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Journal articles on the topic 'Glycine Metabolism'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Andreesen, Jan R. "Glycine metabolism in anaerobes." Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 66, no. 1-3 (1994): 223–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00871641.

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2

Schmidt, S., and G. R. Stewart. "Glycine metabolism by plant roots and its occurrence in Australian plant communities." Functional Plant Biology 26, no. 3 (1999): 253. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pp98116.

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Soluble organic nitrogen, including protein and amino acids, was found to be a ubiquitous form of soil N in diverse Australian environments. Fine roots of species representative of these environments were found to be active in the metabolism of glycine. The ability to incorporate [15N]glycine was widespread among plant species from subantarctic to tropical communities. In species from subantarctic herbfield, subtropical coral cay, subtropical rainforest and wet heathland, [15N]glycine incorporation ranged from 26 to 45 % of 15NH4+ incorporation and was 2- to 3-fold greater than 15NO3- incorpor

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3

Oliver, David J., Michel Neuburger, Jacques Bourguignon, and Roland Douce. "Glycine metabolism by plant mitochondria." Physiologia Plantarum 80, no. 3 (1990): 487–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1990.tb00072.x.

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4

Koopman, René, Marissa K. Caldow, Daniel J. Ham, and Gordon S. Lynch. "Glycine metabolism in skeletal muscle." Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition & Metabolic Care 20, no. 4 (2017): 237–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/mco.0000000000000383.

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5

Oliver, David J., Michel Neuburger, Jacques Bourguignon, and Roland Douce. "Glycine metabolism by plant mitochondria." Physiologia Plantarum 80, no. 3 (1990): 487–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1399-3054.1990.800324.x.

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6

Sánchez-Castillo, Anaís, Marc Vooijs, and Kim R. Kampen. "Linking Serine/Glycine Metabolism to Radiotherapy Resistance." Cancers 13, no. 6 (2021): 1191. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13061191.

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The activation of de novo serine/glycine biosynthesis in a subset of tumors has been described as a major contributor to tumor pathogenesis, poor outcome, and treatment resistance. Amplifications and mutations of de novo serine/glycine biosynthesis enzymes can trigger pathway activation; however, a large group of cancers displays serine/glycine pathway overexpression induced by oncogenic drivers and unknown regulatory mechanisms. A better understanding of the regulatory network of de novo serine/glycine biosynthesis activation in cancer might be essential to unveil opportunities to target tumo

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7

House, James D., Beatrice N. Hall, and John T. Brosnan. "Threonine metabolism in isolated rat hepatocytes." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 281, no. 6 (2001): E1300—E1307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.2001.281.6.e1300.

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The removal of the 1-carbon of threonine can occur via threonine dehydrogenase or threonine aldolase, this carbon ending up in glycine to be liberated by the mitochondrial glycine cleavage system and producing CO2. Alternatively, in the threonine dehydratase pathway, the 1-carbon ends up in α-ketobutyrate, which is oxidized in the mitochondria to CO2. Rat hepatocytes, incubated in Krebs-Henseleit medium, were incubated with 0.5 mMl-[1-14C]threonine, and14CO2 production was measured. Added glycine (0.3 mM) marginally suppressed threonine oxidation. Cysteamine (0.5 mM), a potent inhibitor of the

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8

Alves, Anaïs, Arthur Bassot, Anne-Laure Bulteau, Luciano Pirola, and Béatrice Morio. "Glycine Metabolism and Its Alterations in Obesity and Metabolic Diseases." Nutrients 11, no. 6 (2019): 1356. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11061356.

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Glycine is the proteinogenic amino-acid of lowest molecular weight, harboring a hydrogen atom as a side-chain. In addition to being a building-block for proteins, glycine is also required for multiple metabolic pathways, such as glutathione synthesis and regulation of one-carbon metabolism. Although generally viewed as a non-essential amino-acid, because it can be endogenously synthesized to a certain extent, glycine has also been suggested as a conditionally essential amino acid. In metabolic disorders associated with obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2DM), and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAF

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9

Melnychuk, I. O., and V. H. Lyzogub. "Plasma amino acids spectrum as an important part of metabolomic pattern in patients with coronary artery disease and atrial fibrillation." Medicni perspektivi 28, no. 4 (2023): 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.26641/2307-0404.2023.4.293976.

