Academic literature on the topic 'Glycerol signaling'

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Journal articles on the topic "Glycerol signaling"

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Hohmann, Stefan. "Osmotic Stress Signaling and Osmoadaptation in Yeasts." Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews 66, no. 2 (2002): 300–372. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mmbr.66.2.300-372.2002.

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SUMMARY The ability to adapt to altered availability of free water is a fundamental property of living cells. The principles underlying osmoadaptation are well conserved. The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is an excellent model system with which to study the molecular biology and physiology of osmoadaptation. Upon a shift to high osmolarity, yeast cells rapidly stimulate a mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase cascade, the high-osmolarity glycerol (HOG) pathway, which orchestrates part of the transcriptional response. The dynamic operation of the HOG pathway has been well studied, and similar
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Ismail, Alaa, Ahmed Salah, Adel Guirgis, Shaden Muawia, and Hany Khalil. "Glycerol-mediated lysosomal associated proteins as a novel anticancer theory in colon cancer cell line." Journal of Internal Medicine: Science & Art 4 (May 25, 2023): 2–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.36013/jimsa.v4i.110.

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Background: Colon cancer begins in the large intestine (colon) and is aggressive due to late diagnosis, so there is a poor prognosis and higher mortality rates, as reported. Colon cancer has become a vital research area requiring more investigation of cellular signaling in its initiation and development. Aim: The study aimed to investigate the biological effects of Glycerol in cell proliferation and the possible regulation of cellular signaling by exogenous treatment of Glycerol in colon cancer cells compared with colon mucosal epithelial cells. 
 Materials and Methods: The influence of G
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Allmann, Stefan, Marion Wargnies, Nicolas Plazolles, et al. "Glycerol suppresses glucose consumption in trypanosomes through metabolic contest." PLOS Biology 19, no. 8 (2021): e3001359. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3001359.

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Microorganisms must make the right choice for nutrient consumption to adapt to their changing environment. As a consequence, bacteria and yeasts have developed regulatory mechanisms involving nutrient sensing and signaling, known as “catabolite repression,” allowing redirection of cell metabolism to maximize the consumption of an energy-efficient carbon source. Here, we report a new mechanism named “metabolic contest” for regulating the use of carbon sources without nutrient sensing and signaling. Trypanosoma brucei is a unicellular eukaryote transmitted by tsetse flies and causing human Afric
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Krantz, Marcus, Bodil Nordlander, Hadi Valadi, Mikael Johansson, Lena Gustafsson, and Stefan Hohmann. "Anaerobicity Prepares Saccharomyces cerevisiae Cells for Faster Adaptation to Osmotic Shock." Eukaryotic Cell 3, no. 6 (2004): 1381–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.3.6.1381-1390.2004.

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ABSTRACT Yeast cells adapt to hyperosmotic shock by accumulating glycerol and altering expression of hundreds of genes. This transcriptional response of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to osmotic shock encompasses genes whose products are implicated in protection from oxidative damage. We addressed the question of whether osmotic shock caused oxidative stress. Osmotic shock did not result in the generation of detectable levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). To preclude any generation of ROS, osmotic shock treatments were performed in anaerobic cultures. Global gene expression response profiles wer
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Zhang, Zhao, Diana M. Iglesias, Rachel Corsini, LeeLee Chu та Paul Goodyer. "WNT/β-Catenin Signaling Is Required for Integration of CD24+Renal Progenitor Cells into Glycerol-Damaged Adult Renal Tubules". Stem Cells International 2015 (2015): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/391043.

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During development, nephron progenitor cells (NPC) are induced to differentiate by WNT9b signals from the ureteric bud. Although nephrogenesis ends in the perinatal period, acute kidney injury (AKI) elicits repopulation of damaged nephrons. Interestingly, embryonic NPC infused into adult mice with AKI are incorporated into regenerating tubules. Since WNT/β-catenin signaling is crucial for primary nephrogenesis, we reasoned that it might also be needed for the endogenous repair mechanism and for integration of exogenous NPC. When we examined glycerol-induced AKI in adult mice bearing aβ-catenin
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Nath, Karl A., John D. Belcher, Meryl C. Nath, et al. "Role of TLR4 signaling in the nephrotoxicity of heme and heme proteins." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 314, no. 5 (2018): F906—F914. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00432.2017.

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Destabilized heme proteins release heme, and free heme is toxic. Heme is now recognized as an agonist for the Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4) receptor. This study examined whether the TLR4 receptor mediates the nephrotoxicity of heme, specifically, the effects of heme on renal blood flow and inflammatory responses. We blocked TLR4 signaling by the specific antagonist TAK-242. Intravenous administration of heme to mice promptly reduced renal blood flow, an effect attenuated by TAK-242. In vitro, TAK-242 reduced heme-elicited activation of NF-κB and its downstream gene monocyte chemoattractant prote
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Mugabo, Yves, Shangang Zhao, Julien Lamontagne та ін. "Metabolic fate of glucose and candidate signaling and excess-fuel detoxification pathways in pancreatic β-cells". Journal of Biological Chemistry 292, № 18 (2017): 7407–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m116.763060.

