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Journal articles on the topic 'Glycerol esterification'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Zappaterra, Federico, Daniela Summa, Bruno Semeraro, et al. "Enzymatic Esterification as Potential Strategy to Enhance the Sorbic Acid Behavior as Food and Beverage Preservative." Fermentation 6, no. 4 (2020): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation6040096.

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Sorbic acid is the most commonly used preservative in the food industry. The antimicrobial inhibition of sorbic acid could be influenced by its lipophilic nature, which reduces its use in hydrophilic food formulations. Reactions between sorbic acid and glycerol catalyzed by lipases were studied in order to develop a novel sorbic acid derivate with a promising hydrophilic profile. The esterification reaction between sorbic acid and glycerol in a solvent-free system were performed with an immobilized lipase B from Candida antarctica (CALB). The glycerol sorbate product has been tested against S.

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2

Kaya Ekinci, Emine, and Nuray Oktar. "Production of value-added chemicals from esterification of waste glycerol over MCM-41 supported catalysts." Green Processing and Synthesis 8, no. 1 (2019): 128–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/gps-2018-0034.

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Abstract A series of active and selective MCM-41 supported catalysts have been successfully prepared and used for bioderived glycerol esterification with acetic acid to produce fuel additives. In the synthesis of MCM-41, an acidic hydrothermal synthesis route was used, and silicotungstic acid (STA) and zirconia (ZrO2) were added to the catalyst structure by wet impregnation. X-ray diffraction, nitrogen adsorption-desorption methods, scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive spectroscopy, and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry analysis were used for characterizations of the

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3

Mutiara Valentina M, Ekelesia Martina, and Zuhrina Masyithah. "PEMBUATAN GLISEROL TRIBENZOAT DENGAN PROSES ESTERIFIKASI MENGGUNAKAN KATALIS H-ZEOLIT TERAKTIVASI OLEH ASAM KLORIDA DAN ASAM SULFAT." Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU 5, no. 1 (2016): 58–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/jtk.v5i1.1526.

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Esterification is one method that is often used in converting glycerol. Glycerol tribenzoate is a derivative product of glycerol which used as a plasticizer for polymer industry, food additives, water repellent material on printer ink, and many more. This research aims to study the making of glycerol tribenzoate through esterification process by using natural zeolit catalyst which is activated with hydrochloric acid, in order to obtain the optimum catalyst % weight (w/w glycerol), and also to see the potential of recycling the zeolit. Zeolit is activated by 4M for 6 hours, and then calcined in

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4

Setyaningsih, Lucky, Fahmi Siddiq, and Aqila Pramezy. "Esterification of glycerol with acetic acid over Lewatit catalyst." MATEC Web of Conferences 154 (2018): 01028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201815401028.

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Tri Acetyl Glycerol or triacetin is one of the glycerol derivative products which can be used as additives in liquid fuels (octane boosters) to reduce knocking on the machine. The use of triacetin as octane booster is considered very promising because it comes from renewable and environmentally friendly raw materials. The resulting glycerol-based additives are suitable for gasoline, biodiesel and diesel. In this study glycerol esterification with acetic acid over Lewatit catalyst was investigated. The effects of various parameters, such as reaction temperature, weight of catalyst and molar rat

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5

Dali, Seniwati, Firdaus Firdaus, and Hendra J. Rusman. "Produksi DAG Dari Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) Melalui Reaksi Trans-Esterifikasi Menggunakan Enzim Lipase Dedak Padi (Oryza Sativa L.) Spesifik C18-20 Terimobilisasi Karbon Aktif Sebagai Biokatalis." Indo. J. Chem. Res. 5, no. 1 (2017): 37–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.30598//ijcr.2017.5-sen.

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This research aims to produce DAG of the VCO through the substrate reaction of trans-esterification using lipase enzymes specifically C18-20 from rice bran (Oryza Sativa L.) immobiled of activated carbon as a catalyst. Phases of this research starts with the enzyme lipase do immobile using activated carbon; next enzymes of immobile used to produce DAG through the trans-esterification reaction using a VCO as a substrate and methanol as ko-substrate; DAG and methyl ester produced identified using FTIR instrument and GC-MS instruments. The results showed that there were three compounds DAG and th

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6

Sandesh, Swetha, Pandian Manjunathan, Anand B. Halgeri, and Ganapati V. Shanbhag. "Glycerol acetins: fuel additive synthesis by acetylation and esterification of glycerol using cesium phosphotungstate catalyst." RSC Advances 5, no. 126 (2015): 104354–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra17623a.

