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Journal articles on the topic 'Gmelina arborea'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 14 June 2025

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1

Powar, P. V., S. Rathod, R. B. Ambikar, and P. H. Sharma. "FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF A HERBAL ANTI-BACTERIAL GEL CONTAINING GMELINA ARBOREA LEAF EXTRACT." INDIAN DRUGS 52, no. 03 (2015): 10–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.53879/id.52.03.10255.

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The ancient literature of traditional Indian medicine indicate the potential medicinal values of Gmelina arborea as an important source of chemicals of enormous medicinal and pharmaceutical importance such as flavonoids, alkaloids, arboreol, isoarboreol, methyl arboreol, gummadiol, gmelanone, gmelinol, hexacosnol, n-octanol, β-sitosterol and luteolin. The present research has been undertaken with the aim to formulate and evaluate the herbal gel containing Gmelina arborea ethanolic leaf extract for antimicrobial properties. Phytochemical screening of Gmelina arborea reveals the presence of carbohydrates, alkaloids, saponins, tannins, anthraquinones and cardiac glycosides. The gel was prepared by using ethanolic leaf extract, Carbapol 934, methyl paraben, propyl paraben, propylene glycol, disodium EDTA, ethanol, triethanaloamine and distilled water. The physiochemical parameters of formulations such as pH, viscosity, spreadability and extrudability were determined. The results showed that the GF1 gel has better gel properties than other formulations. Determination of antimicrobial activity using the agar diffusion method showed that the crude extracts of the leaf and herbal gel of the plant inhibited the growth of recalcitrant pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus that frequently shows up in common skin infections. Neat ethanol extracts had the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.01 μg each implying greatest activity against Staphylococcus aureus. Activity of the extracts was consistently less than the conventional antibiotic, tetracycline. Results provided the scientific basis for the folkloric application of G. arborea leaf extract for the possible control of skin infection associated with Staphylococcus aureus bacteria.
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2

Pius, Amoka, and Tawose O. M. "ACCEPTABILITY AND UTILIZATION OF GRADED LEVELS OF GMELINA ARBOREA AND CASSAVA PEELS CONCENTRATES IN WEST AFRICAN DWARF SHEEP." JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN AGRICULTURE 4, no. 2 (2015): 415–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jaa.v4i2.4272.

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The nutritive value ,voluntary dry matter intake, and the nutrient digestibility of graded levels of Gmelina arborea and cassava peels concentrates in WAD sheep was investigated. Twelve WAD sheep aged 1-2 years old and weighting 14.00± 0.45 kg were used in a complete randomized design. Diets were formulated such that cassava peels was replaced with Gmelina arborea leaf meal at 0, 33.33, 66.67, 100% levels, designated as diets A, B, C, and D respectively. Diet without Gmelina arborea leaf meal was tagged the control diet. The concentrate feed was compounded to contain 16% CP. Diets with 33.33% inclusion level of Gmelina arborea had significantly (P<0.05) higher dry matter intake (DMI) 598.80g day-1, while the lowest DMI 425.00g day-1 was obtained in animals fed 100% inclusion level of Gmelina arborea. Crude protein intake (CPI) of animals fed diets with 33.33% inclusion levels of Gmelina arborea were significantly (P<0.05) highest, followed by 66.67% inclusion level and the least was observed in 0% inclusion level of Gmelina arborea. Dry matter digestibility (DMD) was significantly (P<0.05) different across the dietary treatments, animals placed on diets with 33.33% inclusion level had the highest DMD, followed by animals on diets with 66.67, 100 and 0% inclusion levels. CP digestibility (P<0.05) increased from 33.33% to 100% inclusion levels of Gmelina arborea leaf meal, the lowest CP digestibility was observed at 0% inclusion level. CF digestibility (P<0.05) increased from 33.33% to 100% inclusion levels of Gmelina arborea leaf meal, while the lowest CF digestibility was observed at 0% inclusion level. N intake increased significantly (P<0.05) with increase in the level of Gmelina arborea inclusion from 33.33% to 100%. N retention was significantly (P<0.05) different, diets with 33.33% Gmelina arborea inclusion had the highest value (64.36g day-1) followed by 66.67%, 100% and the least (52.64g day-1) was at 0% inclusion level of Gmelina arborea. N balance values also followed the same trend. From the results of this study, it can be concluded that the inclusion of Gmelina arborea leaf meal in WAD rams diet was well tolerated without adverse effect on acceptability, intake and nutrient digestibility, and inclusion level of 33.33% is hereby recommended in ruminants diet for optimum performance and productivity.
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3