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Glucose metabolism promotes insulin secretion in β-cells via metabolic coupling factors that are incompletely defined. Moreover, chronically elevated glucose causes β-cell dysfunction, but little is known about how cells handle excess fuels to avoid toxicity. Here we sought to determine which among the candidate pathways and coupling factors best correlates with glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS), define the fate of glucose in the β-cell, and identify pathways possibly involved in excess-fuel detoxification. We exposed isolated rat islets for 1 h to increasing glucose concentrations a
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Zeng, Changjun, Keyi Tang, Lian He, et al. "Effects of glycerol on apoptotic signaling pathways during boar spermatozoa cryopreservation." Cryobiology 68, no. 3 (2014): 395–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cryobiol.2014.03.008.

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Bełtowski, Jerzy, and Krzysztof Wiórkowski. "Role of Hydrogen Sulfide and Polysulfides in the Regulation of Lipolysis in the Adipose Tissue: Possible Implications for the Pathogenesis of Metabolic Syndrome." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 3 (2022): 1346. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23031346.

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Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and inorganic polysulfides are important signaling molecules; however, little is known about their role in the adipose tissue. We examined the effect of H2S and polysulfides on adipose tissue lipolysis. H2S and polysulfide production by mesenteric adipose tissue explants in rats was measured. The effect of Na2S and Na2S4, the H2S and polysulfide donors, respectively, on lipolysis markers, plasma non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and glycerol, was examined. Na2S but not Na2S4 increased plasma NEFA and glycerol in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Na2S increased cyclic AM
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Zager, Richard A., and Ali C. M. Johnson. "Acute kidney injury induces dramatic p21 upregulation via a novel, glucocorticoid-activated, pathway." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 316, no. 4 (2019): F674—F681. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00571.2018.

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The cyclin kinase inhibitor p21 is acutely upregulated during acute kidney injury (AKI) and exerts cytoprotective effects. A proposed mechanism is oxidant stress-induced activation of p53, the dominant p21 transcription factor. Glycerol-induced rhabdomyolysis induces profound renal oxidant stress. Hence, we studied this AKI model to determine whether p53 activation corresponds with p21 gene induction and/or whether alternative mechanism(s) might be involved. CD-1 mice were subjected to glycerol-induced AKI. After 4 or 18 h, plasma, urinary, and renal cortical p21 protein and mRNA levels were a
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Glycerol signaling"

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Zhang, Michael Sining. "Characterizing how glycerol monolaurate (GML) affects human T cell signaling and function." Diss., University of Iowa, 2018. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/6347.

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The T cell receptor (TCR) activation induced signaling cascade is a major driver of T cell effector responses such as cytokine production and actin cytoskeletal rearrangement. Characterizing chemical modulators of this pathway has the benefits of both revealing basic science knowledge about these signaling processes and providing foundation for development of novel therapeutics. Glycerol Monolaurate (GML) is a naturally occurring fatty acid monoester that is found as a monoglyceride in human breast milk and coconut oil. It is widely utilized in food, cosmetics, and homeopathic supplements. GML
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Chanda, Bidisha. "GLYCEROL-3-PHOSPHATE IS A NOVEL REGULATOR OF BASAL AND INDUCED DEFENSE SIGNALING IN PLANTS." UKnowledge, 2012. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/plantpath_etds/16.

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Plants use several strategies to defend themselves against microbial pathogens. These include basal resistance, which is induced in response to pathogen encoded effector proteins, and resistance (R) protein-mediated resistance that is activated upon direct or indirect recognition of pathogen encoded avirulence protein(s). The activation of Rmediated signaling is often associated with generation of a signal, which, upon its translocation to the distal uninfected parts, confers broad-spectrum immunity against related or unrelated pathogens. This phenomenon known as systemic acquired resistance (
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Mandal, Mihir Kumar. "MOLECULAR AND BIOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF OLEATE- AND GLYCEROL-3-PHOSPHATE-REGULATED SIGNALING IN PLANTS." UKnowledge, 2012. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/plantpath_etds/3.

