Academic literature on the topic 'Glyphosate Analysis'
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Journal articles on the topic "Glyphosate Analysis"
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Taylor, Nancy B., Roy L. Fuchs, John MacDonald, Ahmed R. Shariff, and Stephen R. Padgette. "Compositional Analysis of Glyphosate-Tolerant Soybeans Treated with Glyphosate." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 47, no. 10 (1999): 4469–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf990056g.
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Panozzo, Silvia, Alberto Collavo, and Maurizio Sattin. "Sensitivity Analysis of Italian Lolium spp. to Glyphosate in Agricultural Environments." Plants 9, no. 2 (2020): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9020165.
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Empirical observations generally indicate a shifting and decreased Lolium spp. susceptibility to glyphosate in Italy. This is likely due to the long history of glyphosate use and to the sub-lethal doses commonly used. There is, therefore, a need to determine the variability of response of Lolium spp. to glyphosate and identify the optimum field dose. To perform a sensitivity analysis on Lolium spp. populations in an agriculture area, collection sites were mainly chosen where glyphosate had not been applied intensely. Known glyphosate-resistant or in-shifting populations were included. Two outdoor dose-response pot experiments, including eleven doses of glyphosate, were conducted. The dose to control at least 93%–95% of susceptible Lolium spp. was around 450 g a.e. ha−1. However, to preserve its efficacy in the long term, it would be desirable not to have survivors, and this was reached at a glyphosate dose of 560 ± 88 g a.e. ha−1. Taking into account the variability of response among populations, it was established that the optimal dose of glyphosate to control Lolium spp. in Italy up to the stage BBCH 21 has to be at least 700 g a.e. ha−1. As a consequence, it is recommended to increase the label recommended field rate for Lolium spp. control in Italy to a minimum of 720 g a.e. ha−1.
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Grey, Lorna, Bick Nguyen, and Paul Yang. "Liquid Chromatography/Electrospray Ionization/Isotopic Dilution Mass Spectrometry Analysis of n-(Phosphonomethyl) Glycine and Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Aminomethyl Phosphonic Acid in Environmental Water and Vegetation Matrixes." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 84, no. 6 (2001): 1770–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/84.6.1770.
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Abstract A liquid chromatography/electrospray/mass spectrometry (LC/ES/MS) method was developed for the analysis of glyphosate (n-phosphonomethyl glycine) and its metabolite, aminomethyl phosphonic acid (AMPA) using isotope-labelled glyphosate as a method surrogate. Optimized parameters were achieved to derivatize glyphosate and AMPA using 9-fluorenylmethyl chloroformate (FMOC-Cl) in borate buffer prior to a reversedphase LC analysis. Method spike recovery data obtained using laboratory and real world sample matrixes indicated an excellent correlation between the recovery of the native and isotope-labelled glyphosate. Hence, the first performance-based, isotope dilution MS method with superior precision, accuracy, and data quality was developed for the analysis of glyphosate. There was, however, no observable correlation between the isotope-labelled glyphosate and AMPA. Thus, the use of this procedure for the accurate analysis of AMPA was not supported. Method detection limits established using standard U.S. Environmental Protection Agency protocol were 0.06 and 0.30 μg/L, respectively, for glyphosate and AMPA in water matrixes and 0.11 and 0.53 μg/g, respectively, in vegetation matrixes. Problems, solutions, and the method performance data related to the analysis of chlorine-treated drinking water samples are discussed. Applying this method to other environmental matrixes, e.g., soil, with minimum modifications is possible, assuring accurate, multimedia studies of glyphosate concentration in the environment and the delivery of useful multimedia information for regulatory applications.
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Piasecki, Cristiano, Yongil Yang, Daiane P. Benemann, et al. "Transcriptomic Analysis Identifies New Non-Target Site Glyphosate-Resistance Genes in Conyza bonariensis." Plants 8, no. 6 (2019): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants8060157.
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Conyza bonariensis (hairy fleabane) is one of the most problematic and widespread glyphosate-resistant weeds in the world. This highly competitive weed species significantly interferes with crop growth and substantially decreases crop yield. Despite its agricultural importance, the molecular mechanisms of glyphosate resistance are still unknown. The present RNA-Seq study was performed with the goal of identifying differentially expressed candidate transcripts (genes) related to metabolism-based non-target site glyphosate resistance in C. bonariensis. The whole-transcriptome was de novo assembled from glyphosate-resistant and -sensitive biotypes of C. bonariensis from Southern Brazil. The RNA was extracted from untreated and glyphosate-treated plants at several timepoints up to 288 h after treatment in both biotypes. The transcriptome assembly produced 90,124 contigs with an average length of 777 bp and N50 of 1118 bp. In response to glyphosate treatment, differential gene expression analysis was performed on glyphosate-resistant and -sensitive biotypes. A total of 9622 genes were differentially expressed as a response to glyphosate treatment in both biotypes, 4297 (44.6%) being up- and 5325 (55.4%) down-regulated. The resistant biotype presented 1770 up- and 2333 down-regulated genes while the sensitive biotype had 2335 and 2800 up- and down-regulated genes, respectively. Among them, 974 up- and 1290 down-regulated genes were co-expressed in both biotypes. In the present work, we identified 41 new candidate target genes from five families related to herbicide transport and metabolism: 19 ABC transporters, 10 CYP450s, one glutathione S-transferase (GST), five glycosyltransferases (GT), and six genes related to antioxidant enzyme catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and superoxide dismutase (SOD). The candidate genes may participate in metabolic-based glyphosate resistance via oxidation, conjugation, transport, and degradation, plus antioxidation. One or more of these genes might ‘rescue’ resistant plants from irreversible damage after glyphosate treatment. The 41 target genes we report in the present study may inform further functional genomics studies, including gene editing approaches to elucidate glyphosate-resistance mechanisms in C. bonariensis.