Adeniji, A. A. "Effects of replacing groundnut cake with Gmelina arborea leaf meal in the diets of growing rabbits." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 40, no. 1 (2020): 96–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v40i1.651.

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Seventy-two (72) grower rabbit were used to assess the replacement of groundnut cake with Gmelina arborea leaf meal in the diets of grower rabbits and determining its effect on growth; nitrogen digestibility and the economics of rabbit production. There were six (6) dietary treatments with Gmelina arborea leaf meal replacing groundnut cake at 0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100%. Each treatment was replicated three (3) times with four (4) rabbits per replicate in a completely randomize blocked design (CRBD). Proximate analysis of Gmelina arborea leaves on air-cured basis showed that the leaves contained Dry Matter of 92.8, Crude Protein of 12.2, Crude Fibre of 24.88, Ether Extract of 2.18, Ash of 10.5 and Nitrogen Free Extract of 49.3%; with a Metabolizable Energy of 480Kcal/g. Results showed that the final body weight, body weight gain and feed to gain ratio showed no significant difference (P>0.05) between the treatments. The feed intake and cost of feed showed significant effect (P<0.05) between the treatments. The cost of feed decreased as more Gmelina arborea leaf meal replaced groundnut cake in the diets. Profit, gross profitability and feed cost efficiency increased as more Gmelina arborea leaf meal replaced groundnut cake in the diets. The study revealed that Gmelina arborea leaf meal can be used to replace 60% of groundnut cake in the diets of grower rabbits.
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4

Khalid, Almutazbellah, H. I. Ansari, and G. M. Sindhav. "Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy of Gmelina Arborea Roxb. Leaf Extracts." Journal of Asian Multicultural Research for Medical and Health Science Study 3, no. 3 (2022): 32–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.47616/jamrmhss.v3i3.314.

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 Gmelina arborea Roxb. (Family Verbenaceae) leaves have long been used in traditional medicine to cure a variety of medical conditions. The purpose of this study is to examine the methanol, hydro alcohol, aqueous, hexane, ethyl acetate, extracts of Gmelina arborea leaves through FTIR spectroscopy method. FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) is a quick and nondestructive analysis technique. FTIR was utilised on a spectrophotometer system and performed to the identification of the typical peak values and the functional groups of Gmelina arborea leaf extracts. The presence of various bio-active functional groups in each extract was verified by FTIR analysis.
 
 
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5

Mangindaan, Bill, Yasuyuki Matsushita, Dan Aoki, Sachie Yagami, Fumio Kawamura, and Kazuhiko Fukushima. "Analysis of distribution of wood extractives in Gmelina arborea by gas chromatography and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry." Holzforschung 71, no. 4 (2017): 299–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf-2016-0129.

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Abstract The aim of the present study was to investigate the extractives of Gmelina arborea stem from the sapwood (sW) to heartwood (hW) including the transition zone (tZ) between them by means of quantitative GC-MS, while the spatial distribution of four typical compounds was analysed by TOF-SIMS. The focus was on gmelinol, paulownin, 7′-O-ethyl arboreol, and β-sitosterol, which were isolated and purified from hW. The four compounds revealed a characteristic distribution pattern corresponding to their key role in biosynthesis and depending on their susceptibility to secondary reactions in the hW.
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6

Kawamura, F., S. Ohara, and A. Nishida. "Antifungal activity of constituents from the heartwood of Gmelina arborea: Part 1. Sensitive antifungal assay against Basidiomycetes." Holzforschung 58, no. 2 (2004): 189–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf.2004.028.

