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Journal articles on the topic 'Glucose irreversible loss (GIL)'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 21 February 2023

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1

Barry, T. N., and T. R. Manley. "Glucose and protein metabolism during late pregnancy in triplet-bearing ewes given fresh forages ad lib." British Journal of Nutrition 54, no. 2 (September 1985): 521–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19850137.

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1. Ewes of the Booroola x Romney genotype carrying triplet lambs were given fresh forages ad lib. in late pregnancy. In Expt 1, groups of three ewes were given kale (Brassica oleracea), perennial ryegrass (Loliumperenne) or perennial ryegrass (0.75)–barley (0.25). In Expt 2, groups of two or three ewes were given fresh perennial ryegrass and infused into the abomasum with iso-energetic quantities of casein and glucose in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement. Post-lambing ewe live weights were 40–50 kg. Glucose irreversible loss (GIL) was determined from dilution of D-[U-14C]glucose.2. For ewes given

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Barry, T. N., T. R. Manley, Carolyn Redekopp, and T. F. Allsop. "Endocrine regulation of metabolism in sheep given kale (Brassica oleracea) and ryegrass (Lolium perenne) – clover (Trifolium repens) fresh-forage diets." British Journal of Nutrition 54, no. 1 (July 1985): 165–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19850102.

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1. Diets of fresh kale (Brassica oleracea) and ryegrass (Loliumperenne) – elover (Trifolium repens) herbage were fed to growing sheep in three experiments. In Expts 1 and 3 the sheep were confined indoors and fed at hourly intervals, and all were given supplementary iodine to counteract kale goitrogens. Lambs grazed the two forages for 24 weeks in Expt 2, with and without intramuscular injections of iodized oil. The kale and herbage contained respectively 11 and <0.1 g S-methyl-L-cysteine sulphoxide (SMCO)/kg dry matter (DM) and values for readily fermentable: structural carbohydrate (CHO)

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3

Ford, E. J. H., and Joan Evans. "The effect of triamcinolone on glucose metabolism in ketotic sheep." Journal of Agricultural Science 106, no. 2 (April 1986): 337–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600063930.

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SUMMARYThe withdrawal of food from Clun Forest ewes pregnant with twins produced signs of pregnancy toxaemia accompanied by a significant decrease in the concentration of glucose, a significant increase in the concentration of ketones, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and 3-hydroxybutyrate in plasma and a significant decrease in total entry rate and irreversible loss of glucose. A single intramuscular injection of 0·05 or 0·2 mg/kg of triamcinolone acetonide had no significant effect on the concentration of glucose, ketones or 3-hydroxybutyrate in plasma or on the total entry, irreversible lo

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4

Eizirik, D. L., V. Grill, K. Inoue, and M. Cetkovic-Cvrlje. "Irreversible loss of normal beta-cell regulation by glucose in neonatally streptozotocin diabetic rats." Diabetologia 37, no. 4 (April 1, 1994): 351–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001250050116.

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Inoue, K., M. Cetkovic-Cvrlje, D. L. Eizirik, and V. Grill. "Irreversible loss of normal beta-cell regulation by glucose in neonatally streptozotocin diabetic rats." Diabetologia 37, no. 4 (April 1994): 351–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00408470.

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6

Garegrat, Reema, Suprabha Patnaik, Pradeep Suryawanshi, and Chaitanya Datar. "Focal congenital hyperinsulinism resulting from biallelic loss of function of KCNJ11 gene." BMJ Case Reports 14, no. 3 (March 2021): e240218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2020-240218.

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Congenital hyperinsulinism (CHI) characterised by inappropriate secretion of insulin despite low blood glucose can result in irreversible brain damage if not promptly treated. The most common genetic cause of hyperinsulinism is the pathogenic variants in ABCC8 and KCNJ11, causing dysregulated insulin secretion. Rapid testing is crucial for all patients because finding a mutation significantly impacts this condition’s clinical management. We report a rare case of focal CHI after a homozygous KCNJ11 mutation who underwent a selective lesionectomy and required octreotide for euglycaemia.

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7

Meier, S., P. J. S. Gore, C. M. E. Barnett, R. T. Cursons, D. E. Phipps, K. A. Watkins, and G. A. Verkerk. "Metabolic adaptations associated with irreversible glucose loss are different to those observed during under-nutrition." Domestic Animal Endocrinology 34, no. 3 (April 2008): 269–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.domaniend.2007.08.002.

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8

H Oddy, V., JM Gooden, GM Hough, BE Teleni, and EF Annison. "Partitioning of Nutrients in Merino Ewes. 11 Glucose Utilization by Skeletal Muscle, the Pregnant Uterus and the Lactating Mammary Gland in Relation to Whole Body Glucose Utilization." Australian Journal of Biological Sciences 38, no. 1 (1985): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bi9850095.

