Relevant bibliographies by topics / Glutaral – Physiological effect

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Academic literature on the topic 'Glutaral – Physiological effect'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 12 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Glutaral – Physiological effect"

1

Jeffrey, R. F., T. M. MacDonald, and M. R. Lee. "A comparison of the renal actions of γ-l-glutamyl-l-dopa and γ-l-glutamyl-l-tyrosine in normal man." Clinical Science 74, no. 1 (January 1, 1988): 37–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs0740037.

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1. The renal responses to the dipeptides γ-l-glutamyl-l-dopa (gludopa) and γ-l-glutamyl-l-tyrosine (glutyrosine) were compared when given intravenously in six normal male volunteers. 2. Gludopa is natriuretic and diuretic at a dose of 25 μg min−1 kg−1. At the same dose, glutyrosine had no effect on the volume or sodium content of the urine. 3. There was a 400-600-fold increase in urine dopamine output after gludopa; there was no conversion of glutyrosine to dopamine. 4. Gludopa significantly inhibited plasma renin activity, whereas with glutyrosine there was a non-significant increase. 5. Gludopa is a potent pro-drug for renal dopamine production and exerts natriuretic and hormonal effects. Glutyrosine appears to be inactive. The results support the contention that circulating l-dopa is the important physiological precursor for renal dopamine.
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2

McKinney, R. A. "Physiological roles of spine motility: development, plasticity and disorders." Biochemical Society Transactions 33, no. 6 (October 26, 2005): 1299–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0331299.

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The vast majority of excitatory connections in the hippocampus are made on dendritic spines. Both dendritic spines and molecules within the membrane are able to move, but the physiological role of these movements is unclear. In the developing brain, spines show highly dynamic behaviour thought to facilitate new synaptic connections. Dynamic movements also occur in adults but the role of this movement is unclear. We have studied the effects of the most important excitatory neurotransmitter, glutamat, and found receptor activation to enhance movement of molecules within the spine membrane. This action of glutamate may be important in regulating the trafficking of neurotransmitter receptors that mediate change in synaptic function. In addition, we have studied the dynamic interactions between pre- and postsynaptic structures labelled with FM 4-64 and a membrane-targeted GFP (green fluorescent protein), respectively, in hippocampal slice cultures under conditions of increased activity, such as epilepsy. Our findings suggest a novel form of activity-dependent synaptic plasticity where spontaneous glutamate release is sufficient to trigger changes in the hippocampal microcircuitry by attracting neighbouring spines responsive to an enhanced level of extracellular glutamate.
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Yassin, Maged M., and Mohammed S. Al-Najjar. "Hepatic and Renal Toxicity of Methamidophos in Male Domestic Rabbits: Physiological Aspect." Recent Advances in Biology and Medicine 6 (2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.18639/rabm.2020.980000.

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Toxicity studies of methamidophos on the physiological aspects of mammalian organs are limited in the literature. This study aimed to assess hepatic and renal functions in response to a sublethal dose of methamidophos in male domestic rabbits. A daily dose of 1/10 LD50 methamidophos was given orally to rabbits for 6 weeks. Control animals were given distilled water. Blood samples were collected and analyzed weekly. Serum glucose and bilirubin were increased upon methamidophos intake versus control, with the significant change commenced from the second and fifth weeks, respectively. In general, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, γ-glutamyl transferase, and alkaline phosphatase showed significant elevation throughout the whole experiment. Conversely, cholinesterase was significantly inhibited all over the experimental intervals studied. Serum urea and creatinine showed a significant increase whereas total protein, albumin, and globulin exhibited a significant decrease during the last five weeks of the experiment. Hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia were also observed in methamidophostreated rabbits. Methamidophos exposure at a sublethal dose had a potential toxic effect on liver and kidney functions as indicated by significant alterations in their biomarkers. Such findings can then be extrapolated to human beings to assess the potential hazards in human populations due to methamidophos exposure.
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4

Hervé, Mireille, Audrey Boniface, Stanislav Gobec, Didier Blanot, and Dominique Mengin-Lecreulx. "Biochemical Characterization and Physiological Properties of Escherichia coli UDP-N-Acetylmuramate:l-Alanyl-γ-d-Glutamyl-meso- Diaminopimelate Ligase." Journal of Bacteriology 189, no. 11 (March 23, 2007): 3987–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00087-07.

