Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Glutathion peroxydase'
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Furling, Denis. "Séléno-glutathion peroxydase-1 et neuroprotection." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq25406.pdf.
Full textGamain, Benoît. "Mise en evidence d'une glutathion peroxydase endogene chez plasmodium falciparum." Lille 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LIL2T007.
Full textChabory, Eléonore. "Caractérisation fonctionnelle de la glutathione peroxydase 5 murine." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00725945.
Full textROCHER, CORINNE. "Expression et activite enzymatique de mutants de la glutathion peroxydase seleniee." Paris 7, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA077169.
Full textFaucher, Karine. "Clonage de l'ADN complémentaire de la glutathion peroxydase cytosolique humaine, effets de la surexpression de l'enzyme : -in vitro : cellules endotheliales et musculaires lisses - in vivo : souris transgeniques APOE-/-." Limoges, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LIMO105E.
Full textNavrot, Nicolas Jacquot Jean-Pierre. "Etude fonctionnelle des glutathion peroxydases de peuplier, une famille de peroxydases thiorédoxine-dépendantes." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. http://www.scd.uhp-nancy.fr/docnum/SCD_T_2006_0132_NAVROT.pdf.
Full textRoche-Lestienne, Catherine. "Caractérisation génétique et moléculaire d'une glutathion peroxydase séléno-dépendante de Schistosoma mansoni." Lille 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LIL10124.
Full textVaugeois, Florence. "Glutathion péroxydases : intérêt en physiopathologie." Paris 5, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA05P257.
Full textSaudrais, Élodie. "Mécanismes de neuroprotection liés au glutathion dans la barrière sang - liquide céphalorachidien choroïdienne au cours du développement périnatal." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE1026/document.
Full textMore than 50 % of intellectual or sensory-motor deficits in children are due to perinatal exposure to oxidative stress or toxicants. Understanding brain protection mechanisms during development is crucial to design therapeutic strategies to address these disabilitating disorders. The choroid plexuses, forming an interface between the blood and the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), have a high detoxifying capacity, suggesting their involvement in neuroprotection. The nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway can modulate the expression of several genes encoding for antioxidant proteins and detoxifying enzymes. We studied the ability of several choroidal enzyme families to protect the brain fluid environment during the postnatal period in rat and explored whether this protection can be enhanced by Nrf2 pathway. We focused on glutathione transferases (Gsts), which conjugate toxic compounds to glutathione, and glutathione peroxidases (Gpxs), which detoxify reactive oxygen species. Gst and Gpx specific activities were high during the postnatal period in choroid plexuses compared to the cerebral cortex, and their neuroprotective functions were efficient. The Nrf2 factor is expressed in choroid plexuses during the perinatal period. Treatment of rat pups with Nrf2 activator dimethylfumarate induced Nrf2 nuclear translocation and increased Gst activities in choroid plexus tissues. The dimethylfumarate treatment resulted in a large decrease of the blood-to-CSF permeability of a prototypical Gst substrate. These data substantiate the early neuroprotective functions of choroid plexuses, which can be enhanced upon treatment with clinically used pharmacological compounds
Januel, Caroline. "Stress oxydant au niveau des plaquettes sanguines humaines dans le contexte du diabète : étude du glutathion et de la glutathion peroxydase 4." Lyon, INSA, 2003. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2003ISAL0024/these.pdf.