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Cechin, Joanei, Cristiano Piasecki, Daiane P. Benemann, et al. "Transcriptome Analysis Identifies Candidate Target Genes Involved in Glyphosate-Resistance Mechanism in Lolium multiflorum." Plants 9, no. 6 (2020): 685. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9060685.
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Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum; LOLMU) is one of the most troublesome weeds in temperate regions in the world. This weed species interfere with wheat, corn, rye, and oat, causing significant crop yield losses. This species has evolved glyphosate resistance, making it difficult to control. The mechanisms of glyphosate resistance are still unknown, and an understanding thereof will favor the development of new strategies of management. The present study is the first transcriptome study in LOLMU using glyphosate-resistant and -sensitive biotypes, aiming to identify and to provide a list of the candidate target genes related to glyphosate resistance mechanism. The transcriptome was assembled de novo, producing 87,433 contigs with an N50 of 740 bp and an average length of 575 bp. There were 92 and 54 up- and down-regulated genes, respectively, in the resistant biotype, while a total of 1683 were differentially expressed in the sensitive biotype in response to glyphosate treatment. We selected 14 highly induced genes and seven with repressed expression in the resistant biotype in response to glyphosate. Of these genes, a significant proportion were related to the plasma membrane, indicating that there is a barrier making it difficult for glyphosate to enter the cell.
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Padmanabhan, Karthik Ramaswamy, Kabelo Segobye, Stephen C. Weller, Burkhard Schulz, and Michael Gribskov. "Preliminary investigation of glyphosate resistance mechanism in giant ragweed using transcriptome analysis." F1000Research 5 (June 13, 2016): 1354. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.8932.1.
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Giant ragweed (Ambrosia trifida) is a highly competitive annual weed prevalent mainly in the United States across the eastern Corn Belt. Glyphosate has been a key herbicide to help tackle the spread of giant ragweed in the past few decades. Recently, there have been reports of widespread resistance to glyphosate in giant ragweed, with the mechanism of resistance yet to be determined. We designed a single-replicate RNA sequencing experiment to study the genes differentially expressed between glyphosate-resistant and glyphosate-sensitive biotypes of giant ragweed. We used a de novo assembly of the giant ragweed transcriptome to determine key marker genes that could help explain the mechanism of resistance.
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Neve, Paul, Jason K. Norsworthy, Kenneth L. Smith, and Ian A. Zelaya. "Modeling Glyphosate Resistance Management Strategies for Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) in Cotton." Weed Technology 25, no. 3 (2011): 335–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-d-10-00171.1.
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A simulation model is used to explore management options to mitigate risks of glyphosate resistance evolution in Palmer amaranth in glyphosate-resistant cotton in the southern United States. Our first analysis compares risks of glyphosate resistance evolution for seven weed-management strategies in continuous glyphosate-resistant cotton monoculture. In the “worst-case scenario” with five applications of glyphosate each year and no other herbicides applied, evolution of glyphosate resistance was predicted in 74% of simulated populations. In other strategies, glyphosate was applied with various combinations of preplant, PRE, and POST residual herbicides. The most effective strategy included four glyphosate applications with a preplant fomesafen application, and POST tank mixtures of glyphosate plusS-metolachlor followed by glyphosate plus flumioxazin. This strategy reduced the resistance risk to 12% of populations. A second series of simulations compared strategies where glyphosate-resistant cotton was grown in one-to-one rotations with corn or cotton with other herbicide resistance traits. In general, crop rotation reduced risks of resistance by approximately 50% and delayed the evolution of resistance by 2 to 3 yr. These analyses demonstrate that risks of glyphosate resistance evolution in Palmer amaranth can be reduced by reducing glyphosate use within and among years, controlling populations with diverse herbicide modes of action, and ensuring that population size is kept low. However, no strategy completely eliminated the risk of glyphosate resistance.
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Zyoud, SH, WS Waring, SW Al-Jabi, and WM Sweileh. "Global research production in glyphosate intoxication from 1978 to 2015: A bibliometric analysis." Human & Experimental Toxicology 36, no. 10 (2016): 997–1006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0960327116678299.