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Glycerol acetylation and esterification reactions with acetic anhydride and acetic acid respectively give acetins, in which di and tri acetins are commercially important products used as fuel additives.

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7

Banu, Ionut, Grigore Bozga, Gheorghe Bumbac, et al. "A Kinetic Study of Glycerol Esterification with Acetic Acid Over a Commercial Amberlyst-35 Ion Exchange Resin." Revista de Chimie 70, no. 7 (2019): 2325–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.19.7.7332.

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The increased quantities of glycerol available on the market initiated research efforts oriented to new valorization technologies, particularly by its conversion into medium tonnage chemicals, replacing petroleum derivatives. In this work it was investigated the valorization of glycerol by its transformation in glycerol acetates, by direct esterification with acetic acid, over a commercial Amberlyst-35 resin. Experiments were carried out batch-wise, in an autoclave reactor under controlled working conditions, at temperatures between 95 and 112 oC and initial acetic acid to glycerol molar ratio

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8

Ramadhan, Anggara Diaz, Nindya Carolina C.S, Nuryoto Nuryoto, and Teguh Kurniawan. "The Use of Natural Zeolite as A Catalyst for Esterification Reaction Between Glycerol and Oleic Acid." Reaktor 19, no. 4 (2019): 172–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/reaktor.19.4.172-179.

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Natural zeolite in Indonesia generally divided into 2 types, which are mordernite and clinoptilolite. As far the use of zeolites is very limited. This experiment tries to use both types of natural zeolites to find out its work. The purpose of this experiment is testing the performance of mordenite natural zeolite from Bayah-Indonesia and clinoptilolite from Lampung- Indonesia in the esterification reaction between glycerol and oleic acid integrated by several variable that affect the reaction. The experiment will be done by using three-neck rounded flask batch reactor. The result showed that m

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9

Popova, Margarita, Hristina Lazarova, Agnes Szegedi, et al. "Renewable glycerol esterification over sulfonic-modified mesoporous silicas." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 83, no. 1 (2018): 39–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc170306071p.

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SO3H-functionalised mesoporous materials with different pore structures (SBA-15 and SBA-16) were prepared by the post-synthesis surface modification. The materials were thoroughly characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, nitrogen physisorption, temperature-gravimetric analysis, elemental analysis and solid state NMR spectroscopy. The acidic properties were investigated by the temperature-programed desorption of ammonia. The catalytic performance of SO3H-functionalised mesoporous materials was studied in glycerol esterification with acetic acid.The different amount of silanol groups in the in

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10

Wang, Shifa. "Synthesis of light-colored rosin glycerol ester." Holzforschung 61, no. 5 (2007): 499–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf.2007.103.

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Abstract A light-colored rosin glycerol ester was synthesized from gum rosin and glycerol in the presence of a highly effective decolorizing agent. The effects of the type and dosage of the decolorizing agent and the reaction temperature and time on the yield, softening point, color, and acid number of the rosin glycerol ester were investigated. Experimental results showed that 4,4′-thio-bis(6-tert-butyl-3-methyl phenol) was the best decolorizing agent. It promoted esterification at an optimal dosage of 0.5% (based on the weight percentage of starting material rosin). Suitable conditions for e

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11

Kadhum, Abdul Amir Hassan, Mohd Najib Baharu, and Mohd Hilmi Mahmood. "Elastic Polyesters from Glycerol and Azelaic Acid." Advanced Materials Research 233-235 (May 2011): 2571–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.233-235.2571.

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Elastic polyester from glycerol and azelaic acid with different molar ratio was synthesized by simple catalyst-free esterification reaction. The ratio of azelaic acid to glycerol used in this experiment was 1:2, 1:1 and 2:1. The polyester with ratio 1:2 and 1:1 appear as clear, bubble free, non tacky and flexible after 48 hours at 125°C while the polyester with the ratio of 2:1 was cured after extension of 60 hours. The formation of ester bonds of the polyester produced is detected on the monomer molecular ratio and also on the efficiency of water removal during esterification process.

