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1

Liu, Xiao-Lei, Roger E. Summons, and Kai-Uwe Hinrichs. "Extending the known range of glycerol ether lipids in the environment: structural assignments based on tandem mass spectral fragmentation patterns." Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 26 (September 4, 2012): 2295–302. https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.6355.

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RATIONALE: Glycerol-based alkyl ether lipids are ubiquitous components in marine sediments. In order to explore their structural diversity and biological sources, marine sediment samples from diverse environments were analyzed and the mass spectra of widely distributed, novel glycerol di- and tetraethers were examined systematically. METHODS: Lipid extracts of twelve globally distributed marine subsurface sediments were analyzed by atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry (APCI-MS). Tandem mass (MS/MS) spectra of compounds were obtained with a quadrupole time-of-flight (qTOF)
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2

Liu, Xiao-Lei, Julius S. Lipp, Jan M. Schröder, Roger E. Summons, and Kai-Uwe Hinrichs. "Isoprenoid glycerol dialkanol diethers: a series of novel archaeal lipids in marine sediments." Organic Geochemistry 43 (November 17, 2011): 50–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2011.11.002.

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Abstract We report a new series of archaeal lipids, widespread in marine sediments and tentatively assigned as isoprenoid glycerol dialkanol diethers (GDDs). They are structural analogs of isoprenoid glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs), with one glycerol unit missing and with each biphytanyl moiety possessing a terminal OH group. Identification is based on molecular formulae determined from accurate mass measurement and interpretation of mass spectral fragmentation patterns. Acetylation of GDD-0 confirmed the presence of three OH groups, and ether cleavage and reduction of the produc
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3

Zhu, Chun, Travis B. Meador, Wolf Dummann, and Kai-Uwe Hinrichs. "Identification of unusual butanetriol dialkyl glycerol tetraether and pentanetriol dialkyl glycerol tetraether lipids in marine sediments." Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 28 (December 27, 2013): 332–38. https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.6792.

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RATIONALE: Glycerol serves as the principal backbone moiety bound to various acyl/alkyl chains for membrane lipids of <em>Eukarya</em>, <em>Bacteria</em>, and <em>Archaea</em>. In this study, we report a suite of unusual tetraether lipids in which one of the two conventional glycerol backbones is substituted by butanetriol or pentanetriol. METHODS: Identification of these lipids was achieved via diagnostic fragments and their expected acetylation products using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS), and their diagnostic ether cleavage products using gas chromatography/mass spectromet
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4

Li, Tuo, Youyi Luo, Changhong Liu, Xuan Lu, and Baomin Feng. "Archaeal Lipids: Extraction, Separation, and Identification via Natural Product Chemistry Perspective." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 26, no. 7 (2025): 3167. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26073167.

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Archaeal lipids, defining a primordial life domain alongside Bacteria and Eukarya, are distinguished by their unique glycerol-1-phosphate backbone and ether-linked isoprenoid chains. Serving as critical geochemical biomarkers, archaeal lipids like glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs) underpin paleoclimate proxies, while their phylum-specific distributions illuminate phylogenetic divergence. Despite the maturity of Mass Spectrometry-based quantitative biomarkers—predominantly those with established structures—becoming well-established in geochemical research, systematic investigation o
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5

Sigurjónsson, Svanur, and Gudmundur G. Haraldsson. "Asymmetric Synthesis of Methoxylated Ether Lipids: Total Synthesis of Polyunsaturated C18:3 Omega-3 and Omega-6 MEL Triene Derivatives." Molecules 29, no. 1 (2023): 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules29010223.

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The asymmetric synthesis of polyunsaturated triene C18:3 n-3 and C18:3 n-6 methoxylated ether lipids (MEL) of the 1-O-alkyl-sn-glycerol type is described as possible structural candidates for a triene C18:3 MEL of an unknown identity found in a mixture of shark and dogfish liver oil. Their C18:3 hydrocarbon chains constitute an all-cis methylene skipped n-3 or n-6 triene framework, along with a methoxyl group at the 2′-position and R-configuration of the resulting stereogenic center. The methoxylated polyenes are attached by an ether linkage to the pro-S hydroxymethyl group of the glycerol bac
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6

Łapińska, Urszula, Georgina Glover, Zehra Kahveci, et al. "Systematic comparison of unilamellar vesicles reveals that archaeal core lipid membranes are more permeable than bacterial membranes." PLOS Biology 21, no. 4 (2023): e3002048. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3002048.