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The aim of our work was to estimate the plasma amino acid (AA) spectrum peculiarities in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and to check their connections with cardiometabolic risk factors and gu, microbiota metabolites. 300 patients were divided into three groups: first – 149 patients with CAD but without arrhythmias, second – 123 patients with CAD and AF paroxysm and control group – 28 patients without CAD and arrhythmias. Plasma AA level was detected by ion exchange liquid column chromatography method. The plasma AA spectrum changes in CAD patients with AF

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10

Li, Yuchen, Kai Fan, Jiazhi Shen, et al. "Glycine-Induced Phosphorylation Plays a Pivotal Role in Energy Metabolism in Roots and Amino Acid Metabolism in Leaves of Tea Plant." Foods 12, no. 2 (2023): 334. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12020334.

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Phosphorylation is the most extensive post-translational modification of proteins and thus regulates plant growth. However, the regulatory mechanism of phosphorylation modification on the growth of tea plants caused by organic nitrogen is still unclear. In order to explore the phosphorylation modification mechanism of tea plants in response to organic nitrogen, we used glycine as the only nitrogen source and determined and analyzed the phosphorylated proteins in tea plants by phosphoproteomic analysis. The results showed that the phosphorylation modification induced by glycine-supply played im

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11

Rybicka, Hanna. "Metabolism of hypoxanthine in wheat shoots." Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae 43, no. 4 (2015): 485–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/asbp.1974.046.

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The incorporation of [<sup>14</sup>C] glycine and [8-<sup>l4</sup>C] hypoxanthine to some purine derivatives in overground parts of wheat seedlings was studied. It was found that adenylic acid could be synthesized from glycine and also from free hypoxanthine and in both processes inosinic acid is an intermediate metabolite.

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12

Amelio, Ivano, Francesca Cutruzzolá, Alexey Antonov, Massimiliano Agostini, and Gerry Melino. "Serine and glycine metabolism in cancer." Trends in Biochemical Sciences 39, no. 4 (2014): 191–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tibs.2014.02.004.

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13

Weinberg, J. M., D. N. Buchanan, J. A. Davis, and M. Abarzua. "Metabolic aspects of protection by glycine against hypoxic injury to isolated proximal tubules." Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 1, no. 7 (1991): 949–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1681/asn.v17949.

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To clarify the roles of butyrate and acylglycine formation in hypoxic proximal tubule cell injury and protection by glycine and to test the contribution of iodoacetate-suppressible metabolism to protection, (1) it was determined whether protection by glycine is fully expressed when glucose, lactate, alanine, and butyrate are replaced by alpha-ketoglutarate as the sole substrate for the tubules, (2) butyrate metabolism and acylglycine formation were directly measured in control and hypoxic preparations, and (3) it was assessed whether injury produced by iodoacetate, a potent inhibitor of glycol

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14

Razak, Meerza Abdul, Pathan Shajahan Begum, Buddolla Viswanath, and Senthilkumar Rajagopal. "Multifarious Beneficial Effect of Nonessential Amino Acid, Glycine: A Review." Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2017 (2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/1716701.

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Glycine is most important and simple, nonessential amino acid in humans, animals, and many mammals. Generally, glycine is synthesized from choline, serine, hydroxyproline, and threonine through interorgan metabolism in which kidneys and liver are the primarily involved. Generally in common feeding conditions, glycine is not sufficiently synthesized in humans, animals, and birds. Glycine acts as precursor for several key metabolites of low molecular weight such as creatine, glutathione, haem, purines, and porphyrins. Glycine is very effective in improving the health and supports the growth and

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15

Park, Su Hwan, Yun-Yong Park, and Jong-Ho Lee. "Abstract 3087: The m6A methyltransferase RBM15 drives the growth of triple-negative breast cancer cells through the stimulation of serine and glycine metabolism." Cancer Research 84, no. 6_Supplement (2024): 3087. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2024-3087.

