Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Glossines – Organes génitaux femelles'
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Robert, Alain. "Le contrôle de l'ovulation et de la parturition chez la mouche tsé-tsé, Glossina fuscipes (Diptère)." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066311.
Full textHamon, Hélène. "Femmes et cancer : de l'errance au sens." Grenoble 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006GRE29019.
Full textThe individual hit by a cancer is forced into thinking of the unthinkable : his own death. At the very moment when the serious illness is announced, his vision of the world, of others and himself gets shattered. Nevertheless most of the time ill persons refuse the chaos induced by the arrival of cancer in their life. But in order to keep that life bearable and the will to fight for existence, patients will have to produce the meaning of their illness. In the end, among the women we met for this research work, we observe that a reconstruction of the actual world is only possible through the setting of a narration. The process of naming the origins of the illness helps to the reconstruction of the actual world by way of a symbolization of the illness and of its consequences. This setting of a narration allows the individual to situate the advent of the illness and sufferings inside a story. Thus the events of his biography are classified in a meaningful temporal order including the time of cancer. What these women have to do is a work of integration: the point is to make that event a part of their own self, although it seems to hit from the outside, like an accident. Then the body, the ill organs and the illness itself are a ground for symbols. The nursing staff also appeal to that dimension of the body, most of the time in spite of themselves, without fully realizing it. That way, in this research work we do wonder to what extent the patients actual experience is linked together with hospital life. Does the culture of women hit by gynaecological cancer ever meet "hospital culture" ?
Castano, Christine. "Conduite à tenir devant une image anéchogène pelvienne." Bordeaux 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987BOR25423.
Full textMahé, Bailliez Béatrice. "Adénocarcinome primitif de la trompe de Fallope : à propos de trois cas, revue de la littérature." Nantes, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985NANT3446.
Full textBourgoin, Thierry. "Morphologie comparée, céphalique et génitale des Tettigometridae et autres Fulgoromorpha." Paris 11, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA112199.
Full textAfter a general study of the head capsule in Fulgomorpha Tettigometridae, the morphological value of clypeo-frontal and maxillary sulcus is debated. Tentorium of Fulgomorpha in general is studied and appears to be characteristic of this group. Anterior tentorial pits are located on the internal extremity of the mandibular lever. Genital ectodermic apparatus of male and female Tettigometridae are described. New homologies of “connective” and “phallotheca” are discussed in all Hemiptera order. 3 cladograms are built up with all characters observed for Tettigometridae, Fulgomorpha and Hemiptera phylogeny
Amate, Pascale. "Premières récidives de tumeurs épithéliales invasises de l'ovaire après chirurgie de cytoreduction : localisation et facteurs de risque sur une série de 73 patientes." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011VERS010G.
Full textBackground : The management of invasive epithelial ovarian carcinoma (IEOC) is controversial. There is few data describing sites of first recurrence, which are a key in deciding the appropriate treatment. Our main objective was to describe sites of first recurrence of IEOC and to analyze factors associated with recurrence site. Materiel and methods : We carried out a retrospective noncentric study, from January 2005 to December 2009, including patients with IEOC treated by initial or interval surgical cytoreduction. We analyzed the overall survival, the disease-free survival, the factors associated with different recurrence sites, and compared the overall survival depending on recurrence sites. Results : 73 patients were included, with a mean follow-up of 29,3 months (+- 17,2). Fifty-three percent had a first recurrence, at an average of 21,5 months (+- 15,5). Seventy-seven percent of patients having a relapse had a peritoneal localization, 41% a lymph node localization (among them 53% above the diaphragm) and 39% a visceral metastasis. We performed a secondary surgical cytoreduction with no gross residual in 10% of patients having a relapse. We found several factors of initial evaluation of disease that were associated with the different reurrence sites, among them the residual tumor after primary surgical cytoreduction and the hypermetabolic character of carcinosis for peritoneal recurrence, large lymph nodes initially identified by radiology for lymph node recurrence, the Sugarbaker score and the number of cycles of neo-adjuvant chemostherapy for metastatic recurrence. The overall survival was worse when recurrence involved a visceral metastasis, than tor a lumph node recurrence, that was also more pejorative than a peritoneal recurrence (p=0,001). Conclusion : Less than half the patients were relevant for a secondary surgical cytoreduction, regarding their recurrence locations
Dupuis, Fabien. "L'abdomen et les genitalia des femelles de coléoptères Scarabaeoidea : Morphologie et intérêt phylogénétique." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MNHN0002.