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12

Viswanadham, Nagabhatla, Suman Debnath, Sandeep K. Saxena, and Ala'a H. Al-Muhtaseb. "Carbonized glycerol nanotubes as efficient catalysts for biofuel production." RSC Advances 6, no. 47 (2016): 41364–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra04919b.

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Highly acid functionalized carbonized glycerol nano tubes obtained by a simple, single step carbonization acted as an efficient and stable solid acid catalyst for acetalization of glycerol and esterification of levulinic acid to produce biofuel.

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13

Villeneuve, P., T. A. Foglia, T. J. Mangos, and A. NuɁez. "Synthesis of polyfunctional glycerol esters: Lipase-Catalyzed esterification of glycerol with diesters." Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society 75, no. 11 (1998): 1545–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11746-998-0092-x.

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14

Souza, Tatiane F. C., Newton L. Ferreira, Maristhela Marin, and Roberto Guardani. "Glycerol Esterification with Acetic Acid by Reactive Distillation Using Hexane as an Entrainer." International Journal of Chemical Engineering and Applications 8, no. 6 (2017): 344–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/ijcea.2017.8.6.681.

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15

Zhu, Jie, Peng-cheng Wang, and Ming Lu. "Study on the one-pot oxidative esterification of glycerol with MOF supported polyoxometalates as catalyst." Catalysis Science & Technology 5, no. 6 (2015): 3383–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5cy00102a.

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16

Mufrodi, Zahrul, and Shinta Amelia. "Esterification of Glycerol with Acetic Acid in Bioadditive Triacetin with Fe₂O₃/Activated Carbon Catalyst." Key Engineering Materials 849 (June 2020): 125–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.849.125.

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Esterification and transesterification processes for biodiesel production generate glycerol which is possible to be converted into triacetin. It is an actractive bioadditive for increasing octane number of fuel. The production of this bioadditive in a biodiesel plant also increases the revenue as raw material comes from biodiesel process production as by-product.This study examines the effects of catalyst concentration and temperature on triacetin production using glycerol from esterification process and acetic acid at volume ratio of 1:3 as raw materials. An activated charcoal as catalyst is

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17

Prasetyo, Ari Eko, Anggra Widhi, and W. Widayat. "POTENSI GLISEROL DALAM PEMBUATAN TURUNAN GLISEROL MELALUI PROSES ESTERIFIKASI." Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan 10, no. 1 (2012): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jil.10.1.26-31.

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ABSTRAK Gliserol dapat diproduksi dalam proses produksi biodiesel sebagai hasil samping dari reaksi transesterifikasi. Gliserol berpotensi sebagai bahan baku dan dikonversi menjadi produk yang berpotensi lebih.Banyak penelitian yang telah dilakukan untuk memperoleh turunan gliserol. Di dalam proses ini ini digunakan reaksi esterifikasi, yang merupakan reaksi antara asam karboksilat dengan alcohol. Gliserol merupakan senyawa alcohol dengan gugus hidroksil berjumlah tiga gugus. Produk-produk yang dapat diproduksi meliputi gliserol trihepanoat, gliserol monostearat, lesithin, Tri Tetra Butil glis

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18

Gonzalez-Arellano, Camino, Rick A. D. Arancon, and Rafael Luque. "Al-SBA-15 catalysed cross-esterification and acetalisation of biomass-derived platform chemicals." Green Chem. 16, no. 12 (2014): 4985–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4gc01105h.

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19

Yesiloglu, Yesim, and Ismail Kilic. "Lipase-catalyzed esterification of glycerol and oleic acid." Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society 81, no. 3 (2004): 281–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11746-004-0896-5.

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20

Raemas, A. F. A., J. Cahyonugroho, A. D. Wicaksono, R. L. Dewi, and Hadiyanto. "Ultrasound-assisted Esterification of Glycerol for Triacetin Production." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1053, no. 1 (2021): 012062. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1053/1/012062.