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Background: Glyphosate (N-phosphonomethylglycine) has been used as a broad-spectrum herbicide that has been widely used in the agricultural industry and also available for home use. The main aim of this study is to present a general overview of glyphosate intoxication-related publications from its introducing since the early 1970s using bibliometric technique. Methods: On June 23, 2016, a literature search of the Scopus database was performed. We then extracted and analyzed the data using well-established qualitative and quantitative bibliometric indices: Publication year, affiliation, document type, country name, subject category, journal name, publishing language, and collaboration and citation patterns. Results: We recognized a total of 3735 publications on glyphosate published between 1973 and 2015. There were 875 publications related to glyphosate intoxication in the Scopus database published between 1978 and 2015. Articles (757) comprised 86.5% of the total publications, followed by reviews (41; 4.7%). Most publications were published in English (87.9%), followed by Portuguese (6.6%). The number of publications related to glyphosate intoxication increased from 44 in 1978–1987 up to 152 in 1996–2005 and then quadrupled in 2006–2015. The United States was the leading country with 180 documents representing 20.6%, followed by Brazil (120; 13.7%), Canada (78; 8.9%), Argentina (61; 7.0%), and France (57; 6.5%). The 85.6% of the publications was cited, and the average of citation per document was 17.13 with h-index of 55. Furthermore, the United States achieved the highest h-index of 33. Most of the global international collaborations are made with researchers from the United States, who collaborated with 23 countries/territories in 44 publications. Conclusions: The trends in global glyphosate-related research between 1978 and 2015 were evaluated by a bibliometric technique. Results showed that English was the leading publishing language, and the major publication type was original article. Findings showed that number of research publications related to glyphosate intoxication increased significantly in the last decade. The United States and Brazil are the two most productive countries in research on glyphosate intoxication. This study will be beneficial to policy makers by identifying areas that need greater investment and research funding to target appropriate agriculture sectors so as to improve glyphosate safety in a global setting.
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Wehtje, Glenn, James E. Altland, and Charles H. Gilliam. "Interaction of Glyphosate and Diquat in Ready-To-Use Weed Control Products." Weed Technology 22, no. 3 (2008): 472–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-07-181.1.
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Glyphosate-based, ready-to-use weed control products frequently contain diquat (typically, 0.04 by weight relative to glyphosate) under the supposition that the diquat, “makes glyphosate work faster.” However, in light of the known modes of actions of glyphosate and diquat, we hypothesize that diquat may be antagonistic to glyphosate activity. Greenhouse experiments using longstalked phyllanthus were conducted to test this hypothesis. Glyphosate was applied at a series of rates, ranging from 0.11 to 1.12 kg ae/ha, either alone or tank-mixed with either 0, 0.02, 0.04, and 0.06 diquat. Onset of visual injury was more pronounced with the glyphosate + diquat tank mixtures compared with glyphosate alone. However, long-term control, as expressed by regrowth suppression, was greater with glyphosate alone. Regression analysis indicated that, at marginally effective glyphosate rates, the amount of glyphosate must be increased by approximately 60% to compensate for the diquat-based antagonism. Absorption and translocation studies using 14C-glyphosate revealed that the antagonism of diquat toward glyphosate can be attributed to reduced translocation of absorbed glyphosate.
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Yuan, Joshua S., Laura L. G. Abercrombie, Yongwei Cao, et al. "Functional Genomics Analysis of Horseweed (Conyza canadensis) with Special Reference to the Evolution of Non–Target-Site Glyphosate Resistance." Weed Science 58, no. 2 (2010): 109–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ws-d-09-00037.1.
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The evolution of glyphosate resistance in weedy species places an environmentally benign herbicide in peril. The first report of a dicot plant with evolved glyphosate resistance was horseweed, which occurred in 2001. Since then, several species have evolved glyphosate resistance and genomic information about nontarget resistance mechanisms in any of them ranges from none to little. Here, we report a study combining iGentifier transcriptome analysis, cDNA sequencing, and a heterologous microarray analysis to explore potential molecular and transcriptomic mechanisms of nontarget glyphosate resistance of horseweed. The results indicate that similar molecular mechanisms might exist for nontarget herbicide resistance across multiple resistant plants from different locations, even though resistance among these resistant plants likely evolved independently and available evidence suggests resistance has evolved at least four separate times. In addition, both the microarray and sequence analyses identified non–target-site resistance candidate genes for follow-on functional genomics analysis.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Glyphosate Analysis"
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Dahlgren, Cathrine. "The synthesis and characterisation of n-phosphonomethlylglycine (glyphosate) coordination complexes involving group 1, 2, 11 and 15 elements." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2001.
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Oliver, Robin George. "An investigation into the analysis of the herbicide glyphosate in the environment." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1996. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/4827/.
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Hendricks, Luanne R. "Soil Bioavailability of Aminomethylphosphonic Acid: A Metabolite of Glyphosate." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1592583268434087.
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Pereira, Gabriel Rohrer. "Crescimento e desenvolvimento de biótipos de Digitaria insularis resistente e suscetível ao glyphosate." Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, 2015. http://tede.unioeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/1265.
