Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Gloves'

Modern technologies play an important role in our modern live because they do it easier, more comfortable and interesting. Every year more and more new gadgets are created but not all of them become popular and useful. Students from universities of different countries take part in development of modern technologies and very often their inventions are really brilliant. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/33837

A need for a more scientific approach to medical glove design, which incorporated performance requirements such as dexterity and tactility, was identified from discussions with manufacturers and a review of relevant literature. Based on the results of a review of existing test methods and interviews with a wide range of practitioners, a number of existing tests were identified for development and a number of new tests were proposed. The test apparatus and methods were designed, refined and validated with small groups of participants, allowing recommendations to be made for a battery of realistic, repeatable tests by which medical glove performance can be comprehensively characterised. The recommended tests covered three main areas of performance: manual dexterity, tactility, and grip and friction. As well as existing tests, including the Purdue Pegboard Test, the Crawford Small-Parts Dexterity Test and the Semmes-Weinstein Monofilaments, new tests were developed that better simulated the tasks carried out by practitioners, including a suturing test, the Simulated Medical Examination Tactility Test, the Pulse Location Test and the Roughness Perception Test. Apparatus was also designed to measure the effect of gloves on grasping forces and to compare static frictional properties of gloves. Grasp force and friction measurements were taken for examination gloves using human subjects and with a specially-designed anthropomorphic device. The results were compared with those obtained using a number of other friction measurement methods. There was little consistency between the test results, and none gave a definitive answer as to which glove produced the highest friction in any given situation. Further development of the apparatus and validation of the method was recommended, as well as a more comprehensive study of glove friction and the effects of lubrication. As part of the validation of the selected methods, analysis was carried out into the effect of glove material, thickness and fit on performance and the relationship between perceived and measured performance. Initial results suggested that glove fit had a greater effect on dexterity than tactility, with looser gloves reducing dexterity and tighter gloves reducing tactility. Glove thickness was found to be a significant factor in tactility, and in manual dexterity, where tactile feedback is required; thicker gloves and 'double-gloving' produced a reduction in tactility compared to thinner, single-layered gloves, and hence affected the ability to manipulate objects. Analysis of user perception of performance and of the effect of glove material properties did not produce clear trends. However, initial findings suggested that, contrary to user perception, natural rubber latex did not perform significantly better than alternatives such as nitrile and vinyl. A number of possible explanations for the discrepancy were proposed, and recommendations were made for future work with a larger sample size, including analysis of stress and fatigue levels and performing tests in lubricated conditions.

The project consists in develop a tool that make a classification of latex gloves taking into account the different features that make the difference between them using a Matlab code in machine learning. This project has the purpose to have a tool that classify those gloves in order to know in which market of the world they could be sold and at what price. So as to achieve this purpose, it is necessary to collect the data and prepare them to introduce in the code. The project can be divided in three different parts; the first one is to make a research of all the theory about latex gloves, achieve the basic fundamentals with the program Matlab and the theory about image processing and machine learning. After that, I will collect the 125 data and the features to take into account are if the gloves have black spots and if they are yellow or white colour. With all the material, it will possible to generate a code in Matlab to prepare all the data and finally, train a model with machine learning. After training this model, the classifier performed well, achieving 82% accuracy. However, it is not perfect because the main mistake has been in the images taken, some of the gloves had wrinkles, so the code detects them as black spots. That is why, as a future work, the quality of the images should be improved in order to not have wrinkles and hence improve the precision for the classifiers. Moreover, it has been proven that this tool can be implemented in the company that has provided the gloves. With that, his plan to sell gloves in Europe could be feasible if the bath of gloves accomplishes the required Acceptance Quality Limit but it has not been possible to prove because the gloves have not been randomly selected to carry out this project. Even so knowing that the code works, it could be applied to corroborate this fact.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of South Florida, 2004.
Includes vita. Abstract has title: Effects of visual acuity and gloves on dexterity. Title from PDF of title page. Document formatted into pages; contains 53 pages. Includes bibliographical references.

Bioservo Technologies tillverkar mjuka robothandskar. En växande produktion har gjort att företaget har uttryckt ett behov av en inspektionslösning som ger kvantitativa, objektiva och tillförlitliga data om handskarnas förmåga. Den första uppgiften bestod av att bestämma vilken eller vilka parametrar som ska mätas och hur mätningar ska gå till. Huvuduppgiften var att designa och tillverka ett testsystem för Bioservos produkter som skulle kunna användas i deras nuvarande produktion. Två parametrar, fingerstyrka och fingersensorkalibrering, har tillsammans med en testmetod utvecklats från tillgänglig forskningslitteratur då inga standardiserade test finns för denna typ av produkt. En prototyp av testriggen har skapats, men den är inte lämpad för produktionen på grund av valda sensor- och datainsamlingskomponenter. Resultaten från testmätningar visar däremot på att systemet har potentiell nytta för företagets kvalitetsarbete. Rekommenderade komponenter och framtida arbete har beskrivits för att underlätta för Bioservo om de väljer att gå vidare med utvecklingen. Varför de dyrare rekommenderade produkterna inte användes diskuteras också eftersom det kan vara relevant för andra företag och organisationer som är intresserade av att göra tillförlitliga mätningar för första gången.
Bioservo Technologies is a producer of soft robotic gloves. Growing production volumes has made the company express the need for a product inspection solution that provides quantitative, objective, and reliable data regarding the gloves’ capabilities. The initial task consisted in determining which performance metric or metrics should be measured, as well as how measurements should be obtained. The main task was to design and manufacture a testing system for Bioservo’s products that could be implemented in their current production. Two metrics, finger strength and finger sensor calibration, along with a test method have been derived from available research literature as no standardised tests exist for this type of product. A protoype testing rig was created, but the sensor and data acquisition components used do not make it suitable for application. However, the results from test measurements do show that the system may have potential benefits for the company’s quality work. Recommended components and future work have been described, should Bioservo wish to proceed with development of the system. It is also discussed why the more expensive recommended products were rejected, which may be relevant for other companies and organisations that are interested in performing reliable measurements for the first time.

The SNO+ experiment is a multipurpose liquid scintillator detector whose rst goal is to measure neutrinoless double beta decay. This thesis describes two important components: simulations to optimize the time window for the prompt peak of an optical calibration source, the \laserball" and the search for gloves to handle calibration sources while maintaining stringent background conditions. Non-direct light found in laserball runs creates challenges for optical calibration. By changing the time pro le from the standard 4ns to an asymmetric pro le of +2 4 ns this contribution of non-direct light can be reduced up to 45%. Gloves provide an access point to manipulate calibration sources during deployment inside the detector and as barrier to 222Rn, a known background to the experiment. However, typical glove materials are found to permeate large amounts radon. Through a careful selection process the material Silver Shield was chosen for use in SNO+ with a permeation rate of 1:1 10 6 radon atoms/hour.

The fungus Hypocreopsis rhododendri forms orange-brown, distinctively lobed stromata on the stems of trees and shrubs. It is found both in Corylus avellana (hazel) scrub on the western fringe of Europe, and on understory shrubs in the Appalachian woodlands of eastern North America. On the basis of its narrow distribution and perceived threats to its Atlantic hazel habitat, H. rhododendri has been prioritised for conservation action in Scotland. A lack of knowledge regarding the species' ecology, however, presents a significant obstacle to effective conservation action. This thesis reports on investigations into the ecology of H. rhododendri, with the aim of providing a scientific basis upon which decisions regarding the species' conservation may be taken. The research yielded the following key findings:  Investigations into the population genetics of the fungus provided evidence of a genetic bottleneck in H. rhododendri's European population, and hinted at fairly recent gene flow between the species' European and North American populations. On this basis it is hypothesised that H. rhododendri established in Europe recently, following dispersal from North America.  Research into the genetic constitution of H. rhododendri's stromata, the distribution of its mycelia in stems and its ability to degrade wood in vitro provided strong support for the hypothesis that H. rhododendri is a superficial parasite of the wood decay fungus Pseudochaete corrugata.  Field surveying revealed that H. rhododendri has a fairly high rate of population turnover, with stromata typically surviving for less than two years. It also revealed that the species' distribution is not strongly influenced by the structure and exposure of its scrub habitat. In view of the above findings and the fact that conservation action is already being undertaken to conserve the species' Atlantic hazel habitat, it is not recommended that conservation action specifically targeted at H. rhododendri is carried out in Scotland.