Full textThis study is about the abdomen and genitalia of the female Scarabaeoidea. The first part establish the structure and ground-plan of the genital segments. A bibliographic study allows us to make a nomenclatural revision. The second part is a detailed study of 114 taxa. For each species, abdominal type, terminalia and genital ducts are described and illustrated by several diagrams. The third and last part is a phylogenetic analysis realised exclusively with abdominal and genital characters. Character states distribution takes an important place and some evolutive tendances are defined and analysed. Finally this study gives us the opportunity to come back on the systemactic place of several taxa whose phylogenetic relationships are analysed according to the morphology of female abdomen and genitalia
Apéré, Hervé. "Infections materno-fœtales à mycoplasmes génitaux : à propos d'une observation." Bordeaux 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BOR23074.
Full textChow, Siet Yam Moy fee. "Infections génitales hautes : étude rétrospective de 30 patientes." Bordeaux 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR2M011.
Full textBihan, Réjane. "Mécanismes moléculaires mis en jeu par les protéines Hox et Pbx au cours de la mise en place du tractus génital femelle chez la souris." Rennes 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005REN1S142.
Full textHardy, Julia. "Antibioprophylaxie en chirurgie digestive et en chirurgie gynécologique." Bordeaux 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR2P100.
Full textGardes, Françoise. "Le dépistage du condylome plan sur frottis gynécologique : étude rétrospective sur 6 ans (1982-1987) au C.H.R.U. de Nîmes." Montpellier 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MON11203.
Full textZagroun, Patrick. "Prolapsus génitaux : cure chirurgicale par voie basse : à propos d'une série de 50 observations." Bordeaux 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BOR25100.
Full textBesse, Fabienne. "Échographie endovaginale : thèse sous forme de kit d'enseignement." Bordeaux 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR2M216.
Full textDromard, Mathilde. "Rôles et mécanismes d'action de la protéine tyrosine phosphatase PTPL1/ptpn13 dans les cancers mammaires et ovariens." Montpellier 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON20040.
Full textRecent clinical studies have suggested an anti-oncogenic role for the Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase (PTP) PTPL1/ptpn13. Analysis of the inhibitory effect of 4-hydroxytamoxifen (OH-Tam) on growth factor action has allowed to identify the key role played by a new class of enzymes, PTPs, and more specially PTPL1 on the control of cell proliferation. The first part of my PhD studies, has demonstrated that PTPL1 inhibits activation of the Insulin Receptor Substrate-1 (IRS-1)/PI3K/Akt pathway induced by Insulin like Growth Factor 1 (IGF1), through the dephosphorylation of IRS-1, and that PTPL1 is sufficient to inhibit the IGF1 effect on cell survival and to induce apoptosis. Moreover, we have clarified the mechanisms by which the anti-estrogen OH-Tam inhibits Nerve Growth Factor (NGF)-induced breast cancer cells growth through PTPL1. PTPL1 is able to induce dephosphorylation of the NGF receptor, p140TrkA, which is necessary for activation of the MAPK (Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase) pathway and regulation of cell growth. Finally, in agreement with our retrospective studies showing the prognostic value of PTPL1 expression in ovarian tumors, we have also showed an inhibitory effect of PTPL1 on invasion, mobility and proliferation of ovarian cancer cells. Altogether, these results are consistent with the anti-oncogenic role played by this PTP. The identification of PTPL1 molecular targets and our understanding of the mechanisms that regulate its expression, its location and its activities, should allow consideration of new therapeutic approaches to regulate the expression or activity of this anti-oncogene
Gousset, Nathalie. "Etude de facteurs d'adhésion de souches de Haemophilus responsables d'infections urogénitales, materno-foetales et néonatales." Tours, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998TOUR3310.