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Previous issue date: 2015-06-26<br>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior<br>The chemical weed management currently applied in the Brazilian and world agriculture, has selected biotypes resistant to herbicides. This selection can change features of the original population of the area, often bringing negative consequences for the area. Given this context, one of the latest cases was biotypes discovery Digitaria insularis resistant to glyphosate. The objective of this study was to identify biotypes resistant to glyphosate and to evaluate the growth and development of these resistant and susceptible biotypes to glyphosate. Biotypes resistant and susceptible were selected in areas with continuous application of glyphosate history, and area without continuous application of glyphosate, respectively. The experiments were conducted at the Experimental Stations Center belonging to Unioeste. The first experiment was conducted to confirm the resistance of the biotypes. The experimental design was a randomized block design with four replications. The treatments consisted of seven doses of glyphosate (0, 180, 720, 1,440, 2,880, 5,760 and 14,400 g ha-1). The application was carried out in the development phase in which the plants had 2 to 5 tillers and 10 cm. The data were submitted to analysis of variance and adjusted to model non-linear regression of sigmoidal type a 3.0 times higher dose of glyphosate to control 50% of biotype resistant plants compared to susceptible biotype was required. It was concluded that there is occurrence of resistance in populations of D. insularis in western Paraná, and the biotype collected in Cascavel, considered resistant. The second experiment was conducted in experimental design of randomized blocks with four replications and 15 treatments, characterized by evaluation times (14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, 56, 63, 70, 77, 84, 91, 98 , 105 and 112 days after emergence), at regular intervals of seven days. Biotypes were transplanted into pots with 11 L capacity, one plant per pot each biotype. Leaf area and dry matter evaluations were conducted in 15 seasons. With these data dry matter were calculated relative growth rate (RGR), net assimilation rate (NAR), leaf area ratio (LAR) and leaf weight ratio (RPF). The two biotypes showed similar growth, reaching a maximum leaf area and dry weight to 112 DAE. There was no difference in dry matter accumulation pattern for the biotypes. The TCR and absolute growth rate (TCA) were different for the two biotypes, especially in the early development of plants. The susceptible biotype has higher growth ability when compared resistant, so that the numerical dominance of the resistant biotype compared to susceptible, verified under field conditions, it may be due to caused by herbicide selection pressure<br>O manejo químico das plantas daninhas aplicado atualmente na agricultura brasileira e mundial, vem selecionando biótipos resistentes aos herbicidas. Esta seleção pode alterar características da população original da área, trazendo consequências muitas vezes negativas. Recentemente, foi descoberto biótipos de Digitaria insularis resistentes ao glyphosate, diante deste contexto, o objetivo deste estudo foi identificar biótipos resistentes ao herbicida glyphosate e avaliar o crescimento e desenvolvimento de biótipos resistente e suscetível ao glyphosate. Os biótipos resistentes foram selecionados em áreas com histórico de aplicação contínua de glyphosate, e os biótipos suscetíveis em área sem aplicação contínua de glyphosate. Os experimentos foram conduzidos no Núcleo de Estações Experimentais pertencente à Unioeste. O primeiro experimento foi conduzido para se confirmar a resistência de um dos biótipos. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos de sete doses de glyphosate (0, 180, 720, 1.440, 2.880, 5.760 e 14.400 g ha-1). A aplicação foi realizada na fase de desenvolvimento, em que as plantas apresentavam de 2 a 5 perfilhos e 10 cm de altura. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à análise de variância e ajustados ao modelo de regressão não-linear do tipo sigmoidal. Foi necessária uma dose três vezes maior de glyphosate para controlar 50% das plantas do biótipo resistente em relação ao biótipo suscetível. Concluiu-se que há ocorrência de resistência em populações de D. insularis no Oeste Paranaense, sendo o biótipo coletado em Cascavel, considerado resistente. O segundo experimento foi conduzido visando avaliar as características de crescimento da espécie, utilizando-se o delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso com 4 repetições e 15 tratamentos, caracterizados por épocas de avaliação (14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, 56, 63, 70, 77, 84, 91, 98, 105 e 112 dias após a emergência (DAE)), em intervalos regulares de sete dias. Os biótipos foram transplantados em vasos com capacidade de 11 L, sendo uma planta de cada biótipo por vaso. Avaliações de área foliar e massa seca foram realizadas em 15 épocas. Com estes dados de matéria seca, foram calculados a taxa de crescimento absoluto (TCA), a taxa de crescimento relativo (TCR), taxa de assimilação líquida (TAL), razão de área foliar (RAF) e razão de peso foliar (RPF). Os dois biótipos apresentaram crescimento semelhante, atingindo o máximo da área foliar e massa seca aos 112 DAE. Não houve diferença no padrão de acúmulo de massa seca para os biótipos. A TCR e a taxa de crescimento absoluto (TCA) foram diferentes para os dois biótipos, principalmente no início do desenvolvimento das plantas. O biótipo suscetível possui maior habilidade de crescimento quando comparado ao resistente, de modo que a dominância numérica do biótipo resistente em relação ao suscetível, verificada em condição de campo, pode ser decorrente da pressão de seleção causada pelo herbicida
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Mogusu, Emmanuel [Verfasser], and Martin [Akademischer Betreuer] Elsner. "Compound specific isotope analysis to investigate sources and degradation of glyphosate / Emmanuel Mogusu ; Betreuer: Martin Elsner." Tübingen : Universitätsbibliothek Tübingen, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1197693971/34.
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Mensah, Paul Kojo. "Environmental water quality management of glyphosate-based herbicides in South Africa." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001987.