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Abstract N6-adenosine methylation (m6A) is critical for controlling cancer cell growth and tumorigenesis. However, the function and detailed mechanism of how m6A methyltransferases modulate m6A levels on specific targets remains unknown. In the current study, we identified significantly elevated levels of RBM15, an m6A writer, in basal-like breast cancer (BC) patients compared to non-basal like BC and linked it to worse clinical outcome. Gene expression profiling uncovered correlations between RBM15 and serine and glycine metabolism genes including PHGDH, PSAT1, PSPH, and SHMT2. RBM15 influenc

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16

Lowry, M., D. E. Hall, M. S. Hall, and J. T. Brosnan. "Renal metabolism of amino acids in vivo: studies on serine and glycine fluxes." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 252, no. 2 (1987): F304—F309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.1987.252.2.f304.

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The pathway of serine synthesis by the rat kidney has been investigated in vivo by measuring the net flux in the presence and absence of specific inhibitors of the glycine cleavage system, phosphoenol-pyruvate carboxykinase and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase. In normal animals serine release was 705 +/- 187 nmol X min-1 X animal-1, whereas glycine uptake was only 28% of this value. Inhibition of the glycine cleavage system (cysteamine infusion) resulted in a reversal of glycine flux with no change in serine production. In similar experiments with mercaptopicolinate serine release was decreased b

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17

Fu, Grace, Sabrina Molina, Sergey A. Krupenko, Susan Sumner, and Blake R. Rushing. "Untargeted Metabolomics Reveals Dysregulation of Glycine- and Serine-Coupled Metabolic Pathways in an ALDH1L1-Dependent Manner In Vivo." Metabolites 14, no. 12 (2024): 696. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo14120696.

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Background: ALDH1L1 plays a crucial role in folate metabolism, regulating the flow of one-carbon groups through the conversion of 10-formyltetrahydrofolate to tetrahydrofolate and CO2 in a NADP+-dependent reaction. The downregulation of ALDH1L1 promotes malignant tumor growth, and silencing of ALDH1L1 is commonly observed in many cancers. In a previous study, Aldh1l1 knockout (KO) mice were found to have an altered liver metabotype, including significant alterations in glycine and serine. Serine and glycine play crucial roles in pathways linked to cancer initiation and progression, including o

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18

Tan, Yee-Ling, Nga-Lai Sou, Feng-Yao Tang, et al. "Tracing Metabolic Fate of Mitochondrial Glycine Cleavage System Derived Formate In Vitro and In Vivo." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 22 (2020): 8808. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21228808.

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Folate-mediated one-carbon (1C) metabolism is a major target of many therapies in human diseases. Studies have focused on the metabolism of serine 3-carbon as it serves as a major source for 1C units. The serine 3-carbon enters the mitochondria transferred by folate cofactors and eventually converted to formate and serves as a major building block for cytosolic 1C metabolism. Abnormal glycine metabolism has been reported in many human pathological conditions. The mitochondrial glycine cleavage system (GCS) catalyzes glycine degradation to CO2 and ammonium, while tetrahydrofolate (THF) is conve

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19

NARKEWICZ, Michael R., S. David SAULS, Susan S. TJOA, Cecilia TENG, and Paul V. FENNESSEY. "Evidence for intracellular partitioning of serine and glycine metabolism in Chinese hamster ovary cells." Biochemical Journal 313, no. 3 (1996): 991–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3130991.

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Serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT) is the primary enzyme in the interconversion of serine and glycine. The roles of mitochondrial and cytosolic SHMT in the interconversion of serine and glycine were determined in two Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell lines that both contain cytosolic SHMT but either have (CHOm+) or lack (CHOm-) mitochondrial SHMT. Mitochondrial SHMT activity was significantly reduced in CHOm- (0.24±0.11 nmol/min per mg of mitochondrial protein) compared with CHOm+ (3.21±0.66 nmol/min per mg of mitochondrial protein; P = 0.02) cells, whereas cytosolic SHMT activity was simil

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20

Young, Jonathan A., Silvana Duran-Ortiz, Stephen Bell, et al. "Growth Hormone Alters Circulating Levels of Glycine and Hydroxyproline in Mice." Metabolites 13, no. 2 (2023): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo13020191.

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Growth hormone (GH) has established effects on protein metabolism, such as increasing protein synthesis and decreasing amino acid degradation, but its effects on circulating amino acid levels are less studied. To investigate this relationship, metabolomic analyses were used to measure amino acid concentrations in plasma and feces of mice with alterations to the GH axis, namely bovine GH transgenic (bGH; increased GH action) and GH receptor knockout (GHRKO; GH resistant) mice. To determine the effects of acute GH treatment, GH-injected GH knockout (GHKO) mice were used to measure serum glycine.