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One of the deepest branches in the tree of life separates the Archaea from the Bacteria. These prokaryotic groups have distinct cellular systems including fundamentally different phospholipid membrane bilayers. This dichotomy has been termed the lipid divide and possibly bestows different biophysical and biochemical characteristics on each cell type. Classic experiments suggest that bacterial membranes (formed from lipids extracted from Escherichia coli, for example) show permeability to key metabolites comparable to archaeal membranes (formed from lipids extracted from Halobacterium salinarum
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7

Rao, Alka, Niels A. W. de Kok, and Arnold J. M. Driessen. "Membrane Adaptations and Cellular Responses of Sulfolobus acidocaldarius to the Allylamine Terbinafine." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 8 (2023): 7328. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24087328.

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Cellular membranes are essential for compartmentalization, maintenance of permeability, and fluidity in all three domains of life. Archaea belong to the third domain of life and have a distinct phospholipid composition. Membrane lipids of archaea are ether-linked molecules, specifically bilayer-forming dialkyl glycerol diethers (DGDs) and monolayer-forming glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs). The antifungal allylamine terbinafine has been proposed as an inhibitor of GDGT biosynthesis in archaea based on radiolabel incorporation studies. The exact target(s) and mechanism of action of
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8

Liu, Xiao-Lei, Roger E. Summons, and Kai-Uwe Hinrichs. "Extending the known range of glycerol ether lipids in the environment: structural assignments based on tandem mass spectral fragmentation patterns." Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 26, no. 19 (2012): 2295–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.6355.

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9

Weijers, J. W. H., G. L. B. Wiesenberg, R. Bol, E. C. Hopmans, and R. D. Pancost. "Carbon isotopic composition of branched tetraether membrane lipids in soils suggest a rapid turnover and a heterotrophic life style of their source organism(s)." Biogeosciences Discussions 7, no. 3 (2010): 3691–734. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-7-3691-2010.

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Abstract. Branched Glycerol Dialkyl Glycerol Tetraethers (GDGTs) are membrane spanning lipids synthesised by as yet unknown bacteria that thrive in soils and peat. In order to obtain more information on their ecological niche, the stable carbon isotopic composition of branched GDGT-derived alkanes, obtained upon ether bond cleavage, has been determined in various soils, i.e. peat, forest, grassland and cropland, covered by various vegetation types, i.e., C3- vs. C4-plant type. These δ13C values are compared with those of bulk organic matter and higher plant derived n-alkanes from the same soil
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10

Weijers, J. W. H., G. L. B. Wiesenberg, R. Bol, E. C. Hopmans, and R. D. Pancost. "Carbon isotopic composition of branched tetraether membrane lipids in soils suggest a rapid turnover and a heterotrophic life style of their source organism(s)." Biogeosciences 7, no. 9 (2010): 2959–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-2959-2010.

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Abstract. Branched Glycerol Dialkyl Glycerol Tetraethers (GDGTs) are membrane spanning lipids synthesised by as yet unknown bacteria that thrive in soils and peat. In order to obtain more information on their ecological niche, the stable carbon isotopic composition of branched GDGT-derived alkanes, obtained upon ether bond cleavage, has been determined in a peat and various soils, i.e. forest, grassland and cropland, covered by various vegetation types, i.e., C3- vs. C4-plant type. These δ13C values are compared with those of bulk organic matter and higher plant derived n-alkanes from the same
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11

Ogunsina, Makanjuola, Pranati Samadder, Temilolu Idowu, Mark Nachtigal, Frank Schweizer, and Gilbert Arthur. "Syntheses of l-Rhamnose-Linked Amino Glycerolipids and Their Cytotoxic Activities against Human Cancer Cells." Molecules 25, no. 3 (2020): 566. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25030566.

