives, to establish a baseline level or as a fifth dimen- sion in a score sheet approach. However, inconclusive mapping of value chains are a big hinder today.
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Bolseth, Sindre. "The Extended Enterprise Operations Model Toolset : Towards information visibility and visualization in integrated, global and responsive value chains." Doctoral thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for produksjons- og kvalitetsteknikk, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-20400.
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Vanni, Monique Barenboim Salles. "Brazilian açaí berry and non-timber forest product value chains as determinants of development from a global perspective." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2018. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3815/.
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The present research concerns the global 'value chain' of the açaí berry, a NonTimber Forest Product (NTFP) derived mainly from the Tocantins Estuary region in the State of Pará, Brazil, and which sustains its mostly riverine population. Through the adoption of methodologies employed in studies of Global Production Networks (GPNs), the study aims to identify how contextual factors have, over time, influenced the formation of the chain by actors across geographical scales, how they sustain the chain in its current configuration, how they enable or preclude the capture of value regionally, and influence development outcomes. Existing research and interventions continue to be predicated on locally-based approaches that aim to cut out middlemen or otherwise reshape local extraction and processing arrangements, without taking into full consideration the ways in which the chain is embedded into different social, economic, and cultural contexts across geographic scale, conditioning chain formation, value distribution and actor behavior. The empirical work was carried out in the form of semi-structured interviews, supported by secondary data and field observations. Field research sites included several locations in the interior of State of Pará, its capital Belem, the States of São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro in Southeast Brazil, as well as coastal towns in California, USA. From these findings, key policy recommendations are made, which are applicable to this specific NTFP chain, but which can be extrapolated to other NTFP chains. The research also employs knowledge about consumer cultures, and the subjectivities concerning value determination, to investigate the role of consumer myths about a product in contributing to its value chain. The conclusion indicates that a whole-chain approach, which appreciates in a reflexive fashion the ways in which actors negotiate territorial specificities to configure chains, is instrumental in the development of efficient, strategic policy programs that aim to improve the income of forest communities that exploit NTFPs. In order to understand, and build trade-based development interventions, researchers and practitioners must engage with the structures, material and cultural, that encase chain relations across geographical scales.
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Crockett, Gareth. "Global value chains and the labour process in South African textile cooperatives : workplace democracy and gender (in)equality." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2018. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/23108/.
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Worker cooperatives are widely recognised as a promising device for the facilitation of workplace democracy and the promotion of gender equality. However, cooperatives can face the challenge of being socially progressive organisations embedded within capitalist economies, making them vulnerable to influences from the market and the supply chain. Further, the recent rise of global value chains has seemingly intensified commercial and competitive pressures on worker owned firms. This study addresses these concerns by exploring the extent to which South African worker cooperatives promote workplace democracy and gender equality, examining GVCs and worker cooperatives, the impact of emerging market institutions, the implications of a fragmented and gendered labour process, and the increased disintegration of work across supply networks. Findings reveal that the worker-cooperatives had integrated into hybridised networks, comprising a social enterprise and several worker-owned organisations, in response to economic challenges previously inhibiting their access to global value chains. In terms of the labour process, the female-owned cooperatives were responsible for the lowest value aspects of production, with higher value activities retained by the social enterprise. As a result, female workers were forced to endure insecure jobs with limited social protection, while male production workers in the social enterprise experienced much better terms of employment. At the same time, the social enterprise was able to dictate decisions to the worker cooperatives, thereby undermining mechanisms of workplace democracy and undermining the influence of (female) production workers. Therefore, the main contribution of this study is to bring together new institutional theory, GVC analysis and gender in the workplace. It reveals how social enterprises can use their position in a GVC to dictate the labour process in worker cooperatives, fragmenting the gendered labour process and fracturing labour power at the point of production. It also highlights how social enterprises can cause non-congruent isomorphism, emboldening neoliberal assumptions relating to governance and management in worker cooperatives. Ultimately, the overall outcome was social downgrading in the form of limited workplace democracy and gender inequality.
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Aleman, Lizbeth Navas. "Opportunities and obstacles for industrial upgrading of Brazilian footwear and furniture firmsa comparison of global and national value chains." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.536227.
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Pillay, Morgenie. "A constructivist deconstruction of post-apartheid South Africa’s trade negotiation strategies: the politics of development and global value chains." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/64731.
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Hauge, Jostein. "African industrial policy in an era of expanding global value chains : the case of Ethiopia's textile and leather industries." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/273722.