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Abstract Antifungal activity of constituents from the heartwood of the Malaysian Gmelina arborea against Trametes versicolor and Fomitopsis palustris was investigated. A sensitive bioassay system for antifungal activity against basidiomycetes was developed which uses a medium in which homogenized hyphae were dispersed. Ethyl acetate- solubles from the heartwood showed the highest activity against both fungi, although the activity against F. palustris was quite weak. Spots exhibiting antifungal activity against T. versicolor were specified by autobiography of ethyl acetate-solubles, and five constituents were isolated and identified as (+)-7′-O-ethyl arboreol, (+)-paulownin, (+)-gmelinol, (+)-epieudesmin and (−)-β-sitosterol. The four lignans showed antifungal activity, whereas β-sitosterol did not. From the comparison of antifungal activity, it was concluded that the piperonyl nucleus contributed to the activity of lignans. Of the four lignans isolated, gmelinol appeared to be an important antifungal constituent, since it was rich in the heartwood of G. arborea. Furthermore, the synergism by coexistence of these five compounds was confirmed.
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7

DUDHANE, Mayura Prakash, Mahesh Yashwant BORDE, and Paramjit Kaur JITE. "Effect of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Growth and Antioxidant Activity in Gmelina arborea Roxb. under Salt Stress Condition." Notulae Scientia Biologicae 3, no. 4 (2011): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nsb346230.

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Gmelina arborea Roxb. is medicinally and economically important tree species were selected for study. An experiment was conducted to determine the influence of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus Glomus fasciculatum on salt stress tolerance of tree species Gmelina arborea. Mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal seedlings were treated with 100 mM and 200 mM concentration of NaCl. G. fasciculatum treated plant showed increase in fresh and dry weight, greater percentage of mycorrhizal colonization, higher accumulation of proline and chlorophyll content with increasing levels of salinity. G. fasciculatum colonization significantly increased tolerance of salinity, acid phosphatases, and Proline content and also antioxidant enzymes like peroxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase at all levels of salinity treatments of Gmelina plants in comparison with non-mycorrhizal salinity treated plants. These results demonstrate that AM fungus (G. fasciculatum) is very effective in strengthening the tolerance of Gmelina arborea grown in arid and semi arid areas.
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8

Arora, Charu, and Vinita Tamrakar. "Gmelina arborea: A bioprospective plant." Progressive Agriculture 19, no. 2 (2019): 222. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0976-4615.2019.00045.0.

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9

Tiwari, Neerja, Akhilesh K. Yadav, Pooja Srivastava, Karuna Shanker, Ram K. Verma, and Madan M. Gupta. "Iridoid glycosides from Gmelina arborea." Phytochemistry 69, no. 12 (2008): 2387–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2008.06.016.

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10

Angamuthu, Sujatha. "Antioxidant Effect of Gmelina Arborea Stem Bark." Indian Journal of Applied Research 3, no. 4 (2011): 68–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/2249555x/apr2013/145.

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11

Binuomote, R. T., N. Muftaudeen, and C. A. Adekunle. "RUMEN PARAMETERS OF WEST AFRICAN DWARF SHEEP FED Panicum maximum SUPPLEMENTED WITH VARYING LEVELS OF Gmelina arborea LEAVES." Animal Health Journal 3, no. 2 (2022): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.47941/ahj.991.