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21

Patel, D. K., A. Ogunbona, L. J. Notarianni, and P. N. Bennett. "Depletion of Plasma Glycine and Effect of Glycine by Mouth on Salicylate Metabolism During Aspirin Overdose." Human & Experimental Toxicology 9, no. 6 (1990): 389–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096032719000900606.

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1 The metabolism of aspirin was investigated in 45 patients who had taken self-administered overdose of aspirin and were treated with fluids only, glycine, N-glycylglycine by mouth, or by sodium bicarbonate i.v. 2 The major metabolite recovered in the urine of patients treated with oral fluids, glycine or N-glycylglycine was salicyluric acid, which accounted for means of 51%, 47% and 38% of the total, respectively; salicylic acid comprised 19%, 29% and 29%. In contrast, salicylic acid (42%) was the major urinary metabolite recovered from patients treated with sodium bicarbonate. 3 Plasma glyci

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22

Weinberg, J. M., I. Nissim, N. F. Roeser, J. A. Davis, S. Schultz, and I. Nissim. "Relationships between intracellular amino acid levels and protection against injury to isolated proximal tubules." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 260, no. 3 (1991): F410—F419. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.1991.260.3.f410.

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Metabolism and cellular levels of glycine, alanine, and other relevant amino acids in proximal tubules were studied during models of acute injury and protection by glycine. Freeze-clamped, normal rabbit renal cortex was very rich in glycine (66.8 nmol/mg protein) and glutamate and also had substantial levels of taurine, alanine, glutamine, serine, and aspartate. Isolated proximal tubules were severely depleted of all these amino acids (glycine, 2.1 nmol/mg protein). During 37 degrees C incubation in presence of alanine, tubules recovered only glutamate to a level approximating that in vivo (38

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23

WHATLEY, F. R., W. C. GREENAWAY, and R. H. DUNSTAN. "Metabolism of glycine in carrot culture cells." Biochemical Society Transactions 14, no. 1 (1986): 112–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0140112.

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24

Cortinovis, S., V. Lucini, and A. Lucca. "SERINE AND GLYCINE METABOLISM IN SCHIZOPHRENIC PATIENTS." Clinical Neuropharmacology 15 (1992): 604B. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00002826-199202001-01178.

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25

Baruah, Sankar, Rafiq Waziri, and Arnold Sherman. "Neuroleptic effects on serine and glycine metabolism." Biological Psychiatry 34, no. 8 (1993): 544–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0006-3223(93)90197-l.

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26

Lucca, Adelio, Sebastiano Cortinovis, and Valentina Lucini. "Serine and glycine metabolism in schizophrenic patients." Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry 17, no. 6 (1993): 947–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0278-5846(93)90022-k.

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27

Beynen, A. C., and A. G. Lemmens. "Dietary glycine and cholesterol metabolism in rats." Zeitschrift für Ernährungswissenschaft 26, no. 3 (1987): 161–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02039137.

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28

Adeva-Andany, M., G. Souto-Adeva, E. Ameneiros-Rodríguez, C. Fernández-Fernández, C. Donapetry-García, and A. Domínguez-Montero. "Insulin resistance and glycine metabolism in humans." Amino Acids 50, no. 1 (2017): 11–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00726-017-2508-0.

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29

Hansen, C. P., F. Stadil, L. Yucun, and J. F. Rehfeld. "Pharmacokinetics and organ metabolism of carboxyamidated and glycine-extended gastrins in pigs." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 271, no. 1 (1996): G156—G163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1996.271.1.g156.

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The elimination of carboxyamidated gastrin-17 and its glycine-extended precursor was studied in anesthetized pigs during constant-rate infusion. Extraction of amidated gastrin-17 was recorded in the hindlimb (42%), kidney (40%), head (32%, P < 0.001), and the gut (13%, P < 0.01). Elimination was not recorded in the liver, lungs, or heart. Extraction of glycine-extended gastrin-17 was measured in the kidney (36%), hindlimb (31%, P < 0.001), head (26%), and the gut (16%, P < 0.01), but not in the liver or the lungs. Glycine-extended gastrin-17 was not processed to amidated gastrin du

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30

Kory, Nora, Gregory A. Wyant, Gyan Prakash, et al. "SFXN1 is a mitochondrial serine transporter required for one-carbon metabolism." Science 362, no. 6416 (2018): eaat9528. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aat9528.