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The net uptake and oxidation of glucose by leg muscle, pregnant uterus, and lactating mammary gland, together with the rate of irreversible loss and oxidation of glucose in the whole body of Merino ewes are reported. The ewes were fed on either chaffed oaten hay (OR), chaffed lucerne hay (L), or a mixture of chaffed oaten and lucerne hays (OHL). Measurements were made during five different physiological states: dry (nonpregnant), at 94 and 125 days of pregnancy, and at 20 and 50 days after lambing.

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9

Obara, Y., and D. W. Dellow. "Effects of intraruminal infusions of urea, sucrose or urea plus sucrose on plasma urea and glucose kinetics in sheep fed chopped lucerne hay." Journal of Agricultural Science 121, no. 1 (August 1993): 125–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600076875.

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SUMMARYThe effect of rumen fermentation on the relationship between urea and glucose kinetics was examined in sheep fed chopped lucerne hay with intraruminal infusions of water, urea, sucrose, or urea plus sucrose at Palmerston North, New Zealand in 1986. Sheep were fed hourly and infused intraruminally with water (1200 m1/day), or a similar volume containing either urea alone (13·7g/day), sucrose alone (178·2 g/day) or urea (14·6 g/day) plus sucrose (175·0 g/day). The added sucrose resulted in a lower rumen ammonia concentration (P< 0·05), lower plasma urea concentration (P< 0·05) and r

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10

Sutoh, M., Y. Obara, and S. Miyamoto. "The effect of sucrose supplementation on kinetics of nitrogen, ruminal propionate and plasma glucose in sheep." Journal of Agricultural Science 126, no. 1 (February 1996): 99–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600088845.

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SUMMARYThe effects of dietary sucrose on the metabolic rate of plasma glucose and ruminal propionate as well as the change in nitrogen kinetics were examined in four mature wethers fitted with rumen fistulas in Tsukuba, Japan in 1990. Wethers were fed at 12 equal intervals daily on crushed lucerne hay cubes (1233 g DM/day), with or without 204 g/day of sucrose. Plasma urea and glucose kinetics were determined following a single intravenous injection of [I5N]urea and [U-13C]glucose respectively; and the kinetics of ruminal ammonia and propionate were determined following a single intraruminal i

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11

Thordarson, G., G. H. McDowell, S. V. Smith, S. Iley, and I. A. Forsyth. "Effects of continuous intravenous infusion of an ovine placental extract enriched in placental lactogen on plasma hormones, metabolites and metabolite biokinetics in non-pregnant sheep." Journal of Endocrinology 113, no. 2 (May 1987): 277–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1130277.

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ABSTRACT Continuous intravenous infusions of saline or of a placental extract containing ovine placental lactogen were given to three non-pregnant, non-lactating ewes over periods of 36 h, 1 week apart. During saline infusion no placental lactogen was detected in jugular vein plasma, but infusion of the placental extract raised the placental lactogen concentration from undetectable to 40-50 μg/l, similar to concentrations in ewes with one fetus on day 90 of pregnancy. By comparison with the saline control period, infusion of the placental extract consistently increased both plasma concentratio

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12

Caumo, A., and C. Cobelli. "Hepatic glucose production during the labeled IVGTT: estimation by deconvolution with a new minimal model." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 264, no. 5 (May 1, 1993): E829—E841. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.1993.264.5.e829.

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A method for the estimation of hepatic glucose production during a labeled intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) is proposed. Stable-label IVGTT data in normal subjects have been considered. The method is based on deconvolution and uses a new two-compartment minimal model of glucose kinetics to describe the time-varying impulse response of the glucose system. A new model of glucose kinetics was needed because the available single-compartment minimal model, specifically developed to interpret labeled IVGTT data, provided a nonphysiological pattern of hepatic glucose production. The new min

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13

Crooks, Daniel R., Nunziata Maio, Martin Lang, Christopher J. Ricketts, Cathy D. Vocke, Sandeep Gurram, Sevilay Turan, et al. "Mitochondrial DNA alterations underlie an irreversible shift to aerobic glycolysis in fumarate hydratase–deficient renal cancer." Science Signaling 14, no. 664 (January 5, 2021): eabc4436. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/scisignal.abc4436.

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Understanding the mechanisms of the Warburg shift to aerobic glycolysis is critical to defining the metabolic basis of cancer. Hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell carcinoma (HLRCC) is an aggressive cancer characterized by biallelic inactivation of the gene encoding the Krebs cycle enzyme fumarate hydratase, an early shift to aerobic glycolysis, and rapid metastasis. We observed impairment of the mitochondrial respiratory chain in tumors from patients with HLRCC. Biochemical and transcriptomic analyses revealed that respiratory chain dysfunction in the tumors was due to loss of expression

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14

Fern, Robert, Peter Davis, Stephen G. Waxman, and Bruce R. Ransom. "Axon Conduction and Survival in CNS White Matter During Energy Deprivation: A Developmental Study." Journal of Neurophysiology 79, no. 1 (January 1, 1998): 95–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1998.79.1.95.