Full textPlatelets contribute to the pathogenesis and progression of vascular complications in diabetes. One of the consequences of hyperglycaemia is oxidative stress which accelerates glycation of proteins. The glycation of platelet cytosolic glutathione peroxidase (cGPx or GPx1) has been reported in type 1 diabetics and results in a decreased activity. Moreover, platelet glutathione (GSH) concentration has been found to be lower. In this context, two platelet antioxidant species, GSH and “phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase” (PHGPx ou GPx4) were studied. GSH is a major endogenous antioxidant and is a cosubstrate of several enzymes including GPx. GPx4 catalyzes reduction of diverse hydroperoxides including phospholipid hydroperoxides and thus protects membranes against oxidative damage. The aim of our study is to better understand the pro/antioxidant balance in diabetic platelets. The present study shows that in vitro GSH can be glycated and interestingly, the glycated GSH fails to be a cosubstrate for GPx1. Thus, glycation of GSH might contribute to the platelet decreased antioxidant defenses that we have observed in diabetics. In addition, we have characterized platelet GPx4 and studied its subcellular localization by several methods (enzymatic assay and immunodetection). Setting up the synthesis of a specific substrate of GPx4 (hydroperoxy derivatives of phosphatidylcholine), the platelet GPx4 activity assay and western blot analyses allowed us to provide the evidence of GPx4 in human platelets. In addition, our data show a cytosolic, membrane and mitochondrial localization. Although GPx4 activity has been detected using either with cysteine, mercaptoethanol or dithiols as cosubstrate, our results support that GSH is the most effective cosubstrate. Finally, we have examined lipid metabolism and pro/antioxidant status of diabetic platelets. Despite a good glycemic control and in the absence of any cardiovascular complications of diabetic patients, an increased platelet oxidative stress was detected (increase of platelet MDA levels, decrease of vitamin E level and GPx activities). Moreover, our results show an increased platelet aggregation and basal arachidonic acid metabolism. It could be hypothesized that an increased of arachidonic acid release, via an activation of cytosolic phospholipase A2, mightly partly be responsible for platelet hyperactivity is diabetes
Cossette, Chantal. "Rôle de la glutathion peroxydase dans la réponse cellulaire aux rayons ultraviolets B." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/mq25535.pdf.
Full textIsabelle, St-Pierre. "Étude des glutathion peroxydases dans le placenta de femmes atteintes de prééclampsie." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/18802.
Full textBillmann, Michel. "Activités biologiques et intérêts thérapeutiques du sélénium." Strasbourg 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986STR10572.
Full textDe, Oliveira Bouvière Jessica. "Rôle de la sélénoprotéine P et de la glutathion peroxydase 3 dans le phénotype des macrophages et la régénération musculaire." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE1167/document.
Full textMacrophages can go through transitions between pro and anti-inflammatory states, one process called polarization skewing. Molecules secreted by macrophages are able to induce different metabolic profiles. Transcriptomic analyses of human pro and anti-inflammatory macrophages identified new molecules with a secretory peptide. Selenoproteins were one of the most expressed in anti-inflammatory macrophages. Thus, we evaluate the respective roles of selenoproteins on macrophage polarization parameters in inflammation and their implication in regenerative processes. Once established that cytokines largely spur macrophage transitions we used IFN-gamma and IL10 to explore these different inflammatory profiles in vitro. Bone marrow derived macrophages from WT and selenoproteins KO models were polarized with both cytokines to obtain a pro and anti-inflammatory phenotype, respectively. Our results showed that without selenoproteins, macrophages had impairment of their capacity to switch from one activation state to another as compared with the control, emphasizing the importance of these molecules to control macrophage transitional states. The cardiotoxin injury model was use to in vivo examine the macrophages capability to switch their phenotype during skeletal muscle regeneration. Three days after an injury pro is replaced by anti-inflammatory population, as has already been shown by flow cytometry analysis. However, macrophages from selenoproteins KO presented three-fold increase of pro-inflammatory macrophages while anti-inflammatory population decreased, indicating that they did not acquire an anti-inflammatory phenotype. In addition, we evaluate the macrophage function in absence of selenoproteins. After polarization with cytokines, experiments demonstrated that WT anti-inflammatory macrophages promoted myoblast fusion, whereas selenoproteins KO were not able to sustain their fusion. In conclusion, selenoproteins modulate macrophage polarization implicating their ability to acquire different phenotypes in vitro and in vivo as well as their effects on myoblast fusion
Hamdi, Yosr. "Interactions entre les gènes des enzymes antioxydantes et leurs relations avec le cancer du sein." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25881/25881.pdf.
Full textCossu-Leguille, Carole. "Activités de systèmes antioxydants chez Unio tumidus, bivalve dulçaquicole en conditions physiologiques et de stress chimique." Metz, 1996. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1996/Leguille_Cossu.Carole.SMZ9654.pdf.