Full textNicolle, Jean-Claude. "Evolution de l'ADN et des nucléoprotéines au cours de la maturation des cellules germinales du bélier : influence du séjour des spermatozoides dans les voies génitales mâles et femelles : étude cytophotométrique." Tours, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988TOUR4007.
Full textBrillard, Jean-Pierre. "La fertilité de la poule après insémination artificielle : essai d'analyse quantitative du devenir des spermatozoides dans les voies génitales femelles." Tours, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988TOUR4010.
Full textHaddad, Glérant Joëlle. "Survenue d'une grossesse après cure d'aplasie vaginale avec fistule uro-génitale congénitale : à propos d'un cas." Saint-Etienne, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994STET6410.
Full textLeroux, Elise. "Tumeurs de Buschke Loewenstein chez la femme : localisations génitales : à propos de trois cas cliniques." Bordeaux 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991BOR2M085.
Full textQuentin, Roland. "Caractérisation phénotypique et génotypique de souches de Haemophilus SP. Responsables des infections génitales et néonatales : implications physiopathologiques, épidémiologiques et taxonomiques des résultats." Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA114828.
Full textMamodhoussen, Firoz. "Contribution à l'étude des infections génitales hautes au Gabon : à propos de 55 cas." Montpellier 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MON11096.
Full textBreque, Christelle. "Micro-environnement des spermatozoi͏̈des de coq dans les glandes utéro-vaginales : applications au contrôle de la fertilité." Tours, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOUR4022.
Full textAvian females share the existence in their oviduct of two specialised sites (infundibular glands and utero-vaginal sperm storage tubules, SSTs) in which spermatozoa can be stored for prolonged periods. To preserve their viability and fertilizing potential during their storage, spermatozoa must beneficiate an adequate environment to maintain their metabolism and protect their membrane against peroxidations. To verify these statements, we determined the glycogene and antioxidant content of SSTs using various histological, biochemical and enzymatic approaches in adult chicken hens. In SSTs, the concentrations in glycogen and antioxidants were present at lesser concentrations in aging vs young hens. This may explain the decline of fertility performances in aging flocks. Despite a significant increase in the antioxidant content of SSTs following a dietary supplementation with vitamin E and selenium, a beneficial on fertility parameters was noted only when sub-optimal conditions are present
Hoarau, Hélène. "De l'hôpital à la famille : vivre le soin : étude anthropologique sur le vécu du soin de femmes atteintes d'un cancer gynécologique en curiethérapie ambulatoire." Bordeaux 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR21306.
Full textCancer creates a rupture in life. It has a direct impact on patients' interactions : from hospital to their family links. When cancer is gynaecological, women are affected in their physical integrity, their intimacy, their sexuality. . . Caring can become problematic. What implies in fact the patient-doctor interaction in front of intimacy? Through an anthropological research, women were followed during ambulatory gynaecological brachytherapy (internal treatment by rays of this type of cancer). From their first session of treatment to consultations after care, how the patients live this particular care? What makes sense for them? Finally, the care experience of women seems the overlap of spacial, temporal, relational and information factors and needs. Then, which outcomes can the medical team consider for meeting patients' needs? Which role can play an anthropology at hospital there?
Pacaud, Luc. "Infections génitales basses et infection par le VIH: étude d'une cohorte prospective de 79 patientes." Bordeaux 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR23087.
Full textGuedes, Ramos Anna. "Intérêt de l'hystérosonographie en gynécologie : résultats d'une étude prospective." Bordeaux 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR23051.
Full textPicard, Louise. "Étude phénoménologique sur l'expérience de femmes ayant vécu un cancer du col de l'utérus à l'âge adulte et une expérience d'inceste au cours de l'enfance ou de l'adolescence." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26295/26295.pdf.
Full textDelort, Laëtitia. "Facteurs de risque et de protection des cancers dans l'étude épidémiologique COSA (Cancers de l'Ovaire et du Sein en Auvergne) : étude des polymorphismes génétiques et des interactions gènes-environnement." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007CLF1MM22.