Spacesuits utilized a rubberized layer of material to contain a pressurized atmosphere to facilitate respiration and maintain the physiologic functions of the astronaut residing within. However, the elasticity of the material makes it resistant to deformation increasing the amount of work required during movement. This becomes particularly fatiguing for the muscle groups controlling the motion of the hands and fingers. To mitigate this a robotic system was proposed and developed. The system built upon previous concepts and prototypes discovered through research efforts. It utilized electric motors to pull the index, ring, and middle fingers of the right hand closed, ideally overcoming the resistive force posed by the pressurized elastic material. The effect of the system was determined by comparing qualitative and quantitative data obtained during activities conducted with and without it within a glove box. It was found that the system was able to offload some of this elastic force though several characteristics of the design limited the full potential this device offered. None the less, the project was met with success and provides a solid platform for continued research and development.

The main objective of this research was to advance understanding of factors influencing the transmission of vibration through glove materials to the hand and to the fingers. The transmissibility of a glove to the hand depends on two primary factors: the biodynamic response of the hand and the dynamic characteristics of the glove material. Although some of the factors affecting the biodynamic response of the hand and the dynamic characteristics of glove materials have been investigated previously, there is insufficient understanding to be able to predict glove transmissibilities. The apparent mass of the hand, the dynamic stiffness of three glove materials (Foam A, Foam B, and Gel A), and their transmissibilities to the hand were measured with five variables: (a) material thickness (6.4, 12.8, and 19.2 mm), (b) push force (10, 15, and 20 N), (c) contact area (with diameters 12.5. 25.0, and 37.5 mm), (d) vibration magnitude (1, 2, and 4 m/s2 r.m.s.), (e) with and without arm support, and (f) different frequency ranges (10 to 300 Hz and 2 to 50 Hz). With the hand pushing down on a flat surface and vertical vibration, measurements were obtained at the palm of the hand, the thenar eminence, and the index finger. It is concluded that the apparent mass of the hand and the dynamic stiffnesses of the glove materials at high frequencies are predominantly affected by contact area and contact force. A change in contact area or contact force can therefore increase or decrease glove transmissibility. At frequencies greater than 20 Hz, the apparent mass at the palm and the transmissibilities of the glove materials to the palm were similar with and without arm support. At frequencies between 20 and 100 Hz, as the dynamic stiffness of the material decreased, the transmissibility of the material to the palm decreased whereas the transmissibility to the index finger increased. Changes in the vibration magnitude will not have a large effect on glove transmissibility. Using the measured apparent mass of the hand and the measured dynamic stiffnesses of the glove materials, the transmissibility of the materials to the hand were predicted using an impedance model. The predicted transmissibilities were similar to, and showed similar trends to, the measured transmissibilities. The predicted transmissibilities seemed to reflect individual changes in the dynamic response of the hand, suggesting a method of predicting inter-subject variability in glove transmissibility. Simple lumped parameter models of the hand were developed (with two and four degrees-of-freedom) and combined with the dynamic characteristics of glove material (represented by a standard linear viscoelastic model) to predict glove transmissibility to the palm of the hand. The two degree-of-freedom model (representing the material and the hand) consistently provided a prediction of glove transmissibility to the palm that was inferior to the predictions of the four degree-of-freedom model (representing the material, the hand, and the arm), suggesting the exclusion of the dynamic response of the arm affects the ability of a model to predict glove transmissibility to the palm. The research shows that the transmission of vibration through a glove to the palm of the hand or to the finger can be predicted from the dynamic stiffness of the glove material and the apparent mass of the hand. Such predictions will assist the optimisation of glove dynamics, reduce the time to assess the performance of a glove, and reduce the need for testing with human subjects.

Hands are a common exposure site for chemicals, and as such, gloves are a core component of PPE (personal protective equipment). In order for a glove user to be certain that they have adequate protection, they need to know how a particular type of glove will react to the specific chemicals or chemical mixtures they will be encountering. This can only be achieved by specific testing of gloves against the exact chemicals that will be interacted with. Existing research tends to focus on the efficacy of gloves in relation to single chemicals or compounds; however, much practical work with chemicals (such as counter-narcotics, counter-terrorism activity, and even industry) involves chemical mixtures. A chemical mixture may result in variations to breakthrough time and permeability of the glove material. For the most accurate information, testing needs to mimic the real-world scenario in which the glove will be used as accurately as possible. The aim of this literature review was to examine the existing research in relation to gloves, to determine areas where further research is required. Further research into the efficacy of gloves in relation to chemical mixtures is recommended in order to gain a better understanding of the protective capacity of gloves. This research should cover both a range of glove types, as well as a range of chemical mixtures that the gloves will be interacting with.

Knowledge of the cats’ coat colors variants is important to enhance the understanding of mammalian physiology, development pathways, cancer predisposition, evolution and even forensic identification. The continued understanding would allow new opportunities in the prevention and treatment of skin diseases and discover the pathological basis of various forms of hereditary deafness. Moreover the development of a genetic test, hence a chance to identify the causative alleles for white spotting, would be helpful for cat breeders as a powerful tool to select and screen between different color genes. The aim of this study has been to find the gene that controls the different white spotting patterns in the domestic cat. The v-Kit Hardy-Zuckerman 4 feline sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KIT) gene has been characterized has the best candidate gene that defines the different white spotting phenotypes. Regions of the skin, and corresponding hair follicles, lacking melanocytes are devoid of coloration and appear white in many species of mammals. Many patterns of the white phenotype exist across animal species; form dominat white to piebald to minimal bellyspots. From our previous study, KIT was found within the linked region for white spotting in cats. Four additional feline-derived markers were genotyped in a large pedigree of cats that segregates for ventral white spotting and complete linkage with KIT was detected. In this study, the KIT gene from random and pure bred domestic cats with various white spotting phenotypes was directly sequenced in order to identify DNA variants associated with the different patterns. A novel allele for the white pattern of the Birman cat breed, defined as symmetrical gloves ending with an even linea cross the front paws and white socks tapering up the back leg, was identified. Allele specific PCR was used to genotype candidate SNPs in a larger sample set including over 200 Birmans and over 900 additional cats comprised of twenty-one breeds, Birmans outcrosses and random bred cats. All the analyzed and verified Birman cats were homozygous for the “gloving” haplotype, suggesting that the phenotype is a result of the identified mutations and that this haplotype could be considered a breed unifying characteristic.

Dear All, Eros moves. In January of 2007 I decided to do research about Eros and his presence in architecture. I decided to do a thesis about LOVE. This thesis it is a story about me, since when you love architecture you give yourself completely to it. What you see in these pages, it's me: my life, my desires, my passion for architecture, my fears, my bad moments, my good moments, my joy--all of me. Desire in architecture seemed to me at that moment something with which I didn’t know how to start working. It was so abstract that, when considered, almost anything can be a desire, and maybe it is. But this thesis is a story of how desire opened for me an infinite world of imagination and wonder--how Eros made me love the drawing, the line, the color, the wall, the shadow, the material....the architecture. I have chosen to explore desire through the designing of a post office, theatre school, and retail shops. The site is in Washington DC, in between 7th and 8th streets SE, adjacent to Eastern Market.
Master of Architecture

Gloved work has been shown to increase the effort required to perform manual tasks. In power grip tasks, these differences have been observed as reductions in strength and increases in muscular effort. Decreases in force output have been attributed to a number of factors, including loss of tactile sensitivity, glove flexibility or suppleness, thickness, changes in hand geometry, and friction at the glove-object interface. Glove research has rarely quantified glove attributes, and often compared gloves of varying material and physical properties. This research had the unique opportunity to control for a number of these properties by using three sets of identical gloves (powerline maintainers? insulating rubber gloves), differing only in thickness.

Administering the Von Frey Hair Test indicated that the gloves did indeed decrease tactile sensitivity. This research showed that increasing glove thickness led to large decreases in maximum power grip force. Small changes in hand geometry, such as increased interdigital space or grip span, affected force output. In the same hand posture, participants increased their grip force with increasing glove thickness for the object lifting task but were able to maintain a fixed submaximal force with visual feedback. The decrease in tactile sensitivity is a likely cause of this difference.