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Although the use of pesticides is necessary to meet the socio-economic needs of many developing countries, especially in Africa, side effects of these bio-active chemicals have contributed to contaminating aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Environmental water quality degradation by pesticides interferes with ecosystem health and poses numerous risks to aquatic life. In South Africa, glyphosate-based herbicides are frequently used to control weeds and invading alien plants, but ultimately end up in freshwater ecosystems. However, there are no South African-based environmental water quality management strategies to regulate these bio-active chemicals. Therefore, this study sought to provide a sound scientific background for the environmental water quality management of glyphosate-based herbicides in South Africa, by conducting both laboratory and field investigations. In the laboratory investigations, aquatic ecotoxicological methods were used to evaluate responses of the freshwater aquatic shrimp Caridina nilotica exposed to Roundup® at different biological system scales, and the responses of multiple South African aquatic species exposed to Roundup® through species sensitivity distribution (SSD). In the field investigations, the effect of Kilo Max WSG on the physicochemical and biological conditions of three selected sites in the Swartkops River before and after a spray episode by Working for Water were evaluated through biomonitoring, using the South African Scoring System version 5 (SASS5) as a sampling protocol. Both Roundup® and Kilo Max WSG are glyphosate-based herbicides. All the data were subjected to relevant statistical analyses. Findings of this study revealed that Roundup® elicited responses at different biological system scales in C. nilotica, while SSD estimates were used to derive proposed water quality guidelines for glyphosate-based herbicides in South Africa. The biomonitoring revealed that using glyphosate-based herbicides to control water hyacinth within the Swartkops River had a negligible impact on the physicochemical and biological conditions. Based on these findings, a conceptual framework that can be used for the integrated environmental water quality management of glyphosate-based herbicides in South Africa was developed as part of integrated water resource management (IWRM). The combined data sets contribute to a sound scientific basis for the environmental water quality management of glyphosate-based herbicides in South Africa.
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Ferreira, Silvio Douglas. "Ciclo biológico de biótipos de Digitaria insularis suscetível e resistente ao glyphosate em dois períodos de crescimento." Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, 2016. http://tede.unioeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/1315.
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Previous issue date: 2016-02-29<br>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior<br>This study aimed to evaluate the biological cycle of susceptible biotypes of Digitaria insularis and resistant to glyphosate. The seeds of the biotypes of D. insularis were collected in populations from geographically distant agricultural areas belonging to producers Brejo Paraibano no history of using herbicides, so susceptible's supposed to, and west of Paraná, with a history of resistance. To carry out the evaluations of the growth curves of both experiments the same methodologies were used. The experimental design was a randomized block with four replications. The treatments consisted of plant collections seasons, carried out at regular intervals: 14; 21; 28; 35; 42; 49; 56; 63; 70; 77; 84; 91; 98; 105; 112 and 119 days after emergence (DAE), corresponding to periods of 16 samplings in each period. Biotypes were characterized as follows: AG biotype was considered susceptible, while the CVEL biotypes, ERO and GR were considered resistant and showed FR50 2,7; 3,4 and 7,7 respectively. Between the summer / fall (average temperature of 24,6 °C), the S biotype began issuing tillers and flowering an average of 14 and 21 DAE, respectively, before the resistant biotypes. However, in autumn / Winter (average temperature 19 °C) only biotype R1 was able to develop and finalize the biological cycle. In the summer / autumn period, the S biotype showed the highest absolute growth rate (TCA) at 84 DAE, being 82,3% higher than the resistant biotypes. The higher ratio of leaf area (RAF) was obtained by biotype R3 at 77 DAE, however, could not be verified differences in the relative growth rate (RGR) between biotypes. Biotypes evaluated showed differences during development especially among the phenological phases, so that the susceptible biotype was the earliest and with high reproductive potential<br>Objetivou-se avaliar o ciclo biológico de biótipos de Digitaria insularis suscetível e resistente ao glyphosate. As sementes dos biótipos de D. insularis, foram coletadas em populações provenientes de áreas agrícolas geograficamente distantes, pertencentes a produtores do Brejo Paraibano sem histórico de uso de herbicidas, logo, suspostamente suscetível, e da região oeste do Paraná, com histórico de resistência. Para realizar as avaliações das curvas de crescimento dos dois experimentos foram utilizadas as mesmas metodologias. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizado com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos por épocas de coletas das plantas, realizadas em intervalos regulares de: 14; 21; 28; 35; 42; 49; 56; 63; 70; 77; 84; 91; 98; 105; 112 e 119 dias após a emergência (DAE), correspondendo a períodos de 16 coletas em cada período. Os biótipos foram caracterizados da seguinte maneira: biótipo AG foi considerado suscetível, enquanto que, os biótipos CVEL, ERO e GR foram considerados resistentes e apresentaram FR50 de 2,7; 3,4 e 7,7 respectivamente. No período o verão/outono (Temperatura média de 24,6°C), o biótipo S iniciou a emissão de perfilhos e o florescimento em média 14 e 21 DAE, respectivamente, antes que os biótipos resistentes. Entretanto, no período outono/inverno (Temperatura média de 19°C) apenas o biótipo R1 conseguiu se desenvolver e finalizar o ciclo biológico. No período verão/outono, o biótipo S apresentou maior Taxa de crescimento absoluto (TCA) aos 84 DAE, sendo 82,3% superior aos biótipos resistentes. A maior Razão da área foliar (RAF) foi obtida pelo biótipo R3 aos 77 DAE, porém, não foi possível verificar diferenças na Taxa de crescimento relativo (TCR) entre os biótipos. Os biótipos avaliados apresentaram diferenças durante o desenvolvimento principalmente entre as fases fenológicas, de modo que, o biótipo suscetível foi o mais precoce e com elevado potencial reprodutivo
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Toledo, Mariana Zampar [UNESP]. "Desenvolvimento de plântulas de soja em função da dessecação das plantas e do tratamento das sementes." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/100001.