Full textBreast and ovarian cancer incidence is increasing around the world. The great proportion of these cancers could be explained by polymorphisms in low penetrance genes involved in major biological pathways. These genes could also interact with environmental and lifestyle factors. Thus an efficient prevention and a reduction in cancer would be conceivable with the identification of these variants. We performed a case-control study in the Auvergne region consisted of 934 women who developed breast cancer, 54 women who developed ovarian cancer and 1000 healthy women. The aim of the study was to evaluate genetic and environmental risk and protective factors for these pathologies. We genotyped the whole population for eleven polymorphisms in seven low penetrance genes involved in xenobiotic and estrogen metabolisms (CYP1A1, CYP1B1, NAT2, GSTP1, COMT, ESR, PGR). Oral contraceptive (OC) use, age at first OC use and breastfeeding were risk factors for early age at breast cancer onset. We observed a major role of central adiposity in ovarian cancer risk. We investigated the roles of polymorphisms in a multigenic model and found that COMT played an important role in breast cancer. This gene seemed to interact with other genes such as CYP1B1, ESR, GSTP1, NAT2 and with waist-to-hip ratio factor by modifying the risk. Polymorphisms in the studied genes would modify detoxication and consequently women exposure to endogenous or exogenous carcinogens. This would change individual breast cancer susceptibility. A limited role of these polymorphisms was found in ovarian cancer risk. Thus the identification of gene-gene and gene-environment interactions will lead to an individualized prevention strategy by identifying high-risk individuals
Bay, Thierry. "Modélisation de surfaces épaisses et fermées : Application au cas des organes pelviens." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM4071/document.
Full textPhysiological changes in the spatial configuration of the organs in the pelvic area are increasingly taken into account and treated to enhance the comfort of patients. MoDyPe project (ANR-09-SYSC-008 french support) has been created to develop a patient-specific simulator and to quantify the surgical gesture for preoperative purposes. The geometric modeling of the organs starts with noisy scattered point clouds. The shapes have been considered closed, smooth, hollow with a thick membrane. The process can be divided into two main parts: the construction of the surface and the addition of a thickness.In order to meet the physiological constraints, to manipulate the geometry and to accurately localize a point on the surface, a 0-genus B-spline surface is fitted to the data. It minimizes a bidirectional energy, characterizing the dissimilarities between the surface sampling and the input dataset. Its reduction is based on an alternate scheme between re-parametrization and optimal steepest descent step.Once achieved, an offset-surface is generated inwards, helped by a mesh to overcome self-intersection problems. The method created takes into account the elongated shapes of the organs, based on a curvilinear axis describing their generalized diameter.Finally, a hexahedral mesh is created from the fitted surface and its offset. It is the start point for the next step of the project consisting in mechanically simulating the dynamic behavior of the organs
Bonhomme, Stéphanie. "Insuffisance tricuspide, première manifestation d'une tumeur carnicoi͏̈de de l'ovaire : à propos d'un cas et revue de la littérature." Paris 13, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA130035.
Full textDesbiens, Maxime. "Dosimétrie Monte Carlo de curiethérapie interstitielle à haut débit de dose pour le cas gynécologique." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28597/28597.pdf.
Full textHigh dose rate brachytherapy using an Ir-192 remote afterloader can be successfully used in the management of gynecologic malignancies. Treatment can be either interstitial or endocavitary depending of the tumor caracteritics and patient’s anatomy. Clinically, the dosimetry is made through the application of the TG-43 formalism. The purpose of this study is to assess with Monte Carlo (MC) method and for an interstitial treatment dosimetric effects of the presence of the applicator and air pockets in clinical target volume and organs at risk along with tissue heterogeneities. As a related work, assessment of the effects of shielding and applicator diameters on the dose distribution of intracavitary treatment and voxelisation effects of the applicator in an interstitial treatment has been performed. In all cases, dosimetry has been achieved with the Geant4 MC toolkit. Results have shown that, in some situations, MC simulations lead to significant dose corrections.
Toubhans, Benoit. "Bio-géochimie du cancer : Utilisation des nanoparticules de sélénium dans le traitement et des isotopes du cuivre dans la détection des cancers ovariens." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALU017.