Muscular activity was affected by wearing the gloves while performing manual tasks. Inconsistent responses of muscular activation were seen in gloved maximum grip effort, while overall increases in electromyographic activity were recorded for tasks at submaximal levels when wearing gloves.

Interdigital spacing had different effects on maximal and submaximal tasks. For maximum effort power grip, interdigital spacing decreased force output by as much as 10%, with no significant changes in muscle activation. For submaximal tasks, no significant differences were seen in muscular activity or in force output. The overall force capability of the gloved user is hindered by changes in interdigital spacing at near maximal effort, but does not appear to be for tasks requiring lower grip force, such as the lifting task which required roughly 20%MVC. Overall, the effect of wearing these gloves on the users, the powerline maintainers, is a substantially increased effort to work. This research contributes to a greater understanding of why and how gloves inhibit performance.

In my final work I deal with the topic of handicap, disability and otherness. Any otherness causes fear in society, fear of ignorance. Being healthy, "normal," means the assumption of a full-fledged life of modern man. A disabled person, whether physically or mentally, does not meet these priorities and ideas of normality. I try to point out the handicap positively, not to hide it. I also work on the qualities of beauty and ugliness because they are very similar to health and disability issues. My final work is focused on the affected bodies. The result is a set of exposed objects that, in conjunction with the installation, can act as luxury goods. The work consists of about fifteen hand-sewn gloves of various shapes and materials. They are very extraordinary objects that only "sit" for the chosen. The aim of the work is to contribute to works that seek to promote disability in art or culture.

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Introdução: Infecção hospitalar é definida como qualquer tipo de infecção adquirida durante a hospitalização, desde que não esteja incubada anteriormente à internação, ou então relacionada a algum procedimento, podendo manifestar-se inclusive após a alta do paciente. Podem resultar em internação prolongada, aumento de resistência microbiana aos antimicrobianos, aumento da mortalidade, além de custos adicionais para o sistema de saúde, pacientes e seus familiares. Atualmente representam além de uma preocupação dos serviços de saúde, um problema social, ético e jurídico frente às implicações na vida dos pacientes e os riscos a que estão submetidos. Objetivo: Analisar as publicações nacionais e internacionais referentes à contaminação de luvas de procedimento em ambiente hospitalar. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa de literatura, método de pesquisa utilizado na Prática Baseada em Evidências. Resultados: Como resultado obteve-se 49 artigos científicos. Após leitura de títulos e resumos foram selecionadas doze artigos para leitura na íntegra, dos quais apenas quatro relacionavam-se ao tema proposto. Um estudo apontou elevada taxa microbiana das luvas, analisadas antes da abertura das caixas, questionando sobre a contaminação durante a fabricação ou modo de armazenamento das caixas. Outros dois artigos referem-se à possibilidade de implementação de luvas revestidas com material antimicrobiano, uma vez que mostraram-se com menor carga microbiana, em comparação às luvas de procedimento comum. Por fim, um estudo analisou a contaminação das luvas em três momentos distintos, início, meio e fim da caixa, para investigar se o tempo de abertura interfere na possível contaminação das luvas, porém não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre esses momentos. Considerações finais: As luvas de procedimento mostram a presença de microrganismos patogênicos, os quais podem ocasionar danos tanto para o paciente como o profissional de saúde. Faz-se necessário uma politica de fiscalização em relação ao fluxograma que abrange desde sua fabricação e liberação na indústria até o uso nos ambientes de saúde.
Background: Hospital infection is defined as any type of infection acquired during hospitalization, provided that it is not incubated prior to hospitalization or related to any procedure, and may even occur after patient's discharged from the hospital. They may result in prolonged hospitalization, increased microbial resistance to antimicrobials, increased mortality, and additional costs for the health system, patients, and their families. Nowadays, they represent a social, ethical and legal problem in addition to a concern of the health services, considering the implications in patients’ life and the risks they are subjected to. Aim: Analyze national and international publications regarding the contamination of procedure gloves in a hospital environment. Methods: This is an integrative literature's review, a research method used in Evidence-Based Practice. Results: A total of 49 scientific articles were obtained. After reading titles and abstracts, twelve articles were selected for a full read, of which only four were related to the proposed theme. A study indicated a high gloves' microbial rate, analyzed before boxes being opened, questioning about the manufacture or storage contamination. Two other articles show the possibility of implementing gloves coated with an antimicrobial material since they showed lower microbial burden compared to gloves of common procedure. Finally, a study analyzed gloves' contamination at three different moments, beginning, middle, and ending box, in order to check if the opening time interferes in the gloves’ contamination, but there was no statistically significant difference between these moments. Conclusions: Procedure gloves have pathogenic microorganisms, which can damage both the patient and the health professional. There is a need for a control policy regarding the flowchart that covers everything from its manufacture and releases from the industry to the use in health environments.

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Dissertacao (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP

Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka vilken betydelse verksamheten Pink Gloves Boxing haft för enskilda deltagares psykosociala livssituation, som öppenvårdsinsats i Borlänge kommun. Dessutom har syftet varit att undersöka vilka komponenter i verksamheten som bidragit till en eventuell förändring avseende psykosocial livssituation. Då studien ämnat fånga deltagares subjektiva upplevelser av Pink Gloves Boxing har det empiriska materialet insamlats genom semistrukturerade intervjuer med sex deltagare. Genom en tematisk analys av det insamlade materialet framkom centrala teman och subteman, vilka utgjort grunden i studiens resultatdel. För att analysera resultatet har en teoretisk tolkningsram tillämpats, vilken innefattat teorier om empowerment och genus. Samtliga informanter pekar på bättre fysik och ökad psykisk hälsa, av sitt deltagande i verksamheten. Stresshantering, aggressionskontroll och grupptillhörighet är exempel på förtjänster av ett deltagande, som informanterna framhållit. Gynnande komponenter som framträder i verksamheten är tränarnas roll, gruppen, träningsformen och verksamhetens upplägg, som exempelvis endast kvinnliga deltagare och gruppsamtal.
The aim of this study has been to examine what importance the Pink Gloves Boxing club has had for individual participant’s life situation with regards to psychosocial health, as a contribution to social work in Borlänge county. Furthermore, the aim has been to examine which parts of Pink Gloves Boxing have contributed to a possible change in the participants’ psychosocial life situation. Because of the aim to catch participants’ subjective experience of Pink Gloves Boxing, the material has been collected through semi-structured interviews with six participants. Through a thematic analysis of the material we found central themes and subthemes, which have formed the basis of the outcome. To analyze the result we have applied theories of empowerment and gender. All of the informants speak of better physique and increased mental health through their participation in Pink Gloves Boxing. Developed capacity of how to handle stress, aggression control and group affiliation are examples of the virtues of participation, as emphasized by informants. Positive components that emerged are the role of trainers, the cohesion of the group, the form of the exercise and the club’s arrangements, such as only female participants and group discussions.