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ABSTRACT The UDP-N-acetylmuramate:l-alanyl-γ-d-glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelate ligase (murein peptide ligase [Mpl]) is known to be a recycling enzyme allowing reincorporation into peptidoglycan (murein) of the tripeptide l-alanyl-γ-d-glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelate released during the maturation and constant remodeling of this bacterial cell wall polymer that occur during cell growth and division. Mpl adds this peptide to UDP-N-acetylmuramic acid, thereby providing an economical additional source of UDP-MurNAc-tripeptide available for de novo peptidoglycan biosynthesis. The Mpl enzyme from Escherichia coli was purified to homogeneity as a His-tagged form, and its kinetic properties and parameters were determined. Mpl was found to accept tri-, tetra-, and pentapeptides as substrates in vitro with similar efficiencies, but it accepted the dipeptide l-Ala-d-Glu and l-Ala very poorly. Replacement of meso-diaminopimelic acid by l-Lys resulted in a significant decrease in the catalytic efficacy. The effects of disruption of the E. coli mpl gene and/or the ldcA gene encoding the ld-carboxypeptidase on peptidoglycan metabolism were investigated. The differences in the pools of UDP-MurNAc peptides and of free peptides between the wild-type and mutant strains demonstrated that the recycling activity of Mpl is not restricted to the tripeptide and that tetra- and pentapeptides are also directly reused by this process in vivo. The relatively broad substrate specificity of the Mpl ligase indicates that it is an interesting potential target for antibacterial compounds.
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Obeng-Gyasi, Emmanuel. "Cumulative Effects of Low-Level Lead Exposure and Chronic Physiological Stress on Hepatic Dysfunction—A Preliminary Study." Medical Sciences 8, no. 3 (August 5, 2020): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medsci8030030.

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Chronic physiological stress and hepatic injury were explored in this cross-sectional study using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007–2010. Lead exposure was measured using Blood Lead Levels (BLL), which were divided into quartiles of exposure based on the distribution within the database. Allostatic load (AL), a variable representing chronic physiological stress, was operationalized using ten clinical markers. The geometric mean values for markers of liver injury of interest (a) Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), (b) Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), (c) Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), and (d) Gamma glutamyl-transferase (GGT) were explored in quartiles of lead exposure. Associations between AL and AST, ALT, ALP, and GGT among those exposed to lead were analyzed using linear regression models. In examining lead exposure in increasing quartiles, the geometric mean of the liver injury markers showed significant elevations as lead exposure levels increased. Simple linear regression revealed AL was positively associated with several markers of hepatic injury in all degrees of lead exposure. This study demonstrates the potential dangers of social and environmental exposures to liver health.
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6

Hirota, Yoshihisa, and Yoshitomo Suhara. "New Aspects of Vitamin K Research with Synthetic Ligands: Transcriptional Activity via SXR and Neural Differentiation Activity." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 12 (June 20, 2019): 3006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20123006.

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Vitamin K is classified into three homologs depending on the side-chain structure, with 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoqumone as the basic skeleton. These homologs are vitamin K1 (phylloquinone: PK), derived from plants with a phythyl side chain; vitamin K2 (menaquinone-n: MK-n), derived from intestinal bacteria with an isoprene side chain; and vitamin K3 (menadione: MD), a synthetic product without a side chain. Vitamin K homologs have physiological effects, including in blood coagulation and in osteogenic activity via γ-glutamyl carboxylase and are used clinically. Recent studies have revealed that vitamin K homologs are converted to MK-4 by the UbiA prenyltransferase domain-containing protein 1 (UBIAD1) in vivo and accumulate in all tissues. Although vitamin K is considered to have important physiological effects, its precise activities and mechanisms largely remain unclear. Recent research on vitamin K has suggested various new roles, such as transcriptional activity as an agonist of steroid and xenobiotic nuclear receptor and differentiation-inducing activity in neural stem cells. In this review, we describe synthetic ligands based on vitamin K and exhibit that the strength of biological activity can be controlled by modification of the side chain part.
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7

Amaral, Ana Lucia, Ederlan Souza Ferreira, Maraiza Aparecida Silva, Valdir Augusto Neves, and Aureluce Demonte. "The Vicilin protein (Vigna radiata L.) of mung bean as a functional food." Nutrition & Food Science 47, no. 6 (November 13, 2017): 907–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/nfs-05-2017-0089.

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Purpose The hypocholesterolemic activity of legume vicilins and the structural homology among mung bean, soybean and adzuki bean vicilins (8S) suggest that this protein may play a role in lipid metabolism. Thus, in the present study, the authors aim to isolate the mung bean vicilin and assess its in vitro effect on 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase (HMG CoAr), the enzyme responsible for endogenous cholesterol synthesis. Design/methodology/approach Chromatographic and electrophoretic characterization identified the molecular mass and polypeptide composition of mung bean vicilin. The hydrolysate of this globulin was obtained by sequential hydrolysis with pepsin-pancreatin and the fragments were characterized by molecular filtration, SDS PAGE and HPLC. Findings The molecular mass of vicilin was estimated as 158.23 at ± 10 kDa and SDS-PAGE revealed that the 8S globulin protein comprises four bands corresponding to polypeptides of 61, 48, 29 and 26 kDa. Fractions 10, 12, 14, 22 and 32 of the eluate from Sephadex G-25 exhibited significant inhibition of HMG CoAr. Originality/value The correspondence of the chromatographic profile of the peptide fractions with hypocholesterolemic activity suggests that the composition and chemical structure of these peptides are essential to their physiological effectiveness. The beneficial effects of mung bean vicilin identified in this study will support the characterization of this protein as a functional compound.
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8