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Fern, Robert, Peter Davis, Stephen G. Waxman, and Bruce R. Ransom. Axon conduction and survival in CNS white matter during energy deprivation: a developmental study. J. Neurophysiol. 79: 95–105, 1998. We investigated the postnatal development of axon sensitivity to the withdrawal of oxygen, glucose, or the combined withdrawal of oxygen + glucose in the isolated rat optic nerve (a CNS white matter tract). Removal of either oxygen or glucose for 60 min resulted in irreversible injury in optic nerves from adult rats, assessed by loss of the evoked compound action potential (CAP). Optic nerves at

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15

Cappelli, F. Piccioli, C. J. Seal, and D. S. Parker. "Glucose and ]13C[leucine metabolism by the portal-drained viscera of sheep fed on dried grass with acute intravenous and intraduodenal infusions of glucose." British Journal of Nutrition 78, no. 6 (December 1997): 931–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19970210.

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The effect of exogenous glucose supply by either intrajugular (IJG) or intraduodenal (IDG) infusion at 2.0 mg glucose/kg body weight per min was investigated in four wether sheep (average weight 44 (sd 4) kg) chronically catheterized in the carotid artery and portal veins. Sheep were fed on a dried grass pellet diet hourly using continuous belt feeders. Whole-body glucose irreversible loss (IL) rate, measured with [6-3H[glucose, was increased by 0.5 and 0.8 of exogenous supply for IJG and IDG infusions respectively. Portal glucose utilization, measured by isotope dilution across the portal-dra

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16

Zhang, Wenzhuo, Jason Widjaja, Libin Yao, Yong Shao, Xiaocheng Zhu, and Chao Li. "Short-Term Results Suggest That Sleeved Stomach without Resection Is as Effective as Sleeve Gastrectomy in Improving Glucose Control in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Sprague-Dawley Rat Model." BioMed Research International 2020 (May 2, 2020): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/9024923.

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Background. Although sleeve gastrectomy results in good weight loss and metabolic improvements, it is an irreversible procedure. Therefore, we attempted to assess the possibility of creating a sleeved stomach without resection. Material and Methods. A total of 22 male Sprague-Dawley rats with type 2 diabetes were randomly assigned into 3 different groups: (1) sleeve gastroplasty with gastric remnant-jejunal anastomosis (SGP, n=8); (2) sleeve gastrectomy (SG, n=8); and (3) SHAM (n=6). Body weight, food intake, fasting blood glucose (FBG), hormonal analysis, and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT

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17

Yi, Junyeong, Tae Su Kim, Jhang Ho Pak, and Jong Woo Chung. "Protective Effects of Glucose-Related Protein 78 and 94 on Cisplatin-Mediated Ototoxicity." Antioxidants 9, no. 8 (August 2, 2020): 686. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox9080686.

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Cisplatin is a widely used chemotherapeutic drug for treating various solid tumors. Ototoxicity is a major dose-limiting side effect of cisplatin, which causes progressive and irreversible sensorineural hearing loss. Here, we examined the protective effects of glucose-related protein (GRP) 78 and 94, also identified as endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperone proteins, on cisplatin-induced ototoxicity. Treating murine auditory cells (HEI-OC1) with 25 μM cisplatin for 24 h increased cell death resulting from excessive intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and caspase-involved apo

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18

Cronjé, P. B., J. V. Nolan, and R. A. Leng. "Acetate clearance rate as a potential index of the availability of glucogenic precursors in ruminants fed on roughage-based diets." British Journal of Nutrition 66, no. 2 (September 1991): 301–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19910033.

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Three experiments were conducted to investigate interactions between acetate and glucose metabolism in sheep fed on roughage-based diets, and to establish whether the clearance rate of an intravenous acetate load would provide a valid index of the dietary acetate:glucogenic precursors ratio. In Expt 1 lambs were fed on a basal diet of wheat straw and supplemented with propionate and protein. Both supplements increased glucose irreversible loss rate (ILR) although not to the same degree. Acetate clearance rates were increased by protein and propionate supplementation and were positively related

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19

Zivkovic, Marijana, Vanja Misic, Mirjana Lausevic, Miodrag Milenovic, and Branislava Stefanovic. "Anaesthetic management of ASA 6 patients." Acta chirurgica Iugoslavica 63, no. 2 (2016): 75–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/aci1602075z.

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The criteria to determine brain death include circulatory-respiratory criteria-loss of circulation and respiration and neurological criteria - irreversible cessation of all brain functions. After brain death is proven, intensive care is directed from nonspecific neuroprotection to somatic organs protection. Access to the maintenance of the potential organ donor began achieving rapid hemodynamic stability with the monitoring and correction of serum levels of electrolytes, glucose and lactate, acid-base status, determining and maintaining body temperature-deceased patients with a beating heart a

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20

Qader, Saleem S., Javier Jimenez-Feltström, Mats Ekelund, Ingmar Lundquist, and Albert Salehi. "Expression of islet inducible nitric oxide synthase and inhibition of glucose-stimulated insulin release after long-term lipid infusion in the rat is counteracted by PACAP27." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 292, no. 5 (May 2007): E1447—E1455. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00172.2006.

