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Journal articles on the topic 'Glyphosate toxicity'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 15 July 2025

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1

Soares, Diogo, Liliana Silva, Sofia Duarte, Angelina Pena, and André Pereira. "Glyphosate Use, Toxicity and Occurrence in Food." Foods 10, no. 11 (2021): 2785. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10112785.

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Glyphosate is a systemic, broad-spectrum and post-emergent herbicide. The use of glyphosate has grown in the last decades, and it is currently the most used herbicide worldwide. The rise of glyphosate consumption over the years also brought an increased concern about its possible toxicity and consequences for human health. However, a scientific community consensus does not exist at the present time, and glyphosate’s safety and health consequences are controversial. Since glyphosate is mainly applied in fields and can persist several months in the soil, concerns have been raised about the impac

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2

Marino, Marianna, Elena Mele, Andrea Viggiano, Stefania Lucia Nori, Rosaria Meccariello, and Antonietta Santoro. "Pleiotropic Outcomes of Glyphosate Exposure: From Organ Damage to Effects on Inflammation, Cancer, Reproduction and Development." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 22 (2021): 12606. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms222212606.

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Glyphosate is widely used worldwide as a potent herbicide. Due to its ubiquitous use, it is detectable in air, water and foodstuffs and can accumulate in human biological fluids and tissues representing a severe human health risk. In plants, glyphosate acts as an inhibitor of the shikimate pathway, which is absent in vertebrates. Due to this, international scientific authorities have long-considered glyphosate as a compound that has no or weak toxicity in humans. However, increasing evidence has highlighted the toxicity of glyphosate and its formulations in animals and human cells and tissues.

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3

Słojewska, Aleksandra, Mikołaj Łabuda, Klaudia Królikowska, et al. "Glyphosate: Human Exposure and Health Impacts — A Literature Review." Journal of Education, Health and Sport 81 (May 4, 2025): 60109. https://doi.org/10.12775/jehs.2025.81.60109.

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Introduction and Purpose: Glyphosate is the most widely used herbicide globally, primarily due to its effectiveness and compatibility with genetically modified (GM) crops. Its non-selective action on the shikimate pathway makes it suitable for widespread use in agriculture, urban areas, and water management. However, growing concerns have emerged over its potential health effects, particularly following its classification by IARC in 2015 as "probably carcinogenic to humans." This review aims to examine current knowledge on glyphosate exposure, its environmental prevalence, human biomonitoring

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4

Talyn, Becky, Kelly Muller, Cindy Mercado, Bryan Gonzalez, and Katherine Bartels. "The Herbicide Glyphosate and Its Formulations Impact Animal Behavior across Taxa." Agrochemicals 2, no. 3 (2023): 367–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agrochemicals2030022.

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Use of glyphosate and glyphosate-based herbicides is ubiquitous in US agriculture and widespread around the world. Despite marketing efforts to the contrary, numerous studies demonstrate glyphosate toxicity to non-target organisms including animals, primarily focusing on mortality, carcinogenicity, renal toxicity, reproductive, and neurological toxicity, and the biochemical mechanisms underlying these physiological outcomes. Glyphosate toxicity also impacts animal behavior, both in model systems and in agricultural and environmentally relevant contexts. In this review, we examine the effects o

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Nalewaja, John D., and Robert Matysiak. "Species Differ in Response to Adjuvants with Glyphosate." Weed Technology 6, no. 3 (1992): 561–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x0003579x.

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Diammonium sulfate often is used as an adjuvant with glyphosate. Experiments were conducted in the greenhouse to determine the effectiveness of diammonium sulfate in overcoming calcium antagonism of glyphosate toxicity to wheat, sunflower, kochia, and soybean. Each species was a separate experiment and treatments varied with the experiment. Diammonium sulfate at 0.5% (w/v) in a spray carrier containing calcium chloride (500 ppm calcium) overcame calcium antagonism of glyphosate toxicity to wheat, overcame antagonism and enhanced toxicity to sunflower, but only partly overcame calcium antagonis

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6

Bates, Nicola, and Nick Edwards. "Glyphosate toxicity in animals." Clinical Toxicology 51, no. 10 (2013): 1243. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/15563650.2013.851390.

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7

Gill, Jatinder Pal Kaur, Nidhi Sethi, Anand Mohan, Shivika Datta, and Madhuri Girdhar. "Glyphosate toxicity for animals." Environmental Chemistry Letters 16, no. 2 (2017): 401–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10311-017-0689-0.

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8

Raipulis, Jēkabs, Malda Toma, and Maija Balode. "Toxicity and Genotoxicity Testing of Roundup." Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Section B. Natural, Exact, and Applied Sciences. 63, no. 1-2 (2009): 29–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10046-009-0009-6.

