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Academic literature on the topic 'Glycopolymères'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Glycopolymères"
Ghadban, Ali. "Synthèse et caractérisation de glycopolymères à base d'oligoalginates en milieu aqueux." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00923140.
Full textFerji, Khalid. "Synthèse contrôlée et auto-organisation de glycopolymères amphiphiles à greffons polymères mésogènes, destinés à la vectorisation de principes actifs." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0118/document.
Full textNew graft glycopolymers with well-defined parameters [dextran-g-poly(diethylene glycol cholesteryl ether acrylate) (Dex-g-PADEGChol)] have been prepared in four steps using the "grafting from" strategy. Challenge of this work arises from the combination for the first time of a hydrophilic, biocompatible/biodegradable polysaccharide backbone with mesogen hydrophobic polymeric grafts. Controlled growth of the grafts (PADEGChol) was obtained using ATRP initiated in homogeneous medium from a dextran derivative (DexAcBr). In order to find the best polymerization conditions, homopolymerization of ADEGChol monomer was investigated using an initiator model and various catalytic systems CuIBr/(PMDETA or OPMI) in two solvents (Toluene and THF). The amphiphilic properties of such glycopolymers were evaluated and their mesomorphic properties have been studied by thermal polarizing optical microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray scattering. Using transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering, vesicular morphology called "polymersome" was observed in aqueous medium when DMSO was used as co-solvent. These polymersomes could be tested as new drug delivery systems
Dupayage, Ludovic. "Élaboration contrôlée de glycopolymères amphiphiles à partir de polysaccharide : synthèse de Dextrane-g-PMMA par polymérisation radicalaire par transfert d'atome." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPL011N/document.
Full textSynthesis of the new comb-like amphiphilic glycopolymer dextran-g-poly(methyl methacrylate) was obtained thanks to an Atom Transfert Radical Polymerization (ATRP). In order to control the macromolecular parameters of these biocompatible and partly biodegradable glycopolymers, the “grafting from” strategy was applied using two different multi-step pathways. The first one is composed of four steps: partial acetylation of dextran hydroxyl groups; introduction of initiator groups convenient for ATRP; ATRP of methyl methacrylate in dimethylsulfoxide; acetyl group deprotection under mild conditions. The second pathway allows us to obtain such glycopolymers in only two steps: direct introduction of the same initiator groups onto the dextran chain and subsequent ATRP of methyl methacrylate in dimethylsulfoxide. Throughout the synthesis, detailed studies of each step enabled us to estimate the length of the dextran backbone and to assure the control of copolymer architecture in terms of graft number and graft length. Preliminary interfacial tension measurements highlighted the surfactant properties of such glycopolymers
Rieger, Jutta. "Synthesis, characterization and biomedical interest of amphiphilic biocompatible and bioeliminable (glyco)copolymers of various architectures." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006GRE10038.
Full textThis work mainly aims at modifying the surface of polymer nanoparticles (NP) by novel biocompatible amphiphilic copolymers, composed of hydrophilic ethylene oxide (EO) units and hydrophobic ε-caprolactone (CL) units. Copolymers of different architectures have been considered, i. E. , diblock copolymers, graft copolymers and star-shaped copolymers. Poly(ethylene oxide) chains α-terminated by an ε-caprolactone group and ω-end-capped by a methoxy group (γPEO. CL) were synthesized and used, (i) as PEO macromonomers that were copolymerized by ring-opening polymerization (ROP) with ε-caprolactone (ε-CL) to give PCL-g-PEO graft copolymers, and (ii) as precursors for a AB-double headed PEO chain, that were used to initiate selectively the polymerization of two different monomers to form an ABC mikto-arm star copolymer. The amphiphilic PEO/PCL diblock and graft copolymers were used as stabilizers and surface modifiers of polymer nanoparticles (NP). The effect of the copolymer structural features (architecture, composition and amount) on the formation and structure of the NP was investigated. The complement activation, i. E. , the stealthiness of the nanoparticles, as a function of the composition and architecture of the copolymer used as a stabilizer was studied. Another challenge of this work was to decorate the surface of such NP by mannose moieties, which are suitable targeting probes for dendritic, mannose-receptor expressing cells. Therefore, mannose derivatives were covalently attached as α-end-group to poly(ε-caprolactone) and PEO-b-PCL diblock copolymers. It was found that the NPs' surface properties were strongly related to the glyco(co)polymers used for their preparation
Gody, Guillaume. "Synthèse de monomères saccharidiques pour l'élaboration de glycopolymères à gradient, α-fonctionnels et à blocs par le procédé RAFT : application à l'immobilisation de biomolécules par reconnaissance spécifique ou par covalence." Lyon 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LYO10302.
