Academic literature on the topic 'Gmelina arborea'

The ancient literature of traditional Indian medicine indicate the potential medicinal values of Gmelina arborea as an important source of chemicals of enormous medicinal and pharmaceutical importance such as flavonoids, alkaloids, arboreol, isoarboreol, methyl arboreol, gummadiol, gmelanone, gmelinol, hexacosnol, n-octanol, β-sitosterol and luteolin. The present research has been undertaken with the aim to formulate and evaluate the herbal gel containing Gmelina arborea ethanolic leaf extract for antimicrobial properties. Phytochemical screening of Gmelina arborea reveals the presence of carbohydrates, alkaloids, saponins, tannins, anthraquinones and cardiac glycosides. The gel was prepared by using ethanolic leaf extract, Carbapol 934, methyl paraben, propyl paraben, propylene glycol, disodium EDTA, ethanol, triethanaloamine and distilled water. The physiochemical parameters of formulations such as pH, viscosity, spreadability and extrudability were determined. The results showed that the GF1 gel has better gel properties than other formulations. Determination of antimicrobial activity using the agar diffusion method showed that the crude extracts of the leaf and herbal gel of the plant inhibited the growth of recalcitrant pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus that frequently shows up in common skin infections. Neat ethanol extracts had the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.01 μg each implying greatest activity against Staphylococcus aureus. Activity of the extracts was consistently less than the conventional antibiotic, tetracycline. Results provided the scientific basis for the folkloric application of G. arborea leaf extract for the possible control of skin infection associated with Staphylococcus aureus bacteria.

The nutritive value ,voluntary dry matter intake, and the nutrient digestibility of graded levels of Gmelina arborea and cassava peels concentrates in WAD sheep was investigated. Twelve WAD sheep aged 1-2 years old and weighting 14.00± 0.45 kg were used in a complete randomized design. Diets were formulated such that cassava peels was replaced with Gmelina arborea leaf meal at 0, 33.33, 66.67, 100% levels, designated as diets A, B, C, and D respectively. Diet without Gmelina arborea leaf meal was tagged the control diet. The concentrate feed was compounded to contain 16% CP. Diets with 33.33% inclusion level of Gmelina arborea had significantly (P<0.05) higher dry matter intake (DMI) 598.80g day-1, while the lowest DMI 425.00g day-1 was obtained in animals fed 100% inclusion level of Gmelina arborea. Crude protein intake (CPI) of animals fed diets with 33.33% inclusion levels of Gmelina arborea were significantly (P<0.05) highest, followed by 66.67% inclusion level and the least was observed in 0% inclusion level of Gmelina arborea. Dry matter digestibility (DMD) was significantly (P<0.05) different across the dietary treatments, animals placed on diets with 33.33% inclusion level had the highest DMD, followed by animals on diets with 66.67, 100 and 0% inclusion levels. CP digestibility (P<0.05) increased from 33.33% to 100% inclusion levels of Gmelina arborea leaf meal, the lowest CP digestibility was observed at 0% inclusion level. CF digestibility (P<0.05) increased from 33.33% to 100% inclusion levels of Gmelina arborea leaf meal, while the lowest CF digestibility was observed at 0% inclusion level. N intake increased significantly (P<0.05) with increase in the level of Gmelina arborea inclusion from 33.33% to 100%. N retention was significantly (P<0.05) different, diets with 33.33% Gmelina arborea inclusion had the highest value (64.36g day-1) followed by 66.67%, 100% and the least (52.64g day-1) was at 0% inclusion level of Gmelina arborea. N balance values also followed the same trend. From the results of this study, it can be concluded that the inclusion of Gmelina arborea leaf meal in WAD rams diet was well tolerated without adverse effect on acceptability, intake and nutrient digestibility, and inclusion level of 33.33% is hereby recommended in ruminants diet for optimum performance and productivity.