Is it a dream came true for you to experience a Virtual Reality (VR) and be able to touch virtual objects and manipulate them with your bare hands? The recent growth of the Virtual Reality market resulted in an intensification of the development of the haptics gloves technology. The newly haptics gloves, Bebop gloves launched and commercialized recently which will use for this study. Earlier research has explored a range of haptics effects mainly on VR surgery or gaming. Yet, VR industrial training has gradually received attention in recent years. Creating multiple scenarios in the virtual scene is not only cost-effective but also increases safety and reduces training time. However, not many research studies have explored using haptic gloves in the VR industrial training environment. This study tries to complement earlier research by investigating usability and user performance using bebop vibration gloves in VR industrial training. The purposes were to provide a usability review of bebop gloves and explored the effect of haptics in VR industrial training. Three different haptics settings (Non-haptics, Partial haptics, and Full-haptics) were being set up. Eighteen users were then recruited to try randomly two haptics settings. Each user had to complete a five steps VR industrial training task while “thinking aloud”, followed by questionnaires and interviews after the task. The error and time recorded for each training step. These results confirmed several conclusions drawn in earlier research about how the haptics affect user performance in the VR environment, as well as how the behavior changes when using the haptics gloves in a VR environment. Last but not least the results also pointed to the importance of vibration haptics benefits in small-scale actions and provide the user with an interpersonal confirmation.
Är det en dröm som förverkligades för dig att uppleva en virtuell verklighet (VR) och kunna röra virtuella objekt och manipulera dem med bara händer? Den senaste tillväxten av marknaden för Virtual Reality resulterade i en intensifiering av utvecklingen av haptikhandskar-tekniken. De nyligen haptiska handskarna, Bebophandskar lanserade och kommersialiserades nyligen som kommer att användas för denna studie. Tidigare forskning har undersökt en rad haptiska effekter främst på VR-kirurgi eller spel. Ändå har VR-industriell utbildning gradvis fått uppmärksamhet under de senaste åren. Att skapa flera scenarier i den virtuella scenen är inte bara kostnadseffektivt utan ökar också säkerheten och minskar tiden. Men inte många forskningsstudier har undersökt användning av haptiska handskar i VR: s industriella utbildningsmiljö. Denna studie försöker komplettera tidigare forskning genom att undersöka användbarhet och användarprestanda med hjälp av bebop-vibrationshandskar i VR-industriutbildning. Syftena var att tillhandahålla en användbarhetsgranskning av bebop-handskar och utforska effekten av haptik i VR-industriutbildningen. Tre olika haptikinställningar (Non-haptics, Partial haptics och Full-haptics) inställdes. Atten användare rekryterades sedan för att testa slumpmässigt två haptikinställningar. Varje användare måste genomföra en femstegs VR-industriell träningsuppgift medan han ”tänker högt”, följt av frågeformulär och intervjuer efter uppgiften. Felet och tiden som registrerats för varje träningssteg. Dessa resultat bekräftade flera slutsatser som dragits i tidigare forskning om hur haptiken påverkar användarnas prestanda i VR-miljön, liksom hur beteendet förändras när man använder haptikhandskarna i en VR-miljö. Sist men inte minst pekade resultaten också på vikten av fördelar med vibrationshaptik i småskaliga åtgärder och ger användaren en interpersonell bekräftelse.

Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2004.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Healthcare workers (HCWs) wear latex gloves to protect themselves and their patients against the transmission of microbial, viral and bloodborne diseases. These individuals are primarily exposed to latex via cutaneous (direct contact) and mucocutaneous (inhalation of airborne allergens on glove powder) routes. Repeated exposure leads to the formation of circulating latex-specific IgE and subsequent sensitisation with varying clinical expression. The airconditioning system of the Tygerberg Hospital (TBH) complex was investigated for the presence of aerosolised cornstarch glove powder and proteins. Dust samples were collected from 14 areas with different levels of latex glove usage. Dust samples were spectrophotometrically compared to a calibration graph of pure glove powder. The detection of starch and proteins in all the dust samples confirmed the presence of glove powder and possibly airborne latex allergens in the airconditioning ducts. As expected, the high exposure areas showed the highest concentrations of both starch and proteins. It is possible that other proteins than latex were involved, but the confirmed high level of protein contamination should be a cause for concern. Correlation between starch and protein levels was highly significant (p<0.01) in all instances. A total of 500 questionnaires were circulated for completion by HCWs from TBH. The response rate was 69.8%. After considering specific inclusion criteria, a study group of 152 individuals was compiled (28 males, 124 females). All subjects had current latex exposure and suffered from at least three pre-defined symptoms. Serum was collected from all subjects and dermal fluid from 31 subjects. Total IgE and latex specific IgE analysis were done on all serum and dermal fluid samples. Latex-specific IgE was positive (>0.35 IU/ℓ) in 23 serum and six dermal fluid samples. Skin prick tests (SPTs)for latex were done on 59 subjects with negative serum latex-specific IgE and 34 had positive results. Twelve subjects with negative latex-specific IgE and latex SPTs underwent patch tests with the European Standard Series, a piece of latex glove and glove powder in petrolatum. Three subjects had positive results to one or more of these allergens. Western blot analysis for latex was done on all positive sera and dermal fluid collected from these subjects. Western blot analysis for latex proved to be more sensitive than the capRAST, because it was able to identify specific bands in samples with negative capRAST results. All subjects showed a band for Hev b 1, which has been confirmed as a powder-bound airborne allergen. Hev b 6.01 is associated with HCWs with cutaneous symptoms and this band was recognised by 81% of the subjects. These findings confirmed that airborne and cutaneous routes are the major routes of exposure in HCWs. According to their laboratory results, subjects were divided into the following subgroups and compared statistically: Group A (serum positive, n=23), Group B (SPT positive, n=34) and Group C (negative, n=25). Group D (withdrawn, n=70) could not be used for statistical comparisons, due to incomplete results. An overall latex allergy prevalence of 38% was found. Group A differed significantly from Group B and Group C for most clinical and special investigations. Group A and B were also combined to represent all subjects with positive results (Cohort AB). The Allergy Score and Class were highly significant when Cohort AB was compared to Group C. The selection of clinical symptoms was confirmed to be relevant and work-related deterioration on any of the symptoms should bear a high index of suspicion in the evaluation of latex allergy. Numerical indices and specific symptoms showed high positive predictive values and the Allergy Score produced statistical significance in the positive subgroups when compared to the negative subgroup. Paired statistical significance was confirmed between the Allergy Score and occupational exposure (number of years, hours and pairs per week). The areas with the highest occupational latex exposure in HCWs are the face and hands. Different occupations also have different levels of exposure and two subgroups of HCWs (16 laboratory technologists and 13 theatre staff) were investigated for sebum content on different facial areas and the palms and dorsal areas of both hands. Baseline measurements were done before putting on gloves. In 21 subjects follow up measurements were done following three to four hours of occupational exposure, but before washing their hands. Baseline and follow up values were compared for all the different anatomical regions. Levels on the forehead and cheeks increased over time, while the level on the nose decreased. All hand regions decreased significantly during occupational exposure, suggesting that glove powder contributes to dryness of the skin. In conclusion, the problem posed by latex allergy will not be solved overnight and will probably remain a major occupational hazard for years to come. It is currently not possible to avoid exposure to latex, but it is imperative to institute safety measures to prevent further sensitisation in predisposed individuals and manage those already affected.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Gesondheidswerkers dra lateks handskoene om hulleself en hulle pasiënte te beskerm teen die oordrag van mikrobiale, virale en bloed-gedraagde siektes. Die lateks blootstelling vind hier hoofsaaklik plaas via kutane (direkte velkontak) en mukokutane (inaseming van lug-gedraagde allergene op hanskoen poeier) roetes. Herhaalde blootstelling veroorsaak sirkulerende lateksspesifieke IgE en sensitisasie met variërende kliniese beelde. Die lugreëlingstelsel van die Tygerberg hospitaalkompleks is ondersoek vir die teenwoordigheid van handskoenpoeier (stysel) en lateks proteïene. Stofmonsters is versamel in 14 areas wat verskillende blootstellingsvlakke verteenwoordig het. Die stofmonsters is spektrofotometries vergelyk met "n kalibrasiekurwe van suiwer hanskoenpoeier. Stysel en proteïene kon in al die stofmonsters aangetoon word en het die teenwoordigheid van handskoenpoeier en moontlike luggedraagde lateks proteïene in die lugreëlingstelsel bevestig. Soos verwag kon word, het die hoogste stysel en proteïen waardes in hoë blootstellingsareas voorgekom. Hoogs beduidende statistiese korrelasies (p<0.01) tussen die stysel en proteïenvlakke kon aangedui word in alle monsters. "n Totaal van 500 vraelyste is gesirkuleer vir voltooiing deur TBH gesondheidswerkers, waarvan 69.8% voltooide vraelyste terugontvang is. Na evaluering van insluitingskriteria, is "n studiegroep van 152 individue saamgestel (28 mans, 124 vrouens). Almal het huidige lateks blootstelling en ten minste drie het vooraf gedefinieerde simptome gerapporteer. Serum is van die hele groep versamel en dermale vog van 31 proefpersone. Totale IgE en lateks-spesifieke IgE vlakke is op alle serum en dermale vog bepaal. Positiewe resultate (>0.35 IU/ℓ) is verkry in 23 serum en ses dermaIe vog monsters. Velpriktoets vir lateks is op 59 proefpersone uitgevoer en 34 daarvan het positiewe resultate opgelewer. Twaalf proefpersone met negatiewe lateks-spesifieke IgE en velpriktoets resultate het kutane plaktoetse ondergaan met die Europese Standaard Reeks, "n stukkie lateks handskoen en handskoenpoeier in petrolatum. Drie proefpersone het positiewe resultate teen een of meer van die allergene gehad. Westerse kladanalise vir lateks is op alle positiewe serum gedoen, asook die dermale vogte van hierdie proefpersone. Westerse kladanalise vir lateks blyk baie meer sensitief te wees as die capRAST, aangesien dit spesifieke bande kon identifiseer in monsters capRAST resultate. Alle monsters het "n band getoon vir Hev b 1, "n poeier-gebinde, luggedraade allergeen. Hev b 6.01 is geassosieer met gesondheidswerkers met velsimptome en hierdie band is gevind in 81% van die monsters. Hierdie resultate bevestig dat die belangrikste blootstelling aan lateks in gesondheidswerkers deur die vel en inaseming plaasvind. Proefpersone is in die volgende drie groepe verdeel volgens laboratorium resultate en statisties vergelyk: Groep A (positiewe serum, n=23), Groep B (positiewe velpriktoetse, n=34) en Groep C (negatief, n=25). Groep D (onttrek, n=70) kon nie vir betekenisvolle statistiese vergelykings aangewend word nie, as gevolg van onvolledige resultate. 'n Finale lateks allergie prevalensie van 38% is gevind. Groep A het hoogs beduidend verskil van Groep B en C vir die meeste van die kliniese en spesiale laboratoriumondersoeke. Groep A en B is gekombineer om alle proefpersone in te sluit met positiewe resultate (Kohort AB). Die Allergie Telling en Klas van Kohort AB was hoogs beduidend in vergelyking met Groep C. Die gekose simptome is bevestig as relevant en enige werksverwante verergering van simptome moet met 'n hoë mate van agterdog bejeën word in lateks allergie. Numeriese indekse en spesifieke simptome het hoë positiewe voorspellingswaardes gelewer en die Allergie Telling was hoogs beduidend in die positiewe subgroep in vergelyking met die negatiewe subgroep. Gepaarde statistiese beduidenheid is ook gevind tussen die Allergie Telling en beroepsblootstelling (jare van blootstelling, uur en paar handskoene per week). Die meeste beroepsblootstelling aan lateks in gesondheidswerkers vind plaas op die hande en gesig. Verskillende beroepe het ook verskillende blootstellingsvlakke en two subgroepe gesondheidswerkers (16 laboratorium tegnoloë en 13 teater personeel) is ondersoek vir die sebumgehalte op veskillende areas van die gesig en hande. Basislynvlakke is gemeet voordat handskoene aangetrek is en in 21 gevalle is opvolgvlakke gemeet na drie tot vier uur beroepsblootstelling, maar voor die hande gewas is. Basislyn en opvolgvlakke is met mekaar vergelyk vir al die anatomiese areas. Die voorkop en wange het 'n toename in sebumgehalte getoon, terwyl dié van die neus afgeneem het. AI die areas op die hande toon 'n hoogs beduidende afname tydens beroepsblootstelling, wat impliseer dat hanskoenpoeier moontlik bydra tot droogheid van die vel. In samevatting, die lateks allergie probleem sal nie oornag opgelos word nie en sal waarskynlik 'n belangrike beroepsrisiko bly vir die aansienlike toekoms. Totale vermyding van lateks is tans onmoontlik en daarom is dit van uiterste belang om voorsorgmaatreëls in plek te stel om verdere sensitisasie in blootgestelde individue te verhoed en die wat reeds geaffekteer is, effektief te hanteer.