Full textIn the biological diagnosis field, glycopolymers are particularly interesting since they can be used either as support for covalent coupling of biomolecules or as multivalent architectures that favor the recognition processes with proteins. The purpose of this PhD thesis was the synthesis of original and well-defined gycopolymers, using a controlled radical polymerization technique, the RAFT process, with the aim of preparing new useful tools for diagnosis tests (capture and detection of nucleic acids and pathogenic agents). Five glycomonomers derived from D-galactose, D-mannose and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine were synthesized and then copolymerized with N-acryloylmorpholine (NAM) in the presence of three dithiobenzoate derivatives used as chain transfer agents (two of them bearing a biotin). Statistical copolymers (some -biotinylated) with various DPn in saccharide moieties were prepared in a controlled manner (Ip = 1,1-1,3). The “living” character of polymer chains was confirmed by preparing a diblock copolymer (consisting of NAM and N-acryloxysuccinimide (NAS) statistically copolymerized, thus providing lateral activated ester functional groups useful for further modification). Finally, three applications highlighted the potentialities of these glycopolymers : synthesis of “glycopolymer-ODN” conjugates using galactosylated glycopolymers ; preparation of biotinylated gold glyconanoparticules, characterized by Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) ; study of the specific recognition between mannosylated glycopolymers and lectin ConA by capillary electrophoresis
Casimiro, Jessie. "Modifications de matériaux polymères pour des visées antibactériennes." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00651058.
Full textGonnot, Clément. "Polymères cycliques clickables obtenus par métathèse pour la multivalence." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Le Mans, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LEMA1017.
Full textThe emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria is a major health problem and could become one of the leading causes of death in the future, generating a considerable economic burden on healthcare. The use of multivalent glycopolymers, which act as glycans to prevent bacterial lectins from recognizing host cells, has shown promising results in the fight against antibiotic resistance. However, while multivalent linear polymer scaffolds allow an enhanced potency, also called "statistical binding", where a nearby ligand quickly replaces the bound ligand due to its proximity, their selectivity can be limited due to the high entropic cost required to bind multiple lectin sites simultaneously. To overcome this issue, the aim of this thesis was to design new multivalent cyclic polymer ligands with considerably enhanced potency and selectivity towards a protein target.The synthetic approach selected for the project consists in developing a versatile and robust method for the synthesis of well-defined multivalent cyclic polymer ligands in high purity and useful quantities. The cyclic polymer scaffold have been synthesized by ring-expansion metathesis polymerization (REMP) of cyclo-alkenes displaying a clickable moiety, and post-functionalized with biologically relevant carbohydrate ligands by click chemistry. Clickable azlactone functionalities have been chosen as they show high reactivity toward amine nucleophiles. In this work, we have synthesized a series of original (oxa)norbornenyl azlactone (NBAzl) monomers. Their suitability for REMP was investigated using the ruthenium-based initiator CB6, which synthesis was optimized. In parallel, linear polymer analogues were obtained by ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP). Linear and cyclic polymer platforms were obtained over a range of average degrees of polymerization (DPn) ranging from 25 to 900, unmatched in the literature. These polymers were then post-modified by aminolysis of the azlactone ring using amino-functionalized triethyleneglycol- and heptyl-mannose. The binding inhibition of the polymers was assessed using "lectin profiling" technology (GLYcoPROFILE®) from GLYcoDiag. Five lectins (ConA, FimH, Bc2L-A, DC-SIGN and langerin) were chosen for their well-studied architecture and therapeutic relevance. Cyclic polymers exhibited comparable or greater inhibitory potency than their linear counterparts, underlining the effectiveness of cyclic topology in multivalent interactions. In parallel, cyclic and linear amphiphilic cationic polymers were synthesized from linear and cyclic platforms by post-polymerization modification (PPM) of the azlactone ring with N-Boc-ethylenediamine (BEDA), followed by Boc deprotection, and hexylamine or dodecylamine to modulate amphiphilic properties. Their inhibition capacity was tested against a range of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and fungi.The versatile approach developed in this thesis has the advantage of enabling the creation of various multivalent libraries from a single cyclic polymer backbone, and the large-scale production of multivalent ligands in many areas of application
Bech, Loïc. "Modification de surfaces polymères de type poly(téréphtalate d’éthylène) et greffage de molécules glycosylées." Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA112183.