Full textOvarian cancer is the seventh most common cancer in women with five-year survival rates of less than 45%, and only 20% of cases are detected at early stages of the disease. Major challenges still exist to treat this lethal disease.The development of new drugs that target better cancer cells and reduce side effects is highly needed. Selenium at high doses has been shown to act as a cytotoxic agent, with potential applications in cancer treatment. However, clinical trials have failed to show any chemotherapeutic value of selenium at safe and tolerated doses (<90 g/day). To enable the successful exploitation of selenium for cancer treatment, I evaluated inorganic selenium nanoparticles (SeNP), and found them effective in inhibiting ovarian cancer cell growth. In both SKOV-3 and OVCAR-3 ovarian cancer cell lines SeNP treatment resulted in significant cytotoxicity. The two cell types displayed contrasting nanomechanical responses to SeNPs, with decreased surface roughness and membrane stiffness characteristic of OVCAR-3 cell responses. In SKOV-3, cell membrane surface roughness and stiffness increased, both are properties associated with decreased metastatic potential. Very excitingly I made the novel discovery that SeNPs dramatically increase histone methylation at three histone marks, namely H3K4, H3K27 and H3K9. This effect was partially blocked by pharmacological agents that blocked histone methyltransferase (HMT) function. Gene expression profiling of SeNP treated cells demonstrated that Se caused changes in the expression of HMTs suggesting one mechanism for its ability to alter histone methylation. Further interrogation of RNA seq data showed the SeNPs impact on the expression of genes linked to hallmarks of cancer such as DNA repair activation, ROS response, extracellular matrix organization. The beneficial effects of SeNPs on ovarian cancer cell death appear to be cell type dependent, and due to their low in vivo toxicity, offer an exciting opportunity for future cancer treatment.Finally, following on from recent studies in breast and colorectal cancer patients revealing that measurement of circulating copper isotopes (63Cu/65Cu ratio) can be related to cancer development I investigated this in clinical ovarian cancer samples (blood and tissue). A significant decrease in copper isotopic ratios in the serum of cancer donors was observed demonstrating the potential effectiveness of 63Cu/65Cu for the blood-based detection of ovarian cancer
Mari, Hélène. "Utilisations de juniperus sabina et actaea racemosa dans les affections gynécologiques." Bordeaux 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR2PE96.
Full textDeby, Stanislas. "Développement d'un colposcope polarimétrique de Müller pour le dépistage du cancer du col utérin : premières mesures in-vivo." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLX021/document.
Full textThis thesis was devoted to the development and the implementation of a polarimetric imager of Müller installed on a standard colposcope in order to diagnose invivo precancerous lesions of the cervix.This work was based on the development carried out during the last ten years at the LPICM at the Ecole polytechnique of a new non-invasive medical imaging technology and a priori adapted to the early detection of cancer: polarimetric imaging
Burg, Corinne. "Traitement chirurgical des stérilités tubaires : analyse des résultats : à propos de 497 cas." Bordeaux 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990BOR25021.
Full textDeguillaume, Laure. "L'inflammation génitale post-partum de la vache." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00591104.
Full textTribondeau, Philippe. "Les pelvectomies dans les rechutes des cancers du col de l'utérus : analyse et expérience de la Fondation Bergonié." Bordeaux 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR23080.
Full textFournel, Tutik. "Production of recombinant E6 protein of HPV type 16 responsible for cervical cancers : identification and characterization of specific interaction between E6 protein and four-way DNA junctions." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001STR13171.
Full textDadjo, Moïse Doctrové. "Dysplasie olfacto-génitale ou syndrome de De Morsier-Kallmann chez la femme." Bordeaux 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR2M028.
Full textSantulli, Pietro. "Le rôle de l’inflammation dans l’endométriose." Thesis, Paris 5, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA05T079.
Full textPas de résumé en anglais
Berger, Louise. "Étude histomorphologique et immunohistochimique des effets de la DHEA, des estrogènes et de l'acolbifène, seuls ou en combinaison, au niveau des organes reproducteurs et de la peau, chez le modèle de la rate ovariectomisée." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25065/25065.pdf.