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Toxicity and Genotoxicity Testing of Roundup Glyphosate, in the commercial formulation named Roundup, is a broad spectrum herbicide that is one of the most frequently applied pesticides in the world. However, there has been little evidence of Roundup toxicity or genotoxicity. Genotoxicity of glyphosate was carried out using the Escherichia coli SOS chromotest. The glyphosate-induced dose response in the SOS chromotest suggests that glyphosate possesses genotoxic properties. Glyphosate at a 0.2 g/l concentration in toxicity bioassay caused 50% mortality of Daphnia magna (LD50 after 24 h — 0.22

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9

Fattah, Yousif M., and Ali H. Omer. "Evaluation of genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of Glyphosate on Allium cepa." Technium BioChemMed 2, no. 1 (2021): 131–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.47577/biochemmed.v2i1.3332.

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Glyphosate is a broad-spectrum herbicide used mostly in crops. This study looked at the genotoxic and Glyphosate has a cytotoxic effect on Allium cepa. As toxicity markers, the Mitotic index, chromosomal aberrations, formations of Micronucleus, germination percentage, root duration, and seed weight were used. Allium cepa seeds were afflicted with distinct concentrations (0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 ml/l) of Glyphosate for 24 h treatment periods. The results reveal that pesticide Glyphosateis capable to reduce root growth and causes chromosomal aberrations;consisting of an anaphase bridge, ring chrom

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10

Hernández-Zamora, Miriam, Alma Rodríguez-Miguel, Laura Martínez-Jerónimo, and Fernando Martínez-Jerónimo. "Combined Toxicity of Glyphosate (Faena®) and Copper to the American Cladoceran Daphnia exilis—A Two-Generation Analysis." Water 15, no. 11 (2023): 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15112018.

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Glyphosate and copper are common pollutants in water and soil. Glyphosate is the most used herbicide worldwide; despite being claimed to be a low-toxicity pesticide and easily degraded, several studies have demonstrated glyphosate’s occurrence and toxicity in freshwater ecosystems. Copper is an essential micronutrient; however, at high concentrations, it becomes toxic, and it is a persistent contaminant discharged from agricultural and industrial activities. Both glyphosate and Cu are agrochemicals that can occur in aquatic environments and produce stress in aquatic biota. Cladocerans are impo

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11

Nalewaja, John D., Robert Matysiak, and Thomas P. Freeman. "Spray Droplet Residual of Glyphosate in Various Carriers." Weed Science 40, no. 4 (1992): 576–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500058161.

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Scanning electron micrographs of spray droplet residual on wheat, sunflower, and kochia indicated that salts and various adjuvants applied with glyphosate affected deposit crystal content, thickness, and contact with the leaf surface. Spray deposits of glyphosate applied with diammonium sulfate contained distinct crystals, which related to enhanced toxicity of glyphosate applied alone, or to overcoming antagonism of glyphosate toxicity by calcium chloride, when applied to wheat. In general, glyphosate applied with antagonistic calcium chloride salt formed spray deposits that were amorphous, th

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Nalewaja, John D., and Robert Matysiak. "2,4-D and Salt Combinations Affect Glyphosate Phytotoxicity." Weed Technology 6, no. 2 (1992): 322–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00034801.

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Experiments conducted in the greenhouse indicated that 2,4-D antagonism of glyphosate toxicity to wheat was sodium salt = butoxyethyl ester ≥ diethanolamine. Isopropylamine salt of 2,4-D generally was not antagonistic to glyphosate phytotoxicity. Isopropylamine salt of 2,4-D did not influence the antagonism of glyphosate by inorganic salts in the spray carrier. Antagonism of glyphosate toxicity to wheat by 2,4-D increased when sodium bicarbonate, calcium chloride, and ferric sulfate were in the spray carrier water. Isopropylamine alone as an adjuvant enhanced glyphosate toxicity to wheat, and

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13

Martins-Gomes, Carlos, Tânia L. Silva, Tatiana Andreani, and Amélia M. Silva. "Glyphosate vs. Glyphosate-Based Herbicides Exposure: A Review on Their Toxicity." Journal of Xenobiotics 12, no. 1 (2022): 21–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jox12010003.