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Chronic exposure of pancreatic islets to elevated plasma lipids (lipotoxicity) can lead to β-cell dysfunction, with overtime becoming irreversible. We examined, by confocal microscopy and biochemistry, whether the expression of islet inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and the concomitant inhibition of glucose-stimulated insulin release seen after lipid infusion in rats was modulated by the islet neuropeptide pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP)27. Lipid infusion for 8 days induced a strong expression of islet iNOS, which was mainly confined to β-cells and was still ev

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21

Tasnim, Saria, Dhara Dave, Yousuf Tawfeeq, Tarek Naguib, and Waqas Rasheed. "A case of ocular neurosyphilis in a patient with HIV." Southwest Respiratory and Critical Care Chronicles 9, no. 41 (October 22, 2021): 44–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.12746/swrccc.v9i41.931.

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In the modern era, neurosyphilis in immunocompetent individuals is very rare compared to pre-antibiotic era. However, the incidence is still a few folds higher in immunodeficient individuals, especially in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The cases we found, involved mostly the brain with eye involvement was found in only five other instances. Ocular syphilis is a type of neurosyphilis that can threaten vision leading to blindness if not treated promptly. Its diagnosis can be challenging but it should be considered if the neuro-ophthalmological findings cannot be exp

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Chopabayeva, Nazira N. "Application of Lignin Sorbents for Correction of Carbohydrate-Lipid Profile of Diabetic Patient's Blood Serum." Journal of Composites and Biodegradable Polymers 5, no. 1 (February 27, 2017): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.12974/2311-8717.2017.05.01.1.

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Novel cost-effective sorbents based on hydrolytic lignin of cotton husk have been synthesized by two-step process including condensation of lignin with epichlorhydrin oligomer and subsequent amination of formed chloroderivative with polyamines. The results show the efficiency of lignin sorbents for the removal of water and lipid soluble toxic metabolites from blood serum of diabetic retinopathy patients. Due to high sorption activity of synthesized sorbents in relation to glucose and lipids, including triglycerides, cholesterol and its most atherogenic fractions (LDL-C, VLDL-C) their concentra

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Godfraind, Jean-Marie, Selva Baltan Tekkök, and Krešimir Krnjević. "Hypoxia on Hippocampal Slices from Mice Deficient in Dystrophin (mdx) and Isoforms (mdx3cv)." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 20, no. 1 (January 2000): 145–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004647-200001000-00019.

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Slices from control C57, mdx, and mdx3cv mice were made hypoxic until both field excitatory postsynaptic potential (fEPSP) and presynaptic afferent volley (AV) disappeared (H1). After reoxygenation and recovery of fEPSP, a second and longer hypoxic test (H2) lasted 3 minutes beyond the time required to block AV. When slices were kept in 10 mmol/L glucose, H1 abolished AV 37 and 19% earlier in slices from mdx and mdx3cv mutants than in control slices (where H1 = 12 ± 4.6 minutes, mean ± SD). During H2 or when slices were kept in 4 mmol/L glucose, AV vanished even more quickly, but the times to

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Parish, Stanley T., Stanley R. Fauce, and Rita B. Effros. "Manipulaion of TNFalpha delays loss of CD28 expression in human CD8 T cells (96.19)." Journal of Immunology 178, no. 1_Supplement (April 1, 2007): S186. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.178.supp.96.19.

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Abstract The CD28 costimulatory receptor is essential for T cell activation, glucose metabolism, and optimal telomerase activity. Increased proportions of CD8+CD28 T cells, seen in HIV infection and aging, correlate with decreased vaccine responsiveness and early mortality. CD28 expression is also lost in chronically stimulated cultures of CD8 T cells as they approach replicative senescence, a state of irreversible cell cycle arrest, associated with shortened telomeres and increased levels of TNFα. Based on the link between TNFα and the CD28 gene promoter, we sought to investigate the effects

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Bauman, Dale E., Colin J. Peel, Wayne D. Steinhour, Paul J. Reynolds, Henry F. Tyrrell, A. C. G. Brown, and Gordon L. Haaland. "Effect of Bovine Somatotropin on Metabolism of Lactating Dairy Cows: Influence on Rates of Irreversible Loss and Oxidation of Glucose and Nonesterified Fatty Acids." Journal of Nutrition 118, no. 8 (August 1, 1988): 1031–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jn/118.8.1031.

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Asad, Z., A. Chaudhary, and A. Awab. "ID: 64: REVERSIBLE BLINDNESS ASSOCIATED WITH DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS: A RARE COMBINATION." Journal of Investigative Medicine 64, no. 4 (March 22, 2016): 975.2–976. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jim-2016-000120.134.

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IntroductionA wide spectrum of ocular diseases is associated with diabetes mellitus (DM) and most of them lead to gradual loss of vision that is almost always irreversible. Sudden vision loss in severe diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) that is reversible with treatment of the metabolic abnormality is a very rare complication that has been reported three times previously.Case PresentationA 59 year-old male with Type 1 DM presented with altered consciousness, epigastric pain, hypothermia and sudden complete bilateral vision loss for three days. He was not complaint with insulin. There was no history o

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Kenmochi, Takashi, Masaaki Miyamoto, and Yoko Mullen. "Protection of Mouse Islet Isografts from Nonspecific Inflammatory Damage by Recipient Treatment with Nicotinamide and 15-Deoxyspergualin." Cell Transplantation 5, no. 1 (January 1996): 41–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096368979600500108.