Full textWatrin, Tanguy. "Étude génétique du développement normal et pathologique des canaux de Müller." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00451925.
Full textJiang, Zhifan. "Évaluation des mobilités et modélisation géométrique du système pelvien féminin par analyse d’images médicales." Thesis, Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL10003/document.
Full textThe better treatment of female pelvic mobility disorders has a social impact affecting particularly aged women. It is in this context that this thesis focuses on the development of methods in medical image analysis, for the evaluation of pelvic mobility and the geometric modeling of the pelvic organs. For this purpose, we provide solutions based on the registration of deformable models on Magnetic Resonance Images (MRI). All the results are able to detect the shape and quantify the movement of a part of the organs and to reconstruct their surfaces from patient-specific MRI. This work facilitates the simulation of the behavior of the pelvic organs using finite element method. The objective of these developed tools is to help to better understand the mechanism of the pathologies. They will finally allow to better predict the presence of certain diseases, as well as make surgical procedures more accurate and personalized
Arnaud-Lesot, Sylvie. "Pudeur et pratique médicale : aspects relationnels de l'examen gynécologique et obstétrical au XIXe siècle en France." Paris, EPHE, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007EPHE4150.
Full textThe purpose of this study is to gather and present elements with a view to answering the following question: should modesty have a place in an obstetrical or gynaecological examination? We have chosen to focus on 19th century France, to question the treatises called “on women diseases”, and the practice of midwifery. Modesty in this period appears as a true leitmotiv in the medical rhetoric dealing with the difficulties of the medical examination of women. The analysis of clinical observations nevertheless shows that the woman’s silence or discretion about the diseases which affect their genitalia, and their reluctance to accept a clinical investigation often imply a series of other reasons. We have studied in detail the precautions 19th century practitioners suggested one should take, from the inquiry to the examination proper, in order to avoid offending the patients’ modesty. The idea that the practitioner should show due respect to the patients seems to play a major role in their line of conduct. Nevertheless it is not sure that all the practitioners acted in accordance with their teaching, or with the rules they had contributed to set up. However, the advice that was generally almost unanimously shared by them, keeps all its relevance
Boulenouar, Selma. "Impacts of Human Papillomavirus type 16 (HPV-16) early proteins on trophoblastic cells." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210188.
Full textSix jours après la fécondation et suite à l’accolement du blastocyste à l’épithélium utérin, le trophoblaste s’engage dans des processus actifs de prolifération, d’invasion et de différenciation complexe pour la construction de l’interface physiologique indispensable aux échanges essentiels entre la mère et l’enfant ;le placenta. De façon intéressante, ses propriétés sont similaires à celles de la cellule tumorale maligne. Néanmoins, ses mécanismes sont étroitement régulés dans le trophoblaste, à la fois dans l’espace et le temps, assurant un développement normal à chaque étape de la grossesse.
Devant toutes ces données, nous avions émis l’hypothèse que l’expression des protéines précoces E5, E6 et E7 d’HPV de type 16 (de haut risque), pourraient modifier le développement des trophoblastes infectés. Les résultats obtenus durant ce travail de doctorat démontrent que la protéine virale E5, hautement hydrophobe, est cytotoxique et affecte la viabilité du trophoblaste. Cette cytotoxicité est neutralisée, et la viabilité est améliorée, lorsque les oncoprotéines majeures E6 et E7 sont exprimées en présence de la protéine E5. Lorsque toutes les protéines précoces sont exprimées sous le contrôle de leur propre promoteur (LCR), la viabilité est favorisée. Ces observations ont été confirmées dans les cellules cervicales également. Il a été précédemment rapporté que les oncoprotéines E6 et E7 affectaient l’adhésion du trophoblaste aux cellules endométriales. Dans le présent travail, il a été retrouvé que la protéine E5 diminuait elle aussi l’adhésion, non seulement aux cellules endométriales, mais aussi au support de culture cellulaire. Les capacités de migration et d’invasion de la matrice extracellulaire sont augmentées par l’expression de E5 et dans une plus large proportion par l’expression de E6 et E7. Des résultats similaires ont été obtenus lorsque toutes les protéines de la région précoces sont exprimées sous le contrôle de leur propre promoteur (LCR). La diminution de l’expression de la E-cadhérine est considérée comme un marqueur de malignité et de mauvais pronostic pour les cancers. Nous avons démontré que l’expression de E5, E6 ou de E7, inhibait l’expression de la E-cadhérine, reflétant l’impact des oncoprotéines du virus HPV-16 sur la diminution de l’adhésion et l’augmentation du pouvoir invasif des cellules trophoblastiques. L’investigation d’autres marqueurs de malignité et de tolérance immunitaire, l’étude de l’impact du virus HPV-6 (de bas risque) sur la migration et l’invasion des cellules trophoblastiques, et l’étude de la capacité des protéines précoces d’HPV-16 à influencer l’entrée des particules virales, ont fait l’objet de résultats préliminaires, ouvrant de larges perspectives.