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Purpose: This experiment was carried out to assess the rumen characteristics of West African dwarf sheep fed varying level of Panicum maximum supplemented with Gmelina arborea leaves.
 Methodology: Twenty (20) healthy West African Dwarf sheep with average weight of 10+0.55kg and were randomly allotted to five (5) diet with four (4) animals per treatment in a completely randomized design. The diets compared were A (100% Panicum maximum); B (75% Panicum maximum + 25% Gmelina arborea leaf); C (50% Panicum maximum + 50% Gmelina arborea leaf); D (25% Panicum maximum + 75% Gmelina arborea leaf); and E (100% Dried Gmelina arborea leaf). The diet samples were analyzed for chemical composition and anti-nutritive components. At the end of feeding trial, rumen liquor from the experimental animals were collected for rumen fermentation characteristics Data were collected on volatile fatty acids (VFAs) production rumen pH and ammonia nitrogen. 
 .Findings: The results obtained showed that the chemical composition and the anti-nutrient content in the diets were significantly (P<0.05) different. Dry matter was highest in diet E (82.50%) and lowest in diet A (36.50%). The crude protein ranged between (9.75%) in diet A and (18.33%) in diet E. the Neutral detergent fibre, Acid detergent fibre and Acid detergent lignin was highest in diet B (63.30%), A (31.50%) and C (16.60%) respectively. the anti-nutrient content of the diet showed no any negative effect on the animals. The acetic acid (5.93%), propionic acid (5.65%), butyric acid (5.40%), valeric acid (5.37%), total volatile fatty acids (34.37mmol/liter), lactic acid (7.37%) and pH (8.25) of the rumen were significantly (p<0.05) higher in animals on diet B than those on diets A, C, D and E. Animals on diet D had the highest values in terms of rumen ammonia concentration (0.53mg/100ml) followed closely was diet C and E with the value (0.48mg/100ml).
 Uique contribution to theory, practice and policy: It can be concluded that feeding West African Dwarf (WAD) sheep with Panicum maximum supplemented with Gmelina arborea leaves offers potential results in supplying fermentable nutrients needed to enhance favourable rumen environment for effective microbial activities without any adverse effect on on the rumen parameters status of the animals.
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12

John, W. C., M. Ishaya, A. O. Oladejo, O. Olori-Oke, T. A. Ihum, and C. J. Ukanyirioha. "Effects of Gmelina arborea Powdered Parts on Mortality of Dinoderus porcellus in Yam Chips." Nigerian Journal of Biotechnology 37, no. 2 (2021): 194–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njb.v37i2.19.

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The study aims at evaluating the efficacy of different doses of powdered stem and leaf parts of Gmelina arborea on Dinoderus porcellus infesting yam chips in Jos metropolis. The experiment was conducted at the Entomology Laboratory of the Federal College of Forestry, Jos. Samples of infested yam chips and Gmelina arborea were collected in Jos metropolis. Newly emerged adult Dinoderus porcellus were exposed to the yam chips which were mixed with different levels of Gmelina arborea parts powder (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 g). The setup was monitored for 120 hours and mortality recorded. The study was carried out in a randomized complete design with treatments replicated thrice. Data was analysed using analysis of variance at 1 and 5 percent confidence level and Duncan test was used to separate the means. The results obtained reveal significant differences at p value=0.05 and 0.01. The results reveal that in all the doses, an increase in the amount of the powder resulted in increased incidence of D. porcellus mortality. After 120 hours of exposure, 100 % mortality was recorded from either 15 or 20 g stem bark + leaf powder treatment. From the results obtained, the use of 15 g stem bark+leaf powder of Gmelina arborea could be effective in yam chips preservation which could in turn strengthen food security.
 Keywords: Yam chips; Dioscorea spp; Stem bark; Botanical; Leaf powder
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13

Osseni, Razack, Azonbakin Simon, Diallo Aboudoulatif, et al. "Evaluation of 90-day subchronic oral toxicity of aqueous extract of Gmelina arborea Roxb (Verbenaceae) leaves in Wistar rats." Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 19, no. 3 (2020): 617–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/tjpr.v19i3.23.