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toledo_mz_dr_botfca.pdf: 1851428 bytes, checksum: 30a0f1dcb56c67c15b0654961c04794f (MD5)<br>Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)<br>Esta pesquisa foi realizada com o objetivo de avaliar a germinação das sementes e o desenvolvimento de plântulas de soja em função do tratamento químico das sementes, de diferentes níveis de vigor inicial, com fungicidas, inseticidas, micronutrientes e bioestimulante, produzidas com e sem dessecação das plantas em pré-colheita com glyphosate. A primeira etapa da pesquisa constou da produção de sementes da cultivar Conquista com diferentes níveis de vigor inicial, com e sem dessecação das plantas. O delineamento experimental foi blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições, em esquema de parcelas subsubdivididas. As parcelas principais foram definidas por duas épocas de semeadura (novembro e dezembro de 2008) e as subparcelas pela realização ou não da dessecação das plantas em pré-colheita com glyphosate na dose de 2,0 L ha-1, no estágio R7. As sementes foram colhidas em três etapas para cada uma das combinações de tratamentos no campo, quais sejam 1, 7 e 14 dias após a maturidade fisiológica, constituindo as subsubparcelas. Na etapa seguinte avaliou-se a qualidade das sementes colhidas, mediante testes de germinação e de vigor, para a determinação dos diferentes níveis de vigor. As sementes foram, então, tratadas com fungicidas, inseticidas, micronutrientes e um bioestimulante para posterior avaliação da germinação e do desenvolvimento das plântulas. Por fim, as sementes armazenadas, após o tratamento químico, foram avaliadas quanto às características das plântulas por meio de análise computadorizada de imagens (Seed Vigor Imaging System - SVIS®). Para a análise estatística, o delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições. Os dados de caracterização da qualidade das sementes após a colheita foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey (p 0,05)...<br>This work had the objective of evaluating soybean germination and seedling development affected by chemical treatment of seeds, with different vigor levels, with fungicides, insecticides, micronutrients and biostimulant, produced with and without preharvest desiccation with glyphosate. The first stage of this research was the production of soybean seeds, cultivar Conquista, with different levels of initial vigor, both with and without plant desiccation. Main plots consisted of two sowing times (November and December of 2008) combined with and without pre-harvest desiccation of plants with glyphosate at the dose 2,0 L ha-1, at R7, which were the subplots. Seeds of each subplot were harvested at three times, i.e., 1, 7 and 14 days after physiological maturity. Afterwards, seed quality was evaluated by germination and vigor tests to determine vigor levels. Then, seeds were treated with fungicides, insecticides, micronutrients and a biostimulant to evaluate germination and seedling development. Finally, the characeristics of seedlings produced by the stored seeds, treated and non-treated, were evaluated by an image system (Seed Vigor Imaging System - SVIS®), at The Ohio State University, Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, Columbus, Ohio, U.S.A. For statistical analysis, the experimental design was the completely randomized, with four replications. Seed quality data evaluated right after harvest was submitted to variance analysis and means were compared by the Tukey test (p 0.05), separately for each desiccation treatment. After chemical treatment, means were compared by the Tukey test (p 0,05) and analyzed as a factorial 2 x 6 x 8 (with and without pre-harvest desiccation x vigor levels x product) for fungicides, 2 x 6 x 2 for insecticides and 2 x 6 x 3 for micronutrients and the biostimulant. Dunnett test (p 0,05) was applied to compare each mean value with the control, without ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Toledo, Mariana Zampar 1982. "Desenvolvimento de plântulas de soja em função da dessecação das plantas e do tratamento das sementes /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/100001.
