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Journal articles on the topic 'GLRA2'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 25 May 2024

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Kumar, Priyadarsini, and Stanley Meizel. "Identification and spatial distribution of glycine receptor subunits in human sperm." REPRODUCTION 136, no. 4 (2008): 387–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/rep-08-0223.

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The human sperm surface glycine receptor (GLR) plays a role in an important fertilization event, the sperm acrosome reaction. Here, by western blot analysis, we report the presence of GLRA1, GLRA2, GLRA3, and GLRB subunits in human sperm. Immunolocalization studies showed that the GLRA1 and GLRA2 subunits are present in the equatorial region, the GLRA3 subunit in the flagellar principal piece, and the GLRB subunit in the acrosomal region of sperm. This first demonstration of isoforms of the sperm GLRA subunit and of a differential spatial distribution of the α and β subunits on the surface of

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2

Tuệ, Nguyễn Trọng, та Ngô Thị Huyền Linh. "Vai trò của GLRA2 trong mối liên quan đến hội chứng rối loạn phổ tự kỷ trên mô hình ruồi giấm". Tạp chí Nghiên cứu Y học 189, № 4 (2025): 100–109. https://doi.org/10.52852/tcncyh.v189i4.3350.

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Hội chứng rối loạn phổ tự kỷ (ASD - Autism Spectrum Disoder) là một tình trạng rối loạn hành vi nghiêm trọng. Bệnh đặc trưng bởi các rối loạn thần kinh bao gồm việc khó khăn trong giao tiếp, tương tác xã hội, phát triển ngôn ngữ, hành vi lặp đi lặp lại. Một số bằng chứng gần đây cho thấy gen GLRA2 có mối liên quan tới hội chứng ASD. Trong nghiên cứu này, chúng tôi sử dụng hệ thống GAL4/UAS làm giảm biểu hiện gen GLRA2 trên mô não và đánh giá mức độ ảnh hưởng của protein này lên khả năng tương tác xã hội, vận động và nhịp thức ngủ của ruồi giấm. Kết quả cho thấy khả năng vận động của ruồi giảm

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3

Nachman, Michael W. "Patterns of DNA Variability at X-Linked Loci in Mus domesticus." Genetics 147, no. 3 (1997): 1303–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/147.3.1303.

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Introns of four X-linked genes (Hprt, Plp, Glra2, and Amg) were sequenced to provide an estimate of nucleotide diversity at nuclear genes within the house mouse and to test the neutral prediction that the ratio of intraspecific polymorphism to interspecific divergence is the same for different loci. Hprt and Plp lie in a region of the X chromosome that experiences relatively low recombination rates, while Glra2 and Amg lie near the telomere of the X chromosome, a region that experiences higher recombination rates. A total of 6022 bases were sequenced in each of 10 Mus domesticus and one M. car

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4

Young-Pearse, T. L., L. Ivic, A. R. Kriegstein, and C. L. Cepko. "Characterization of Mice with Targeted Deletion of Glycine Receptor Alpha 2." Molecular and Cellular Biology 26, no. 15 (2006): 5728–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.00237-06.

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ABSTRACT Glycine receptors are ligand-gated chloride channels that mediate inhibitory neurotransmission in the adult nervous system. During development, glycine receptor alpha 2 (GlyRα2) is expressed in the retina, in the spinal cord, and throughout the brain. Within the cortex, GlyRα2 is expressed in immature cells and these receptors have been shown to be active and excitatory. In the developing retina, inhibition of glycine receptor activity prevents proper rod photoreceptor development. These data suggest that GlyRα2, the developmentally expressed glycine receptor, may play an important ro

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5

MAJUMDAR, SRIPARNA, LIANE HEINZE, SILKE HAVERKAMP, ELENA IVANOVA, and HEINZ WÄSSLE. "Glycine receptors of A-type ganglion cells of the mouse retina." Visual Neuroscience 24, no. 4 (2007): 471–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952523807070174.

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A-type ganglion cells of the mouse retina represent the visual channel that transfers temporal changes of the outside world very fast and with high fidelity. In this study we combined anatomical and physiological methods in order to study the glycinergic, inhibitory input of A-type ganglion cells. Immunocytochemical studies were performed in a transgenic mouse line whose ganglion cells express green fluorescent protein (GFP). The cells were double labeled for GFP and the four α subunits of the glycine receptor (GlyR). It was found that most of the glycinergic input of A-type cells is through f

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6

Schaefermeier, Philipp, and Sarah Heinze. "Hippocampal Characteristics and Invariant Sequence Elements Distribution of GLRA2 and GLRA3 C-to-U Editing." Molecular Syndromology 8, no. 2 (2016): 85–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000453300.

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7

Li, Xiaoxia, Siyu Wang, Yuhan Wang, et al. "Clinical and Molecular Landscape of GLRA2 in X-Linked Early-Onset High Myopia." Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science 66, no. 4 (2025): 30. https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.66.4.30.

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8

McCracken, Lindsay M., Daniel C. Lowes, Michael C. Salling та ін. "Glycine receptor α3 and α2 subunits mediate tonic and exogenous agonist-induced currents in forebrain". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, № 34 (2017): E7179—E7186. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1703839114.