Thesis (MTech (Biomedical Technology))--Cape Technikon, 2000.
Professionals in a healthcare setting use latex gloves on a daily basis, primarily to prevent transmission of microbial and viral organisms to and from patients and specimens. Repeated exposure to latex proteins (through direct skin contact or mucous membrane absorption) leads to the formation of circulating latex-specific antibodies and increases the risk of sensitisation. Among all known risk groups, healthcare workers have the highest risk to develop latex hypersensitivity. Early detection of antibodies or predisposing factors (e.g. atopy or impaired skin barrier function), could assist in the identification and management of risk groups and limit possible sensitisation. An experimental group with high occupational latex exposure is compared to a control group with low or no occupational latex exposure at Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town. A questionnaire was completed by all subjects to obtain a thorough history of past and present latex exposure and to identify other risk factors. A complete physical examination was done to evaluate clinical signs and symptoms of risk factors and latex hypersensitivity. Atopy was evaluated by means of the United Kingdom's Diagnostic Criteria for Atopy, personal and lor family history of atopy, haematogram and total serum IgE analyses. Latex-specific IgE antibodies were measured immunometrically. Skin prick tests were performed on subjects with negative in vitro results, but with predefined clinical symptoms suggestive of latex hypersensitivity. An

Запропоновано підходи до дизайн-проектування засобів захисту рук – рукавичок спеціальних для пожежників трьох рівнів захисту.
Approaches to the design of personal protective equipment for hands - gloves special for firefighters of three levels of protection are suggested.

Bakgrund: I litteraturen finns evidens att använda dubbla lager av operationshandskar vid all kirurgi för att förebygga smittspridning mellan patient och personal samt för att förebygga vårdrelaterade infektioner. Operationshandskar kan ha olika tjocklek och taktil känsla beroende på latex eller latexfritt material. Trots att evidens finns att använda dubbla lager operationshandskar förekommer variation i användandet. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att undersöka om operationssjuksköterskor och kirurger väljer enkla eller dubbla handskar vid operationer, samt hur de motiverar sitt val. Metod: Operationssjuksköterskor och kirurger från två operationsavdelningar i Mellansverige undersöktes i en tvärsnittsdesign med intervjustödda enkäter. Flera deltagare intervjuades flera gånger. Resultat: Totalt inkluderades 66 deltagare i studien och 137 intervjuer genomfördes. Nästan hälften av deltagarna motiverade sitt val av handskar med rutin eller vana. Vid samtliga ortopediska operationer användes dubbla handskar. Enkelt lager av handskar användes i högre grad då endast latexfria handskar fanns att tillgå, och den dominerande motiveringen var då att det var mer svårarbetat med dubbla handskar. Slutsats och klinisk betydelse: Användandet av enkla respektive dubbla handskar skiljer sig mellan verksamheterna och mellan yrkeskategorierna. Dubbla handskar användes av samtliga deltagare på den avdelning där skriftliga riktlinjer angående dubbla handskar fanns formulerade. Enkla handskar användes i högre grad då endast latexfria handskar fanns att tillgå. Resultatet i föreliggande studie indikerar att riktlinjer angående dubbla handskar, samt latexfria handskars sämre taktila förmåga kan ha betydelse för hur operationspersonal väljer operationshandskar.
Background: In the literature, there is evidence of the usage of double layered surgical gloves during all surgical procedures in order to prevent the spread of infection between the patient and medical personnel, as well as, to prevent clinical infections. Double layered surgical gloves can have different thickness and tactile feeling depending on latex or latex-free material. Aim: To investigate if operating room nurses and surgeons choose single or double gloving for operations, as well as, how they motivate their choices. Method: Operating room nurses and surgeons from two different operation departments in the middle of Sweden were examined in a cross-sectional design with interview-supported questionnaires. Some participants were interviewed several times. Results: In total, 66 participants were included in the study and 137 interviews were conducted. Almost half of the participants motivated their choice of gloves routinely or habitually. In all orthopedic operations, double gloves were used. Conclusion and clinical implications: The usage of single as opposed to double-gloving differs between departments and between different categories of profession. The majority of participants chose to use double gloves. Double gloves were more frequently used on the ward where written guidelines regarding double gloves were formulated. Single gloves were more commonly used in the pediatric surgery department, where only latex-free gloves were available for use. The result in the present study indicates that guidelines regarding double gloves can be significant for how operation personnel choose surgical gloves.