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Orientador: Cláudio Cavariani<br>Banca: Edvaldo Aparecido Amaral da Silva<br>Banca: Maria Laene Moreira de Carvalho<br>Banca: José de Barros França Neto<br>Barnca: Ana Dionisia da Luz Coelho Novembre<br>Resumo: Esta pesquisa foi realizada com o objetivo de avaliar a germinação das sementes e o desenvolvimento de plântulas de soja em função do tratamento químico das sementes, de diferentes níveis de vigor inicial, com fungicidas, inseticidas, micronutrientes e bioestimulante, produzidas com e sem dessecação das plantas em pré-colheita com glyphosate. A primeira etapa da pesquisa constou da produção de sementes da cultivar Conquista com diferentes níveis de vigor inicial, com e sem dessecação das plantas. O delineamento experimental foi blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições, em esquema de parcelas subsubdivididas. As parcelas principais foram definidas por duas épocas de semeadura (novembro e dezembro de 2008) e as subparcelas pela realização ou não da dessecação das plantas em pré-colheita com glyphosate na dose de 2,0 L ha-1, no estágio R7. As sementes foram colhidas em três etapas para cada uma das combinações de tratamentos no campo, quais sejam 1, 7 e 14 dias após a maturidade fisiológica, constituindo as subsubparcelas. Na etapa seguinte avaliou-se a qualidade das sementes colhidas, mediante testes de germinação e de vigor, para a determinação dos diferentes níveis de vigor. As sementes foram, então, tratadas com fungicidas, inseticidas, micronutrientes e um bioestimulante para posterior avaliação da germinação e do desenvolvimento das plântulas. Por fim, as sementes armazenadas, após o tratamento químico, foram avaliadas quanto às características das plântulas por meio de análise computadorizada de imagens (Seed Vigor Imaging System - SVIS®). Para a análise estatística, o delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições. Os dados de caracterização da qualidade das sementes após a colheita foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey (p 0,05) ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)<br>Abstract: This work had the objective of evaluating soybean germination and seedling development affected by chemical treatment of seeds, with different vigor levels, with fungicides, insecticides, micronutrients and biostimulant, produced with and without preharvest desiccation with glyphosate. The first stage of this research was the production of soybean seeds, cultivar Conquista, with different levels of initial vigor, both with and without plant desiccation. Main plots consisted of two sowing times (November and December of 2008) combined with and without pre-harvest desiccation of plants with glyphosate at the dose 2,0 L ha-1, at R7, which were the subplots. Seeds of each subplot were harvested at three times, i.e., 1, 7 and 14 days after physiological maturity. Afterwards, seed quality was evaluated by germination and vigor tests to determine vigor levels. Then, seeds were treated with fungicides, insecticides, micronutrients and a biostimulant to evaluate germination and seedling development. Finally, the characeristics of seedlings produced by the stored seeds, treated and non-treated, were evaluated by an image system (Seed Vigor Imaging System - SVIS®), at The Ohio State University, Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, Columbus, Ohio, U.S.A. For statistical analysis, the experimental design was the completely randomized, with four replications. Seed quality data evaluated right after harvest was submitted to variance analysis and means were compared by the Tukey test (p 0.05), separately for each desiccation treatment. After chemical treatment, means were compared by the Tukey test (p 0,05) and analyzed as a factorial 2 x 6 x 8 (with and without pre-harvest desiccation x vigor levels x product) for fungicides, 2 x 6 x 2 for insecticides and 2 x 6 x 3 for micronutrients and the biostimulant. Dunnett test (p 0,05) was applied to compare each mean value with the control, without ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)<br>Doutor
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Peters, Erica. "Spridning av bekämpningsmedel i banvall : Modellutveckling och känslighetsanalys." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Luft-, vatten och landskapslära, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-179988.
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The stability of railway embankment is essential for safe transport. In order to ensure safe transport, water should be allowed to freely drain. Furthermore, as the engine driver has to be able to see signs, and people working on the embankment are supposed to easily see flaws on the rails to ensure safety for the passing trains, plants should not be allowed to grow on the embankment. In Sweden there are 12 000 kilometers of railway tracks and 25–30 % of them are treated for weed control every year. The Swedish Transport Administration is currently using the pesticide “Roundup Bio” to remove weeds on the embankment. To prevent the dispersal of chemicals to sensitive ecosystems, chemical transport has to be investigated carefully. In this master thesis a transport model for the transport of pesticides has been simulated using the software “GoldSim”. The model have been developed, optimized and controlled by a sensitivity analysis. In addition to this an analysis of worst case scenarios has been tested. The pesticides “Arsenal 250” with the active substance imazapyr and “Roundup Bio” with the active substance glyphosate have been used in the calibrating of the model. The transport model for imazapyr shows a good estimation of the mass of herbicides in the embankment compared to measurements. There is also a good estimation in the groundwater even if the concentration at the beginning of the simulation period is underestimated. The simulation with glyphosate, on the on the other hand, showed very small quantities of both glyphosate and its degradation product AMPA (aminometylphosphateacid) in both the embankment and in the groundwater. The sensitivity test showed that the parameter half-life and Kd-value (adsorption capacity) were the most sensitive parameters in the model. When it comes to the concentration in the groundwater the distance to the groundwater level was the most sensitive parameter, as well as the Kd-value in the embankment, the half-life and the precipitation. As expected, the worst-case analysis showed that a small distance to the groundwater level, a low Kd-value and a short half-life produced even larger concentrations of herbicides in the groundwater. In conclusion it should be mentioned that the stimulation model generally works well in regards to with imazapyr. For stimulation of glyphosate and its metabolite AMPA more work with the model is required for the Swedish Transport Administration to apply it in the future.
Book chapters on the topic "Glyphosate Analysis"
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Patnaik, Pradyot. "Herbicides: Glyphosate." In Handbook of Environmental Analysis. CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315151946-35.
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Arcuri, Alessandra. "Glyphosate." In International Law's Objects. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198798200.003.0020.