Full textThe subject of this research concerned the use of biomarkers for the control of the health of exposed populations in the aquatic environment. We have been involved in the study of antioxidant systems as biomarkers for toxicity. Antioxidant systems can neutalize chemical reactive species produced by the endogenous metabolism, but also by xenobiotics. The different antioxidant parametres we have been studying are the activities of glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, catalase and reduced and oxidized glutathione levels. Those different antioxidant activities were measured in frehwater bivalves, Unio tumidus, in physiological conditions and during a stress induced by chemicals. There were no significant differences between the basal levels measured in the males and the femelles. The season (spring and automn) did not seem to have any influence on the antioxidant parameters, except for (i) the glutathione reductase activities in the digestive glands and (ii) the catalase activities in the gills ; both were weaker during the spring than during the automn. The antioxidant activities were generaly smaller in the gills compared to the digestive glands. When the bivalves were exposed to a stress, in the laboratory or in situ during field experimentations, we have noticed that glutathione peroxidase selenium-dependent and glutathione reductase activities as well as reduced glutathione levels were sensitives and may be candidates as biomarkers for toxicity. Those parameters were decreased in the digestives glands as in the gills when bivalves were exposed in the laboratory to chemicals as copper and thiram, but also during field experimentations when the organisms were transfered in areas polluted by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) and polychlorobiphenyls (pcbs). The decreases of those parametres may traduce some toxic effects due to xenobiotics. But it is necessary to study the relationships between the antioxidant responses and the contamination levels in oder to know the meaning of the induction or the inhibition of those antioxidant activities
Pons, Eric. "Etude des mécanismes moléculaires du contrôle transcriptionnel de l'expression du gène de la glutathion peroxydase 5 dans l'épididyme murin." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003CLF21439.
Full textBoutet, Marianne. "Étude des glutathion peroxydases -1 et -4 dans les circulations sanguines des femmes prééclamptiques et de leurs fœtus." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/20583.
Full textGouaze, Valérie. "Rôle de la glutathion peroxydase-1 dans la signalisation cytotoxique : relations stress oxydant-voie du céramide." Toulouse 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOU30124.
Full textBarrière, Guislaine. "Effets de la transfection des cellules HT29 clone 19A par l'ADNc de glutathion peroxydase phospholipidique humaine sur le métabolisme de l'acide arachidonique." Limoges, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LIMO104D.
Full textBilodeau, Jean-François. "Étude des effets de l'hyperoxie sur le cycle cellulaire dans des cellules surexprimant la glutathion peroxydase-1." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0022/NQ51250.pdf.
Full textSelles, Benjamin. "Les glutathion peroxydases et protéine disulfure isomérases de peuplier : potentialités du repliement thiorédoxine pour la catalyse des réactions redox." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NAN10028/document.
Full textProtein activity and folding can be regulated by post-translational modifications that can impact on their physiological functions. One of these is the formation/reduction of disulfide bridges. The aim of the present work is to study the structure-function relationship of protein members of the thioredoxin superfamily, the protein disulfide isomerases (PDI) and the glutathione peroxidases (Gpx).A precise biochemical study has allowed us to demonstrate that this enzyme is an efficient peroxynitrite scavenger, a new finding for this type of protein and allowed investigating several steps of the Gpx5 catalytic mechanism (i.e. sulfenic acid formation, structural changes between reduce dand oxidized forms, Trx-mediated recycling). We also demonstrate that the dimer form of Gpx5 is not absolutely required for peroxide reduction but probably involved in peroxide specificity. Finally, the capability of the peroxidatic cysteine to be overoxidized brings some new clues in favor of an additional signaling function for Gpx5.Concerning PDIs, a detailed phylogenetic analysis of photosynthetic organisms allowed us to identify 9 classes of PDIs and to propose a new nomenclature that fits all these organisms. The biochemical characterization of isoforms of interest has allowed us to highlight some specificity of PDI-L1a and PDI-M in terms of reduction or oxidation reactions catalyzed. A detailed analysis of PDI-M isoform also indicates that the two Trx modules of this protein show differential oxidation or reduction capacities. We could not detect any activity for PDI-A isoforms, leaving us to wonder whether this enzyme is simply active or possesses highly specific protein partners
Zhang, Ting. "Expression différentielle de la GPx5, un membre de la famille multigénique des glutathion peroxydases de mammifères." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00725529.
Full textMoumen, Radouane. "Sclérose latérale amyotrophique sporadique et stress oxydatif." Caen, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001CAEN2067.
Full textConti, Marc. "Effet du DL-alpha-tocophérol sur différents systèmes antioxydants dans des cultures de fibroblastes humains." Paris 11, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA114834.