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A major impediment to successful cancer treatment is the inability of clinically available drugs to kill drug-resistant cancer cells. We recently identified metabolically stable l-glucosamine-based glycosylated antitumor ether lipids (GAELs) that were cytotoxic to chemotherapy-resistant cancer cells. In the absence of commercially available l-glucosamine, many steps were needed to synthesize the compound and the overall yield was poor. To overcome this limitation, a facile synthetic procedure using commercially available l-sugars including l-rhamnose and l-glucose were developed and the l-GAEL
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12

Nikolaeva, Maria E., Andrey V. Nechaev, Elena V. Shmendel, Roman A. Akasov, Mikhail A. Maslov, and Andrey F. Mironov. "New Cysteine-Containing PEG-Glycerolipid Increases the Bloodstream Circulation Time of Upconverting Nanoparticles." Molecules 27, no. 9 (2022): 2763. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27092763.

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Upconverting nanoparticles have unique spectral and photophysical properties that make them suitable for development of theranostics for imaging and treating large and deep-seated tumors. Nanoparticles based on NaYF4 crystals doped with lanthanides Yb3+ and Er3+ were obtained by the high-temperature decomposition of trifluoroacetates in oleic acid and 1-octadecene. Such particles have pronounced hydrophobic properties. Therefore, to obtain stable dispersions in aqueous media for the study of their properties in vivo and in vitro, the polyethylene glycol (PEG)-glycerolipids of various structure
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13

Nikolaeva, Maria E., Andrey V. Nechaev, Elena V. Shmendel, Roman A. Akasov, Mikhail A. Maslov, and Andrey F. Mironov. "New Cysteine-Containing PEG-Glycerolipid Increases the Bloodstream Circulation Time of Upconverting Nanoparticles." Molecules 27, no. 9 (2022): 2763. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27092763.

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Upconverting nanoparticles have unique spectral and photophysical properties that make them suitable for development of theranostics for imaging and treating large and deep-seated tumors. Nanoparticles based on NaYF4 crystals doped with lanthanides Yb3+ and Er3+ were obtained by the high-temperature decomposition of trifluoroacetates in oleic acid and 1-octadecene. Such particles have pronounced hydrophobic properties. Therefore, to obtain stable dispersions in aqueous media for the study of their properties in vivo and in vitro, the polyethylene glycol (PEG)-glycerolipids of various structure
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14

Xu, Xianli, Hongjin Liu, Xungang Wang, et al. "Evaluation of the Longissimus Thoracis et Lumborum Muscle Quality of Chaka and Tibetan Sheep and the Analysis of Possible Mechanisms Regulating Meat Quality." Animals 13, no. 15 (2023): 2494. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13152494.

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This study aimed to comprehensively evaluate the characteristics in the longissimus thoracis et lumborum (LTL) muscle of Chaka (CK) sheep and Tibetan (TB) sheep, and transcriptomics–metabolomics association analysis was used to find the possible genes, differential metabolites, and significant differential metabolic pathways that lead to meat quality differences. Based on the researched results, the nutritional quality of meat, including the contents of ether extract (11.95% vs. 10.56%), unsaturated fatty acid (51.20% vs. 47.69%), and polyunsaturated fatty acid (5.71% vs. 3.97%), were better i
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15

GISCHLER, EBERHARD, DANIEL BIRGEL, BENJAMIN BRUNNER, and JÖRN PECKMANN. "MICROBIALITE OCCURRENCE AND PATTERNS IN HOLOCENE REEFS OF BORA BORA, SOCIETY ISLANDS." PALAIOS 35, no. 6 (2020): 262–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2110/palo.2020.026.

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ABSTRACT The thickness of microbialite crusts in Holocene barrier and fringing reefs of Bora Bora was quantified in drill cores from windward and leeward settings to decipher possible spatial and temporal patterns as well as controlling environmental factors. Based on the analysis of 145 occurrences in nine rotary cores, microbialite thickness ranges from 0.1–11.0 cm with an average value of 1.97 cm (SD = 2.47). Microbialites occur only from 9.5–5.6 ka corresponding to a period of rapid sea-level rise and reef accretion in the early Holocene. However, there is no statistically significant corr
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16

Nesrine, Lenchi, Kebbouche Salima, Khelfaoui Mohamed Lamine, et al. "Phylogenetic characterization and screening of halophilic bacteria from Algerian salt lake for the production of biosurfactant and enzymes." World Journal of Biology and Biotechnology 5, no. 2 (2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.33865/wjb.005.02.0294.