Background. Between 2012 and 2017 the plastic supply in Sweden increased by almost 400000 metric tons. In 2017, the hospitals in Sweden contributed to 4550 metric tons of plastic waste, disposable gloves counted for 2100 metric tons, which is 358 million disposable gloves. The majority made in other countries than Sweden, which is not only contributing to a considerable waste stream but also vulnerability when the system is dependent on continuous material supplies. Aim and Purpose. The research aim has been to understand the challenges and opportunities of needs relating to plastic waste flows from the health care sector. From the needs, choose an area to develop an innovative solution that changes the current waste flow into value for the health care sector in Sweden. Method. For this thesis, the researcher has used the Design Research Methodology and the MSPI innovation process. Design Research Methodology has been used to find and validate crucial information about the problem, by the usage of literature research and Unstructured interviews within the research area. MSPI was iteratively used with DRM to design the intended support as well as building the actual support. Results. The final prototype proves that circularity for plastic materials in hospitals is reachable. The Needfinding highlights the need for circularity, regarding both an effective use of the material and the health care’s readiness levels where access to Personal Protection Equipment (PPE) is crucial, especially in times of crisis. Conclusions. During the time of crisis, the COVID-19 pandemic, it has been clear that changes regarding preparedness and access to PPE needs improvement. Circularity is one way of achieving greater control of the material flow, which affects the hospital's level of independence. The development has proven one way of making the flow of disposable gloves circular by developing an inhouse recycling machine. This thesis work is just one angle of approach towards circularity and more efficient usage of material. To prove the concept in a hospital environment, future development is required.
Bakgrund. Mellan åren 2012 och 2017 har plastförsörjningen i Sverige ökat med nästan 400 000 ton. Under 2017 bidrog sjukhusen i Sverige till 4550 ton plastavfall varav engångshandskar bidrog med 2100 ton, vilket motsvarar 358 miljoner engångshandskar. Majoriteten är tillverkade i andra länder än Sverige, vilket inte bara bidrar till en stor avfallsström, utan också sårbarhet när systemet är beroende av kontinuerlig materialförsörjning. Syfte och Mål. Forskningens syfte har varit att förstå utmaningarna och möjligheterna med plastavfallsflöden från vårdsektorn. Från behoven väljs ett område för att utveckla en innovativ lösning som stöder cirkularitet inom hälso-sjukvården i Sverige. Metod. Denna avhandling har genomförts med hjälp av DRM- och MSPI-innovationsprocess. DRM, Design Research Methodology, har använts för att hitta och validera avgörande information kring problemet och har också gett akademisk trovärdighet. Detta har gjorts med litteraturforskning och ostrukturerade intervjuer inom forskningsområdet. MSPI har använts tillsammans med DRM på iterativt sätt för att utforma det avsedda stödet och bygga det faktiska stödet. Resultat. Projektets prototyp bevisar att cirkularitet för plastmaterial på sjukhus kan nås. Behovsundersökningen visar på behovet av cirkularitet, både när det gäller materiell effektivitet och beredskapsnivåer på sjukhus där tillgången till personlig skyddsutrustning är avgörande. Speciellt i kristider. Slutsatser. Under kristiden, covid-19-pandemin, har det varit tydligt att förändringar avseende beredskap och tillgång till personlig skyddsutrustning måste göras. Cirkularitet är ett sätt att uppnå större kontroll över materialflödet som påverkar sjukhusens självständighetsnivå. Projektet har visat ett sätt att göra flödet av engångshandskar cirkulärt genom att utveckla ett system för remanufacturing. Detta är bara en inställningsvinkel mot cirkularitet och en mer effektiv användning av material. För att bevisa konceptet i en riktig sjukhusmiljö krävs vidareutveckling.

Introduction: Asbestos has been employed in a myriad of industrial applications for more than a century. Of the 181 Mt of asbestos produced worldwide, over 31 Mt was consumed in the U.S. The production and consumption of this mineral eventually was found to cause asbestosis, lung cancer and mesothelioma. While the brunt of the human exposure to asbestos occurred in insulation work, many more workers in other jobs were expose to asbestos fibers. Very little is known about the potential exposure to asbestos in research labs. Goal: In order to investigate potential research lab work exposures, we simulated lab work with various asbestos-containing items commonly found in research laboratories: 6 wire gauze pads, 3 gloves, 3 beaker tongs, and 3 Transite boards. All samples were analyzed by Phase Contrast Microscopy and, when appropriate, by Transmission Electron Microscopy and Polarized Light Microscopy. Results: All tested items were confirmed by bulk sampling to have asbestos fibers in their composition. Exposures from the 7 wire gauze pads were significantly lower than the PEL and the excursion limit, the highest exposure concentration measuring 0.029 f/cc. For the 3 beaker tongs with asbestos sleeves, exposure was below the PEL for 2 of the 3, with one resulting in an exposure of 0.160 f/cc (8-h TWA = 0.01 f/cc). For the Transite boards had the highest exposures of all tested items, with a maximum concentration of 0.320 f/cc (8-h TWA = 0.02 f/cc). Conclusion: Asbestos exposure in our simulated research lab work was significantly lower than any of the historical exposures associated with asbestos-related disease including cancer.

This diploma thesis is focused on determination of thermal properties of gloves by means of thermal manikin. The background research with relation to this topic together with derivation of the computational equations used for the following measurement are presented in the first part. The most significant part of this work is suggestion of procedure for measuring the heat resistance of gloves with thermal manikin based on procedure from ČSN EN 511. This methodics was verificated with 5 pairs of gloves together with analysing the uncertainties and testing the repeatability of this measurement. This work also contains the outline for all of the measured pairs with posibilities of their usage in specific situations and surrounding air temperatures. At the end of this work is mentioned brief summary of achieved results.

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Mestrado Profissional em Enfermagem Assistencial
A infecção relacionada à assistência à saúde (IRAS) é considerada um problema de saúde pública em esfera mundial. Assim, torna-se preponderante a intervenção nos cuidados e prevenção destes agravos. Diante desta prerrogativa, o estudo tem como objeto: a precaução de contato a partir de uma tecnologia educacional (TE), visando o uso de luvas pelos profissionais de enfermagem. Objetivo geral: propor uma TE em forma de mídia audiovisual visando à adequação e/ou adesão dos profissionais de enfermagem às medidas de precaução de contato, foco em luvas. Objetivos específicos: identificar os fatores que interferem na adesão e/ou adequação às medidas de precaução de contato na utilização das luvas de procedimentos e estéreis pela equipe de enfermagem; elaborar uma TE visando adesão e adequação dos profissionais de enfermagem às medidas de precaução de contato, foco em luvas, a partir das falas dos profissionais; validar uma TE em forma de mídia audiovisual, visando adequação e adesão às medidas de precaução de contato com foco nas luvas. Metodologia: pesquisa de abordagem quantiqualitativa do tipo metodológica. O cenário da pesquisa foi o Hospital Universitário Antônio Pedro da Universidade Federal Fluminense. Os participantes foram 66 profissionais distribuídos em quatro etapas do estudo. Para elaboração e validação da TE, a coleta de dados ocorreu nas quatro etapas. A 1ª etapa: realizaram-se entrevistas e a análise temática segundo Bardin. Critérios de inclusão: profissionais de enfermagem da clínica cirúrgica, diaristas ou plantonistas, estatutários ou contratados, em exercício. Critérios de exclusão: profissionais em férias e/ou licenças médicas; 2ª etapa: elaboração da TE a partir das categorias que emergiram da primeira etapa; 3ª etapa: validação de TE. Nesta etapa foram utilizados instrumentos de validação, escala Likert, respondidos por juízes especialistas e público alvo. Os itens do instrumento analisados receberam diferentes valorações em cada bloco, sendo considerados válidos os itens que obtiveram concordância maior ou igual a 70% pelos avaliadores desta etapa; 4ª etapa: adequação da TE a partir da avaliação dos profissionais. Resultados: a partir da fala dos profissionais emergiram três categorias, a saber: Conhecimento geral acerca do uso de luvas; A utilização das luvas na prática de enfermagem e suas implicações; Avaliação do material das luvas. A partir destas categorias, foi elaborada uma TE em forma de mídia audiovisual, cuja validação dos resultados atingiu índice de concordância superior a 80%. Conclui-se que a elaboração e aplicação de TE voltadas para o ensino e aprendizagem do profissional são primordiais para a segurança do paciente, do profissional e do ambiente, minimizando os riscos de infecções cruzadas
The Infection related to health care (IRAS) is considered a public health problem in the whole world. Thus, a major intervention in the care and prevention of these diseases is of utmost importance. In the view of this prerogative, the current object of this study is: the contact precautions as an educational technology (ET), to the use of gloves by nursing professionals. Overall objective: to propose an ET in audiovisual media format in order to improve adhesion/adjustments of nursing professionals to contact precautions, focusing in the use of gloves. Specific objectives: to identify the factors that influence in adherence and/or adequacy for contact precautions with the use of procedure and sterile gloves by nursing staff; to develop an ET aiming at adherence and adequacy of nursing professionals to contact precautions, focusing in the use of gloves, from the speeches of professionals; to validate an ET in audiovisual media format, aiming to adequacy and adherence to contact precautions focused in the use of gloves. Methodology: Research with quantiqualitative approach of methodological type. The research scenario was the Antônio Pedro University Hospital, Fluminense Federal University. Participants were 66 professionals divided into four stages of the study. For development and validation of ET, data collection occurred in all the four stages. 1st stage: interviews and Bardin’s thematic analysis were conducted. Inclusion criteria: nurses of surgical clinic department, resident or day labor, statutory- or private-contracted, and currently active. Exclusion criteria: professionals on vacation and / or in sick leave; 2nd stage: preparation of the ET based the categories that emerged from the first stage; 3rd stage: ET validation. At this stage the Likert scale and validation instruments were used, answered by expert judges and target audience. The instrument items analyzed received different valuations in each block, being considered as valid the items with agreement levels greater than or equal to 70% by the evaluators of this stage; 4th stage: adequacy of ET by the evaluation of professionals. Results: from the speech of professionals emerged three categories, namely: General knowledge about the use of gloves; the use of gloves in nursing practice and its implications; analysis of the glove material. From these categories, an ET was prepared in audiovisual media format, and the validation of its results reached an agreement index higher than 80%. It is concluded that the development and application of an ET facing professional education and learning are essential for the safety of patients, professionals and the environment, minimizing the risk of cross-infection