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Oleic acid (18:1), a monounsaturated fatty acid (FA), is synthesized upon desaturation of stearic acid (18:0) and this reaction is catalyzed by the plastidal enzyme stearoyl-acyl carrier protein-desaturase (SACPD). A mutation in the SSI2/FAB2 encoded SACPD lowers 18:1 levels, which correlates with induction of various resistance (R) genes and increased resistance to pathogens. Genetic and molecular studies have identified several suppressors of ssi2 which restore altered defense signaling either by normalizing 18:1 levels or by affecting function(s) of a downstream component. Characterization
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Venugopal, Srivathsa C. "MOLECULAR, GENETIC AND BIOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF OLEIC ACID- AND GLYCEROL-MEDIATED SIGNALING IN PLANT DEFENSE." UKnowledge, 2008. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/plantpath_etds/11.

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Oleic acid (18:1) is one of the important monounsaturated fatty acids, which is synthesized upon desaturation of stearic acid and this reaction is catalyzed by the SSI2 encoded stearoyl-acyl-carrier-protein-desaturase. A mutation in SSI2 leads to constitutive activation of salicylic acid (SA)-mediated defense responses. Consequently, these plants accumulate high levels of SA and show enhanced resistance to bacterial and oomycete pathogens. Replenishing 18:1 levels in ssi2 plants, via a second site mutation in GLY1 encoded glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P) dehydrogenase, suppresses all the ssi2-trigge
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Romelfanger, Claire Theresa 1982. "Signaling specificity in the filamentous growth pathway of Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/11260.

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xii, 41 p. : ill.<br>Cells convey information through signaling pathways. Distinct signaling pathways often rely on similar mechanisms and may even use the same molecules. With a variety of signals conveyed by pathways that share components, how does the cell maintain the integrity of each pathway? Budding yeast provides an example of multiple signaling pathways utilizing the same components to transduce different signals. The mating pathway, the high osmolarity glycerol (HOG) pathway and the filamentous growth (FG) pathway each respond to different environmental conditions and generate uni
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El-Shetehy, Mohamed H. "Molecular and Biochemical Signaling Underlying Arabidopsis-Bacterial/Virus/Fungal Interactions." UKnowledge, 2016. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/plantpath_etds/19.

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Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is a form of inducible defense response triggered upon localized infection that confers broad-spectrum disease resistance against secondary infections. Several factors are known to regulate SAR and these include phenolic phytohormone salicylic acid (SA), phosphorylated sugar glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P), and dicarboxylic acid azelaic acid (AzA). This study evaluated a role for free radicals nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in SAR. Normal accumulation of both NO and ROS was required for normal SAR and mutations preventing NO/ROS accumulation a
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El, Kadri Mohammad. "Role(s) of glycerol metabolism in the biology of African trypanosomes." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BORD0456.

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Trypanosoma brucei, un parasite extracellulaire responsable de la trypanosomiase africaine, doit s’adapter à différents environnements dans ses hôtes mammifères et l’insecte vecteur (la mouche tsétsé). Dans le sang des mammifères, le glucose est la principale source de carbone soutenant une croissance rapide du parasite, en alimentant son métabolisme et la production d'ATP. Lorsque les formes sanguines prolifératives « slender » atteignent des densités cellulaires élevées, un quorum sensing induit leur différenciation en formes non réplicatives « stumpy » (stumpy-QS). Ces formes stumpy-QS prot
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Book chapters on the topic "Glycerol signaling"

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Tolias, Kimberley F., and Christopher L. Carpenter. "Enzymes involved in the synthesis of PtdIns(4,5)P2 and their regulation: PtdIns kinases and PtdInsP kinases." In Biology of Phosphoinositides. Oxford University PressOxford, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199637652.003.0003.

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Abstract Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PtdIns(4,5)P2) is a glycerol-phospholipid found predominantly in the inner leaflet of eukaryotic plasma membranes (Fig. 1). Although it constitutes less than 0.05% of total cellular phospholipids, PtdIns(4,5)P2 plays a critical role in intracellular signalling. PtdIns(4,5)P2 is best known for its ability to serve as a precursor for the second messengers inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (Ins(1,4,5)P3) and diacylglycerol (DAG). Ins(1,4,5)P3 and DAG are generated from the hydrolysis of PtdIns(4,5)P2 by phospholipases C (PLCs) following agonist stimulati
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Reports on the topic "Glycerol signaling"

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Jander, Georg, and Daniel Chamovitz. Investigation of growth regulation by maize benzoxazinoid breakdown products. United States Department of Agriculture, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2015.7600031.bard.

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Introduction Previous research had suggested that benzoxazinoids, a class of defensive metabolites found in maize, wheat, rye, and wild barley, are not only direct insect deterrents, but also influence other areas of plant metabolism. In particular, the benzoxazinoid 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-2H-1,4-benzoxa- zin-3(4H)- one (DIMBOA) was implicated in: (i) altering plant growth by interfering with auxin signaling, and (ii) leading to the induction of gene expression changes and secondary plant defense responses. The overall goal of this proposal was to identify mechanisms by which benzoxazinoids i
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