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Neuronal inhibition can occur via synaptic mechanisms or through tonic activation of extrasynaptic receptors. In spinal cord, glycine mediates synaptic inhibition through the activation of heteromeric glycine receptors (GlyRs) composed primarily of α1 and β subunits. Inhibitory GlyRs are also found throughout the brain, where GlyR α2 and α3 subunit expression exceeds that of α1, particularly in forebrain structures, and coassembly of these α subunits with the β subunit appears to occur to a lesser extent than in spinal cord. Here, we analyzed GlyR currents in several regions of the adolescent

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9

Alitalo, Tiina, Fiona Francis, Juha Kere, Hans Lehrach, David Schlessinger, and Huntington F. Willard. "A 6-Mb YAC contig in Xp22.1–p22.2 spanning the DXS69E, XE59, GLRA2, PIGA, GRPR, CALB3, and PHKA2 genes." Genomics 25, no. 3 (1995): 691–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0888-7543(95)80012-b.

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10

Feng, Jinong, Nick Craddock, Ian R. Jones та ін. "Systematic screening for mutations in the glycine receptor α2 subunit gene (GLRA2) in patients with schizophrenia and other psychiatric diseases". Psychiatric Genetics 11, № 1 (2001): 45–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00041444-200103000-00009.

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11

Kotlyar, V. K., and O. L. Seget. "Health improvement of grape plants Krasnostop AZOS from the grapevine leafroll-associated viruses -1, -2 and -3 by the method of thermotherapy." Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia 4, no. 88 (2024): 51–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.30679/2219-5335-2024-4-88-51-61.

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Abstract. The grapevine leafroll-associated virus is one of the most harmful and economically significant. It is known from scientific literature sources that in the vineyards of the Krasnodar region this virus is spread over an area of 50 %. The problem of increasing the phytosanitary stability of grape plantations necessitates the constant improvement of protection systems, in which methods of improving planting material are of great importance. To date, there are several methods for inactivating viral particles and freeing individual plant organs from viral infection – in vitro, thermo- and

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Yakimov, Alexey M., Elena E. Timechko, Irina G. Areshkina, et al. "MicroRNAs as Biomarkers of Surgical Outcome in Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy: A Systematic Review." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 6 (2023): 5694. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24065694.

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Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy is the most common type of epilepsy. For most patients suffering from TLE, the only treatment option is surgery. However, there is a high possibility of relapse. Invasive EEG as a method for predicting the outcome of surgical treatment is a very complex and invasive manipulation, so the search for outcome biomarkers is an urgent task. MicroRNAs as potential biomarkers of surgical outcome are the subject of this study. For this study, a systematic search for publications in databases such as PubMed, Springer, Web of Science, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and MDPI was carr

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13

Liu, M. H., M. J. Li, H. H. Qi, et al. "Occurrence of Grapevine Leafroll-Associated Viruses in China." Plant Disease 97, no. 10 (2013): 1339–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-01-13-0048-re.

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To characterize the prevalence of viruses associated with grapevine leafroll disease in China, 249 grapevine (Vitis spp.) samples (86 popular cultivars and a rootstock) from 19 provinces and regions were collected and tested for Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 1 (GLRaV-1), GLRaV-2, GLRaV-3, GLRaV-4, and GLRaV-4 strain 5 by SYBR Green real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and RT-PCR and sequencing. GLRaV-3 was found in 100% of the samples while GLRaV-1, GLRaV-2, and GLRaV-4 were detected in 24.9% (62/249), 15.3% (38/249), and 0.80% (2/249) of the samples, respe

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14

Velasco, Leonardo, Josefina Bota, Rafael Montero, and Enrico Cretazzo. "Differences of Three Ampeloviruses' Multiplication in Plant May Explain Their Incidences in Vineyards." Plant Disease 98, no. 3 (2014): 395–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-04-13-0433-re.

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Grapevine leafroll ampeloviruses have been recently grouped into two major clades, one for Grapevine leafroll associated virus (GLRaV) 1 and 3 and another one grouping GLRaV-4 and its variants. In order to understand biological factors mediating differential ampelovirus incidences in vineyards, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reactions were performed to assess virus populations in three grapevine varieties in which different infection status were detected: GLRaV-3 + GLRaV-4, GLRaV-3 + GLRaV-4 strain 5, and GLRaV-4 alone. Specific primers based on the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp)

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15

Kuniyuki, Hugo, Jorge Albeto Marques Rezende, José Osmar Gaspar, and Valdir Atsushi Yuki. "Detecção do Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 5 no Estado de São Paulo." Summa Phytopathologica 34, no. 4 (2008): 366–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-54052008000400014.