Seventy-two (72) grower rabbit were used to assess the replacement of groundnut cake with Gmelina arborea leaf meal in the diets of grower rabbits and determining its effect on growth; nitrogen digestibility and the economics of rabbit production. There were six (6) dietary treatments with Gmelina arborea leaf meal replacing groundnut cake at 0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100%. Each treatment was replicated three (3) times with four (4) rabbits per replicate in a completely randomize blocked design (CRBD). Proximate analysis of Gmelina arborea leaves on air-cured basis showed that the leaves contained Dry Matter of 92.8, Crude Protein of 12.2, Crude Fibre of 24.88, Ether Extract of 2.18, Ash of 10.5 and Nitrogen Free Extract of 49.3%; with a Metabolizable Energy of 480Kcal/g. Results showed that the final body weight, body weight gain and feed to gain ratio showed no significant difference (P>0.05) between the treatments. The feed intake and cost of feed showed significant effect (P<0.05) between the treatments. The cost of feed decreased as more Gmelina arborea leaf meal replaced groundnut cake in the diets. Profit, gross profitability and feed cost efficiency increased as more Gmelina arborea leaf meal replaced groundnut cake in the diets. The study revealed that Gmelina arborea leaf meal can be used to replace 60% of groundnut cake in the diets of grower rabbits.


 
 
 Gmelina arborea Roxb. (Family Verbenaceae) leaves have long been used in traditional medicine to cure a variety of medical conditions. The purpose of this study is to examine the methanol, hydro alcohol, aqueous, hexane, ethyl acetate, extracts of Gmelina arborea leaves through FTIR spectroscopy method. FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) is a quick and nondestructive analysis technique. FTIR was utilised on a spectrophotometer system and performed to the identification of the typical peak values and the functional groups of Gmelina arborea leaf extracts. The presence of various bio-active functional groups in each extract was verified by FTIR analysis.
 
 

Abstract The aim of the present study was to investigate the extractives of Gmelina arborea stem from the sapwood (sW) to heartwood (hW) including the transition zone (tZ) between them by means of quantitative GC-MS, while the spatial distribution of four typical compounds was analysed by TOF-SIMS. The focus was on gmelinol, paulownin, 7′-O-ethyl arboreol, and β-sitosterol, which were isolated and purified from hW. The four compounds revealed a characteristic distribution pattern corresponding to their key role in biosynthesis and depending on their susceptibility to secondary reactions in the hW.

Abstract Antifungal activity of constituents from the heartwood of the Malaysian Gmelina arborea against Trametes versicolor and Fomitopsis palustris was investigated. A sensitive bioassay system for antifungal activity against basidiomycetes was developed which uses a medium in which homogenized hyphae were dispersed. Ethyl acetate- solubles from the heartwood showed the highest activity against both fungi, although the activity against F. palustris was quite weak. Spots exhibiting antifungal activity against T. versicolor were specified by autobiography of ethyl acetate-solubles, and five constituents were isolated and identified as (+)-7′-O-ethyl arboreol, (+)-paulownin, (+)-gmelinol, (+)-epieudesmin and (−)-β-sitosterol. The four lignans showed antifungal activity, whereas β-sitosterol did not. From the comparison of antifungal activity, it was concluded that the piperonyl nucleus contributed to the activity of lignans. Of the four lignans isolated, gmelinol appeared to be an important antifungal constituent, since it was rich in the heartwood of G. arborea. Furthermore, the synergism by coexistence of these five compounds was confirmed.

Gmelina arborea Roxb. is medicinally and economically important tree species were selected for study. An experiment was conducted to determine the influence of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus Glomus fasciculatum on salt stress tolerance of tree species Gmelina arborea. Mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal seedlings were treated with 100 mM and 200 mM concentration of NaCl. G. fasciculatum treated plant showed increase in fresh and dry weight, greater percentage of mycorrhizal colonization, higher accumulation of proline and chlorophyll content with increasing levels of salinity. G. fasciculatum colonization significantly increased tolerance of salinity, acid phosphatases, and Proline content and also antioxidant enzymes like peroxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase at all levels of salinity treatments of Gmelina plants in comparison with non-mycorrhizal salinity treated plants. These results demonstrate that AM fungus (G. fasciculatum) is very effective in strengthening the tolerance of Gmelina arborea grown in arid and semi arid areas.