Full textLahsaini, Ahmed. "Impacts fonctionnels de l'anoxie sur les neurones glutamatergiques de l'hippocampe chez des souris trasgéniques surexprimant la glutathion peroxydase humaine /." Thèse, Trois-Rivières, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 1998. http://www.uqtr.ca/biblio/notice/resume/03-2188431R.html.
Full textLahsaini, Ahmed. "Impacts fonctionnels de l'anoxie sur les neurones glutamatergiques de l'hippocampe chez des souris trasgéniques surexprimant la glutathion peroxydase humaine." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 1998. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/3780/1/000649065.pdf.
Full textKoh, Cha San. "Poplar oxidoreductases involved in the oxidative stress response : a crystallographic snapshot towards the understanding of the catalytic mechanism." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NAN10028/document.
Full textThree oxidoreductases (glutathione peroxidase, GPX; thioredoxin, Trx and glutaredoxin, Grx) from Populus trichocarpa × deltoides (poplar tree) were characterized using X-ray crystallography approach. GPXs are a group of enzymes that regulate the levels of oxygen species in cells, and protect them against oxidative damage. In this study, I have determined the crystal structures of the reduced and oxidized form of poplar GPX5 (PtGPX5). Comparison of both redox structures indicates that a drastic conformational change is necessary to bring the two distant cysteine residues together to form an intramolecular disulfide bond. Trxs regulate various protein partners through the thiol-disulfide(s) reduction. The aim of this study is thus to precisely describe the catalytic mechanism of a new isoform of Trx, PtTrxh4, since it has been demonstrated recently to be reduced by Grx. PtTrxh4 contains three cysteines; one localized in an N-terminal extension (Cys4) and two in the usual Trx active site (WC1GPC2). Two crystal structures of PtTrxh4 solved in this study, wild-type and C61S mutant, allow us to propose a four-step disulfide cascade catalytic mechanism in accordance with enzymatic studies. Grxs are highly conserved redox-proteins that utilize electrons from GSH particularly to catalyze thiol-disulfide exchange reactions. Here, I present the structure of glutathionylated PtGrxS12, the first structure of plant Grx of subclass 1 with an atypical 28WCSYS32 active site. Protein structures solved here shed lights to our understanding of the redox mechanism in plant and to the enzyme-substrate interactions
Barbier-Faure, Emmanuelle. "Le sélénium en pathologie inflammatoire." Paris 5, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA05P054.
Full textLemaître, Dominique. "Régulation de la glutathion peroxydase par les acides gras polyinsaturés, en particulier l'acide docosahexaénoïque, au niveau des plaquettes sanguines humaines." Lyon, INSA, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ISAL0094.
Full textThe role of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on human platelet glutathione peroxidase GPx) was studied. GPx catalyzes the reduction of lipid hydroperoxides into their corresponding alcohol derivatives and regulates the formation of eicosanoids. Among all polyunsaturated fatty acids tested, PUFAs of marine origin (n-3 PUFAs), especially docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), induced a significant increased GPx activity. Such an increase was associated with an enhanced immunoreactive amount of GPx as assessed by the "Western blotting" procedure. The effects of DHA on GPx were abolished by cycloheximide, an inhibitor of translation, suggesting an increased protein synthesis at the origin of the effect observed. The incorporation of DHA in platelets induced a significant oxidative stress as assessed by both increased malondialdehyde level and decreased vitamin E content in the cells. The flavonoid epicatechin suppressed the DHA-induced oxidative stress and also abolished the enhancement of GPx amount and activity. These results suggest that the oxidative stress induced by DHA might induce an increased GPx expression. After the 2-hour incubation of platelets with DHA, this fatty acid was incorporated in membrane phospholipids while the amount of unesterified arachidonic acid (AA) was higher. AA was also able to increase the GPx activity which suggests that this fatty acid could be: involved in the GPx activation. The-active form (DHA, AA or derived metabolites) responsible for the induced GPx synthesis remains to be defined. The mechanism of GPx stimulation could result from the increased protein mass and suggests a post-transcriptional effect, considering the absence of nucleus in platelets
Herbette, Stéphane. "Etude des glutathions peroxydases (GPX) chez les végétaux supérieurs : rôle dans la réponse au stress." Clermont -Ferrand 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004CLF22494.
Full textPerquin, Magali. "Etude épidémiologique et moléculaire des voies métaboliques associées au glutathion dans le cancer du sein." Nancy 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NAN11322.