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O enrolamento da folha da videira ("grapevine leafroll") é uma doença atribuída a pelo menos nove vírus sorologicamente distintos, Grapevine leafroll-associated viruses 1 a 9 e designados GLRaV-1 a GLRaV-9. No Brasil, já é conhecida a existência do GLRaV-1, GLRaV-2, GLRaV-3 e GLRaV-6. Neste trabalho, foi demonstrada a ocorrência do GLRaV-5 em amostras de videiras cultivadas no Estado de São Paulo, mediante teste de Biotina-ELISA. O vírus foi detectado com baixa incidência nas cultivares avaliadas, exceto na 'Cardinal', que apresentou 100% de infecção. Este é o primeiro relato da ocorrência do

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16

Reynard, Jean-Sébastien, Pierre H. H. Schneeberger, Jürg Ernst Frey, and Santiago Schaerer. "Biological, Serological, and Molecular Characterization of a Highly Divergent Strain of Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 4 Causing Grapevine Leafroll Disease." Phytopathology® 105, no. 9 (2015): 1262–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-12-14-0386-r.

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The complete genome sequence of a highly divergent strain of Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 4 (GLRaV-4) was determined using 454 pyrosequencing technology. This virus, designated GLRaV-4 Ob, was detected in Vitis vinifera ‘Otcha bala’ from our grapevine virus collection at Agroscope. The GLRaV-4 Ob genome length and organization share similarities with members of subgroup II in the genus Ampelovirus (family Closteroviridae). Otcha bala was graft-inoculated onto indicator plants of cultivar Gamay to evaluate the biological properties of this new strain, and typical leafroll symptoms were i

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17

Fuchs, M., T. E. Martinson, G. M. Loeb, and H. C. Hoch. "Survey for the Three Major Leafroll Disease-Associated Viruses in Finger Lakes Vineyards in New York." Plant Disease 93, no. 4 (2009): 395–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-93-4-0395.

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Vineyards in the Finger Lakes region in New York were surveyed for the three major viruses associated with leafroll disease, i.e., Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 1 (GLRaV-1), Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 2 (GLRaV-2), and Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 (GLRaV-3). Target viruses were detected in nearly two-thirds (68%, 65 of 95) of the vineyard blocks surveyed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Single infections by GLRaV-1, GLRaV-2, and GLRaV-3 occurred in 10% (113 of 1,124), 3% (36 of 1,124), and 15% (173 of 1,124) of the samples tested, respectively, whereas mixed infecti

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18

Rowhani, Adib, Jerry K. Uyemoto, and Deborah A. Golino. "A Comparison Between Serological and Biological Assays in Detecting Grapevine Leafroll Associated Viruses." Plant Disease 81, no. 7 (1997): 799–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.1997.81.7.799.

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The efficacy of the serological procedure enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detecting grapevine leafroll associated viruses (GLRaV types -1, -2, -3, and -4) was compared with indexing on Vitis vinifera L. cv. Cabernet Franc. Results of the biological assays confirmed the infectious nature of all grapevine sources testing positive by ELISA for GLRaV-1 (9 sources), GLRaV-2 (14 sources), and GLRaV-4 (14 sources), and the noninfectious nature of ELISA-negative grapevines (75 sources). However, among 57 sources testing positive by ELISA for GLRaV-3, or 24 sources with multiple infection

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19

Türkmen, Yağmur, and Filiz Ertunç. "Determination of Grapevine Leafroll Diseases Infection in Turkey." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 7, no. 11 (2019): 1947. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v7i11.1947-1953.2913.

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During the growing seasons between 2009 and 2010, totally 213 shoot and leaf samples were collected from the vineyards in Manisa, Denizli, Nevşehir, Elazığ, İzmir, Ankara, Çanakkale, Tekirdağ, Edirne and Kırklareli, which are commercially important viticulture production areas of Turkey. All grapevine samples were serologically investigated for the presence of Grapevine leafroll-associated viruses (GLRaVs) using GLRaV-1, GLRaV-2, GLRaV-3, GLRaV 4-9, GLRaV-6 and GLRaV-7 DAS-ELISA kits. In 143 of total, (67.14%) single or multiple infections were detected. GLRaV4-9, -7, -3, -1, -2 and -6 were de

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Caruso, Andrea Giovanni, Sofia Bertacca, Arianna Ragona, Slavica Matić, Salvatore Davino, and Stefano Panno. "Epidemiological Survey of Grapevine Leafroll-Associated Virus 1 and 3 in Sicily (Italy): Genetic Structure and Molecular Variability." Agriculture 12, no. 5 (2022): 647. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12050647.

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Background: the most widely distributed and virulent Grapevine leafroll-associated viruses (GLRaV) that affect grapevine are GLRaV-1 and GLRaV-3, transmitted semi-persistently by different mealybugs and soft scales, mainly causing downward rolling of the leaf margins and interveinal reddening. Methods: the main objectives of this study were to investigate the genetic structure and molecular diversity of GLRaV-1 and GLRaV-3 in 617 samples from 11 autochthonous Sicilian grapevine cultivars, ascertaining their presence and spread. The detection was implemented by serological and molecular analyse

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21

Akbaş, B., B. Kunter, and D. Ilhan. "Influence of leafroll on local grapevine cultivars in agroecological conditions of Central Anatolia region." Horticultural Science 36, No. 3 (2009): 97–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/27/2008-hortsci.