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21

Budhijanto, Budhijanto, Deddy Wirata, and Kurniawan Kurniawan. "GLYPTAL SYNTHESIS FROM GLYCEROL AND PHTHALIC ANHYDRIDE USING ACTIVATED ZEOLITE AS HETEROGENEOUS CATALYST AND ITS COMPARISON TO HOMOGENEOUS p-TOLUENESULFONIC ACID CATALYST." Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan 6, no. 2 (2018): 175–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/jbat.v6i2.12065.

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The abundance of glycerol as the side product of biodiesel has motivated researches on glycerol utilization as a feedstock for more valuable products. This research presents the possibility of producing polyester (glyptal), which is a widely used coating material, from glycerol by esterification using phthalic anhydride. Esterification reaction of phthalic anhydride and glycerol to produce glyptal can be catalyzed by Lewis acid provided by either homogeneous or heterogeneous catalyst. This study compared the performance of activated zeolite as heterogeneous catalyst in the esterification of gl

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22

Noriega-Rodriguez, Juan Antonio, Esther Carrillo-Perez, Nohemi Gamez-Meza, Luis A. Medina-Juarez, Ramiro Baeza-Jimenez, and Hugo S. Garcia. "Optimization of the Lipase Catalyzed Production of Structured Acylglycerols With Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Isolated From Sardine Oil." Journal of Food Research 2, no. 6 (2013): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jfr.v2n6p97.

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<p>In the present work, direct enzyme-catalyzed esterification of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) isolated from sardine oil was optimized to obtain structured acyglycerols. A n-3 PUFA concentrate was prepared by urea crystallization of refined sardine oil and esterification was carried out mixing free fatty acids and glycerol at different molar ratios (<em>M</em> = 0.48, 1.5, 3.0, 4.5 and 5.52 mol/mol), using an immobilized lipase preparation from <em>Candida antarctica</em> (NV-435) at different temperatures (<em>T</em> = 38, 45, 55, 65 and

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23

Axelsson, A., A. Antoine-Michard, and H. Sundén. "Organocatalytic valorisation of glycerol via a dual NHC-catalysed telescoped reaction." Green Chemistry 19, no. 11 (2017): 2477–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7gc00471k.

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24

Zhang, Pingbo, Chengguang Yue, Mingming Fan, Agus Haryonob, Yan Leng, and Pingping Jiang. "The selective oxidation of glycerol over metal-free photocatalysts: insights into the solvent effect on catalytic efficiency and product distribution." Catalysis Science & Technology 11, no. 10 (2021): 3385–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1cy00360g.

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Solvent effect in selective aerobic oxidation of glycerol over O-doped g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> was studied combining with control experiments and DFT theory calculation. Notably, a novel oxidative esterification of glycerol to yield esters was discovered in CH<sub>3</sub>CN.

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25

Fauzi, Rizky Achmad, Silvester Tursiloadi, Adid Adep Dwiatmoko, et al. "Performance of Modified Natural Zeolites by Sodium Hydroxide Treatments in The Esterification of Glycerol and Oleic Acid." Jurnal Kimia Valensi 5, no. 2 (2019): 236–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/jkv.v5i2.9976.

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Esterification is the reaction of the formation of an ester compound by reacting an alcohol compound and carboxylic acid. In this study, the performance of zeolite-based catalysts has been studied for esterification reactions. Modification of zeolite pore size was done to be hierarchical zeolite, with the aim of increasing the catalytic properties of zeolite. The modification was carried out by desilication by sodium hydroxide treatment with a variation of 0.1; 0.3; 0.5 M. The resulting catalyst was then characterized using BET and XRD. Furthermore, the catalyst was tested for activity for est

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26

Kralovec, Jaroslav A., Weijie Wang, and Colin J. Barrow. "Production of Omega-3 Triacylglycerol Concentrates using a New Food Grade Immobilized Candida antarctica Lipase B." Australian Journal of Chemistry 63, no. 6 (2010): 922. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch10087.

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Triacylglycerol concentrates of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic omega-3 fatty acids were synthesized either via transesterification or esterification of glycerol with the corresponding ethyl ester or free fatty acid concentrates, respectively. A newly developed food grade immobilized Candida antarctica lipase B system using an Amberlite FPX-66 hydrophobic matrix, was compared with a commercially available non-food grade commercial system, for their ability to catalyze these reactions. For either system, the transesterification required higher temperature (90°C) than esterification (70°C)

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27

García-Martín, Juan, Francisco Alés-Álvarez, Miguel Torres-García, Chao-Hui Feng, and Paloma Álvarez-Mateos. "Production of Oxygenated Fuel Additives from Residual Glycerine Using Biocatalysts Obtained from Heavy-Metal-Contaminated Jatropha curcas L. Roots." Energies 12, no. 4 (2019): 740. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12040740.