Genital Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infections are the most common sexually transmitted infections amongst women on the age of reproduction. It is well established that persistent infection with high-risk HPVs is the necessary factor in the causation of precancerous and cancerous cervical lesions. High-risk HPVs have also been reported to be involved in the causation of head and neck cancers and other anogenital cancers. On this last decade, growing data are attempting to study the potential etiological association of HPV with gestational dysfunctions. The detection of HPV DNA in placentas resulting from spontaneous abortions and the unique ability of multiple HPV types to replicate in vitro in trophoblastic cells cultured in a monolayer system, rise new questions over the HPV tropism.
Six days following fertilization and once the apposition of the blastocyst on the uterine wall takes place, the trophoblast, in a very active and complex process, starts to proliferate, invade and to differentiate in order to build a physiological interface; the placenta, from where multiple mother/foetus exchanges occur. Interestingly, the way that the trophoblast behaves is very similar to malignant tumoural cells. However, the trophoblast obeys to strict spatial-temporal regulatory confines, insuring a proper development all along the pregnancy.
In regard to these data, we hypothesised that the expression of the high-risk HPV type 16 oncoproteins E5, E6 and E7, might modify the development of the infected trophoblast. During my Ph.D study, I demonstrated that the highly hydrophobic protein E5 is localized in many interne membranes compartments of the transfected trophoblast. E5 affects the viability of transiently and stably transfected trophoblastic cells. E6 and E7, favouring cell growth, neutralised the E5 cytotoxic effect. All HPV-16 early proteins, when expressed under the control of their endogenous promoter (LCR), favoured trophoblastic growth. These observations were also observed in cervical cell lines. In addition, E5 decreased the adhesiveness of trophoblastic cells to the tissue culture plastic and to endometrial cells similarly as previously described for E6 and E7. Cells expressing E6, E7 and in less extend E5 favoured chemotaxic migration and matrigel invasion compared to the cells expressing the LacZ control. These effects were also observed when early proteins were expressed under the control of their own viral promoter (LCR). Interestingly, the E-cadherin was down regulated in trophoblastic cells expressing E5, E6 and E7. In conclusion, HPV-16 early proteins enhanced trophoblastic growth and intensify the malignant phenotype by impairing cell adhesion leading to increased cellular motile and invasive properties. HPV-16 E5 participated, with E6 and E7, in these changes by impairing E-cadherin expression, a hallmark of malignant progression. Additional preliminary results consisting on the investigation of other markers of malignancy and immune tolerance, on studying the impact of the low-risk HPV type 6 early proteins on the migratory and invasive properties of trophoblastic cells and on the study of the ability of HPV-16 to influence the entry of virus particules, allowed to open wide perspectives.
Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Ben, Sellem Dorra. "Métabolomique RMN HRMAS dans les cancers gynécologiques." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STRAD027.