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One-carbon metabolism generates the one-carbon units required to synthesize many critical metabolites, including nucleotides. The pathway has cytosolic and mitochondrial branches, and a key step is the entry, through an unknown mechanism, of serine into mitochondria, where it is converted into glycine and formate. In a CRISPR-based genetic screen in human cells for genes of the mitochondrial pathway, we found sideroflexin 1 (SFXN1), a multipass inner mitochondrial membrane protein of unclear function. Like cells missing mitochondrial components of one-carbon metabolism, those null for SFXN1 ar

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31

Wu, Jiamin, Siru Chen, Yunze Ruan, and Wei Gao. "Combinatorial Effects of Glycine and Inorganic Nitrogen on Root Growth and Nitrogen Nutrition in Maize (Zea mays L.)." Sustainability 15, no. 19 (2023): 14122. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su151914122.

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Organic and inorganic nitrogen play important roles in plant nitrogen nutrition. However, how the coapplication of organic and inorganic nitrogen affects root growth, plant nitrogen metabolism, and soil nitrogen content is still unclear. Plant shoot and root growth, nitrogen uptake and metabolism, and soil nitrogen content were studied in maize (Zea mays L.) through pot experiments with different nitrogen treatments, including NH4+ -N (Amm), NO3− -N (Nit), NH4+ -N + NO3− -N (Amm + Nit), NH4+ -N + NO3− -N + glutamate-N (Amm + Nit + Glu), and NH4+ -N + NO3− -N + glycine-N (Amm + Nit + Gly). The

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32

Elkins, Amy L., John G. Eley, Merrill C. Miller III, Iris H. Hall, Anup Sood, and Bernard Spielvogel. "Transepithelial Transport and Metabolism of Boronated Dipeptides Across Caco-2 and HCT-8 Cell Monolayers." Metal-Based Drugs 3, no. 6 (1996): 277–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/mbd.1996.277.

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Oral delivery of proteins and peptides as therapeutic agents is problematic due to their low bioavailability. This study examined the effect of boronation on the transepithelial transport and metabolism of three glycine-phenylalanine dipeptides in Caco-2 and HCT-8 cell monolayers. The three dipeptides exhibited passive transport characteristics in the monolayer systems. However, metabolism of the boronated dipeptides did occur, but to a lesser extent than the non-boronated glycine-phenylalanine dipeptide. The same metabolic scheme was seen in both cell monolayer system, but greater metabolism

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33

Nikandrov, V. N., and T. V. Balashevich. "Glycine receptors in nervous tissue and their functional role." Biomeditsinskaya Khimiya 60, no. 4 (2014): 403–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.18097/pbmc20146004403.

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The literature data on glycine metabolism in neural tissue, mitochondrial Gly-cleaving system, Gly-catching system in neural and glial cells are summarized. The peculiarities of localization and distribution of specific glycine receptors and binding-sites in nervous tissue of mammals are described. Four types of glycine-binding receptors are described: own specific glycine receptor (Gly-R), ionotropic receptor, which binds N-methyl-D-aspartate selectively (NMDA-R), and ionotropic receptors of g-aminobutyrate (GABA A -R, GABA С -R). The feutures of glycine effects in neuroglial cultures are dis

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34

Biswas, Subarna, James R. Hilser, Nicholas C. Woodward, et al. "Exploring the Role of Glycine Metabolism in Coronary Artery Disease: Insights from Human Genetics and Mouse Models." Nutrients 17, no. 1 (2025): 198. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17010198.

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Background: Circulating glycine levels have been associated with reduced risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) in humans but these associations have not been observed in all studies. We evaluated whether the relationship between glycine levels and atherosclerosis was causal using genetic analyses in humans and feeding studies in mice. Methods: Serum glycine levels were evaluated for association with risk of CAD in the UK Biobank. Genetic determinants of glycine levels were identified through a genome-wide association study (GWAS) and used to evaluate the causal relationship between glycine and

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35

Olufemi, O. Samson, Paul G. Whittaker, Dave Halliday, and Tom Lind. "Albumin metabolism in fasted subjects during late pregnancy." Clinical Science 81, no. 2 (1991): 161–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs0810161.