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This work aims to shed light on the use of two biochars, obtained from the pyrolysis at 550 °C of heavy-metal-contaminated Jatropha curcas L. roots, as heterogeneous catalysts for glycerol esterification using residual glycerine. To do this, glycerine from biodiesel production was purified. In a first step, H3PO4 or H2SO4 was used to remove non-glycerol organic matter. The glycerol-rich phase was then extracted with ethanol or propanol, which increased the glycerol content from 43.2% to up to 100%. Subsequently, the esterification of both purified glycerine and commercial USP glycerine was ass

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28

Hamzah, Dzikri, Taufik Rinaldi, Marwan Marwan, and Wahyu Rinaldi. "Synthesis of Triacetin Catalyzed by Activated Natural Zeolite Under Microwave Irradiation." Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan 8, no. 1 (2019): 01–07. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/jbat.v8i1.14028.

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Esterification of glycerol with acetic acid under microwave irradiation in the presence of activated natural zeolite was investigated. Natural zeolite was collected from Ujung Pancu (Aceh Besar) and chemically activated with hydrochloric acid. The reaction was carried out in a stirred glass flask reactor placed inside microwave oven. Experimental variables include microwave transmission time, molar ratio of glycerol to acetic acid, and catalyst loading. XRD profile of activated zeolite showed an increase of Si/Al ratio to 6.042 and the crystallinity decreased slightly by 12.23%, mainly due to

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29

Li, Wen Cai, Huan Huan Zhang, Yan Ling Li, and Chang Qing Fu. "Synthesis and Characterization of Thiol Functional Cyclic Carbonate." Advanced Materials Research 1095 (March 2015): 377–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1095.377.

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(2-one-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl) methyl 3-mercaptopropanoate(DMMP), which can be used for Michael addition reaction, was synthesized through two simple routs. First, glycerol carbonate was synthesized under mild conditions without any solvent, using glycerol and dimethyl carbonate as raw materials by green chemistry way. Then DMMP was obtained by simple esterification reaction of glycerol carbonate and 3-mercaptopropionic acid. The structure of them was characterized by 1H NMR and FTIR.

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30

Cavalcante, Kiany S. B., Mitchell G. S. Da Silva, Francisco S. M. Sifrônio, et al. "OXYGENATED GLYCEROL DERIVATIVES AS AN ALTERNATIVE SOURCE OF ENERGY: A REVIEW." Eclética Química Journal 36, no. 4 (2017): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.26850/1678-4618eqj.v36.4.2011.p54-61.

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Due to the excessive production of crude glycerol by the Brazilian biodiesel industries, the commercial interest for glycerol derivatives has widely increased. Therefore, several methodologies have been proposed for such purpose, combining the reuse of this abundant raw material with new applications. In such context, this review summarizes a number of works focused on oxygenated glycerol derivatives production, regarding the reactions mechanisms (etherification, acetalization, esterification, and fermentation) and the physicochemical chemical properties and application. Thus, this work aims t

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31

Widiyarti, Galuh, Muhammad Hanafi, and Wahyudi Priyono Soewarso. "STUDY ON THE SYNTHESIS OF MONOLAURIN AS ANTIBACTERIAL AGENT AGAINTS Staphylococcus aureus." Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 9, no. 1 (2010): 99–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.21569.

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The monolaurin compound had been synthesized from lauric acid and glycerol by using sulfuric acid (H2SO4) as catalyst. The synthesis of monolaurin was done by batch esterification on the free solvent system. The esterification reaction was performed on the equivalent mol ratio between lauric acid and glycerol 1:1, in the presence of 5% H2SO4, at 130 °C, for 6 hours, produced ester compounds on 59.29%. The products of column chromatography on silica gel purification are monolaurin and dilaurin in amount of 31.05 and 4.48%, respectively. The monolaurin and dilaurin were identified by TLC, FTIR,

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32

Nishikawa, Masanobu, and Ken'ichi Ogawa. "Inhibition of Epsilon-Poly-l-Lysine Biosynthesis in Streptomycetaceae Bacteria by Short-Chain Polyols." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 72, no. 4 (2006): 2306–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.72.4.2306-2312.2006.