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Leafroll is one of the most important virus diseases of vineyards of Central Anatolia region. Grapevine leafroll associated viruses GLRaV-1 and GLRaV-3 are the most frequently encountered viruses related with leafroll disease of grapes. The effect of leafroll disease on yield and fruit quality was studied. The disease caused in the average 31.22% decrease of berry weights and 28.72% reduction in total soluble solids, while titratable acidity was increased by 24.39%. The reaction of local cultivars to mixed infections of GLRaV-1 and GLRaV-3 was evaluated and Parmak, Kara dirmit, Kara gevrek and

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Štrukelj, Melita, Jaka RAZINGER, Barbara GRUBAR, et al. "Fiziološki odziv žlahtne vinske trte Vitis vinifera L. na okužbo z zvijanjem listov vinske trte povezanih virusov (GLRaV-1 in GLRaV-1 + GLRaV-3)." Acta agriculturae Slovenica 107, no. 2 (2016): 519. http://dx.doi.org/10.14720/aas.2016.107.2.22.

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Grapevine leafroll disease is one of the most severe viral diseases of grapevine caused by Grapevine leafroll-associated viruses (GLRaVs). Physiological processes were monitored on grapevines with single (GLRaV-1) and mixed (GLRaV-1 and GLRaV -3) viral infection under greenhouse conditions from June to September, in vegetation period 2014. In the mid of the season (July) negative effects of the virus infections on physiological processes were more severe in mixed than in single infection. The net-photosynthesis (Pn) of the leaves infected with GLRaV-1 and GLRaV-3 reached only a half of the Pn

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23

Good, Xin, and Judit Monis. "Partial Genome Organization, Identification of the Coat Protein Gene, and Detection of Grapevine leafroll-associated virus-5." Phytopathology® 91, no. 3 (2001): 274–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.2001.91.3.274.

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The genome of Grapevine leafroll-associated virus-5 (GLRaV-5) was cloned, and the sequence of 4766 nt was determined. Degenerate oligonucleotide primers designed from the conserved closterovirus heat shock 70 protein (HSP 70) homologue were used to obtain viral-specific sequences to anchor the cloning of the viral RNA with a genomic walking approach. The partial nucleotide (nt) sequence of GLRaV-5 showed the presence of four open reading frames (ORF A through D), potentially coding for the HSP 70 homologue (ORF A); a 51-kDa protein of unknown function with similarity to GLRaV-3 p55 (ORF B); th

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Mahfoudhi, N., N. Habili, S. A. Masri, and M. H. Dhouibi. "First Report on the Occurrence of Grapevine leafroll-associated viruses 5 and 9 in Tunisian Grapevines." Plant Disease 91, no. 10 (2007): 1359. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-91-10-1359a.

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Grapevine leafroll disease is one of the most important diseases that occurs in cultivated grapevines in the world. So far, nine serologically distinct viruses of the family Closteroviridae have been isolated from diseased vines (3). A previous study (4) has shown that Grapevine leafroll-associated viruses (GLRaV) -1, -2, and -3 are present in Tunisian grapevines and GLRaV-3 is the predominant virus associated with leafroll disease. A survey was conducted in table grapes to identify other viruses associated with this disease. Samples of dormant canes were collected and screened by indirect Bio

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25

Jones, Taylor, and Mizuho Nita. "Gill's mealybug, Ferrisia gilli, can Transmit Grapevine Leafroll-associated Virus-3 after a 24-hour Acquisition Time." International Journal of Phytopathology 9, no. 2 (2020): 139–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.33687/phytopath.009.02.3385.

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Grapevine leafroll disease (GLD) is a virus disease present in all grapevine-growing regions of the world. Mealybugs and scale insects have been reported as vectors of some grapevine leafroll-associated viruses belongs to the ampeloviruses (family Closteroviridae) in particular with grapevine leafroll-associated virus-1 (GLRaV-1) and GLRaV-3. Both grape (Pseudococcus maritimus) and Gill’s mealybugs are commonly present in Virginia vineyards, but we have limited information on acquisition and transmission of GLRaV-3 by Gill's mealybug (Ferrisia Gilli). We conducted acquisition and transmission

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Yong, Adeline J. H., Han L. Tan, Qianwen Zhu, Alexei M. Bygrave, Richard C. Johnson, and Richard L. Huganir. "Tyrosine phosphorylation of the AMPA receptor subunit GluA2 gates homeostatic synaptic plasticity." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 9 (2020): 4948–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1918436117.

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Hebbian plasticity, comprised of long-term potentiation (LTP) and depression (LTD), allows neurons to encode and respond to specific stimuli; while homeostatic synaptic scaling is a counterbalancing mechanism that enables the maintenance of stable neural circuits. Both types of synaptic plasticity involve the control of postsynaptic α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor (AMPAR) abundance, which is modulated by AMPAR phosphorylation. To address the necessity of GluA2 phospho-Y876 in synaptic plasticity, we generated phospho-deficient GluA2 Y876F knock-in mice. We

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Hao, Xinyi, Bolei Jiao, Yunlei Wang, Boxing Shang, and Yan Xu. "Occurrence of Grapevine Leafroll-Associated Virus-3 (GLRaV-3), Complete Nucleotide Sequence and Cultivar Susceptibility to a GLRaV-3 Isolate from Shaanxi Province of China." Horticulturae 8, no. 1 (2022): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8010073.