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Throughout the history of capitalism, the process of industrialisation has been recognised as the engine of economic development. No region in the world ‘suffers’ more acutely from a lack of industrialisation than Africa, clearly highlighting the need for industrial policy. However, the formulation of such policies is not straightforward in the current era of globalised production. In recent years, a debate has taken hold over whether the geographical expansion and increased fragmentation of production networks—often referred to as the expansion of global value chains (GVCs)—calls for new approaches to industrial policy in developing countries. By drawing on the case of Ethiopia, this dissertation demonstrates that industrial policy in developing countries needs no new ‘magic bullet’ in the era of expanding GVCs. The dissertation applies a funnelling technique, meaning that each chapter builds on information presented and arguments made in the preceding chapters. Chapter 2 contextualises the importance of manufacturing and industrial policy for economic development in Africa. The chapter argues that the manufacturing sector continues to play an integral role in the process of economic development, and discusses the role of the state in the process of industrialisation, arguing that there are strong justifications for intervention through industrial policy. Chapter 3 looks at how the expansion of GVCs affects the productive structures of developing countries, particularly those in Africa, and asks if industrial policy has to change in this new global production environment. I argue that the fundamental problems of participating in GVCs are the same as when countries like South Korea and Taiwan industrialised between 1960 and 1990, although on a different scale. Chapter 4 analyses Ethiopia’s industrialisation trajectory and GVC-oriented industrial policies in the textile and leather industries. This analysis is based on 6 months of fieldwork in Ethiopia, where I carried out several interviews with stakeholders in the private and public sector and collected and collated datasets on industrial performance in collaboration with government agencies. While the findings of this chapter make an original empirical contribution to explaining the specific case of Ethiopia, the insights provided by the analysis offer broader conceptual conclusions as well.
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Eyenga, Doline Pulchérie Marie-Hortense. "Le supply chain management : un levier d'intégration des global value chains : le cas de la xylo-industrie au Cameroun." Aix-Marseille 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX24008.
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Cette recherche doctorale s’interroge sur les stratégies d’orientation possibles dans une situation de changement survenant dans la structure d’un secteur d’activité. La xylo-industrie du Cameroun est le cas d’étude qui retient l’attention de notre travail. La loi N°94/01 portant organisation des forêts intervient en 1994 pour signifier la nouvelle dimension des enjeux portés par ce secteur d’activité face au développement du pays. Or, l’industrialisation de la xylo-industrie place les entreprises face à des défis auxquels des stratégies nouvelles adaptés sont indispensables. La recherche d’une performance économique en contexte de Gestion Durable des Forêts résume ces défis. L’objectif de la recherche est de comprendre le fonctionnement de la xylo-industrie pour améliorer le management logistique et favoriser son intégration dans les GVC. Pour y parvenir, un diagnostic des difficultés a été jugé pertinent. Des entretiens semi-directifs ont été conduits auprès des trois catégories d’acteurs qui ont été identifiés. L’issu de ce diagnostic a permis de formuler l’hypothèse que la logistique était capable d’aider les entreprises à surmonter une grande partie des difficultés auxquelles elles étaient confrontées. Aussi, une revue de la littérature autour de la logistique et de la valeur a t-elle été mobilisée pour mieux appréhender la problématique de la recherche, guidé par des concepts tels que le Supply Chain Management et les Global Value Chains. Dans un deuxième moment, les propositions de recherche élaborées à partir de la littérature ont été confrontées avec les acteurs de terrain à l’aide d’un questionnaire. L’expression des acteurs professionnels sur des items théoriques a enrichi l’interprétation des résultats. Finalement, des recommandations ont été préconisées pour une amélioration du management logistique dans la xylo-industrie au Cameroun pour favoriser son intégration dans les Global Value ChainsThis research in doctorate degree rely on the law N°94/01 of 20th January 1994 bringing the forests regime, which compel the enterprises of exploitations of forests in Cameroon to realize henceforth, the first level of transformation of woods locally. The signature of passage to the industry in sector of the Xylo-industry imposes then, a structural changing of the initial channel of transformation of tropical woods going out from Cameroon. This structural changing causes a logistical problem which retains the attention of researchers. The circulation of the flows between the industries of the first localized transformation in Cameroon and the second industrials transformation localized in the developed countries should have intensified and the logistics demands will become stronger. How does one succeed the integration of channel between the enterprises of a developening country and that of developed countries? The objective of this research is to understand the functioning of the xylo-industry in Cameroon to reach at the actionable propositions centered on the logistics and the SMC. To reach it, a diagnosis of difficulties was realized by the three categories of actors which have been identified. It has been rely on a study of unique case. A literature review around the logistic of SMC and the Global value chains was judicious for better comprehension of our research. The propositions of elaborated research from the literature have been putting into test the facts towards the enterprises of the first industrial transformation in Cameroon by a questionnaire. In conclusion, an amelioration of logistic management in the enterprises of the industry of the first transformation of woods in Cameroon is an indispensable condition of their integration in the global value chains
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Stone, Trudy-Ann. "Firms in Global Value Chains : An Analysis of the Determinants and Effects of the Changing Location of International Production." Doctoral thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för industriell ekonomi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-13285.