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The major cause of primary nonfunction of transplanted islets is nonspecific inflammation associated with the transplantation procedures. Using mouse islet isografts, we attempted to prevent graft loss mediated by nonspecific inflammation using recipient treatment with nicotinamide (NA) and 15-deoxyspergualin (DSG). Newborn BALB/c islets, ranging in numbers between 1200 and 1500, were transplanted into syngeneic adult mice made diabetic by intravenous injection of 200 mg/kg streptozotocin. Recipient mice were divided into the following four groups, based on the treatment protocol of NA and DSG

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Justesen, Natasja Degn, Michael Stormly Hansen, Mads Radmer Jensen, Oliver Niels Klefter, Jane Maestri Brittain, and Steffen Hamann. "Bilateral Vertebral Artery Vasculitis—A Rare Manifestation of Giant Cell Arteritis and a Difficult Diagnosis Made Possible by 2-[18F]FDG PET/CT." Diagnostics 11, no. 5 (May 14, 2021): 879. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11050879.

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Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is the most common form of large vessel vasculitis. GCA is a medical and ophthalmological emergency, and rapid diagnosis and treatment with high-dose corticosteroids is critical in order to reduce the risk of stroke and sudden irreversible loss of vision. GCA can be difficult to diagnose due to insidious and unspecific symptoms—especially if typical superficial extracranial arteries are not affected. In these cases, verification of clinical diagnosis using temporal artery biopsy is not possible. This example illustrates the diagnostic value of hybrid imaging with 2-d

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Abdulsahib, Waleed K. "The Effect of Levamlodipine in Glucose-Induced Acute Model of Glaucoma in Rabbits." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 9, A (July 25, 2021): 505–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2021.6440.

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BACKGROUND: Loss of vision and irreversible blindness are the main consequences of glaucoma. There are two main types of glaucoma: Chronic and acute. AIM: This work aimed to evaluate the intraocular effect of levamlodipine on the acute model of glaucoma in rabbits. METHODS: Eighteen white albino rabbits of both sexes weighing about 2 kg. We divided them into three groups (six animals in each group) used in the experiment. We use the right eye to evaluate the effect of the test drug and used the left eye as a control (vehicle only). We used the first group to evaluate levamlodipine (0.25%), the

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Gill, M., R. C. Siddons, D. E. Beever, and J. B. Rowe. "Metabolism of lactic acid isomers in the rumen of silage-fed sheep." British Journal of Nutrition 55, no. 2 (March 1986): 399–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19860046.

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1. Four mature sheep were offered perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne, cv. S23) silage (885 g dry matter/d) at hourly intervals. The silage was well fermented with a pH of 4.0, a lactic acid content of 139 g/kg dry matter and an organic matter digestibility of 0.766.2. Continuous intraruminal infusions of14C-labelled sodium salts of [U-14C]acetic acid, [2-14C]propionic acid, [2-14C]butyric acid and D- and L-[U-14C]lactic acid and an intravenous infusion of [U-14C]glucose were made on separate occasions to estimate the fluxes of rumen acetate, propionate, butyrate and lactate as well as plasma g

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Lee, GJ, DW Hennessy, PJ Williamson, JV Nolan, TJ Kempton, and RA Leng. "Responses to protein meal supplements by lactating beef cattle given a low-quality pasture hay." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 36, no. 5 (1985): 729. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9850729.

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A feeding experiment (47 days) was undertaken to evaluate the role of protein meal supplements for Hereford cows given a low quality subtropical grass hay and suckling calves (mean age 37 � 2.2 days). The rates of supplementation were 0, 5.25, 10.5, 15.75, and 21.0 g pelleted protein meal /kg liveweight W0.75. The consumption of grass hay, and the estimated total metabolizable energy intake (MEI) by cows, were significantly (P < 0.01) increased by supplements of protein meal, and their rate of liveweight loss was reduced (P < 0.01). Unsupplemented cows lost 2.56 kg/day compared with a 0.

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Waterman, Richard C., Andrew J. Roberts, Thomas W. Geary, Elaine E. Grings, Leeson J. Alexander, and Michael D. MacNeil. "Effect of reduced heifer nutrition during in utero and post-weaning development on glucose and acetate kinetics." British Journal of Nutrition 106, no. 11 (June 21, 2011): 1702–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114511002224.