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1. Albumin fractional synthetic rate was determined in five non-pregnant subjects and five normal pregnant subjects in late gestation after an overnight fast by simultaneous prime and intravenous infusion of two precursor amino acids, [15N]glycine and l-[1-13C]leucine, with additional priming of the large but, slowly turning over, urea pool with [15N2]urea. 2. The two tracers yielded similar values of albumin fractional synthetic rate: 6.1 and 6.0%/day in nonpregnant subjects and 7.3 and 7.6%/day in pregnant subjects, for glycine and leucine, respectively. While plasma volume was greater and s

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Pérez-Torres, Israel, Blanca Ibarra, Elizabeth Soria-Castro, et al. "Effect of glycine on the cyclooxygenase pathway of the kidney arachidonic acid metabolism in a rat model of metabolic syndrome." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 89, no. 12 (2011): 899–910. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y11-086.

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The kidneys are organs that can be severely impaired by metabolic syndrome (MS). This is characterized by the association of various pathologies such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, and type-2 diabetes. Glycine, a nonessential amino acid, is known to possess various protective effects in the kidney, such as a decrease in the deterioration of renal function and a reduction of the damage caused by hypoxia. In a rat model of MS, the effect of glycine on the cyclooxygenase (COX) pathway of arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism was studied in isolated perfused kidney. MS was induced in Wistar rats by fee

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37

Hai, Yang, Arthur M. Huang, and Yi Tang. "Structure-guided function discovery of an NRPS-like glycine betaine reductase for choline biosynthesis in fungi." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 21 (2019): 10348–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1903282116.

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Nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs) and NRPS-like enzymes have diverse functions in primary and secondary metabolisms. By using a structure-guided approach, we uncovered the function of a NRPS-like enzyme with unusual domain architecture, catalyzing two sequential two-electron reductions of glycine betaine to choline. Structural analysis based on the homology model suggests cation-π interactions as the major substrate specificity determinant, which was verified using substrate analogs and inhibitors. Bioinformatic analysis indicates this NRPS-like glycine betaine reductase is highly conse

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38

Parks, Lisa D., and Delon W. Barfuss. "Transepithelial transport and metabolism of glycine in S1, S2, and S3 cell types of the rabbit proximal tubule." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 283, no. 6 (2002): F1208—F1215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00021.2002.

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In the first of two sets of experiments, the lumen-to-cell and cell-to-bath transport rates for glycine were measured in the isolated-perfused medullary pars recta (S3 cells) of the rabbit proximal tubule at multiple luminal glycine concentrations (0–2.0 mM). The lumen-to-cell transport of glycine was saturated, which permitted the calculation of the transport maximum of disappearance rate of glycine from the lumen (pmol · min−1 · mm tubular length−1), K m (mM), and paracellular leak (pmol · min−1 · mm tubular length−1 · mM−1) values for this transport mechanism; these values were 4.3, 0.3, an

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39

Carillo, Petronia, Gabriella Mastrolonardo, Francesco Nacca, Danila Parisi, Angelo Verlotta, and Amodio Fuggi. "Nitrogen metabolism in durum wheat under salinity: accumulation of proline and glycine betaine." Functional Plant Biology 35, no. 5 (2008): 412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp08108.

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We studied the effect of salinity on amino acid, proline and glycine betaine accumulation in leaves of different stages of development in durum wheat under high and low nitrogen supply. Our results suggest that protective compounds against salt stress are accumulated in all leaves. The major metabolites are glycine betaine, which preferentially accumulates in younger tissues, and proline, which is found predominantly in older tissues. Proline tended to accumulate early, at the onset of the stress, while glycine betaine accumulation was observed during prolonged stress. Nitrate reductase (NR) a

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40

Tariq, Aqsa, Farman Ullah, Eisar Ahmed Khoso, et al. "Amino Acid Metabolism and Cancer: The Role of Serine, Glycine, and Glutamine in Tumor Growth." Scholars Academic Journal of Biosciences 13, no. 05 (2025): 574–85. https://doi.org/10.36347/sajb.2025.v13i05.011.