Bakgrund: Vid operativa ingrepp finns en risk för överföring av smitta mellan personal och patienter. Lokala riktlinjer ska reglera användningen av personlig skyddsutrustning. Huvudskydd används för att hindra hår och partiklar att falla ner på sterilt område. Ögonskydd skyddar personalens ögonslemhinna mot stänk av kroppsvätskor och användandet av dubbla handskar minskar risk för blodsmitta vid stick- och skärskador. Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka preoperativa val av och motivering till val av huvudskydd, ögonskydd och handskar hos operatörer och operationssjuksköterskor.  Metod: I en empirisk, deskriptiv studie med tvärsnittsdesign undersöktes val av och motivering till val av huvudskydd, ögonskydd och handskar. Operationssjuksköterskor och operatörer observerades och tillfrågades med stöd av ett strukturerat frågeformulär. Resultat: På två operationsavdelningar i Stockholms län utfördes 240 observationer. Hjälmmössa valdes vid samtliga observationer inom ortopedi och vid mindre än hälften av övriga tillfällen. Ögonskydd valdes i mycket liten utsträckning av operatörer med motiveringen att de var obekväma. Operationssjuksköterskor valde att använda ögonskydd vid mer än hälften av observationerna med säkerhet som motivering. Dubbla handskar valdes vid 232 av 240 tillfällen. Slutsats: Mössa valdes för att den var bekväm och hjälm för att den rekommenderades. Ögonskydd valdes sällan. Förekomsten av att välja att använda dubbla handskar var god. Klinisk betydelse: Denna studie visar behov av information och utbildning om risken för smittoöverföring under operation. Fler och mer utförliga lokala riktlinjer för personlig skyddsutrustning skulle kunna öka användningen av hjälm och ögonskydd.
Background: Local guidelines are supposed to regulate the use of personal protective equipment to reduce the risk of transmission of infection between patients and staff during surgery. Headwear prevents hair and debris from falling down on the sterile field. Eyewear protects the eye mucosa from splashes of body fluids and the use of double gloving reduces the risk of blood contamination from sharps injuries. Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the preoperative choices and motives of headwear, protective eyewear and gloves for surgeons and surgical nurses. Method: This is an empirical, descriptive study with cross-sectional design, examining the choices and motives of headwear, protective eyewear and gloves. Surgical nurses and surgeons were observed and questioned using structured questionnaires’. Results: A total of 240 observations were conducted in two surgical wards in the province of Stockholm. The staff chose to wear surgical helmets in all orthopedic surgeries and in less than half of the other surgical procedures. Surgeons did not choose to were protective eyewear, claiming they were uncomfortable. In more than half of the observations surgical nurses wore protective eyewear motivated by security reasons. Double gloving occurred in 232 occasions out of 240. Conclusion: Surgical helmets were chosen due to recommendations. Other types of headwear were chosen because they were comfortable. Eye protection was rarely chosen. The occurrence of double gloving was good. Clinical significance: This study demonstrates the need for information and education regarding the risk of transmission of infection during surgery. More and detailed local guidelines for personal protective equipment could increase the use of helmets and eye protection.

Centrum för Teknik i Medicin och Hälsa deltar i ett projekt som heter Innovation mot Infektion som arbetar med att hitta nya lösningar för att minska vårdrelaterade infektioner (VRI). Omkring tio procent av inlagda patienter drabbas av VRI i Sverige. Studier hävdar att bristfällig handhygien är en av de vanligaste orsakerna till smittspridning. Hur väl produkterna på sjukhus fungerar för vårdpersonalen påverkar hur väl handhygienen sköts. Genom att utvärdera de produkter som används idag kan det underlätta för vårdpersonalen att hålla en god handhygien. Med en analys om vilka produkter som finns på marknaden och om vad forskningen fokuserar på kan värdefull information fås inför upphandlingar. Det kan leda till minskad smittspridning i vårdlokaler. Examensarbetet utförde en användaranalys, på Hematologiskt Centrum i Huddinge tillhörande Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, där produkter för vårdpersonalens handhygien undersöktes. Där uppmärksammades det att undersökningshandskar är ett problem. Därför uppdaterades en kravspecifikation för undersökningshandskar samt för dess förpackningar och väggmonterade ställning. Dessutom togs en användarguide för undersökningshandskar fram med syftet att fungera som ett förtydligande komplement till Karolinska Universitetssjukhusets material. En marknadsundersökning av produkter som främjar god handhygien utfördes samt en kartläggning av vilka trender och områden som kommer komma i framtiden på marknaden. Detta gjordes med syftet att validera produkternas effektivitet för att se om det finns eller kommer utvecklas bättre produkter än de som Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset redan använder eller känner till. En produktutveckling applicerades med syftet att minska kontamineringen av förpackningen och dess undersökningshandskar samt för att minska resursslöseri som uppstår när undersökningshandskar tas ur dess förpackning. Detta resulterade i en virtuell produkt av en väggmonterad ställning för förpackningarna som möjliggör att ta undersökningshandskar styckvis och som kan minska smittspridningen via undersökningshandskar. Sökord: handhygien, sjukhus, användaranalys, produkter, undersökningshandskar, produktutveckling
Centrum for Technology in Medicine and Health work in a project called Innovation against Infections whose task is to find new solutions to decrease healthcare associated infections (HAI). About ten per cent of the hospitalized patients in Sweden are affected by HAI. Studies claim that inadequate hand hygiene is one of the most common causes to contamination. How well the products at hospitals work for the healthcare staff affects their compliance of hand hygiene. By evaluating their products that they are using today can make it easier for the staff to uphold good hand hygiene. To analyse which products that are on the market and to analyse what research is focusing on, valuable information to procurements can be achieved. That can lead to decreased contamination in healthcare facilities. The thesis implemented a user analysis, at the Hematology Center in Huddinge associated to Karolinska University Hospital, where products for hand hygiene used by healthcare personnel were investigated. The result showed that examination gloves are a problem. Therefore, an update of the requirement specifications was made for examination gloves, and for its packaging and wall-mounted box holder. Moreover, a user guide for examination gloves was produced with the aim to serve as a clarification complement to other information by the Karolinska University Hospital. A market research of products that promote good hand hygiene was performed. The project also conducted a mapping of the trends and areas that will come in the future. The purpose was to validate the effectiveness of these products to see if there is or will come more suitable products than the ones Karolinska University Hospital is using today or is aware of. A product development was applied with the intention to solve the contamination of the packaging and the including examination gloves and decrease the waste of resources that occurs when examination gloves are extracted out of its box. The result was a virtual product of a wallmounted box holder that enables the examination gloves to be extracted individually and that can reduce the contamination when using examination gloves. Keyword: hand hygiene, hospital, user analysis, products, examination gloves, product development

Being an essential part of individual’s life and organization’s normal functioning, communication plays an integral part of development. Without communication growth of a person is hampered. But everyone is not gifted with the ability to hear and speak. They use sign language to communicate. It is difficult for most of the people who are not familiar with this sign language to communicate without an interpreter. Thus, a system that transcribes symbols in sign languages into plain text can help with real-time communication .Talking gloves is an human interface device which converts mechanism of hand sign language into alphanumerical characters. It is a product in concurrence with assistive engineering to help dumb people of society and improve communication capabilities.