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Glyphosate-based herbicide has been the first choice for weed management worldwide since the 1970s, mainly due to its efficacy and reported low toxicity, which contributed to its high acceptance. Many of the recent studies focus solely on the persistence of pesticides in soils, air, water or food products, or even on the degree of exposure of animals, since their potential hazards to human health have raised concerns. Given the unaware exposure of the general population to pesticides, and the absence of a significant number of studies on occupational hazards, new glyphosate-induced toxicity da

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14

Pawar, Priyanshu, Mounika Jarpla, D. K. Narwade, et al. "A Review on the Sublethal Effects of Pure and Formulated Glyphosate on Bees, with a Focus on Social Bee Species." Archives of Current Research International 24, no. 12 (2024): 28–42. https://doi.org/10.9734/acri/2024/v24i12995.

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Glyphosate, one of the most widely used herbicides globally, has been extensively applied in agriculture due to its efficacy in weed control. However, recent studies have raised concerns about its sublethal effects on non-target organisms, particularly social bee species such as honeybees (Apis mellifera), bumblebees (Bombus spp.), and stingless bees (e.g., Melipona, Trigona). While glyphosate's primary mechanism targets the shikimate pathway, which is absent in animals, emerging evidence suggests it can indirectly impact bees by altering their gut microbiota, immune responses, and behavior. R

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15

Singh, Simranjeet, Vijay Kumar, Jatinder Pal Kaur Gill, et al. "Herbicide Glyphosate: Toxicity and Microbial Degradation." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 20 (2020): 7519. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17207519.

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Glyphosate is a non-specific organophosphate pesticide, which finds widespread application in shielding crops against the weeds. Its high solubility in hydrophilic solvents, especially water and high mobility allows the rapid leaching of the glyphosate into the soil leading to contamination of groundwater and accumulation into the plant tissues, therefore intricating the elimination of the herbicides. Despite the widespread application, only a few percentages of the total applied glyphosate serve the actual purpose, dispensing the rest in the environment, thus resulting in reduced crop yields,

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16

Muhammad, Umar Abubakar, Nur Adeela Yasid, Hassan Mohd Daud, and Mohd Yunus Shukor. "Glyphosate Herbicide Induces Changes in the Growth Pattern and Somatic Indices of Crossbred Red Tilapia (O. niloticus × O. mossambicus)." Animals 11, no. 5 (2021): 1209. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11051209.

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The development of glyphosate-resistant genetically modified organisms (GMO) has increased the use of herbicide glyphosate by several magnitudes in recent years. It is now the most commonly used pesticide globally that affects aquatic habitats, especially fish. This study aims to add new knowledge on the effect of technical grade glyphosate on several toxicity parameters and to identify the most effective parameter in predicting technical grade glyphosate chronic toxicity (seven weeks) to fish, especially Malaysia’s heavily farmed red tilapia. The results show that a relatively high concentrat

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17

Wee, June, Yun-Sik Lee, Yongeun Kim, Jino Son, and Kijong Cho. "Temperature and Aging Affect Glyphosate Toxicity and Fatty Acid Composition in Allonychiurus kimi (Lee) (Collembola)." Toxics 9, no. 6 (2021): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics9060126.

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Glyphosate is the most used herbicide worldwide, but enormous use of glyphosate has raised concerned about its environmental loadings. Although glyphosate is considered non-toxic, toxicity data for soil non-target organisms according to temperature and aging are scarce. This study examined the toxicity of glyphosate with the temperature (20 °C and 25 °C) and aging times (0 day and 7 days) in soil using a collembolan species, Allonychiurus kimi (Lee). The degradation of glyphosate was investigated. Fatty acid composition of A. kimi was also investigated. The half-life of glyphosate was 2.38 day

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18

Kaeoboon, Somruthai, Rungcharn Suksungworn, and Nuttha Sanevas. "Toxicity response of Chlorella microalgae to glyphosate herbicide exposure based on biomass, pigment contents and photosynthetic efficiency." Plant Science Today 8, no. 2 (2021): 293–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.14719/pst.2021.8.2.1068.

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The extensive use of glyphosate (N-(phosphonomethyl) glycine) herbicide in agriculture is accompanied by the risk of environmental contamination of aquatic ecosystems. In this study, the effects of glyphosate at different concentrations (50–500 µg ml-1) on three Chlorella species including Chlorella ellipsoidea, Chlorella sorokiniana and Chlorella vulgaris especially in relation to the biomass, pigment contents and photosynthetic efficiency were assessed. After treatment for 24 hr, the acute toxicity results showed that C. vulgaris (IC50 = 449.34 ± 6.20 µg ml-1) was more tolerant to glyphosate

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19

Dong, Yu, Yuan Li, Liwen Ma, et al. "Associations between Glyphosate Exposure and Glycemic Disorders: A Focus on the Modifying Effect of Sex Hormones." Toxics 12, no. 8 (2024): 600. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics12080600.