Full textCancer is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The search for diagnostic, prognostic and predictive biomarkers of response to treatment is crucial in improving the management of this global scourge. We chose a new technique that is HRMAS NMR spectroscopy and robust statistical analysis methods (PCA and PLS-DA), to establish the metabolic profiles ofepithelial ovarian and breast cancers. We have determined, after a theoretical reminder of HRMAS NMR spectroscopy, a state of the art including medical applications of this technique, mainly gynecological in woman and uro-genital in man. We describe the different steps of the process established for spectral analysis : preparation of tissue sample, NMR acquisition and statistical analysis. We showed that this technique, allowing a rapid analysis (20 min) and non-destructive of intact tissue samples, is applicable to the therapeutic management of patients with breast and ovarian carcinomas. It has, in the case of ovarian cancer, characterize metabolically the three histological types (serous, endometrioid and mucinous) and healthy ovarian tissue, generate statistical models to classify borderline tumors and predict survival patients and response to chemotherapy. In the case of breast cancer, it could discriminate metabolically breast carcinomas, fibroadenomas and healthy tissue and study metabolically different histological indicators of these carcinomas. We plan to confirm these very encouraging preliminary results in a larger cohort
Manousakidi, Sevasti. "Étude des activités du FGF1 dans les tumeurs ovariennes." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLV049.
Full textOvarian cancer is an heterogenous group of tumors, able to affect epithelial, stromal or germ cells. The treatment of these tumors is a major challenge as a high rate of relapse is observed in ovarian cancer patients following chemotherapy.Fibrobast growth factor 1 (FGF1) is overexpressed in numerous tumors such as high grade ovarian epithelial tumors. Previous work realized in our laboratory showed that FGF1 has an anti-apoptotic activity which is mediated by the regulation of p53 stability and transcriptional activities. The aim of my work was to understand whether FGF1 overexpression is sufficient to induce resistance to chemotherapy-induced apoptosis in ovarian tumors and if FGF1 could modulate the activities of p53 protein.For this purpose, we used three ovarian cell lines; the COV434 ovarian granulosa cell line, the ovarian epithelial A2780 cell line and its counterpart A2780cis cell line which is resistant to ciplatin and overexpresses FGF1.FGF1 knock out experiments in A2780cis cell line, using the CRISPR/Cas9 system, did not show any restoration of the sensibility of these cells to cisplatin. Moreover, we showed that FGF1 overexpression in COV434 cell line renders these cells resistant to apoptosis while no effect was observed in A2780 cells. The molecular mechanisms underlying this anti-apoptotic activity differed from those identified in other cell lines previously. Indeed, in COV434 cell line, FGF1 overexpression has only a small impact on p53 stability and it does not reduce its transcriptional activity. Furthermore, we show here that p53 mitochondrial translocation plays an important role in the induction of apoptosis by etoposide in COV434 cells. Moreover, we provide evidence that FGF1 anti-apoptotic activity in COV434 cells relies upon the attenuation of p53 mitochondrial localization. Our preliminary results suggest that FGF1 could be found at the mitochondria. In conclusion, our findings let us propose a novel mode of action for FGF1 which has never been described previously
Rousseau-Didelot, Marie-Noëlle. "Infections génitales à papillomavirus humains (HPV) au Burkina Faso : génotypes impliqués, lésions associées et impact de l'infection à VIH-1." Montpellier 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON1T013.
Full textChailley, Bernadette. "Etude de la membrane plasmique apicale, du cytosquelette et de leur interaction dans les cellules ciliées de l'oviducte de caille." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066685.
Full textMorcel, Karine. "Génétique du syndrome de Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser : étude d'un gène candidat, le gène ITIH5." Rennes 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009REN1B127.
Full textThe Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser (MRKH) syndrome is featured by a congenital utero-vaginal aplasia associated with other malformations. Familial cases were described. A different deletion was found in 4 independent patients within the four chromosomal loci affedted in DiGeorge syndrome (DGS) (22q11, 10p14, 8p23 and 4q34-ter). In 10p14-15, one gene, ITIH5, was affected by the deletion. It is a member of the ITI gene family, playing a role in extracellular matrix dynamics. In the mouse, Itih5 expresssion is strong and increases during embryonic development in the female genital tract. Moreover, the genital tracts seem to synthesize a specific isoform of the Itih5 protein. In conclusion, the loci involved in DGS deletion syndrome might as well be involved in the MRKH syndrome which would then be part of a wider and heterogeneous deletion syndrome. Furthermore our results show that ITIH5 haploinsufficiency could account for the MRKH syndrome