Full textGlutathione S-transferases (GST) and glutathione peroxidases, (GPX), together with glutathione reductase (GSSR) catalyse essential reactions for cell defence from toxic agents such as anticancer drugs and/or reactive oxygen species. With glutathione as the central component, this metabolic pathway is activated in most tumours and linked to resistant phenotype. Two approaches have been developed in this work. 1) An epidemiological study, on 41 patients, showed higher glutathione contents and an increase of the above-mentioned glutathione-dependent enzymes in the breast tumours, resulting in the improvement of the intracellular redox status. The numerous correlations between the components of the glutathione system observed only in non-cancerous breast suggest a highly coordinated and organised system that is disrupted in cancerous breast. The increased levels of GSH contents and its related enzymes activities are correlated with various prognostic factors linked to cell proliferation, suggesting the incidence of these inductions in resistance and tumour aggressiveness in breast cancer. 2) A molecular study was performed on human breast adenocarcinoma cell line MCF-7 sensitive or resistant to doxorubicin and/or vincristine. GST as well as GPX activities and expressions were increased according to cellular resistance levels, whereas GSSR and glutathione contents decreased. We focused on the one hand on the role of GPX, that we selectively induced with selenium, which nonetheless did not improve the antioxidative defence and, on the other hand, on GSTT2 subunit overexpressed in vincristine resistant cells and whose 5' regulatory gene region was isolated in order to further study its expression. Resistant phenotype could result from a concomitant variation of parai lei metabolic pathways, distinct from the early adaptive response to a defined cytotoxic agent
Rejraji, Hanae. "La Glutathion Peroxydase 5 murine : modèle d'étude de l'activité sécrétoire de l'épididyme et des mécanismes de transport et d'association protéiques au spermatozöide." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003CLF21438.
Full textAssem, Mahfoud. "Évolution du système antioxydant et du système apoptotique au cours de l'initiation et du développement d'une insuffisance cardiaque induite par ligature de l'artère coronaire gauche chez le rat." Dijon, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000DIJOMU01.
Full textSCHWAAB, TOURLONIAS VERONIQUE. "Clonage et caracterisation du gene de la glutathion peroxydase plasmatique murine analyse de l'expression de gpx3 dans l'epididyme et dans le rein." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998CLF22045.
Full textTondreau, Maxime. "Étude du dimorphisme sexuel des sélénoprotéines antioxydantes au cours du développement pulmonaire murin." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28098/28098.pdf.
Full textCamoin, Luc. "Analyse protéomique de l'effet d' un stress salin chez le citronnier : caractérisation de la protéine majoritairement exprimée." Paris 7, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA077011.
Full textBrault, Charlène. "Modulation du stress oxydant par le virus de l'hépatite C et identification de propriétés pro virales de l'antioxydant GPx4." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10095.
Full textChronic infection with Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is frequently associated with metabolic disturbances (insulin-resistance and steatosis) as well as with changes to hepatic structure (fibrosis and cirrhosis) that favor hepatocellular carcinogenesis. Insulin resistance is in particular linked to oxidative stress, which is thought to play a key role in driving disease progression. However, molecular mechanisms by which HCV regulates oxidative stress are still unclear and reciprocally, the effect of oxidative stress on viral life cycle is not well understood. Until recently, induction of oxidative stress by HCV has mainly been investigated in non replicative in vitro models or in cell systems expressing viral proteins alone. Few studies have yet investigated oxidative stress in the context of productive HCV infection. My work consisted of studying the modulation of the cellular redox system using the HCVcc infection model, based on a replicative HCV isolate and the hepatoma cell line Huh7.5. This work provided a broad characterization of how HCV induces and prevents oxidative stress and identified glutathion peroxidase 4 (GPx4) as a pro-viral antioxydant enzyme. Indeed, we observed an HCVinduced upregulation of expression and activity of GPx4. We also demonstrated that GPx4 expression is required for viral replication and infectivity. As GPx4 possesses a particular catalytic activity, which is the detoxification of oxidized membrane lipids, we investigated the impact of the accumulation of oxidized lipids on HCV replication. These studies showed that GPx4 is an important host factor for HCV life cycle by maintaining membrane lipid integrity in an oxidative cellular environment
Noblanc, Anaïs. "Contrôle des dommages oxydants au noyau spermatique : Apports des modèles murins knock-out pour des glutathion peroxydases." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00910253.