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Energetic efficiency was evaluated in composite bred heifers born from dams receiving 1·8 or 1·2 kg/d winter supplementation for approximately 80 d before parturition. Heifers were then developed post-weaning and randomly assigned to heifer development treatments of either control (100 %; ad libitum; n 8/year) or restricted (80 %; fed 80 % of supplementation fed to controls adjusted to a common body weight: n 8/year) in a 2-year study. A glucose tolerance test (GTT) and acetate irreversible loss test (AILT) were administered to heifers at the termination of a 140 d development period when the

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Ransom, Bruce R., Wolfgang Walz, Peter K. Davis, and Walter G. Carlini. "Anoxia-Induced Changes in Extracellular K+ and pH in Mammalian Central White Matter." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 12, no. 4 (July 1992): 593–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jcbfm.1992.83.

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In gray matter (GM), anoxia induces prominent extracellular ionic changes that are important in understanding the pathophysiology of this insult. White matter (WM) is also injured by anoxia but the accompanying changes in extracellular ions have not been studied. To provide such information, the time course and magnitude of anoxia-induced changes in extracellular K+ concentration ([K+]o) and extracellular pH (pHo) were measured in the isolated rat optic nerve, a representative central WM tract, using ion-selective microelectrodes. Anoxia produced less extreme changes in [K+]o and pHo in WM tha

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Fonseca, Guilherme Wesley Peixoto da, Jerneja Farkas, Eva Dora, Stephan von Haehling, and Mitja Lainscak. "Cancer Cachexia and Related Metabolic Dysfunction." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 7 (March 27, 2020): 2321. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21072321.

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Cancer cachexia is a complex multifactorial syndrome marked by a continuous depletion of skeletal muscle mass associated, in some cases, with a reduction in fat mass. It is irreversible by nutritional support alone and affects up to 74% of patients with cancer—dependent on the underlying type of cancer—and is associated with physical function impairment, reduced response to cancer-related therapy, and higher mortality. Organs, like muscle, adipose tissue, and liver, play an important role in the progression of cancer cachexia by exacerbating the pro- and anti-inflammatory response initially ac

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Chandankhede, Tejas P. "Case Report On Chronic Pancreatitis In Adult." Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation 2, no. 1 (July 12, 2022): 17–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.36647/jpri/02.01.a003.

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Introduction: Chronic pancreatitis is an inflammatory disease characterized by progressive destruction of the anatomy and function of the pancreas. The cells are replaced by tissue fibrosis with repeat attacks of pancreatitis. Chronic pancreatitis is an old inflammatory disease that Causes scarring of the pancreas and irreversible changes. Chronic pancreatitis causes abdominal pain and in some cases diabetes and large, bulky fatty stools. Clinical Findings: Abdominal pain, loss of appetite , vomiting , Fever .Diagnostic Evaluation : Bilirubin total : conjugated – 0.14, , blood test : RBS gluco

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Naeini, Seyed, Alireza Khalaj, Ali Abbaszadeh-Kasbi, and Seyed Miri. "Outcomes of Biliointestinal Bypass among Iranian Obese Patients." Surgery Journal 04, no. 04 (October 2018): e197-e200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1673662.

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Background There are several surgical approaches to treat obesity not cured with medical approaches. Each method has its advantages and complications. In here, we have conducted a study to evaluate complications of biliointestinal bypass surgery (BIBP). Methods A prospective study was conducted in a private hospital from 2002 to 2016. Those patients, not previously operated for morbid obesity, were eligible. Mean follow-up period was 89 months ( ± 54 months; range: 73–108 months). Main outcome measures were weight, BMI (body mass index), concentrations of blood lipids and glucose, liver transa

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Tekkök, Selva Baltan, ZuCheng Ye, and Bruce R. Ransom. "Excitotoxic Mechanisms of Ischemic Injury in Myelinated White Matter." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 27, no. 9 (February 14, 2007): 1540–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.jcbfm.9600455.

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Axonal injury and dysfunction in white matter (WM) are caused by many neurologic diseases including ischemia. We characterized ischemic injury and the role of glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity in a purely myelinated WM tract, the mouse optic nerve (MON). For the first time, excitotoxic WM injury was directly correlated with glutamate release. Oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) caused duration-dependent loss of axon function in optic nerves from young adult mice. Protection of axon function required blockade of both α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid (AMPA) and kainate recep

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Güven, Didem, Ana Dapena, Boran Kartal, Markus C. Schmid, Bart Maas, Katinka van de Pas-Schoonen, Seval Sozen, et al. "Propionate Oxidation by and Methanol Inhibition of Anaerobic Ammonium-Oxidizing Bacteria." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 71, no. 2 (February 2005): 1066–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.71.2.1066-1071.2005.

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ABSTRACT Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) is a recently discovered microbial pathway and a cost-effective way to remove ammonium from wastewater. Anammox bacteria have been described as obligate chemolithoautotrophs. However, many chemolithoautotrophs (i.e., nitrifiers) can use organic compounds as a supplementary carbon source. In this study, the effect of organic compounds on anammox bacteria was investigated. It was shown that alcohols inhibited anammox bacteria, while organic acids were converted by them. Methanol was the most potent inhibitor, leading to complete and irreversible lo

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Milano, G. D., A. Hotston-Moore, and G. E. Lobley. "Influence of hepatic ammonia removal on ureagenesis, amino acid utilization and energy metabolism in the ovine liver." British Journal of Nutrition 83, no. 3 (March 2000): 307–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114500000386.