碩士
輔仁大學
公共衛生學系碩士班
101
The permeation of the chemicals through chemical protective gloves are affected by the chemicals’ physical and chemical characteristics, such as molecular size (molar volume, MV), polarity (logKow) and etc. In this study, the molar volume (MV) and logKow of chemicals were selected as the independent parameters to predict the permeation behaviors of different protective gloves. Permeation parameters, (breakthrough time, BT and permeation rate, PR) were obtained from the manufactures – Ansell, North and Medical Exam Glove. SPSS was utilized to perform the regression analysis between the chemical physical and chemical parameters and the permeation parameters. The results indicated that MV and logKow were the significant factors in predicting the permeation behaviors of different gloves by different manufactures. Significant correlation was found between BT and logKow, the regression result of non-polar compounds (logKow > 0) was BT = 19.718 + 70.637logKow (r2 = 0.374, p = 0.001) for Ansell Neoprene/Natural Rubber Blend gloves. For North Viton gloves, the regression result was BT = 4.032 + 1.419logKow (r2 = 0.190, p = 0.002). BTs of North Nitrile gloves were significantly associated with MVs for non-polar chemicals with a linear relationship, BT = -0.779 + 1.285MV (r2 = 0.198, p = 0.014). All these suggest that a hydrophobic chemical or a chemical with big molecule tends to break through the glove material slowly.

The most common surgical gloves used at the Royal Hobart Hospital are 'Individually Tested' (IT) gloves, in which each glove is tested for leaks by the manufacturer prior to sterilization and packaging. A cheaper brand of glove is available in which sample gloves from manufactured batches are tested for leaks (BT), but not each glove. The latter gloves were widely rejected by surgeons on the theoretical ground that there would be more perforations, and consequently more wound infection and greater exposure of staff to patient pathogens. However no objective study had been done to test this conjecture. The aims of this study were to compare the integrity of the two brands of gloves by mechanical and microbiological methods, and to compare the incidence of postoperative wound infection following the use of either brand. 110 unused gloves of each brand were tested for leaks. 318 IT and 278 BT gloves were then tested after clean surgery, for mechanical leaks. Scrub-team member's gloves and hands were cultured post-surgery. Wound infection rates were compared. The pre-use perforation rate was not significantly different. The macroperforation rate for if gloves was slightly but statistically significantly higher than for BT gloves, and no bias in types of operations or in staff members could be uncovered to account for this. Growth of normal skin flora was found on virtually every wearer's hands after removal of gloves, suggesting a failure of current scrub techniques or solutions to eliminate skin flora. Furthermore these bacteria were commonly cultured from the outside of the gloves at the conclusion of surgery, indicating development of microporosity of the glove-latex during surgery. There was a statistically significant difference in the glove outer-surface bacterial detection rates between the brands (BT>IT) indicating a difference in latex properties between brands. It is suggested that a standardized form of this test could be developed as a quality measure of surgical gloves. A final finding was the absence of translation of macroperforation rates or bacterial culture rates into morbidity as measured by wound infection. It could be concluded that for this type of surgery, the detected glove differences are irrelevant with regard to patient morbidity. However caution is suggested in extending these findings to situations of known patient infectivity (eg. HIV or viral hepatitis) or to cases where Am contamination could be a serious problem (eg. joint surgery or neurosurgery). The data adds weight to the strategy of double gloving.

碩士
輔仁大學
公共衛生學系碩士班
99
Background: Phthalate esters (PAEs) are used in commercial plastic products as plasticizers to improve its stretchability. Reproductive effect and developmental effect of phthalate were reported in peers’ studies. The widespread uses of PAEs result in multiple routes of human exposures, such as ingestion, inhalation, skin absorption or medical contact. The aims of the study were to quantify the extractable masses of six phthalates, dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), benzyl butyl phthalat (BBP), dibutyl phtalate (DBP), di-iso-butyl phthalate (DIBP), and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) in different disposable glove materials and the leached out amounts if the glove materials contacted disinfectants. Method: The disposable gloves, polyvinylchloride gloves (PVC), disposable natural rubber latex gloves (NRL), disposable polyethylene gloves (PE), nitrile medical examination gloves, were investigated. The round shape glove sample with a diameter of 25.4 mm was immersed into 10 mL n-hexane and ultrasoniced at 60C for 3 hours. The removed extracted solutions was concentrated to 0.2 mL under a nitrogen stream and the amount of 0.8 mL acetonitrile was added into the concentrated solution for HPLC analyses. The leaching test was performed by immersing the glove sample into 5-mL disinfectant (75% ethanol aqueous solution, 2.5% glutaraldehyde aqueous solution, or 1,000 ppm NaDCC aqueous solution) at 25C, the room temperature. The immersion solution was transferred to a flask and replenished another fresh 5-mL disinfectant solution every 30 min. This procedure was repeated for 120 min. The removed 5-mL disinfectant solutions were extracted followed the liquid-liquid phase extraction procedure as mentioned previously. Each experiment condition was proceeded triplicate. All samples were analyzed by HPLC-UV with the gradient elution system (acetonitrile/water) and UV detection wavelength 225 nm. Results: The HPLC-UV linear dynamic range was 2–20 ng/μL for DMP, DEP, BBP, DBP, DIBP, and DEHP with a coefficient of determination (R2) greater than 0.995. The n-hexane at 60C resulted in the best recovery rates and highest amounts of phthalates. The recovery rates (%) were 89.33±2.11 for DMP, 61.75±1.48 for DEP, 95.52±2.32 for BBP, 92.16±1.74 for DBP, 93.15±0.99 for DIBP, and 97.05±4.28 for DEHP. DEHP was extracted in PVC, PE, and nitrile gloves at concentrations of 100.24–114.53 (mg/g PVC glove), 0.87–1.11 (mg/g PE glove) and ND–4.64×10-3 (mg/g NRL glove), respectively. Six phthalate were detected in NRL glove in a range from 0.79×10-3 to 2.91×10-3 (mg/g NRL glove). DEHP in PVC, NRL and nitrile gloves were able to be leached by 75% ethanol aqueous solution. The dissolved masses were 2.45±0.09 μg for PVC glove, 0.028±0.002 μg for NRL glove and 0.061±0.005 μg for Nitrile glove at 30 min. Conclusions: The result demonstrated gloves did contain the investigated phthalates. More attention should be paid to the medical care personnel to avoid exposure of phthalates through the glove materials.

碩士
吳鳳科技大學
光機電暨材料研究所
104
Abstract This paper focuses on the design of a new type of drawing mechanism for plastic bags during automatic manufacturing. A new type of drawing mechanism for plastic bags is designed in order to improve the drawbacks of hand-made process during tearing apart the plastic bags from the mold. According to the mechanism design theory and automatic technique, a drawing mechanism with four bar linkage is developed. The main part of the drawing mechanism is the clip which will pick up the plastic bags from the mold and draw the bags to the other side and then drop the bags to the collecting plate. The clip is fixed on the connecting rod of the four-bar linkage, and the clip path can be traced by the position analysis of the four bar linkage.