Full textThérond, Patrice. "Rôle de la vitamine E et de la glutathion péroxydase dans la formation des hydropéroxydes des espèces moléculaires de la phosphatidyléthnolamine et de la phosphatidylcholine sous l'action de la lipoxygénase : étude de la membrane érythrocytaire chez des enfants atteints de mucoviscidose." Paris 11, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA114829.
Full textBenabdeslam, Hassiba. "Exploration du statut nutritionnel et peroxydatif dans une population de 76 sujets traités pour mucoviscidose." Lyon 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LYO1T010.
Full textPey, Alexis. "Réponses biochimiques et physiologiques des symbioses marines tempérées face aux changements climatiques." Nice, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012NICE4009.
Full textGlobal climate change leads significant reactions on marine ecosystems which, when dealing with sessile species, can drive to episodes of mass mortalities. In the north-western Mediterranean Sea, recent events of mortalities severely impacted gorgonian communities, threatening their survival, but also all the associated biodiversity. The implementation of strategies of preservations requires preliminary acquisitions of the knowledge at ecological, evolutionary, physiological, biochemical, genomic and genetics levels. In this ambitious framework, these doctoral studies aimed to better define the answers induced by thermal stress of two Mediterranean symbiotic Cnidarians : the white gorgonian Eunicella singularis and the sea anemone Anemonia viridis. A first part of the works was carried out of two populations of the white gorgonian, associated with their photosynthetic symbionts (zooxanthelles), collected at two geographical zones with contrasted thermal profiles. This study allowed us to identify the superior limits of thermal resistance of the populations and to estimate the possible links between the genetic varieties of the hosts and the symbionts, and their thermal resistance. Complementary studies then allowed identifying, on this symbiotic gorgonian early molecular indicators induced by a hyperthermia, implying the global antioxidant defences capacities and the degree of protein ubiquitination. Finally, our studies led on the sea anemone allowed to deepen our knowledge developed on this model concerning the antioxidant enzymes and in particular the glutathione peroxidases (GPx). The measures of the GPx activities in the different holobiont compartments did not reveal major modifications during the stress, but the appearance of one activity band induced by the hyperthermia could represent a new potential marker of stress
Picaud, Thierry. "Fonction et régulation des oxydoréductases à disulfure : étude comparative des interactions entre le cycle isoalloxazine et son environnement." Paris 11, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA112029.
Full textThis manuscript presents a study on the characterization of structural factors modulating enzymatic activity and reactivity with metallic ions from members of the pyridine nucleotide disulfide-oxidoreductase family (Glutathione reductase (GR), Thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) and NADH peroxidase (NPX). Complementary techniques combining biochemical experiments, electronic absorption and resonance Raman (RR) spectroscopies have been used. The two-electron reduction of GR by the substrate (NADPH) or the product (GSH) of the enzyme reaction gives rise to the formation of two different species. RR studies of these two-electron reduced states show that isoalloxazine ring of the FAD imposes a redox control and a regulation, of enzyme activity via a hydrogen bond modulation on the N5 atom of FAD. The enzyme inhibition induced by the binding of metallic ions (Hg2+, Cd2+) on the active site dithiol of GR is explained by both an elimination of the redox coupling between the two active centers of GR (dithiol and FAD) and a strong out-of-plane distortion of isoalloxazine moiety that generates strong alterations in FAD-protein interactions. Association of the heavy metal to TrxR produces a displacement of the second redaction step of FAD from 1 to 3 equivalents of NADPH. Moreover, the formation of a blue semiquinone is stabilized. The stabilization of this radical is proposed to be a regulation way for this enzyme class. RR spectra obtained for different redox states of NPX show that the isoalloxazine ring has a low electronic density, as in the case of GR. A direct consequence is the stabilization, of the cysteine-sulfenic acid as well as a charge transfer complex formed after the enzyme redaction by NADH. For the three enzymes, this study showed an intimate electronic coupling between the two redox centers for the two electron-reduced enzymes
Simiuc, Dana. "Sensibilité de cellules cancéreuses au stress oxydatif : approche systémique pour étudier le couplage entre le métabolisme et le stress oxydatif." Thesis, Lille 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LIL1R041.