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ABSTRACT Antimicrobial epsilon-poly-l-lysine (ePL) is secreted by Streptomycetaceae bacteria, and the mechanism of ePL biosynthesis remains to be elucidated. We previously reported that an unknown ePL derivative accumulates in the culture medium of ePL-producing bacteria when glycerol is added to the culture medium (Nishikawa and Ogawa, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 68:3575-3581, 2002). In this study, by using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization—time of flight mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance, we identified the unknown derivative as the ester formed between the hydroxyl gro

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33

Marchetti, J. M. "Heterogeneous esterification of glycerol by using a gold catalyst." Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery 6, no. 4 (2016): 457–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13399-016-0202-1.

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34

Trejda, Maciej, Katarzyna Stawicka, Anna Dubinska, and Maria Ziolek. "Development of niobium containing acidic catalysts for glycerol esterification." Catalysis Today 187, no. 1 (2012): 129–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2011.10.033.

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35

Pudi, Satyanarayana Murty, Tarak Mondal, Prakash Biswas, Shalini Biswas та Shishir Sinha. "Conversion of Glycerol into Value-Added Products Over Cu–Ni Catalyst Supported on γ-Al2O3 and Activated Carbon". International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering 12, № 1 (2014): 151–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijcre-2013-0102.

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Abstract A series of Cu, Ni monometallic and bimetallic catalysts supported on γ-Al2O3 and activated carbon were synthesized by incipient wetness impregnation method and examined for hydrogenolysis and esterification of glycerol. Hydrogenolysis reaction was carried out in a 250 ml Teflon-coated stainless steel batch reactor at 250°C and 10 bar H2 pressure, whereas esterification of glycerol with acetic acid was carried out at 120°C at atmospheric pressure. The physiochemical properties of the catalysts were investigated by various techniques such as surface area, X-ray diffraction (XRD), NH3-t

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36

Vitiello, Rosa, Francesco Taddeo, Vincenzo Russo, et al. "Production of Sustainable Biochemicals by Means of Esterification Reaction and Heterogeneous Acid Catalysts." ChemEngineering 5, no. 3 (2021): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemengineering5030046.

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In recent years, the use of renewable raw materials for the production of chemicals has been the subject of different studies. In particular, the interest of the present study was the use of oleins, mixtures of free fatty acids (FFAs), and oleic acid to produce bio-based components for lubricants formulations and the investigation of the performance of a styrene-divinylbenzene acid resin (sPSB-SA) in the esterification reaction of fatty acids. This resin has shown good activity as a heterogeneous catalyst and high stability at elevated temperatures (180 °C). It was tested in the esterification

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37

de la Calle, Carlos, José M. Fraile, Enrique García-Bordejé, Elísabet Pires, and Laura Roldán. "Biobased catalyst in biorefinery processes: sulphonated hydrothermal carbon for glycerol esterification." Catalysis Science & Technology 5, no. 5 (2015): 2897–903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5cy00059a.

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The better performance of sulphonated hydrothermal carbon (SHTC) in glycerol esterification is attributed to cooperative effects. High conversions and high selectivity towards triesters are achieved and SHTC could be reused after regeneration.

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38

Zhou, Dan, Linlin Wang, Xiaopeng Chen, et al. "A novel acid catalyst based on super/subcritical CO 2 -enriched water for the efficient esterification of rosin." Royal Society Open Science 5, no. 7 (2018): 171031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.171031.

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Rosin esters are widely applied as masticatory substances and beverage stabilizers, while classical acid-catalysed processes will lead to metal residue or environmental issues. Super/subcritical CO 2 –enriched high temperature liquid water (HTLW) as a green acid catalyst in the esterification reaction of rosin with glycerol was investigated. The pH of CO 2 –H 2 O binary system, as calculated based on gas–liquid equilibrium, charge balance and chemical equilibrium equations, ranged from 3.49 to 3.70 depending on the reaction conditions, indicating effective acid catalysis. Response surface meth

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Carlucci, Claudia. "A Focus on the Transformation Processes for the Valorization of Glycerol Derived from the Production Cycle of Biofuels." Catalysts 11, no. 2 (2021): 280. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal11020280.