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Grapevine (Vitis spp.) is globally one of the most economically important fruit crops. China is the largest grapevine-growing country of the world and Shaanxi province is one of the major grapevine-growing provinces in the country. A survey of GLRaV-3 found it widespread, with 57–100% infection frequencies, in both wine and table grapevine cultivars of three grapevine-growing regions of Shaanxi province. The virus infection frequencies varied with cultivars and regions. In order to obtain the full genomic length of a new GLRaV-3 isolate, GLRaV-3-Sau (accession number MK988555), was sequenced.

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Fuchs, M., P. Marsella-Herrick, G. M. Loeb, T. E. Martinson, and H. C. Hoch. "Diversity of Ampeloviruses in Mealybug and Soft Scale Vectors and in Grapevine Hosts from Leafroll-Affected Vineyards." Phytopathology® 99, no. 10 (2009): 1177–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-99-10-1177.

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The occurrence and diversity of Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 1 (GLRaV-1) and Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 (GLRaV-3) in the soft scales Parthenolecanium corni and Pulvinaria innumerabilis and in the mealybug Pseudococcus maritimus was determined in leafroll-affected vineyards in the Finger Lakes region of New York. Groups of 1 to 4 specimens were collected under loose grapevine bark and tested by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for segments of the second diverged copy of the GLRaV-1 coat protein gene or GLRaV-3 heat-shock protein 70-homologue gene. Virus

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Čarija, Mate, Silvija Černi, Darija Stupin-Polančec, Tomislav Radić, Emanuel Gaši, and Katarina Hančević. "Grapevine Leafroll-Associated Virus 3 Replication in Grapevine Hosts Changes through the Dormancy Stage." Plants 11, no. 23 (2022): 3250. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11233250.

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Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 (GLRaV-3) is a graft-transmissible virus present in every viticultural region of the world and poses a large threat to grapevine production. Frequent coinfections with other viruses, the large number of grapevine varieties, the complexity of processes involved in plant response to virus infection, and the lack of studies on GLRaV-3 replication limit our knowledge of GLRaV-3 damaging effects and their background. In this study, five different inocula, one containing GLRaV-3 and others containing GLRaV-3 in combination with different grapevine viruses were g

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Du, Tingting, Yuxin Hao, Jie Gao, et al. "Complete Sequence Analysis of Grapevine Leafroll-Associated Virus 4 and Interactions Between the Encoded Proteins." Viruses 17, no. 7 (2025): 952. https://doi.org/10.3390/v17070952.

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Grapevine leafroll disease is one of the most devastating diseases in the global viticulture industry. Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 4 is one of the main pathogens causing this disease. In this study, we obtained the complete genome sequences of two Chinese isolates of GLRaV-4 from ‘Baisainie’ and ‘Fantasy Seedless’ grapevines through high-throughput sequencing and overlapping RT-PCR combined with RACE technology. The sequences contain 13,814 and 13,824 nucleotides and code six open reading frames, respectively. Phylogenetic trees based on the coat protein (CP) and heat shock protein 70

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Han, J., M. A. Ellis, and F. Qu. "First Report of Grapevine leaf roll-associated virus-2 and -3 in Ohio Vineyards." Plant Disease 98, no. 2 (2014): 284. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-03-13-0276-pdn.

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Grapevine leaf roll-associated viruses (GLRaVs) are a group of nine closely related viruses belonging to the Closteroviridae family that cause grapevine leaf roll disease in vineyards across the world (3). Within the continental United States, GLRaVs have been reported in the states of California, Michigan, Missouri, New York, Oregon, Washington, and Wisconsin, but not in Ohio (2,3). During 2012, grapevines with typical leaf roll symptoms were reported by owners of several Ohio vineyards. The symptoms included small, red leaves and downwardly rolled leaf margins, accompanied by tiny grape clus

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Jones, T. J., F. Westover, and M. Nita. "First Report of Grapevine leafroll-associated virus-2 and -3 in Texas Vineyards." Plant Disease 98, no. 11 (2014): 1592. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-06-14-0619-pdn.

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Grapevine leafroll disease (GLD), caused by the grapevine leafroll-associated viruses (GLRaVs, family Closteroviridae) is an important disease in all grapevine-growing regions of the world (2). It negatively affects vine vigor, fruit yield, and grape quality (e.g., sugar accumulation) (3). Typical disease symptoms include downward rolling of grape leaves accompanied by interveinal reddening in red-fruited varieties and interveinal chlorosis in white-fruited varieties (2). The state of Texas currently has over 275 commercial vineyards and acreage under grape production is expanding. Currently,

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Song, Yashu, Robert H. Hanner, and Baozhong Meng. "Transcriptomic Analyses of Grapevine Leafroll-Associated Virus 3 Infection in Leaves and Berries of ‘Cabernet Franc’." Viruses 14, no. 8 (2022): 1831. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14081831.