Full textLiving cells, when constantly exposed to stress, are able to respond in a complex manner involving various intracellular regulation networks. Their regulation controls for instance the cellular fate outcome in response to an oxidative stress. When defensive mechanisms manage to cope against stress, a negative feedback is involved and cell survive, otherwise cell dies. One of a key defensive mechanism relies on the interplay between metabolic flux and oxidative stress exploiting the dualistic role of hydrogen peroxide, acting both as signalling and damaging molecule. Our work aims to identify key molecules involved in cellular fate and to monitor their dynamics at the single cell level, using fluorescent microscopy. In a first step, we design an experimental system inspired by chemotaxis studies to constantly control the dose applied to breast cancer cell line (MCF7). The choice of the stimulation method plays an important role in our study. Indeed, in order to deliver a constant concentration of stimulus to mammalian cells, non-consuming H2O2 cell culture medium is chosen. Using a fluidic system, the intracellular H2O2 production rate is controlled by varying the external H2O2 concentration. Stimulus delivery and removal is thus performed fast enough (faster than cellular consumption) to study the dynamical cellular responses. During constant stimulation, adaptation dynamics are notified, suggesting that negative feedbacks are involved in the cellular protection against stress. Cell-to-cell variability is observed and can be quantified using identified adaptation parameters. The fluorescent signal is processed and preliminary results of pH modulation dependence by the cellular metabolic state are discussed. The adaptation features are not depicted when the carbon sources are completely removed from external medium. This result underlines the role of glucose in the cellular defensive mechanism. Another important result is that the feedback dynamics is depending by the H2O2 dose applied to cells: stronger stimulation implies stronger response. It is a first limiting factor we identified while quantifying the cell death response to H2O2 stress. The results of cell death dose response are suggesting that the cell fate (survival or death) is also depending by both the control of the stimulus and the cellular metabolic state. In order to identify the metabolic pathways involved in the negative feedback induced by the oxidative stress, key molecules regulating the Phosphate Pentose Pathway (PPP) are modulated. We conclude that the orchestration of molecular network is more complex and PPP is the main but not the only network involved in the cellular defense. In this manuscript an experimental design is presented in order to study the adaptation responses to oxidative stress in real time. Our experiments are confirming the fast adaptation kinetics of NAD(P)H already observed in literature. We identify, for the first time, a second regulation mechanism where the glutathione system is restoring within 30 min during controlled H2O2 stimulation. The glucose metabolism is supporting the regeneration of this antioxidant system and PPP network is thus identified as the main negative feedback in the molecular adaptation here observed
Simiuc, Dana. "Sensibilité de cellules cancéreuses au stress oxydatif : approche systémique pour étudier le couplage entre le métabolisme et le stress oxydatif." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2018-2021), 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LILUR041.
Full textLiving cells, when constantly exposed to stress, are able to respond in a complex manner involving various intracellular regulation networks. Their regulation controls for instance the cellular fate outcome in response to an oxidative stress. When defensive mechanisms manage to cope against stress, a negative feedback is involved and cell survive, otherwise cell dies. One of a key defensive mechanism relies on the interplay between metabolic flux and oxidative stress exploiting the dualistic role of hydrogen peroxide, acting both as signalling and damaging molecule. Our work aims to identify key molecules involved in cellular fate and to monitor their dynamics at the single cell level, using fluorescent microscopy. In a first step, we design an experimental system inspired by chemotaxis studies to constantly control the dose applied to breast cancer cell line (MCF7). The choice of the stimulation method plays an important role in our study. Indeed, in order to deliver a constant concentration of stimulus to mammalian cells, non-consuming H2O2 cell culture medium is chosen. Using a fluidic system, the intracellular H2O2 production rate is controlled by varying the external H2O2 concentration. Stimulus delivery and removal is thus performed fast enough (faster than cellular consumption) to study the dynamical cellular responses. During constant stimulation, adaptation dynamics are notified, suggesting that negative feedbacks are involved in the cellular protection against stress. Cell-to-cell variability is observed and can be quantified using identified adaptation parameters. The fluorescent signal is processed and preliminary results of pH modulation dependence by the cellular metabolic state are discussed. The adaptation features are not depicted when the carbon sources are completely removed from external medium. This result underlines the role of glucose in the cellular defensive mechanism. Another important result is that the feedback dynamics is depending by the H2O2 dose applied to cells: stronger stimulation implies stronger response. It is a first limiting factor we identified while quantifying the cell death response to H2O2 stress. The results of cell death dose response are suggesting that the cell fate (survival or death) is also depending by both the control of the stimulus and the cellular metabolic state. In order to identify the metabolic pathways involved in the negative feedback induced by the oxidative stress, key molecules regulating the Phosphate Pentose Pathway (PPP) are modulated. We conclude that the orchestration of molecular network is more complex and PPP is the main but not the only network involved in the cellular defense. In this manuscript an experimental design is presented in order to study the adaptation responses to oxidative stress in real time. Our experiments are confirming the fast adaptation kinetics of NAD(P)H already observed in literature. We identify, for the first time, a second regulation mechanism where the glutathione system is restoring within 30 min during controlled H2O2 stimulation. The glucose metabolism is supporting the regeneration of this antioxidant system and PPP network is thus identified as the main negative feedback in the molecular adaptation here observed
Gama, Filipe. "Les glutarédoxines : de la réduction des peroxyrédocines de type II aux systèmes d'assemblage des centres fer-souffre." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NAN10116/document.