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Widespread glyphosate contamination in the environment and its endocrine-disrupting potential are concerning. However, evidence of glyphosate’s effects on glycemic health is limited. To examine the association between glyphosate and glucose homeostasis in the general US population, a total of 3038 individuals were enrolled from the 2013-2016 cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Survey-weighted linear regression and restricted cubic spline curves were used to detect the associations between glyphosate and glycemic disorders. The effects of interactions betwee

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20

Flint, Jerry L., and Michael Barrett. "Antagonism of Glyphosate Toxicity to Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) by 2,4-D and Dicamba." Weed Science 37, no. 5 (1989): 700–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500072660.

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Greenhouse studies were conducted to determine the basis for reduced johnsongrass control when glyphosate was applied in mixtures with 2,4-D or dicamba. Glyphosate was applied to johnsongrass at 0.28, 0.56, 0.84, and 1.12 kg/ha alone and in combination with 2,4-D or dicamba at 0.14, 0.28, 0.14, or 0.56 kg/ha. Johnsongrass shoot and root fresh weights measured 4 weeks after treatment were higher when glyphosate was applied with 2,4-D (0.28 kg/ha glyphosate) or dicamba (0.28 kg/ha or 0.56 kg/ha glyphosate) compared to glyphosate applied alone at these rates. The antagonism of johnsongrass contro

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21

Jackson, JohnR. "TOXICITY OF HERBICIDE CONTAINING GLYPHOSATE." Lancet 331, no. 8582 (1988): 414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(88)91205-6.

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22

R., Oyelakin, and Aiyesanmi A. "Effect of Lead and Chromium on the Toxicity of Glyphosate Herbicides to African Catfish Clarias Gariepinus (Burchell 1822)." African Journal of Environment and Natural Science Research 7, no. 2 (2024): 176–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.52589/ajensr-nn6sz2hb.

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There is a growing increase in pollution of the aquatic ecosystems with a wide range of chemicals including herbicides and heavy metals input through anthropogenic activities, leading to disruption of ecological balance. This study used a static toxicity bioassay to examine the interaction between heavy metals (Pb and Cr) and organophosphorus herbicides (analytical grade glyphosate, commercially formulated - Roundup and Forceup) on African catfish (Clarias gariepinus BURCHELL 1822). Lethal concentrations (LC50) for roundup (RU), forceup (FU), analytical grade glyphosate (AGG), chromium (Cr), a

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23

Klátyik, Szandra, Eszter Takács, Attila Barócsi, et al. "Hormesis, the Individual and Combined Phytotoxicity of the Components of Glyphosate-Based Formulations on Algal Growth and Photosynthetic Activity." Toxics 12, no. 4 (2024): 257. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics12040257.

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The occurrence of the market-leading glyphosate active ingredient in surface waters is a globally observed phenomenon. Although co-formulants in pesticide formulations were considered inactive components from the aspects of the required main biological effect of the pesticide, several studies have proven the high individual toxicity of formulating agents, as well as the enhanced combined toxicity of the active ingredients and other components. Since the majority of active ingredients are present in the form of chemical mixtures in our environment, the possible combined toxicity between active

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24

El Joumani, H., M. El Alami, and M. Naciri. "Acute and Chronic Toxicity of a glyphosate on Danio rerio." Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment 25, no. 9 (2021): 54–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.25303/259rjce5460.

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Glyphosate herbicides are the most widely produced and used herbicides in the world. The intensive applications of glyphosate and its half-life in water result into many aquatic ecosystems. The present study focuses on the evaluation of glyphosate toxicity on the early life stages of the fish Danio rerio. Analysis of the test results revealed that glyphosate is toxic to zebrafish. This effect is marked by the increase in percent mortality at peak concentrations. Long-term exposure to glyphosate affects the hatching rate, heart rate and swimming ability of zebrafish. Significant malformations w

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De França, Giovana Aparecida Machado, Matheus Leite Barreto, Fabricio Carlos De Moura, Romulo Tadeu Dias De Oliveira, Jocimar De Souza, and Yoko Oshima-Franco. "From glyphosate-based herbicide, organic extract, purified organic extract to pure glyphosate: comparative toxicity to cholinesterase enzyme." CONTRIBUCIONES A LAS CIENCIAS SOCIALES 16, no. 8 (2023): 9537–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.55905/revconv.16n.8-082.

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Glyphosate is an organophosphate herbicide widely used in agriculture and has been classified as a probable carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). Roundup Original Mais (ROM) is a glyphosate-based herbicide that contains glyphosate along with other ingredients, and its effects on human health are still a matter of controversy. This study aimed to compare the toxicity of ROM, gradual purified organic extract until pure glyphosate, on serum cholinesterase. Petroleum ether organic extracts of ROM were obtained through procedure A, in which ROM was solubilized in wat

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Gravena, Renan, Ricardo Victoria Filho, Pedro Luis C. A. Alves, Paulo Mazzafera, and Adriana R. Gravena. "Glyphosate has low toxicity to citrus plants growing in the field." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 92, no. 1 (2012): 119–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps2011-055.