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This thesis deals with the globalization of production, a salient feature of the modern economy. The development of international outsourcing as a widespread business practice and the simultaneous decrease in trade and transport costs have contributed to the growth of a phenomenon known as global value chains. The main aim of the thesis is to understand how global value chains alter the location of economic activity. The thesis also studies the extent of firms' participation in global value chains and its consequences for firm performance. The thesis consists of four papers studying the behavior of firms in global value chains. Paper 1 analyzes how production fragmentation influences the importing and exporting behavior of Swedish firms in the manufacturing sector. Paper 2 focuses on manufacturing firms in the ICT sector and analyzes the effect of global sourcing on firm performance. In Paper 3, the thesis examines deeper implications of global production by investigating whether exposure to trade raises firms' sensitivity to external shocks. The final paper in the thesis studies the location patterns of multinational firms and analyzes the effect of institutional distance on the number of multinational entries in developing countries. A number of patterns emerge from these studies. The first is that Swedish manufacturing firms increasingly participate in global value chains by sourcing production inputs from overseas to create products for local and foreign customers. As a result, global value chains help to alter the specialization patterns of manufacturing firms. The second finding is that firms reap benefits from global sourcing in the form of greater efficiency. However, global sourcing may also raise the responsiveness of firms to negative external shocks. The final key result points to a developing trend in the location of activity in which emerging market multinational firms are becoming significant sources of foreign direct investment flows and their investment patterns challenge existing theories of multinational location choice.
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Hannigan, Thomas John Andrew. "KNOWLEDGE TRANSIT: THE CREATION, DEVELOPMENT, AND ORCHESTRATION OF INNOVATION ACROSS SPACE." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2016. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/371119.
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Business Administration/Strategic ManagementPh.D.
The desegregation of global value chains has accelerated the development of a fabric of connectedness between firms, locations, and inventors. The modern global business world is now characterized by these connections, which serve as conduits of high value knowledge between specialist repositories, or centers of excellence. The properties of knowledge repositories are a function of the co-evolution of their constituent firms and the locations themselves. Thus, it is of great interest to scholars of international business, economic geography, and innovation studies to understand the roles and characteristics of the firms and locations that participate in global value chains. This dissertation explores the movement of knowledge from seemingly disparate locations and firms as it coalesces into ideas, and then follows the path of transformation into a commercialized product or service. In the first chapter, I laid the theoretical groundwork for the dissertation and review how the different studies contribute to the our understanding of how firm and location characteristics interact with global innovation connectedness, and vice versa. Three chapters that study innovation dynamics at within global value chains then follow. In the second chapter, I explore the characteristics of orchestrating firms, high order specialists that coordinate the movement of knowledge and activities in global value chains. With evidence from the pharmaceutical industry I find that not all orchestrating firms are created equal: a core insider group, known as “majors”, possess a unique legitimacy that enables the absorption of risk and grants access to greater resources that are required to control the value capture from market-defining innovation. In the third chapter, I discuss the interdependencies of orchestrating firms and industrial change by examining the Detroit auto cluster. I argue that the very forces that led to significant manufacturing loss in the Detroit area may also be behind the resilience of its knowledge production, a finding underwritten by significant innovation connectedness to other auto clusters. In the fourth and final chapter, I find that knowledge connectivity is a crucial driver of exploration into new technological areas, and that firms may be connected both internationally and domestically. Further, I find that the operational footprint of the firm is a vital amplifier of its connectivity efforts.
Temple University--Theses
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Tessmann, Jannes [Verfasser], and Martina [Gutachter] Fuchs. "The Embeddedness of Global Value Chains - Institutions and Value Chain Restructuring in the Cashew Industries of India and Ivory Coast / Jannes Tessmann ; Gutachter: Martina Fuchs." Köln : Universitäts- und Stadtbibliothek Köln, 2020. http://d-nb.info/121822973X/34.
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Özekin, Muhammed Kürşad. "Transnational corporations, state and classes in Turkey : the rise of new forms of dependent development in global automotive value chains." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2018. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/73744/.