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, , , , , , , Published: May 24, 2025 | 80 55 DOI: https://doi.org/ Pages: - Downloads Abstract Cancer cells undergo profound metabolic reprogramming to meet the demands of rapid proliferation, survival under stress, and evasion of immune surveillance. Among these metabolic alterations, amino acid metabolism particularly that of serine, glycine, and glutamine plays a central role in supporting tumor growth and progression. Serine and glycine are pivotal contributors to one-carbon metabolism, nucleotide biosynthesis, and redox balance, while glutamine serves as a critical nitrogen and carbon do

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Kalhan, Satish C., Lourdes L. Gruca, Prabhu S. Parimi, Alicia O'Brien, Leroy Dierker, and Ed Burkett. "Serine metabolism in human pregnancy." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 284, no. 4 (2003): E733—E740. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00167.2002.

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Serine plays an important role in intermediary metabolism as a source of one carbon pool for nucleotide biosynthesis, as a precursor for glycine and glucose, and as a contributor to cysteine biosynthesis. A unique serine-glycine cycling between the liver and the placenta has been demonstrated in the sheep fetus. We hypothesized that, because of serine's role in growth and development, significant changes in serine metabolism will occur in pregnancy with advancing gestation. The rate of appearance (Ra) of serine and its metabolism were quantified in healthy women longitudinally through pregnanc

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Parimi, Prabhu S., Lourdes L. Gruca, and Satish C. Kalhan. "Metabolism of threonine in newborn infants." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 289, no. 6 (2005): E981—E985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00132.2005.

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Threonine kinetics, threonine oxidative pathway, and the relationship between threonine and whole body protein turnover were quantified in 10 healthy term infants during the first 48 h after birth. The kinetic data were obtained 6 h after the last feed (fasting) and in response to formula feeding, using [U-13C4,15N]threonine, [2H5]phenylalanine, and [15N]glycine tracers. The rate of carbon dioxide production (V̇co2) and13C enrichment of the expired CO2were measured to quantify the rate of oxidation of threonine. The rate of appearance (Ra) of threonine (136 ± 37 μmol·kg−1·h−1) was higher in ne

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Choi, Changho, Pegah Askari, Elena Daoud, et al. "NIMG-24. GLYCINE AND GLUTAMINE BY MR SPECTROSCOPY ARE IMAGING BIOMARKERS OF GLIOMA AGGRESSIVENESS." Neuro-Oncology 22, Supplement_2 (2020): ii152. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noaa215.637.

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Abstract Cancers reprogram their metabolism and the resulting alterations in metabolite concentrations may be closely related to the clinical behavior of the tumors. We evaluated glycine, glutamine and 2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG) in 16 adult subjects with glioblastomas (9 male and 7 female; age 43-64 years, median 58) noninvasively using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy and examined their association with the cell proliferation rate (MIB-1 labeling index) and overall survival. MRS was acquired using point-resolved spectroscopy (PRESS TE 97ms) at 3T. Metabolite levels were quantified with re

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Agudelo, Luis Ramirez, Gabriel Yarmush, Suneel Kumar, and Francois Berthiaume. "Optimizing Cellular Metabolism Through Mass Balance Analysis to Improve Skin Wound Healing." Biology 14, no. 6 (2025): 722. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology14060722.

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Accelerating healing is a clinical goal in both acute and chronic non-healing skin wounds. We leveraged the public Recon database, which seeks to aggregate all of the metabolic pathways in the human body, to uncover whether increasing the supply of specific metabolites can bolster cellular metabolism and, in turn, enhance wound healing. The database was reduced to a set of 357 reactions and 339 metabolites that were better suited for human cells in culture. Monte Carlo simulations were performed to identify the impact of 25 different inputs on the metabolic fluxes within the cellular biochemic

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Affholder, Antonin, Peter M. Higgins, Charles S. Cockell, et al. "The Viability of Glycine Fermentation in Titan’s Subsurface Ocean." Planetary Science Journal 6, no. 4 (2025): 86. https://doi.org/10.3847/psj/adbc66.