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Gravena, R., Filho, R. V., Alves, P. L. C. A., Mazzafera, P. and Gravena, A. R. 2012. Glyphosate has low toxicity to citrus plants growing in the field. Can. J. Plant Sci. 92: 119–127. There has been controversy over whether glyphosate used for weed management in citrus fields causes significant toxicity to citrus plants. Glyphosate may be toxic to non-target plants exposed to accidental application or drift. This work evaluated glyphosate toxicity in plants of Valencia citrus (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) grafted onto ‘Rangpur lime’ (Citrus limonia L. Osbeck) and citrumelo ‘Swingle’ (Poncirus t

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Gaius-Mbalisi, V. K., E. S. Asiwe, O. R. Nlemolisa, U. N. Kemka, and U. R. Onyeukwu. "Assessment of Experimental and Predicted Toxicity of Pesticides and Heavy Metals Binary Mixtures to Rhizobium Species." International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology 8, no. 4 (2023): 924–34. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7879787.

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- The present study assessed the experimental and predicted toxicity of pesticides and heavy metals binary mixtures to Rhizobium species. The experimental toxicity response was assessed using the inhibitory effect of the individual and binary mixtures of glyphosate (Gly) with cadmium (Cd (II) and lead (Pb (II)); and 2, 2 Dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphate (DDVP) with Cd (II) and Pb (II) to Rhizobium species total dehydrogenase activity using 2,3,5 triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) as the artificial electron acceptor. The binary mixtures were composed using fixed percentage ratios of 50% : 50%,

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Joachim, Ano Ehui, Siapo Yao Martin, Diby Yao Kan Séraphin, and Tahiri Yamousso Annick. "Evaluation of the Toxicity of Glyphosate and its Impact on the Tolerance of Ancistrotermes guineensis to Chlorpyrifos-ethyl and the Methanolic Extract of Tithonia diversifolia." Scholars Academic Journal of Biosciences 12, no. 10 (2024): 327–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.36347/sajb.2024.v12i10.001.

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The massive use of glyphosate as a means of weed control is increasingly observed in cocoa plantations in Ivory Coast. Added to this is the ineffectiveness of the treatments. These observations led us to evaluate the level of resistance of A. guineensis to Chlorpyrifos-ethyl and T. diversifolia extract after exposure to glyphosate. The toxicity of glyphosate on A. guineensis workers was evaluated by direct toxicity. For the evaluation of the impact of glyphosate on the tolerance of A. guineensis workers, 50 workers taken at random from 75 workers previously exposed to glyphosate for 4, 6, 12 a

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Yerima, R., LT Jacob, and S. Nazeef. "Acute Toxicity of Glyphosate and Propanil on Clarias gariepinus Juveniles." Greener Journal of Biological Sciences 13, no. 1 (2023): 16–23. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8141211.

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<strong>The impact of short term exposure to the commonly used herbicides, glyphosate and propanil on <em>Clarias gariepinus</em> juveniles was evaluated using standard methods that assessed fish behavior and mortality. Fish exhibited some behavioral abnormalities such as hyperactivity, hitting of tails against the walls of the holding medium and abnormal swimming. The herbicides caused mortality of fish in a concentration dependent manner for the duration of exposure to acute concentrations of both herbicides for 96 hrs. However, the LC50 value for glyphosate by probit method/analyses was 2.0

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Masci, Maurizio, Roberto Caproni, and Teresina Nevigato. "Chromatographic Methods for the Determination of Glyphosate in Cereals together with a Discussion of Its Occurrence, Accumulation, Fate, Degradation, and Regulatory Status." Methods and Protocols 7, no. 3 (2024): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mps7030038.

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The European Union’s recent decision to renew the authorization for the use of glyphosate until 15 December 2033 has stimulated scientific discussion all around the world regarding its toxicity or otherwise for humans. Glyphosate is a chemical of which millions of tons have been used in the last 50 years worldwide to dry out weeds in cultivated fields and greenhouses and on roadsides. Concern has been raised in many areas about its possible presence in the food chain and its consequent adverse effects on health. Both aspects that argue in favor of toxicity and those that instead may indicate l

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Amerio, Paolo, Angela Motta, Paola Toto, et al. "Skin Toxicity from Glyphosate‐Surfactant Formulation." Journal of Toxicology: Clinical Toxicology 42, no. 3 (2004): 317–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/clt-120038769.