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Environments containing significant concentration of NaCl such as salt lakes harbor extremophiles microorganisms which have a great biotechnology interest. To explore the diversity of Bacteria in Chott Tinsilt (Algeria), an isolation program was performed. Water samples were collected from the saltern during the pre-salt harvesting phase. This Chott is high in salt (22.47% (w/v). Seven halophiles Bacteria were selected for further characterization. The isolated strains were able to grow optimally in media with 10–25% (w/v) total salts. Molecular identification of the isolates was performed by
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17

Boukhchtaber, Dina Castillo, F. A. Bastiaan von Meijenfeldt, Diana X. Sahonero Canavesi, et al. "Discovering Hidden Archaeal and Bacterial Lipid Producers in a Euxinic Marine System." Environmental Microbiology 27, no. 3 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1111/1462-2920.70054.

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ABSTRACTBacterial membrane lipids are typically characterised by fatty acid bilayers linked through ester bonds, whereas those of Archaea are characterised by ether‐linked isoprenoids forming bilayers or monolayers of membrane‐spanning lipids known as isoprenoidal glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (isoGDGTs). However, this understanding has been reconsidered with the identification of branched GDGTs (brGDGTs), which are membrane‐spanning ether‐bound branched alkyl fatty acids of bacterial origin, though their producers are often unidentified. The limited availability of microbial cultures
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18

Arora, Rajat, Ayan Mukherjee, Gilbert Arthur, Mark Nachtigal, and Frank Schweizer. "Modulating polybasic character of galactose-based glycosylated antitumor ether lipids for enhanced cytotoxic response." RSC Medicinal Chemistry, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d4md00662c.

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We describe the structure-activity relationship studies of galactose-based glycosylated antitumor ether lipids (GAELs) by installing amine groups at different positions of galactose and the glycerol backbone. Different dibasic and tribasic...
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19

Sahonero-Canavesi, Diana X., Melvin. F. Siliakus, Asbun Alejandro Abdala, et al. "Disentangling the lipid divide: Identification of key enzymes for the biosynthesis of Membrane-spanning and Ether lipids in Bacteria." September 30, 2022. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7439982.

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<strong># Abstract</strong> Bacterial membranes are composed of fatty acids (FAs) ester-linked to glycerol-3-phosphate, while archaea possess membranes made of isoprenoid chains ether-linked to glycerol-1-phosphate. Many archaeal species organize their membrane as a monolayer of membrane-spanning lipids (MSLs). Exceptions to this &lsquo;lipid divide&rsquo; are the production by some bacterial species of (ether-bound) MSLs, formed by tail-tail condensation of fatty acids resulting in the formation of (<em>iso</em>) diabolic acids (DAs), which are the likely precursors of paleoclimatological rel
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20

Liman, Geraldy Lie Stefanus, Andy A. Garcia, Kristin A. Fluke, et al. "Tetraether archaeal lipids promote long‐term survival in extreme conditions." Molecular Microbiology, February 19, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/mmi.15240.

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AbstractThe sole unifying feature of the incredibly diverse Archaea is their isoprenoid‐based ether‐linked lipid membranes. Unique lipid membrane composition, including an abundance of membrane‐spanning tetraether lipids, impart resistance to extreme conditions. Many questions remain, however, regarding the synthesis and modification of tetraether lipids and how dynamic changes to archaeal lipid membrane composition support hyperthermophily. Tetraether membranes, termed glycerol dibiphytanyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs), are generated by tetraether synthase (Tes) by joining the tails of two bi
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21

Ding, Su, Vincent Grossi, Ellen C. Hopmans, Nicole J. Bale, Cristiana Cravo-Laureau, and Jaap S. Sinninghe Damsté. "Nitrogen and sulfur for phosphorus: Lipidome adaptation of anaerobic sulfate-reducing bacteria in phosphorus-deprived conditions." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 121, no. 24 (2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2400711121.

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Understanding how microbial lipidomes adapt to environmental and nutrient stress is crucial for comprehending microbial survival and functionality. Certain anaerobic bacteria can synthesize glycerolipids with ether/ester bonds, yet the complexities of their lipidome remodeling under varying physicochemical and nutritional conditions remain largely unexplored. In this study, we thoroughly examined the lipidome adaptations of Desulfatibacillum alkenivorans strain PF2803 T , a mesophilic anaerobic sulfate-reducing bacterium known for its high proportions of alkylglycerol ether lipids in its membr
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22

Zhang, Tingting, Wei He, Qianyong Liang, et al. "Lipidomic diversity and proxy implications of archaea from cold seep sediments of the South China Sea." Frontiers in Microbiology 14 (October 19, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1241958.