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The mass transfers of O2, glucose, NH3, urea and amino acids across the portal-drained viscera (PDV) and the liver were quantified, by arterio–venous techniques, during the last 4 h of a 100 h infusion of 0 (basal), 150 or 400 μmol NH4HCO3/min into the mesenteric vein of three sheep given 800 g grass pellets/d and arranged in a 3 × 3 Latin-square design. Urea irreversible loss rate (ILR) was also determined by continuous infusion of [14C]urea over the last 52 h of each experimental period. PDV and liver movements of glucose, O2and amino acids were unaltered by NH4HCO3administration, although t

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Bozkurt, Devrim, Ender Hur, Burcu Ulkuden, Murat Sezak, Hasim Nar, Ozlem Purclutepe, Sait Sen, and Soner Duman. "Can N-Acetylcysteine Preserve Peritoneal Function and Morphology in Encapsulating Peritoneal Sclerosis?" Peritoneal Dialysis International: Journal of the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis 29, no. 2_suppl (February 2009): 202–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089686080902902s41.

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Long-term use of the peritoneum as a dialysis membrane results in progressive irreversible dysfunction, described as peritoneal fibrosis. Oxidative stress during peritoneal dialysis has been established in many studies. Generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by conventional peritoneal dialysis solutions, regardless of whether produced by high glucose, angiotensin II, or glucose degradation products may be responsible for progressive membrane dysfunction. The well-known antioxidant molecule N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is capable of direct scavenging of ROS. The aim of the present study was to i

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Esumi, K., M. Nishida, D. Shaw, T. W. Smith, and J. D. Marsh. "NADH measurements in adult rat myocytes during simulated ischemia." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 260, no. 6 (June 1, 1991): H1743—H1752. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1991.260.6.h1743.

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In isolated adult rat myocytes, we tested the hypothesis that metabolic inhibition and simulated ischemia regulate the NADH/NAD+ redox couple with concomitant impairment of energy-dependent process, including contraction and maintenance of high-energy phosphate stores. We developed a method to examine the relationship among the redox couple, ATP content, and contractile performance in single cells under several conditions analogous to myocardial ischemia, with and without reperfusion. Myocytes were paced at 1 Hz while cell contraction and NADH fluorescence were determined simultaneously for si

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Joshi, I., and R. D. Andrew. "Imaging Anoxic Depolarization During Ischemia-Like Conditions in the Mouse Hemi-Brain Slice." Journal of Neurophysiology 85, no. 1 (January 1, 2001): 414–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.2001.85.1.414.

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Focal ischemia evokes a sudden loss of membrane potential in neurons and glia of the ischemic core termed the anoxic depolarization (AD). In metabolically compromised regions with partial blood flow, peri-infarct depolarizations (PIDs) further drain energy reserves, promoting acute and delayed neuronal damage. Visualizing and quantifying the AD and PIDs and their acute deleterious effects are difficult in the intact animal. In the present study, we imaged intrinsic optical signals to measure changes in light transmittance in the mouse coronal hemi-brain slice during AD generation. The AD was i

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Parish, Stan, Jennifer Wu, and Rita Effros. "Maintaining CD28 expression prevents replicative senescence in human CD 8 T cells (50.23)." Journal of Immunology 184, no. 1_Supplement (April 1, 2010): 50.23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.184.supp.50.23.

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Abstract The irreversible loss of expression of the CD28 costimulatory receptor is one of the signature changes in human T cells that are driven to the end stage of replicative senescence by chronic stimulation in cell culture. Besides activation, CD28 is also required for glucose metabolism, stabilization of various cytokine mRNAs, and, importantly, for optimal upregulation of telomerase, the enzyme that stabilizes telomeres. Increased proportions of senescent CD8 T cells are associated with decreased vaccine responsiveness and early mortality in the elderly, and, during HIV disease, with mor

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Winklehner, Michael, Jan Bauer, Verena Endmayr, Carmen Schwaiger, Gerda Ricken, Masakatsu Motomura, Shunsuke Yoshimura, et al. "Paraneoplastic Cerebellar Degeneration With P/Q-VGCC vs Yo Autoantibodies." Neurology - Neuroimmunology Neuroinflammation 9, no. 4 (July 2022): e200006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/nxi.0000000000200006.

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Background and ObjectivesParaneoplastic cerebellar degeneration (PCD) is characterized by a widespread loss of Purkinje cells (PCs) and may be associated with autoantibodies against intracellular antigens such as Yo or cell surface neuronal antigens such as the P/Q-type voltage-gated calcium channel (P/Q-VGCC). Although the intracellular location of the target antigen in anti–Yo-PCD supports a T cell–mediated pathology, the immune mechanisms in anti–P/Q-VGCC-PCD remain unclear. In this study, we compare neuropathologic characteristics of PCD with anti–P/Q-VGCC and anti-Yo autoantibodies in an

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Pollock, C. "Pathogenesis of Peritoneal Sclerosis." International Journal of Artificial Organs 28, no. 2 (February 2005): 90–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/039139880502800203.