dos Santos Lacerda, Denise, Mariana Garbin de Almeida, Cláudia Teixeira, Alyne de Jesus, Édison da Silva Pereira Júnior, Patrícia Martins Bock, João Pegas Henriques, Rosane Gomez, Caroline Dani, and Cláudia Funchal. "Biochemical and Physiological Parameters in Rats Fed with High-Fat Diet: The Protective Effect of Chronic Treatment with Purple Grape Juice (Bordo Variety)." Beverages 4, no. 4 (December 4, 2018): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/beverages4040100.

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High-fat-diet (HFD) has been related to metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. Consumption of grapes and their byproducts containing phenolic compounds has been reported due to the benefits they produce for human health. The purpose of this study was to investigate the antioxidant and protective effect of chronic intake of purple grape juice on certain biochemical and physiological changes promoted by the consumption of HFD. Forty male rats were randomly divided into four groups to receive standard or HFD diet and/or conventional (CGJ) or organic grape juice (OGJ) for three months. Dietary intake, body weight gain, cardiometabolic parameters, and serum lipoperoxidation were investigated. Results showed that consumption of CGJ and OGJ changed the pattern of food and drink intake of the animals. There was a reduction in the body weight of animals that consumed grape juices and an increase in the weight gain in HFD and OGJ rats. HFD increased abdominal fat and the abdominal fat/weight ratio, and both grape juices prevented these modifications. HFD increased hepatic enzymes levels (aminotransferase (AST) and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT)) and reduced urea. Purple grape juices prevented some of these changes. HFD enhanced lipid peroxidation (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS)) in serum and CGJ and OGJ prevented this increase. The consumption of purple grape juice has the potential to prevent and ameliorate most of the alterations provoked by HFD, therefore regular intake of grape products could promote beneficial effects.
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9

Gandra, Jefferson Rodrigues, Jose Esler de Freitas Junior, Milton Maturna Filho, Rafael Villela Barletta, Lenita Camargo Verdurico, and Francisco Palma Rennó. "Soybean oil and calcium salts of fatty acids as fat sources for Holstein dairy cows in transition period." Revista Brasileira de Saúde e Produção Animal 15, no. 1 (March 2014): 83–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1519-99402014000100012.

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This study aimed to evaluate the effects of using different lipid sources in diets for dairy cows during the transition period and early lactation on productive performance and physiological parameters in Holstein cows. The cows were fed with the following diets: 1) control; 2) Refined soybean oil; 3) Calcium salts of unsaturated fatty acids (Megalac-E). Diets were formulated to meet the nutritional requirements of cows during the pre-partum and postpartum period. The experimental diets affected the dry matter intake, body weight, body condition score, and energy balance in the postpartum period. The experimental diets did not affect the biochemical parameters in serum: glucose, total protein, albumin, urea, serum urea nitrogen, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, non-esterified fatty acids, β-hydroxybutyrate, aspartate aminotransferase, γ-glutamyl transferase, alkaline phosphatase, also not being observed differences between the contrasts analyzed. The lipid sources soybean oil and calcium salts not directly influence the plasmatic physiological parameters of dairy cows in the period transition. But, fat supplementation in the transition period resulted in a better metabolic status and productive performance, mainly improving energy balance post-partum
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10

Murphy, Christopher, Evelyne Deplazes, Charles G. Cranfield, and Alvaro Garcia. "The Role of Structure and Biophysical Properties in the Pleiotropic Effects of Statins." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 22 (November 19, 2020): 8745. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21228745.

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Statins are a class of drugs used to lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and are amongst the most prescribed medications worldwide. Most statins work as a competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGR), but statin intolerance from pleiotropic effects have been proposed to arise from non-specific binding due to poor enzyme-ligand sensitivity. Yet, research into the physicochemical properties of statins, and their interactions with off-target sites, has not progressed much over the past few decades. Here, we present a concise perspective on the role of statins in lowering serum cholesterol levels, and how their reported interactions with phospholipid membranes offer a crucial insight into the mechanism of some of the more commonly observed pleiotropic effects of statin administration. Lipophilicity, which governs hepatoselectivity, is directly related to the molecular structure of statins, which dictates interaction with and transport through membranes. The structure of statins is therefore a clinically important consideration in the treatment of hypercholesterolaemia. This review integrates the recent biophysical studies of statins with the literature on the physiological effects and provides new insights into the mechanistic cause of statin pleiotropy, and prospective means of understanding the cholesterol-independent effects of statins.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Glutaral – Physiological effect"

1

Stadelman, Mary Selvarani. "Effect of glutaraldehyde on chicken drumsticks inoculated with various Salmonellae." 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/27549.

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