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Cold seeps on the continental margins are characterized by intense microbial activities that consume a large portion of methane by anaerobic methanotrophic archaea (ANME) through anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM). Although ANMEs are known to contain unique ether lipids that may have an important function in marine carbon cycling, their full lipidomic profiles and functional distribution in particular cold-seep settings are still poorly characterized. Here, we combined the 16S rRNA gene sequencing and lipidomic approaches to analyze archaeal communities and their lipids in cold seep sediment
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23

Kaspar, Felix, Lea Eilert, Sophie Staar, et al. "Biocatalytic Ether Lipid Synthesis by an Archaeal Glycerolprenylase." Angewandte Chemie International Edition, October 2, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.202412597.

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AbstractAlthough ethers are common in secondary natural products, they are an underrepresented functional group in primary metabolism. As such, there are comparably few enzymes capable of constructing ether bonds in a general fashion. However, such enzymes are highly sought after for synthetic applications as they typically operate with higher regioselectivity and under milder conditions than traditional organochemical approaches. To expand the repertoire of well characterized ether synthases, we herein report on a promiscuous archaeal prenyltransferase from the scarcely researched family of g
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24

Kaspar, Felix, Lea Eilert, Sophie Staar, et al. "Biocatalytic Ether Lipid Synthesis by an Archaeal Glycerolprenylase." Angewandte Chemie, October 2, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.202412597.

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AbstractAlthough ethers are common in secondary natural products, they are an underrepresented functional group in primary metabolism. As such, there are comparably few enzymes capable of constructing ether bonds in a general fashion. However, such enzymes are highly sought after for synthetic applications as they typically operate with higher regioselectivity and under milder conditions than traditional organochemical approaches. To expand the repertoire of well characterized ether synthases, we herein report on a promiscuous archaeal prenyltransferase from the scarcely researched family of g
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25

Wu, Yu, Borislav Angelov, Yuru Deng, et al. "Self‐Assembled Nanocarriers of Synthetic and Natural Plasmalogens for Potential Nanomedicine Development." Advanced Therapeutics, November 6, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adtp.202400093.

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AbstractPlasmalogens are bioactive glycerophospholipids with a vinyl ether bond at the sn‐1 position of the glycerol backbone, which imparts free‐radical scavenging properties. Amelioration of the plasmalogen levels, which decline with aging, is required for novel metabolic therapies for Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and dementia. This work designed, prepared, and in vitro characterized plasmalogen‐loaded lipid nanoparticles with neuroprotective potential for neuronanomedicine. Liquid crystalline nanoparticles formed by natural scallop‐derived plasmalogens are in vitro ev
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26

Czapka, Anna, Christian Grune, Patrick Schädel, et al. "Drug delivery of 6-bromoindirubin-3’-glycerol-oxime ether employing poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide)-based nanoencapsulation techniques with sustainable solvents." Journal of Nanobiotechnology 20, no. 1 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12951-021-01179-7.

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Abstract Background Insufficient solubility and stability of bioactive small molecules as well as poor biocompatibility may cause low bioavailability and are common obstacles in drug development. One example of such problematic molecules is 6-bromoindirubin-3'-glycerol-oxime ether (6BIGOE), a hydrophobic indirubin derivative. 6BIGOE potently modulates the release of inflammatory cytokines and lipid mediators from isolated human monocytes through inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3 in a favorable fashion. However, 6BIGOE suffers from poor solubility and short half-lives in biological aqueo
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27

BIR SINGH, PARTAP, SUKHRAJ SINGH, and GURPREET KAUR GILL. "ROLE OF COMBINATION DRUG THERAPY FOR MANAGEMENT OF HYPERTENSION WITH INCREASING AGE." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, October 7, 2021, 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2021.v14i10.42431.

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Objective: In South Asia, hypertension is the third highest factor contributing in public health burden of disease and major risk factor for coronary artery disease especially in women and old age people. The study was aimed to determine the role of gender and age (20–80 years) on severity of hypertension to design an effective schedule for management of hypertension. Methods: The levels of serum cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoproteins (LDL), and blood pressure (BP) of 240 hypertensive patients were monitored. Cholesterol, TG, and HDL levels we
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