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Abstract Energy and nutrient sources for life could be delivered to Titan’s subsurface water ocean from both its surface above and its core below. Organic matter forming de novo in Titan’s atmosphere and depositing on the surface may hydrolyze upon descent into the ocean with impact-generated melt pools sinking through the ice, adding to a primordial inventory released by the core during differentiation and/or across geologic time. This raises the possibility that abiotic organic carbon could fuel heterotrophic carbon assimilation into biomass in Titan’s ocean if it is inhabited. Glycine ferme

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Lowry, M., D. E. Hall, and J. T. Brosnan. "Increased activity of renal glycine-cleavage-enzyme complex in metabolic acidosis." Biochemical Journal 231, no. 2 (1985): 477–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2310477.

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Glycine is metabolized in isolated renal cortical tubules to stochiometric qualities of ammonia, CO2 and serine by the combined actions of the glycine-cleavage-enzyme complex and serine hydroxymethyltransferase. The rate of renal glycine metabolism by this route is increased in tubules from acidotic rats, but is not affected in vitro by decreasing the incubation pH from 7.4 to 7.1. Metabolic acidosis caused an increase in the renal activity of the glycine-cleavage-enzyme complex, but there were no changes in the activity of serine hydroxymethyltransferase or of methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydr

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Yang, Chi, Lu Ma, Donglai Xiao, Zhenghe Ying, Xiaoling Jiang, and Yanquan Lin. "Integration of ATAC-Seq and RNA-Seq Identifies Key Genes in Light-Induced Primordia Formation of Sparassis latifolia." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 1 (2019): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21010185.

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Light is an essential environmental factor for Sparassis latifolia primordia formation, but the molecular mechanism is still unclear. In this study, differential expression profiling of light-induced primordia formation (LIPF) was established by integrating the assay for transposase accessible chromatin by sequencing (ATAC-seq) and RNA-seq technology. The integrated results from the ATAC-seq and RNA-seq showed 13 down-regulated genes and 17 up-regulated genes in both the L vs. D and P vs. D groups, for both methods. According to the gene ontology (GO) annotation of these differentially express

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Eulenburg, Volker, and Swen Hülsmann. "Synergistic Control of Transmitter Turnover at Glycinergic Synapses by GlyT1, GlyT2, and ASC-1." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 5 (2022): 2561. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23052561.

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In addition to being involved in protein biosynthesis and metabolism, the amino acid glycine is the most important inhibitory neurotransmitter in caudal regions of the brain. These functions require a tight regulation of glycine concentration not only in the synaptic cleft, but also in various intracellular and extracellular compartments. This is achieved not only by confining the synthesis and degradation of glycine predominantly to the mitochondria, but also by the action of high-affinity large-capacity glycine transporters that mediate the transport of glycine across the membranes of presyn

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Hankard, R. G., M. W. Haymond, and D. Darmaun. "Effect of glutamine on leucine metabolism in humans." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 271, no. 4 (1996): E748—E754. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.1996.271.4.e748.

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The aim of this study was to determine whether the putative protein anabolic effect of glutamine 1) is mediated by increased protein synthesis or decreased protein breakdown and 2) is specific to glutamine. Seven healthy adults were administered 5-h intravenous infusions of L-[1-14C]leucine in the postabsorptive state while receiving in a randomized order an enteral infusion of saline on one day or L-glutamine (800 mumol.kg-1.h-1, equivalent to 0.11 g N/kg) on the other day. Seven additional subjects were studied using the same protocol except they received isonitrogenous infusion of glycine.

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Iwamoto, J., S. P. Yang, M. Yoshinaga, E. Krasney, and J. Krasney. "N omega-nitro-L-arginine influences cerebral metabolism in awake sheep." Journal of Applied Physiology 73, no. 6 (1992): 2233–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1992.73.6.2233.

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Experiments were carried out on decerebrate cats to identify transsynaptic mediators of spontaneous postsynaptic inhibition of bulbar inspiratory and postinspiratory neurons. Somatic membrane potentials were recorded through the central micropipette of a coaxial multibarreled electrode. Blockers of type A gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA-A) and glycine receptors were iontophoresed extracellularly from peripheral micropipettes surrounding the central pipette. Effective antagonism was demonstrated by iontophoresis of agonists with antagonists; application of strychnine antagonized the action of gly

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