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Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 (GLRaV-3) is one of the most important viruses affecting global grape and wine production. GLRaV-3 is the chief agent associated with grapevine leafroll disease (GLRD), the most prevalent and economically destructive grapevine viral disease complex. Response of grapevine to GLRaV-3 infection at the gene expression level is poorly characterized, limiting the understanding of GLRaV-3 pathogenesis and viral-associated symptom development. In this research, we used RNA-Seq to profile the changes in global gene expression of Cabernet franc, a premium red wine g

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Kyrychenko, A. M., K. V. Hrynchuk, I. O. Antipov, and A. I. Konup. "A Survey of Grapevine Leafroll-Associated Virus 1 and 3 in the South of Ukraine and Development of Primers for GLRaV-3 Identification." Mikrobiolohichnyi Zhurnal 84, no. 3 (2022): 82–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/microbiolj84.03.082.

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Viticulture is one of the most intensive and complex branches of Ukraine agriculture. Grapevine virus diseases are responsible for considerable economic losses to grape productivity and wine industries. One of the most notable and widespread viruses associated with vine leafroll disease is grapevine leafroll-associated viruses (GLRaV), belonging to the genus Ampelovirus, family Closteroviridae. Thus, the aim of this study was to conduct a survey targeting two viruses involved in the grapevine leafroll, namely grapevine leafroll-associated virus 1 (GLRaV-1) and virus 3(GLRaV-3) distributed in c

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FAJARDO, THOR V. M., GILMAR B. KUHN, MARCELO EIRAS, and OSMAR NICKEL. "Detecção de Closterovirus em videira e caracterização parcial de um isolado do Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3." Fitopatologia Brasileira 27, no. 1 (2002): 58–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-41582002000100009.

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O enrolamento da folha da videira (Vitis spp.) é uma doença causada por até oito vírus, Grapevine leafroll-associated virus (GLRaV) 1 a 8, sorologicamente distintos e associados ao floema de videiras infetadas. Neste trabalho, foram detectados GLRaV-1 e -3 por DAS-ELISA em 6,9 e 14,7% das amostras analisadas, respectivamente, e provenientes de duas importantes regiões vitícolas do Brasil (Serra Gaúcha e Vale do São Francisco). Os GLRaV-2, -5 e -7 não foram detectados. O GLRaV-3 também foi detectado por dot-ELISA e western blot, observando-se a provável proteína capsidial com cerca de 36 kDa. U

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Poojari, S., J. Boulé, N. DeLury, et al. "Epidemiology and Genetic Diversity of Grapevine Leafroll-Associated Viruses in British Columbia." Plant Disease 101, no. 12 (2017): 2088–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-04-17-0497-re.

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Grapevine leafroll disease (GLD) is a complex associated with one or more virus species belonging to the family Closteroviridae. The majority of viruses in this complex are vectored by one or more species of mealybugs (Pseudococcidae) and/or scale insects (Coccidae). Grape-growing regions of British Columbia (BC), including Okanagan, Similkameen, and Fraser valleys and Kamloops (BC central interior), Vancouver, and Gulf islands, were surveyed during the 2014 and 2015 growing seasons for the presence of four major grapevine leafroll-associated viruses, including Grapevine leafroll-associated vi

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Soltani, Nourolah, Rongbin Hu, Darrell D. Hensley, David L. Lockwood, Keith L. Perry, and M. R. Hajimorad. "A Survey for Nine Major Viruses of Grapevines in Tennessee Vineyards." Plant Health Progress 21, no. 3 (2020): 157–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/php-03-20-0018-rs.

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Despite the significance of grape production to the fruit industry in Tennessee (TN), no published information has been available on viruses affecting grapevines in the state. Hence, a survey was conducted during the 2016 and 2017 growing seasons to determine the status of nine major viruses of grapevines in TN vineyards by taking advantage of classical serological assays and confirmatory nucleic acid-based diagnostic approaches. A total of 349 samples from 23 grapevine cultivars mostly displaying viral-like symptoms were collected from 23 commercial vineyards. All samples were assayed by DAS-

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Achzet, Lindsay M., Fanny Astruc-Diaz, Phillip H. Beske, Nicholas R. Natale, Travis T. Denton, and Darrell A. Jackson. "Liposomal Encapsulated FSC231, a PICK1 Inhibitor, Prevents the Ischemia/Reperfusion-Induced Degradation of GluA2-Containing AMPA Receptors." Pharmaceutics 13, no. 5 (2021): 636. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13050636.

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Strokes remain one of the leading causes of disability within the United States. Despite an enormous amount of research effort within the scientific community, very few therapeutics are available for stroke patients. Cytotoxic accumulation of intracellular calcium is a well-studied phenomenon that occurs following ischemic stroke. This intracellular calcium overload results from excessive release of the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate, a process known as excitotoxicity. Calcium-permeable AMPA receptors (AMPARs), lacking the GluA2 subunit, contribute to calcium cytotoxicity and subsequent

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Krysenko, Sergii, Nicole Okoniewski, Merle Nentwich, et al. "A Second Gamma-Glutamylpolyamine Synthetase, GlnA2, Is Involved in Polyamine Catabolism in Streptomyces coelicolor." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 7 (2022): 3752. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23073752.