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Moraes, J. S., Oliveira T.P., Guimarães P.S., and Martins C.M.G. "https://ecotoxbrasil.org.br/revista/28/ecotoxicology-and-environmental-contamination/." ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION 16, no. 1 (2021): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5132/eec.2021.01.07.

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Glyphosate is an active ingredient used in herbicide formulations worldwide. However, besides glyphosate, these formulations have other components to facilitate glyphosate absorption by plants. These include the surfactants such as polyoxyethylene amine (POEA) present in the Roundup Transorb® (RT) formulation. Glyphosate formulations are potentially more toxic to non-target organisms than the pure active ingredient. In this work, we evaluated the toxicity (72 h) of pure glyphosate and RT for the cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus, based on biomass growth and cell viability. The formulation

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Kim, Yu-Jin, Nitin Nitin, and Kyu-Bong Kim. "Negligible Toxicokinetic Differences of Glyphosate by Different Vehicles in Rats." Toxics 11, no. 1 (2023): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics11010067.

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Glyphosate is a non-selective herbicide. Although glyphosate is not acutely toxic, the intake of glyphosate-based herbicides has caused many accidents. Some studies have suggested that surfactants might be the cause. The purpose of this study was to compare the toxicokinetic (TK) properties of glyphosate according to different vehicles in rats. Glyphosate (1%) was dissolved in distilled water (DW), polyoxyethylene tallow amine (POEA), and Tween 20. After a single oral treatment of glyphosate (50 mg/kg), blood was collected at time intervals, and glyphosate concentrations in the target organ (l

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Spinelli, Veronica, Andrea Ceci, Chiara Dal Bosco, Alessandra Gentili, and Anna Maria Persiani. "Glyphosate-Eating Fungi: Study on Fungal Saprotrophic Strains’ Ability to Tolerate and Utilise Glyphosate as a Nutritional Source and on the Ability of Purpureocillium lilacinum to Degrade It." Microorganisms 9, no. 11 (2021): 2179. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9112179.

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Glyphosate is the most commonly used herbicide worldwide. Its improper use during recent decades has resulted in glyphosate contamination of soils and waters. Fungal bioremediation is an environmentally friendly, cost effective, and feasible solution to glyphosate contamination in soils. In this study, several saprotrophic fungi isolated from agricultural environments were screened for their ability to tolerate and utilise Roundup in different cultural conditions as a nutritional source. Purpureocillium lilacinum was further screened to evaluate the ability to break down and utilise glyphosate

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Wills, Gene D., and Chester G. McWhorter. "Effect of Inorganic Salts on the Toxicity and Translocation of Glyphosate and MSMA in Purple Nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus)." Weed Science 33, no. 6 (1985): 755–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500083296.

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The effects of several inorganic salts on the toxicity and translocation of nonradiolabeled and14C-radiolabeled MSMA (monosodium salt of MAA) and the isopropylamine salt of glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine] following foliar applications to purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundusL. ♯ CYPRO) were evaluated. Salts of the monovalent cations NH4+, K+, and Na+and to a lesser degree the anion PO4generally resulted in increased toxicity of these herbicides. Salts of the divalent and trivalent cations Zn++and Fe+++frequently reduced the activity of glyphosate and MSMA, whereas salts of the divalent Ca+

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Pereira, Welington, and Garvin Crabtree. "Absorption, Translocation, and Toxicity of Glyphosate and Oxyfluorfen in Yellow Nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus)." Weed Science 34, no. 6 (1986): 923–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500068119.

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The potential for yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentusL. var.leptostachyusBoeck. # CYPES) regrowth was reduced by increasing plant age and by glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine] and oxyfluorfen [2-chloro-1-(3-ethoxy-4-nitrophenoxy)-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzene]. Of the amount of glyphosate transported to underground parts, most was found in the tubers, with immature rhizomes, roots, and tubers having 2 to 3 times higher concentrations than comparable mature tissues. Addition of unlabeled oxyfluorfen as a tank mixture with glyphosate increased absorption and translocation, mainly into leaves a

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Qiu, Fuguo, Chaoran Li, Shunxi Wang, and Shuang Li. "Adsorption of Glyphosate in Water Using Iron-Based Water Treatment Residuals Derived from Drinking Water Treatment Plants." Processes 12, no. 7 (2024): 1352. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr12071352.