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Glyphosate is the most widely used herbicide in the world. Globally, 6.1 billion kilograms have been applied in the last decade alone. In 2015, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), classified glyphosate as ‘probably carcinogenic to humans’. In stark contrast, regulatory authorities worldwide have attributed non-carcinogenic properties to glyphosate. By charting its recent regulatory history, this chapter demonstrates how glyphosate has been ‘subjected’ to law through a politics of separation. In the hybrid regulatory space where science and law interact, law retains its authority by cutting-off arguments. This politics of separation is expedient, as law ought to resolve conflicts, to decide. However, by cutting-off debate and discourse, political choices are being back-staged. Glyphosate, as an object of law, has catalyzed contestation of existing regulatory categories (eg risk assessment/hazard analysis). In so doing, glyphosate has brought the politics back to the front-stage, triggering a process of re-politicization of transnational risk regulation.
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Avino, Pasquale, Ivan Notardonato, and Mario Vincenzo Russo. "A Review of the Analytical Methods Based on Chromatography for Analyzing Glyphosate in Foods." In Pests, Weeds and Diseases in Agricultural Crop and Animal Husbandry Production. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.92810.
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Glyphosate is a pesticide widely used in agriculture, horticulture, and silviculture as well as around homes and gardens. It was introduced by Monsanto in the early 1970s, and it is a broad spectrum, nonselective, post-emergence herbicide that inhibits plants’ shikimic acid pathway. Glyphosate is considered as “difficult herbicide” in terms of trace analysis. It has low molecular weight, low volatility, thermal lability, and good water solubility. These properties cause problems in its extraction, purification, and detection. The determination often requires additional processes that may allow quantification by chromatographic methods. Several analytical procedures have been developed based on solid-phase extraction, ion-exchange chromatography, or matrix solid phase dispersion. Most published methods involve liquid extraction followed by clean-up. This review would like to revise the literature on this issue discussing the relevant chromatographic methods reported in the literature in terms of analytical parameters for analyzing such compound in food chain.
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Omoyele Adeniyi, Dele. "Toxicity Status and Risks of Common Active Ingredients in Open Markets." In Pesticides [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.104409.
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Agrochemical stores in selected geographical locations in North Central Nigeria were surveyed, a structured questionnaire administered and students of selected Universities and staff of the Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Development were sampled. Seventeen active ingredients: Paraquat dichloride, Glyphosate, Permethrin + pyriproxyfen, Dimethylamine salt, Cypermethrin, Chlorpyrifos, Dichlorvos, Lambda-cyhalothrin, 2,2-dichlorovinyl Dimethyl phosphate, Hexaconazole, Imidacloprid, Dimethoate, Nicosulfuron, Profenofos + cypermethrin, S-metolachlor, Carbendazim, and Mancozeb were recorded, and dominated by herbicides and insecticides. Toxicity analysis of active ingredients in open markets based on the recommendation of international standard organizations showed that some common active ingredients were not approved and some others were not listed for agricultural use. Many of the active ingredients negatively affect plant pollinators, aquatic animals, are highly toxic to birds, honey bees, and poses risk to wildlife. Some others are a possible carcinogen, fatal if inhaled, highly hazardous with high environmental toxicity posing a serious health risk to humans by disrupting the endocrine system, inducing heritable mutations in germ cells, impair fertility and reproductive toxicity.
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A., Helio, Daniel T., Alexandre Y., Maria A. F. Pires, and Oscar V. "Residue Analysis of Glyphosate and Aminomethylphosphonic Acid (AMPA) in Soybean Using Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Tandem Mass Spectrometry." In Soybean - Biochemistry, Chemistry and Physiology. InTech, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/15817.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Glyphosate Analysis"
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Jin, Meihui, Wanying Song, Yang Liu, et al. "Raman spectrum calculation and analysis of glyphosate." In 2012 International Conference on Manipulation, Manufacturing and Measurement on the Nanoscale (3M-NANO). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/3m-nano.2012.6472989.
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"Stochastic sensitivity analysis of glyphosate biochemical degradation." In 22nd International Congress on Modelling and Simulation. Modelling and Simulation Society of Australia and New Zealand (MSSANZ), Inc., 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.36334/modsim.2017.b3.lacecelia.
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Guo, Zhongxian, Qiantao Cai, and Zhaoguang Yang. "Determination of Water-Soluble Organophosphorus Herbicides by Ion Chromatography With Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry Detection." In 1st Water Quality, Drought, Human Health and Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/water2006-20024.
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There is a high risk for human exposure to organophosphorus pesticides through contaminated drinking water. Glyphosate, glufosinate, fosamine and ethephon are among the water-soluble herbicides used currently. Sensitive and rapid analytical methodologies are critical for evaluating their residuals in a broad variety of samples, including environmental waters. However, challenges arise from the inherent chemical properties of the herbicides: strong polarity, high solubility in water, insolubility in organic solvent (except ethephon), absence of chromophore or fluorophore in their molecular structures. So far very rare analytical methods are available for ethephon [1] and fosamine [2], while glyphosate and glufosinate are often determined by gas chromatography [3], high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) [4] and capillary electrophoresis (CE) [5]. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) is sensitive, rapid, selective, and is more powerful when hyphenated with appropriate separation. For the analysis of glufosinate, glyphosate and its metabolite aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA), ICP-MS was recently coupled to CE [6] or ion-pairing reversed-phase LC [7].