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Streptomyces coelicolor is a soil bacterium living in a habitat with very changeable nutrient availability. This organism possesses a complex nitrogen metabolism and is able to utilize the polyamines putrescine, cadaverine, spermidine, and spermine and the monoamine ethanolamine. We demonstrated that GlnA2 (SCO2241) facilitates S. coelicolor to survive under high toxic polyamine concentrations. GlnA2 is a gamma-glutamylpolyamine synthetase, an enzyme catalyzing the first step in polyamine catabolism. The role of GlnA2 was confirmed in phenotypical studies with a glnA2 deletion mutant as well a

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Pei, G. Q., Y. F. Dong, Z. P. Zhang, and X. D. Fan. "First Report of Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 4 and 5 in Grapevines in China." Plant Disease 94, no. 1 (2010): 130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-94-1-0130a.

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Grapevine leafroll disease (GLD) is one of the most important diseases of grapevines worldwide. Nine serologically distinct viruses in the Closteroviridae family are associated with GLD. Previous studies reported that Grapevine leafroll-associated virus (GLRaV) -1, -2, -3, and -7 were present in grapevines in China with GLRaV-1 and -3 the predominant viruses associated with GLD (1). To confirm if GLRaV-4 and -5 were also present in China, 36 dormant canes from individual vines of 29 cultivars that showed GLD leaf symptoms during the growing season were collected from the germplasm collection p

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Thompson, Brandon D., Jennifer Dahan, Jungmin Lee, Robert R. Martin, and Alexander V. Karasev. "A Novel Genetic Variant of Grapevine leafroll-associated virus-3 (GLRaV-3) from Idaho Grapevines." Plant Disease 103, no. 3 (2019): 509–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-08-18-1303-re.

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Grapevine leafroll-associated virus-3 (GLRaV-3) is a major constraint on profitable grapevine cultivation. The virus is transmitted efficiently by mealybugs and soft scale insects, or through vegetative propagation by cuttings, and is present worldwide, wherever grapevines are grown. GLRaV-3 exists as a complex of genetic variants currently classified in several phylogenetic groups that can differ from each other by as much as 30% in nucleotide sequence of the whole genome. In the course of the GLRaV-3 testing of wine grapes in southern Idaho, plants of two grapevine cultivars were found to ha

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Jackson, Darrell A., Fanny Astruc-Diaz, Nicole M. Byrnes, and Phillip H. Beske. "The Post-Ischemic Increase in GluA2 Ser880 Phosphorylation Involves NADPH Oxidase." Journal of Pharmaceutics and Therapeutics 4, no. 1 (2018): 170–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.18314/jpt.v4i1.1300.

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Most 2-amino-3-(3-hydroxy-5-methyl-isoxazol-4-yl) propanoic acid receptors (AMPARs) expressed on adult hippocampal pyramidal neurons contain the edited form of GluA2 (Q607R) and are thus impermeable to Ca2+/Zn2+ entry. Following ischemic injury, these receptors undergo a subunit composition change, switching from a GluA2-containing Ca2+/Zn2+-impermeable AMPAR to a GluA2-lacking Ca2+/Zn2+-permeable AMPAR. Recent studies indicate that an oxidative stress signaling pathway is responsible for the I/R-induced changes in AMPAR subunit composition. Studies suggest that nicotinamide adenine dinucleoti

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Porotikova, Elena, Uliana Terehova, Vitalii Volodin, Eugeniya Yurchenko, and Svetlana Vinogradova. "Distribution and Genetic Diversity of Grapevine Viruses in Russia." Plants 10, no. 6 (2021): 1080. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10061080.

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Viral diseases can seriously damage the vineyard productivity and the quality of grape and wine products. Therefore, the study of the species composition and range of grapevine viruses is important for the development and implementation of strategies and tactics to limit their spread and increase the economic benefits of viticulture. In 2014–2019, we carried out a large-scale phytosanitary monitoring of Russian commercial vineyards in the Krasnodar region, Stavropol region and Republic of Crimea. A total of 1857 samples were collected and tested for the presence of Grapevine rupestris stem pit

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Larsen, Andreas Haahr, Jerzy Dorosz, Thor Seneca Thorsen, et al. "Small-angle neutron scattering studies on the AMPA receptor GluA2 in the resting, AMPA-bound and GYKI-53655-bound states." IUCrJ 5, no. 6 (2018): 780–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2052252518012186.

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The AMPA receptor GluA2 belongs to the family of ionotropic glutamate receptors, which are responsible for most of the fast excitatory neuronal signalling in the central nervous system. These receptors are important for memory and learning, but have also been associated with brain diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and epilepsy. Today, one drug is on the market for the treatment of epilepsy targeting AMPA receptors, i.e. a negative allosteric modulator of these receptors. Recently, crystal structures and cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of full-length GluA2 in the resting (apo),

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Achzet, Lindsay M., Clara J. Davison, Moira Shea, Isabella Sturgeon, and Darrell A. Jackson. "Oxidative Stress Underlies the Ischemia/Reperfusion-Induced Internalization and Degradation of AMPA Receptors." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 2 (2021): 717. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22020717.