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Glyphosate, a broad-spectrum herbicide, poses a potential threat to human health and the ecosystem due to its toxicity. In this study, iron-based water treatment residuals (Fe-WTRs) were employed for glyphosate removal. The adsorption kinetics, isotherms, and thermodynamics, as well as the effects of pH, Fe-WTR particle size, and temperature, were explored. The results show that Fe-WTRs are an effective adsorbent for glyphosate adsorption, and the maximum uptake capacity was recorded as 30.25 mg/g. The Fe-WTR surface was positively charged, and low-valent iron dominated under acidic conditions

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Herrera-Gudiño, Evenly J., Mayra Alejandra Gomez Arguello, and Francisco Jose Molina Perez. "Toxicity of glyphosate and its degradation products in aquatic ecosystems: a review." Revista de Investigación Agraria y Ambiental 15, no. 1 (2023): 281–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.22490/21456453.6659.

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Context: The intensifying utilization of glyphosate has provoked global scientific concern due to the potential large-scale impact on ecosystems. In 2015, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) reclassified glyphosate and its degradation byproduct, aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA), as Category 2A, indicating probable human carcinogenicity. Knowledge Gap: A review of the existing literature reveals a relative scarcity of information on the aquatic impact of glyphosate and its degradation products. Purpose: To determine the scope and implications of the impact of glyphosate and

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Neal, J. C., and W. A. Skroch. "Effects of Timing and Rate of Glyphosate Application on Toxicity to Selected Woody Ornamentals." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 110, no. 6 (1985): 860–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.110.6.860.

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Abstract Thirteen species of woody ornamentals were treated over-the-top with glyphosate in a 6 × 6, rate by time factorial experiment. The influence of application timing on glyphosate phytotoxicity was significant for all species. The times of maximum tolerance and injury were species dependent. Species were organized into 4 response groups based on the effects of application time. Group 1 species, including ajuga (Ajuga reptans L.), azalea (Rhododendron obtusum Planch. ‘Coral Bells’), and a variegated liriope (Liriope muscari L.H. Bailey), were injured on all application dates. Species in g

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Fox, Austin, Hope Leonard, Eugenia Springer, and Tyler Provoncha. "Glyphosate Herbicide Impacts on the Seagrasses Halodule wrightii and Ruppia maritima from a Subtropical Florida Estuary." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 12, no. 11 (2024): 1941. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse12111941.

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Seagrass meadows are among the most threatened ecosystems on Earth, with losses attributed to increasing coastal populations, degraded water quality and climate change. As coastal communities work to improve water quality, there is increased concern regarding the use of herbicides within the watersheds of these sensitive ecosystems. Glyphosate is the most widely used herbicide on Earth because it is non-selective and lethal to most plants. Also, the targeted amino acid synthesis pathway of glyphosate is not carried out by vertebrates, and it is generally considered one of the safer but effecti

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Nalewaja, John D., and Robert Matysiak. "Spray Carrier Salts Affect Herbicide Toxicity to Kochia (Kochia scoparia)." Weed Technology 7, no. 1 (1993): 154–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00037040.

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Calcium chloride in the spray carrier antagonized the toxicity of diethanolamine 2,4-D and sodium 2,4-D, dimethylamine MCPA, sodium bentazon, dimethylamine dicamba and sodium dicamba, sodium acifluorfen, imazamethabenz, ammonium imazethapyr, and isopropylamine glyphosate to kochia in greenhouse experiments. Diammonium sulfate overcame calcium chloride antagonism of the above herbicides, except for glyphosate and imazethapyr. Diammonium sulfate or ammonium nitrate adjuvants overcame calcium chloride and sodium bicarbonate antagonism of dicamba toxicity to kochia and enhanced toxicity of sodium

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Sharma, Shiv D., and M. Singh. "Surfactants Increase Toxicity of Glyphosate and 2,4-D to Brazil Pusley." HortScience 36, no. 4 (2001): 726–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.36.4.726.

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Various combinations of glyphosate and 2,4-D (± surfactant) were evaluated for control of Brazil pusley [Richardia brasiliensis (Moq.) Gomez]. Typical 2,4-D symptoms on plants were manifested within 2 to 3 days after treatment. Application of glyphosate alone had only marginal effects (14%) on Brazil pusley, but the addition of Induce® (nonionic surfactant) significantly increased control to 83% and reduced the fresh weight by 68%. Application of Landmaster®II or a tank-mix of glyphosate + 2,4-D (± surfactants) resulted in 96% to 100% control. Treatment with 2,4-D alone, or with Induce®, or L-

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Nalewaja, John D., and Robert Matysiak. "Optimizing Adjuvants to Overcome Glyphosate Antagonistic Salts." Weed Technology 7, no. 2 (1993): 337–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x0002769x.