Full textEnvironment variations can modify plant metabolism in particular by production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which are harmfull at high level. Enzymatic systems are to degrade these ROS but also repair oxidized molecules. They are composed by peroxidases (thioredoxins-reduced glutathione peroxidases and thioredoxin or glutaredoxin-reduced peroxiredoxins) using dithiol exchange for their activity. These systems present a complexity according to their multigenic family origin. Recombinant Prx-Grx hybrids have been produced giving clue to interactions between Prx and Grx. Enzymatic studies showed Prx IIF and IIE can reduced a wide range of substrates other than hydrogen peroxide, with variable activity. Furthermore they are not found identically in plant tissue and react to oxidative stress in different ways. Besides reducing properties Grx could participate in cell signalling by glutathionylation, mechanism which protects cystein by fixating a molecule of GSH. A new role appeared recently, they help production of iron-sulfur cluster and play a role in iron-sulfur proteins maturation. Plastidials S14 and S16 Grxs can naturally bind an iron-sulfur cluster and complement Grx5 (CGFS Grx known entering in iron-sulfur proteins maturation) deficient mutants yeast. Finally GrxS14 is able to transfer efficiently his cluster to accepting molecule. These results allow us understanding better these multigenic families regulating several physiological processes, some still unknown, in oxidative stress
El, Chartouni Léa. "Conditions françaises de l'intéraction entre Mycosphaerella graminicola, agent de la septoriose du blé, et le blé : diversité et structure d'une population du champignon et modalités de la résistance et de la tolérance chez le blé." Littoral, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009DUNK0249.
Full textWe studied the interaction wheat-M. Graminicola in the French conditions. At first, we looked at the diversity and the structure of M. Graminicola French populations. 364 strains collected from 17 counties were investigated using 4 microsatellite markers (ST1A4, ST1E3, ST1E7 et ST1D7) and 2 actin and β-tubuline partial sequences analyzed with PCR-SSCP. The obtained results confirmed the fungus high adaptation potential in France. We revealed a moderate genetic differentiation with a low gene flow. The population was found to be more structured than previously investigated ones, with 3 groups corresponding to 2 major clusters and a zone of admixture. We then looked at this interaction at cytological and biochemical level. We investigated 5 French wheat cultivars presenting different resistance (R) and tolerance (T) profiles towards M. Graminicola. We noticed that R was linked to rare papillae formation, susceptibility (S) was characterized by intercellular mycelial growth, whereas T presented no impact on the fungal infection process. Lipoxygenase (LOX), peroxidase (PO), and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activities did not discriminate between R and T profiles. Correlations between cytological and biochemical data with the different R and T profiles revealed that necrosis correlates with LOX in NT cultivars, mycelia surrounding of stomata correlates with PO in R cultivars and direct penetrations correlates with GST in S cultivars. Moreover, we discriminated between S cultivars according to their T profile
Elbe, Yveline. "Radicaux libres et défenses de l'organisme : recherches bibliographiques, incidence de surcharges et carences vitaminiques A et E (chez le rat) : essai personnel." Bordeaux 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR2P111.
Full textRahbari, Oskoui Farid. "Stress oxydatif, vieillissement et maladie de Parkinson." Bordeaux 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR2M024.
Full textSt-Pierre, Isabelle. "Étude des glutathion peroxydases dans le placenta de femmes atteintes de prééclampsie." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23405/23405.pdf.
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