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Stroke is the fifth leading cause of death annually in the United States. Ischemic stroke occurs when a blood vessel supplying the brain is occluded. The hippocampus is particularly susceptible to AMPA receptor-mediated delayed neuronal death as a result of ischemic/reperfusion injury. AMPA receptors composed of a GluA2 subunit are impermeable to calcium due to a post-transcriptional modification in the channel pore of the GluA2 subunit. GluA2 undergoes internalization and is subsequently degraded following ischemia/reperfusion. The subsequent increase in the expression of GluA2-lacking, Ca2+-

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Tsai, C. W., J. Chau, L. Fernandez, D. Bosco, K. M. Daane, and R. P. P. Almeida. "Transmission of Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 by the Vine Mealybug (Planococcus ficus)." Phytopathology® 98, no. 10 (2008): 1093–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-98-10-1093.

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Grapevine leafroll disease is caused by grapevine leafroll-associated viruses (GLRaVs). Within this virus complex, GLRaV-3 is the predominant species in the world. Several GLRaVs have been shown to be transmitted from vine to vine by mealybugs although a detailed characterization of transmission biology is lacking. The introduction of the vine mealybug (Planococcus ficus) in California and other regions of the world may result in increasing disease incidence of established GLRaVs. We studied the characteristics of GLRaV-3 transmission by the vine mealybug. Our results indicate that the vine me

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Tomazic, Irma, Zora Korosec-Koruza, and Natasa Petrovic. "Sanitary status of slovenian indigenous grapevine cultivar Refosk." OENO One 39, no. 1 (2005): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/oeno-one.2005.39.1.908.

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<p style="text-align: justify;">Sanitary status of visually selected and nonselected indigenous grapevine cultivar 'Refosk' (Vitis vinifera L. cv. 'Refosk') was evaluated. Nine viruses were tested by ELISA: Nepoviruses Grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV) and Arabis mosaic virus (ArMV), Closteroviruses Grapevine leafroll associated viruses 1 (GLRaV-1), 2 (GLRaV-2), 3 (GLRaV-3), and 6 (GLRaV-6), Grapevine fleck virus (GFkV) and Vitiviruses Grapevine virus A (GVA) and Grapevine virus B (GVB). All viruses except ArMV and GVB were detected. The vines of cv. ‘Refosk’ passing the visual selection we

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Jarugula, Sridhar, Olufemi J. Alabi, Robert R. Martin, and Rayapati A. Naidu. "Genetic Variability of Natural Populations of Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 2 in Pacific Northwest Vineyards." Phytopathology® 100, no. 7 (2010): 698–707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-100-7-0698.

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Genetic variability of field populations of Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 2 (GLRaV-2) in Pacific Northwest (PNW) vineyards was characterized by sequencing the entire coat protein (CP) and a portion of the heat-shock protein-70 homolog (HSP70h) genes. Phylogenetic analysis of CP and HSP70h nucleotide sequences obtained in this study and corresponding sequences from GenBank revealed segregation of GLRaV-2 isolates into six lineages with virus isolates from PNW distributed in ‘PN’, ‘H4’, and ‘RG’ lineages. An estimation of the ratio of nonsynonymous substitutions per nonsynonymous site to s

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Engel, E. A., P. Escobar, C. Montt, S. Gómez-Talquenca, and P. D. T. Valenzuela. "First Report on the Occurrence of Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 7 and 9 in Chilean Grapevines." Plant Disease 92, no. 8 (2008): 1252. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-92-8-1252c.

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Grapevine is one of the oldest horticultural crops and represents a highly valuable agricultural commodity. So far, nine distinct Grapevine leafroll-associated viruses (GLRaVs) within the Closteroviridae family have been found to be associated with grapevine leafroll disease (3). Previous studies have demonstrated a high incidence of GLRaV-1, -2, and -3 in Chile (2). To determine if other GLRaVs were present, 21 dormant cane samples were screened with a comprehensive 70-mer oligonucleotide microarray designed to simultaneously detect all grapevine viruses with total or partial genomic sequence

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Adiputra, Jati, Sandya R. Kesoju, and Rayapati A. Naidu. "The Relative Occurrence of Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 and Grapevine red blotch virus in Washington State Vineyards." Plant Disease 102, no. 11 (2018): 2129–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-12-17-1962-re.

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Vineyard surveys were conducted for three consecutive seasons in eastern Washington State, the major grapevine-growing region in the state, to document the occurrence of Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 (GLRaV-3) and Grapevine red blotch virus (GRBV). The majority of samples were collected from red-berried wine grape (Vitis vinifera) cultivars exhibiting symptoms of or suspected for grapevine leafroll (GLD) and red blotch (GRBD) diseases. A limited number of samples from white-berried cultivars were collected randomly due to the lack of visual symptoms. Samples were collected from a total

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