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Glyphosate toxicity to wheat was antagonized more by calcium chloride than sodium bicarbonate. Mixtures of the salts at greater than 100 mg L−1sodium bicarbonate and 200 mg L−1calcium chloride were additive in antagonism of glyphosate in the greenhouse experiments. Surfactant and oil adjuvants did not overcome sodium bicarbonate or calcium chloride antagonism of glyphosate. Oil adjuvants were generally antagonistic to glyphosate. An equation is presented that determines the amount of diammonium sulfate required to overcome glyphosate antagonism based upon the sodium, potassium, calcium, and ma

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Ibrahim, Rashid I. H., Ubai A. Alkhudairi, and Sultan A. S. Alhusayni. "Alleviation of Herbicide Toxicity in Solanum lycopersicum L.—An Antioxidant Stimulation Approach." Plants 11, no. 17 (2022): 2261. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11172261.

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Application of the herbicide glyphosate in crops is a common practice among farmers around the world. Tomato is one of the crops that are treated with glyphosate to fight weed growth and loss of crop. However, tomato plants often show phytotoxic effects from glyphosate. In this study, the ability of pongamia oil derived from Pongamia pinnata (known also as Millettia pinnata) tree to alleviate the herbicide glyphosate toxicity effects in tomato (S.lycopersicum L. cv. Micro-tom) plants was tested. Tomato plants were treated with a mixture of a dose of (GLY) glyphosate (10 mg kg−1) and different

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Cebollero, L. Ramírez, P. López-Aparicio, M. Natividad Recio, and M. A. Pérez-Albarsanz. "Glyphosate based herbicides toxicity, a new approach." Toxicology Letters 205 (August 2011): S233. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.05.797.

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Brunetti, Ryan, Joan A. Maradey, Rebecca S. Dearmin, Peter Matthew Belford, and Prashant D. Bhave. "Electrocardiographic abnormalities associated with acute glyphosate toxicity." HeartRhythm Case Reports 6, no. 2 (2020): 63–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hrcr.2019.10.014.

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Roy, Nicole M., Jeremy Ochs, Ewelina Zambrzycka, and Ariann Anderson. "Glyphosate induces cardiovascular toxicity in Danio rerio." Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology 46 (September 2016): 292–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.etap.2016.08.010.

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Terna Ini, Addai, Wusa Makena, Ibe Michael Usman, Aisha Aminu, and Madu Nom Gadzama. "Protective Role of Adansonia digitata Extract Against Glyphosate-induced Hepatorenal Toxicity in Adult Male Wistar Rats." Iranian Journal of Toxicology 16, no. 2 (2022): 135–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/ijt.16.2.920.1.

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Background: Glyphosate is the most widely used herbicide, and it poses numerous health risks to the environment and living organisms. This study aimed at assessing the protective role of Adansonia digitata (A. digitata) on glyphosate-induced hepatorenal toxicity in a Wistar rat model. Methods: Twenty-five rats were randomly divided into five groups of five animals each. The first group did not receive glyphosate and served as the control group. The second group received a single daily dose of only glyphosate (375 mg/kg). The treatment groups 3 and 4 were given a single daily dose of glyphosate

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Batubara, Irmanida, Rohayati Suprihatini, Silmi Mariya, et al. "Tea Constituent in Protecting Glyphosate Effect on Human Breast Cancers Cells (MCF-7) Growth." Jurnal Kimia Valensi 9, no. 2 (2023): 271–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/jkv.v9i2.33229.

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Glyphosate, which has been documented as a contaminant in tea, promotes the proliferation of human breast cancer cells (MCF-7). Tea, on the other hand, includes various antioxidants, including epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), which may protect against cancer cell proliferation. The purpose of this research is to determine the preventive effect of concentrated brewed green tea on MCF-7 development caused by glyphosate. The glyphosate concentration that promotes MCF-7 development was determined using a serial concentration of glyphosate. Glyphosate concentrations of up to 64 mg/L were shown to h

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Hamoudi, F. S., H. Berghiche, and S. Chouahda. "Assessing the effect of glyphosate on the shrimp Palaemon adspersus: Acute toxicity and biomarker responses." Biosystems Diversity 32, no. 1 (2024): 107–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/012410.

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Glyphosate, a widely used agricultural herbicide, poses a risk of aquatic contamination. This study assessed the acute toxicity of glyphosate in the shrimp Palaemon adspersus (Decapoda, Palaemonidae). The sublethal (LC10 and LC25) and lethal (LC50 and LC90) concentrations were estimated after 24 and 96 hours of exposure. The compound was added to rearing water at LC25 and LC50– for 96 hours during the exposure phase (24, 48, 72, and 96 hours). Shrimp were then transferred to clean seawater and collected during the recovery phase (24, 48, 72, and 96 hours). Enzymatic activities in shrimp heads

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