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Peritoneal sclerosis is an almost invariable consequence of peritoneal dialysis. In most circumstances it is “simple” sclerosis, manifesting clinically with an increasing peritoneal transport rate and loss of ultrafiltration capacity. In contrast, encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis is a life threatening and usually irreversible condition, associated with bowel obstruction, malnutrition and death. It is unknown whether common etiological factors underlie the development of these 2 clinically and pathologically distinct forms of peritoneal sclerosis. The majority of studies to date have investig

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ODDY, V. H., S. R. EDWARDS, H. M. WARREN, P. A. SPECK, P. J. NICHOLLS, and S. A. NEUTZE. "Interrelationships between amino acid and glucose metabolism in lambs of different dietary history supplemented with rumen escape protein." Journal of Agricultural Science 128, no. 1 (February 1997): 105–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859696003917.

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Changes in amino acid and glucose metabolism in response to increments of rumen escape protein (REP) were studied in groups of lambs of three differing dietary histories and consequent weights, but similar ages. Crossbred wether lambs (Merino × (Border Leicester × Merino)) were fed to obtain three distinct growth patterns. The LW group (n = 15) were offered a low quality roughage diet throughout the experiment. The MW group (n = 19) were offered a high quality mixed diet followed by the same low quality diet as LW lambs. The HW group (n = 8) were offered a high quality mixed diet throughout. A

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Sabina, Richard L., Nancy J. Wandersee, and Cheryl A. Hillery. "AMP Deaminase Activation Contributes to Accelerated Adenine Nucleotide Pool Depletion during Periods of Energy Imbalance in Sickle Cell Erythrocytes." Blood 106, no. 11 (November 16, 2005): 1671. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v106.11.1671.1671.

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Abstract Mature erythrocytes are unable to synthesize AMP from IMP due to the developmental loss of adenylosuccinate synthetase, which also effectively prevents the synthesis of adenine nucleotides from circulating hypoxanthine, the major salvageable purine compound. Consequently, AMP deaminase (AMPD) activity must be tightly regulated in order to avoid irreversible depletion of the erythrocyte adenine nucleotide pool during periods of energy imbalance. However, increased intracellular calcium promotes activation of erythrocyte AMPD (AMPD3) through a protein-protein interaction with calmodulin

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Zhang, Qiu-Yan, Zhi-Jun Wang, Lei Miao, Ying Wang, Ling-Ling Chang, Wei Guo, and Yi-Zhun Zhu. "Neuroprotective Effect of SCM-198 through Stabilizing Endothelial Cell Function." Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2019 (November 11, 2019): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/7850154.

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Leonurine, also named SCM-198, which was extracted from Herba leonuri, displayed a protective effect on various cardiovascular and brain diseases, like ischemic stroke. Ischemic stroke which is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality, ultimately caused irreversible neuron damage. This study is aimed at exploring the possible therapeutic potential of SCM-198 in the protection against postischemic neuronal injury and possible underlying mechanisms. A transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) rat model was utilized to measure the protective effect of SCM-198 on neurons. TEM was used

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Webster, Hollie, Gabriel Keeble, Bernard Dell, John Fosu-Nyarko, Y. Mukai, Paula Moolhuijzen, Matthew Bellgard, et al. "Genome-level identification of cell wall invertase genes in wheat for the study of drought tolerance." Functional Plant Biology 39, no. 7 (2012): 569. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp12083.

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In wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) drought-induced pollen sterility is a major contributor to grain yield loss and is caused by the downregulation of the cell wall invertase gene IVR1. The IVR1 gene catalyses the irreversible hydrolysis of sucrose to glucose and fructose, the essential energy substrates which support pollen development. Downregulation of IVR1 in response to drought is isoform specific and shows variation in temporal and tissue-specific expression. IVR1 is now prompting interest as a candidate gene for molecular marker development to screen wheat germplasm for improved drought tol

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Baran, Natalia, Shraddha Patel, Alessia Lodi, Jose Enriquez Ortiz, Yogesh Dhungana, Meghan Collins, Anna Skwarska, et al. "Accumulation of Intracellular L-Lactate and Irreversible Disruption of Mitochondrial Membrane Potential upon Dual Inhibition of Oxphos and Lactate Transporter MCT-1 Induce Synthetic Lethality in T-ALL Via Mitochondrial Exhaustion." Blood 138, Supplement 1 (November 5, 2021): 680. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2021-152845.

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Abstract Metabolic reprogramming is recognized as one of the key hallmarks in acquiring aggressive phenotype and chemoresistance in solid tumors and hematologic malignancies. We have previously demonstrated that T-ALL are characterized by significant dependency on oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) with ability to utilize glutamine either in oxidative or reductive directions of TCA cycle, when mitochondria are blocked by Complex I Inhibitor (Baran N, et al. ASH 2020). To survive upon Complex I blockade leukemic cells require functional monocarboxylate transporter MCT1, that enables excretion o

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