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Krauss, Judith. "Cocoa sustainability initiatives and the environment : mapping stakeholder priorities and representations." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/cocoa-sustainability-initiatives-and-the-environment-mapping-stakeholder-priorities-and-representations(cf6db173-5a55-4049-8b7a-ae045aeef971).html.
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Given growing concerns regarding the chocolate sector's long-term future, ever more private-sector, public-sector and civil-society stakeholders have become involved in initiatives aiming to make cocoa production more 'sustainable'. However, despite the omnipresent term, stakeholders' understandings of associated environmental, commercial and socio-economic priorities diverge: while transforming cocoa into a more attractive livelihood for farmers is paramount for some, others prioritise links to global environmental challenges. A third dimension encompasses commercial concerns related to securing supply, an increasing qualm given projected cocoa shortages and ever-rising concentration in the marketplace. This research argues there are considerable tensions between different stakeholders' commercial, socio-economic and environmental priorities in cocoa sustainability initiatives especially in light of the sector's intensifying challenges. Further tensions emerge between underlying drivers and representations, as public-facing communication continues to emphasise altruism rather than commercial necessity, locating engagements in 'nice-to-have' rather than 'business imperative' territory. Based on documentary analysis, semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions and participant observation, this thesis aims to capture how cocoa-sector changes have driven shifts in stakeholder priorities and representations, incorporating voices from across the initiatives ranging from cocoa producers to chocolate consumers. Utilising a modified global production networks lens to represent the full spectrum of stakeholders involved, the research maps three cocoa sustainability initiatives incorporating conservation or carbon measures in terms of power and embeddedness, stakeholder drivers and representations. While identifying tensions, it also argues that acknowledging divergent understandings of the polysemic 'sustainability' concept constitutes an opportunity for a much-needed redressing of power and embeddedness asymmetries to address systemic issues threatening the sector's future. However, the thesis also observes that despite protestations of partnership, few actors are willing to contemplate the systemic changes in favour of more equitable treatment and power distribution which would be required to safeguard the sector's long-term viability. This thesis's contributions include its unprecedented critical exploration of the diverging socio-economic, commercial and environmental drivers which diverse stakeholders associate with cocoa sustainability, the meanings they create towards the public, and the link to underlying power and embeddedness structures. These analytical foci have proved instrumental in unpacking emerging tensions, which are likely to grow more marked as cocoa shortages become more acute and understandings of sustainability continue to diverge.
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Arteaga, Gabriel, Mukidi Christine Katusabe, and Fakhri Shehab. "Global Value Chains, the effects and responses of Multinational Enterprises in a crisis environment : A case study on the effects of the COVID-19 crisis." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för ekonomi, samhälle och teknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-48199.
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ABSTRACTDate: Seminar Date: 2 June 2020, Submission Date: 7 June 2020Level: Bachelor thesis in Business Administration, 15 crInstitution: School of Business, Society and Engineering, Mälardalen UniversityAuthors: Gabriel Arteaga Fakhri Qusay Shehab Christine Katusabe Mukidi(96/03/31) (99/01/05) (97/05/15)Title: Global Value Chains, the effects and responses of Multinational Enterprises in a crisis environment: A case study on the effects of the COVID-19 crisisTutor: Edward GillmoreKeywords: Global Value Chain, Contingency, Resource-based Management, Global Crisis, Multinational EnterprisesResearch questions:RQ 1: How does a global crisis affect the parts of multinational enterprises’ global value chain?RQ 2: How do multinational enterprises respond to a global crisis with their functions and actions?Purpose: This study seeks to gain in-depth understanding of how a global crisis can affect an MNE’s production and what response an MNE can use to mitigate the consequences of a global crisis.Method: The method consisted of an abductive approach with the combination of secondary data and semi-structured qualitative interviews with varied top- and middle-level managers within the chosen MNE, to help answer the research questions of the thesis.Conclusion: The global crisis disrupted parts of the MNE’s GVCs and affected demand, business relationships and caused production facilities to shut down. Since the GVCs are being impacted, the COVID-19 crisis has also impacted the way in which an MNE operates. Both MNEs showed the importance of flexibility and adapted their strategies and operations as the crisis progressed.
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Rahmat, Siti Rahyla [Verfasser]. "Global Value Chains and the Role of Innovation for Sustainable Palm Oil : An International Bioeconomy Analysis for Malaysia / Siti Rahyla Rahmat." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1095099094/34.
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Breßlein, Martin [Verfasser], and Xenia [Akademischer Betreuer] Matschke. "Empirical Aspects of Trade, Foreign Direct Investment and Trade Policy in Times of Global Value Chains / Martin Breßlein ; Betreuer: Xenia Matschke." Trier : Universität Trier, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1197702385/34.
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