Full textThis work aimed to develop new processes for poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) surfaces functionalization and grafting of oligosaccharides and glycopolymers. The first strategy studied was the grafting of glycopolymers by treatments with low pressure cold plasma on PET fibers. The originality of this study rests on the use of a double plasma treatment of argon. The first argon plasma treatment carried out activates the surface. The second plasma treatment carried out after adsorption of the monomer starts the polymerization of allylic or methacrylic glycomonomers. The results show that a greater density of grafting and a higher conversion rate (up to 70%) are obtained for the 2-methacryloxyethyl glucoside. Lower values are obtained for the allyl a-D-galactose probably because of transfer reactions to the monomer. We were also interested in a chemical method in two steps in order to graft different oligosaccharides. The first step consists in functionalizing PET surfaces by primary amines by aminolysis reaction. In addition, this step generates morphological changes (porosity). Then, the amino functions allow the sugar grafting by reaction of reducing amination or amidation (this process was successfully applied to films and track-etched membranes). Another method studied consists in using the amino functions for the grafting of an initiator of atom transfer radical polymerization. Currently, styrene and tert-butyl acrylate were polymerized successfully in a way controlled on PET surfaces
Yan, Xibo. "Heptyl mannoside based polymers and nanocapsules : Towards potent anti-adhesive glycomaterials and nanocarriers." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ISAL0011/document.
Full textThis PhD work focuses on the preparation of glycopolymers bearing pendent heptyl mannose groups and the evaluation of the capability of such multivalent ligands to inhibit bacterial adhesion to human cells. Aiming at understanding the impact of various structural parameters on glycopolymer/ E coli interactions (AIEC LF82 et UTI 89 strains of E. coli), a series of linear and star-shaped glycopolymers with tunable molecular weight, mannoside density and microstructure (block copolymers, gradient copolymers, random copolymers) has been constructed. The association of the glycopolymers with FimH adhesin, a lectin which possesses a mannose-specific receptor site and is responsible for recognition and binding to host cells, was first confirmed by static and dynamic light scattering experiments. The propensity of the glycopolymers to prevent attachment of E. coli (AIEC LF82 involved in Crohn’s disease) to intestinal epithelial cells (T84 cells) was further investigated through adhesion assays. It was shown that under in vitro conditions, the addition of 10 nM or 100 nM of glycopolymer on a mannose unit basis (in pre-incubation and post-incubation respectively) decreases by half the bacterial adhesion to intestinal epithelial cells. The anti-adhesive effect of these multivalent ligands was further confirmed in ex vivo conditions for colonic loops of transgenic CEABAC10 mice (Crohn’s disease model mouse). Finally we took advantage of the nanoprecipitation process to generate glyconanocapsules with oily core. The employed strategy allowed for preparing well-defined nanocapsules bearing groups of interest (tags, ligands) or metal particles within the shell and loaded with active molecules in the core in one step
Soliman, Soliman Mehawed Abdellatif. "From photosensitive glycopolymers to smart drug delivery systems." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0147/document.
Full textPhotosensitive grafted and diblock amphiphilic glycopolymers based on hydrophobic photosensitive poly(o-nitrobenzyl acrylate) (PNBA) and hydrophilic dextran were successfully prepared via grafting onto techniques through a Huisgen-type Copper(I) catalyzed Azide-Alkyne Cycloaddition (CuAAC click chemistry). Firstly, recent developments in the single-electron transfer–living radical polymerization (SET–LRP) provided us an access to control the o-nitrobenzyl acrylate polymerization and we obtained PNBA with bromide end function. Then, this bromide end function was replaced by azido (N3) group. In a parallel way, we modified dextran by introducing several alkyne groups all long the polysaccharide chain (alkynated dextran) or only one group at the reducing end-chain (α-alkyne dextran). In the second step, alkynated dextran and α-alkyne dextran were reacted with PNBA-N3 by CuAAC to obtain grafted or diblock glycopolymers. All glycopolymers were characterized by Size Exclusion Chromatography, 1H, 13C, 2D DOSY 1H NMR and FT-IR spectroscopy. Secondly, conditions to formulate nanoparticles from the previous glycopolymers were optimized. In some case, we also carried out an emulsion/evaporation process using dextran alkynated and PNBA-N3 to produce nanoparticles. Then, stability of nanoparticles were studied over rang of ionic strengths as well as stability in presence of a competitive surfactant. Finally, the effect of light on these photosensitive nanoparticles was studied using UV-lamp. More precisely, we loaded these nanoparticules by Nile Red fluorescent dye and followed thier destruction by using fluorescence spectroscopy and Dynamic Light Scattering