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Glycerol is a valuable by-product in the biodiesel industries. However, the increase in biodiesel production resulted in an excess production of glycerol, with a limited market compared to its availability. Precisely because glycerol became a waste to be disposed of, the costs of biodiesel production have reduced. From an environmental point of view, identifying reactions that can convert glycerol into new products that can be reused in different applications has become a real necessity. According to the unique structural characteristics of glycerol, transformation processes can lead to differ

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Kamjornsupamitr, Trin, Andrew J. Hunt, and Nontipa Supanchaiyamat. "Development of hyperbranched crosslinkers from bio-derived platform molecules for the synthesis of epoxidised soybean oil based thermosets." RSC Advances 8, no. 65 (2018): 37267–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ra07133k.

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Carboxyl-terminated hyperbranched crosslinkers have been synthesised by the facile esterification of glycerol with succinic anhydride. Gly-SA crosslinkers were used to cure epoxidised soybean oil to yield fully bio-derived thermosetting resins.

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Journoux-Lapp, C., K. De Oliveira Vigier, C. Bachmann, et al. "Elucidation of the role of betaine hydrochloride in glycerol esterification: towards bio-based ionic building blocks." Green Chemistry 19, no. 23 (2017): 5647–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7gc02767b.

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The esterification of betaine hydrochloride with glycerol does not involve any carbocation intermediate as usual. This finding permits the synthesis of bio-based ionic building blocks with unprecedented yield and with space time yield.

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García Martín, Juan Francisco, Javier Carrión Ruiz, Miguel Torres García, Chao-Hui Feng, and Paloma Álvarez Mateos. "Esterification of Free Fatty Acids with Glycerol within the Biodiesel Production Framework." Processes 7, no. 11 (2019): 832. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr7110832.

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Companies in the field of the collection and treatment of waste cooking oils (WCO) for subsequent biodiesel production usually have to cope with high acidity oils, which cannot be directly transformed into fatty acid methyl esters due to soap production. Since glycerine is the main byproduct of biodiesel production, these high acidity oils could be esterified with the glycerine surplus to transform the free fatty acids (FFA) into triglycerides before performing the transesterification. In this work, commercial glycerol was esterified with commercial fatty acids and commercial fatty acid/lampan

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LUQUAIN, Céline, René DOLMAZON, Jean-Marie ENDERLIN, Christian LAUGIER, Michel LAGARDE, and Jean-François PAGEAUX. "Bis(monoacylglycerol) phosphate in rat uterine stromal cells: structural characterization and specific esterification of docosahexaenoic acid." Biochemical Journal 351, no. 3 (2000): 795–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3510795.

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In rat uterine stromal cells (UIII cells), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) was esterified extensively in alkenylacyl-glycerophosphoethanolamine and in an unknown phospholipid accounting for only 0.7% of the total phospholipid. The latter was identified as a bis(monoacylglycerol) phosphate (BMP) using MS. Incorporation studies using C18:3n-3 and C20:5n-3 demonstrated that BMP had a high specificity to incorporate DHA and C22 polyunsaturated fatty acids of the (n-3) series. By contrast, polyunsaturated fatty acids of the (n-6) series were never incorporated into BMP. Incubation of UIII cells with 5µM

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Chong, Fui Chin, Beng Ti Tey, Zanariah Mohd Dom, Nordin Ibrahim, Russly Abd Rahman, and Tau Chuan Ling. "An Intensified Esterification Process of Palm Oil Fatty Acid Distillate Catalyzed by Delipidated Rice Bran Lipase." Scientific World JOURNAL 6 (2006): 1124–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2006.213.

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An intensified esterification process was operated by circulating 10 l of reaction mixtures, consisting of palm oil fatty acid distillate (PFAD) and glycerol in hexane, through a packed-bed reactor (PBR) filled with 10 kg of delipidated rice bran lipase (RBL). The influence of the process parameters, such as reaction temperature and type of water-removal agent, on the performance of this intensified esterification process were investigated. The highest degree of esterification (61%) was achieved at a reaction temperature of 65°C, using silica gels as the water-removal agent. Thin-layer chromat

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Prakoso, Tirto, Sarastri Cintya Hapsari, Pilanda Lembono, and Tatang H. Soerawidjaja. "Sintesis trigliserida rantai menengah melalui transesterifikasi gliserol dan asam-asam lemaknya." Jurnal Teknik Kimia Indonesia 5, no. 3 (2018): 520. http://dx.doi.org/10.5614/jtki.2006.5.3.7.

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Medium Chain Trigliceride (MCT) is a fat substitution which actually is an ester ofmedium ringfatty acid (C, - C,) from glycerol. MCT is not naturally available, so that MCT synthesis is needed. Hartman eta/ (1989) made MCT throught esterification with and without catalyst Zn and do the finishing of MCT product using vacum destilation. This study consisted of the application of Hartman's method to bring the esterification reaction with and without catalyst. The esterification reaction without catalyst performed at I70"C, in vacuum condition (P = 40 kPa) and in theflow ofN2 with ratio offatty a

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Carreau, Anne-Marie, Eunsook S. Jin, Yesenia Garcia-Reyes, et al. "A simple method to monitor hepatic gluconeogenesis and triglyceride synthesis following oral sugar tolerance test in obese adolescents." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 317, no. 1 (2019): R134—R142. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00047.2019.

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Hepatic energy metabolism is a key element in many metabolic diseases. Hepatic anaplerosis provides carbons for gluconeogenesis (GNG) and triglyceride (TG) synthesis. We aimed to optimize a protocol that measures hepatic anaplerotic contribution for GNG, TG synthesis, and hepatic pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) activity using a single dose of oral [U−13C3]glycerol paired with an oral sugar tolerance test (OSTT) in a population with significant insulin resistance. The OSTT (75 g glucose + 25 g fructose) was administered to eight obese adolescents with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) followed

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Mat, Ramli, Junaidah Buhari, Mahadhir Mohamed, Anwar Johari, Tuan Amran Tuan Abdullah, and Asmadi Ali. "Preparation of Ni Loaded on Zeolite and its Application for Conversion of Glycerol to Hydrogen." Advanced Materials Research 845 (December 2013): 457–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.845.457.

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Glycerol is the main by-product of biodiesel production and during the trans-esterification reaction, about 10 wt % of glycerol is produced. In this study, different amount of Ni was loaded on HZSM-5 and tested for the conversion of glycerol to hydrogen. The studies were also conducted at different reactor temperature of 450, 500, 550, 600 and 650°C respectively. The structural characterization of the catalyst was carried out using the XRD. It was found that, the addition of 15 wt % of nickel loaded on HZSM-5 shows the highest glycerol conversion of 98.54%. In addition, it produces the highest

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Laipniece, Lauma, Zane Abelniece, and Valdis Kampars. "Analysis of Products Obtained in Chemical Interesterification of Rapeseed Oil with Methyl Formate." Key Engineering Materials 800 (April 2019): 93–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.800.93.

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Chemical interesterification is one possible way to produce biofuel from vegetable oils. Rapeseed oil interesterification with methyl formate using 1M tBuOK catalyst in tBuOH yields product in two layers. The upper layer contains fatty acid esters. Analysis of lower layer by 13C NMR method shows that it contains glycerol and glycerol formates. To develop quantitative determination methods using HPLC and GC, glycerol formates are synthesized in Fisher esterification reaction and used as standards. HPLC analysis is fast, but suitable only for determination of diformin and triformin. GC analysis

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Liao, Xiaoyuan, Yulei Zhu, Sheng-Guang Wang, and Yongwang Li. "Producing triacetylglycerol with glycerol by two steps: Esterification and acetylation." Fuel Processing Technology 90, no. 7-8 (2009): 988–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2009.03.015.

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Nakano, Hirofumi, Sumio Kitahata, Yoshio Tominaga, and Shigeyuki Takenishi. "Esterification of Glycosides with Glycerol and Trimethylolpropane Moieties byCandida cylidraceaLipase." Agricultural and Biological Chemistry 55, no. 8 (1991): 2083–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1991.10870901.

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