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Purpose: To evaluate the 90 day sub-chronic toxicity of aqueous extract of Gmelina arborea leaves in Wistar rats.
 Methods: Rats were submitted to repeated daily oral administration of extract (250, 62.5 and 15.62 mg/kg) of Gmelina arborea leaves. The control groups were given distilled water and the rats were monitored for any toxicity symptoms as well as body and organs weights, water and food intake changes. The biochemical, haematological and histolopathological parameters were analysed.
 Results: The 90 days administration of the aqueous extract did not produce any toxicity signs or mortality. In addition, no significant alteration in water or food intake by the rats was observed. Although there were no changes in the body weights, significant decrease in the weight of the kidneys of the rats was observed at 250 mg/kg. Biological parameters as well as the histopathology of liver and kidneys were not significantly affected. Significant decreases were noted in glucose level at the three dose levels. In addition, significant difference in the levels of transaminases, glucose and platelets were observed.
 Conclusion: The 90-days subchronic toxicity test on Gmelina arborea did not produce any toxic effects. This confirms the safety of the plant leaves by traditional medicine practitioners.
 Keywords: Gmelina arborea, Subchronic toxicity, Wistars rats, Biological parameters
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14

López Ayala, José Luis, Vicente Sánchez Monsalvo, and Edgar Hernández Máximo. "CRECIMIENTO INICIAL DE UNA PLANTACIÓN MIXTA DE ESPECIES TROPICALES EN VERACRUZ." Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Forestales 1, no. 2 (2019): 65–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.29298/rmcf.v1i2.638.

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 El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar el crecimiento y desarrollo de una asociación de ocho especies forestales tropicales en sus primeros cinco años, bajo cuatro tratamientos: procedencia local sin fertilización, procedencia foránea sin fertilización, procedencia local con fertilización y procedencia foránea con fertilización y un primer aprovechamiento de Gmelina arborea al cuarto año. Se aplicó un modelo mixto para mediciones repetidas; se analizaron las variables: altura, diámetro normal y diámetro de copa, y se observó que, en general, la procedencia local con y sin fertilización registró los mayores valores promedio. La alta densidad favoreció el desarrollo de Tabebuia donnell-smithii y perjudicó el de las demás especies. El aclareo de Gmelina arborea permitió que se extendiera notablemente la copa de Tectona grandis y el diámetro normal de Tabebuia donnell-smithii, no así la altura en los otros taxa. Por último, las más sobresalientes fueron Gmelina arborea (altura = 6.75 m; diámetro normal = 0.08 m; diámetro de copa = 3.56 m) y Tabebuia donnell-smithii (altura = 4.26 – 4.65 m; diámetro normal = 0.04 – 0.05 m; diámetro de copa = 2.15 – 2.34 m); las mayores tasas de crecimiento se verificaron en altura y diámetro normal promedio en Gmelina arborea (4.23 m año-1 y de 0.044 m año-1) y Tabebuia donnell-smithii (1.47 m año-1 y de 0.017 m año-1).
 
 
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15

Sarwar Jahan, M., Mamon Sarkar, and M. A. Quaiyyum. "Pulping of gamari roots (Gmelina arborea)." Journal of the Indian Academy of Wood Science 15, no. 1 (2018): 28–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13196-018-0204-7.

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16

Waghchaure, Akshada G., Ravindra S. Jadhav, and Dattaprasad N. Vikhe. "A Review on Pharmacognostic, Phytochemical and Biological Potential of Gmelina Arborea Roxb (Shivan Plant)." International Journal of Research and Review 9, no. 3 (2022): 237–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20220328.

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Gmelina arborea Roxb belonging to family Lamiaceae. It is a fast growing deciduous tree, having vast medicinal importance and is one of the ingredients of dashamoola used in Ayurveda. As Dashamoola has kapha vata hara property and is well known in treating vata vyadhi, Gmelina arborea being the member of dashamoola is also said to have similar properties. Any plant which is used medicinally requires detailed study prior to its use because for the purpose of identification of the plant, to avoid the admixture of other drugs and also for its therapeutic efficacy the present study was undertaken to lay down pharmacognostical and physicochemical standards for Gambhari leaf. Pharmacognostical study reveals Moisture content, Total ash value, water and Acid insoluble value. Extractive value and alcoholic and aqueous extract respectively. Microscopic and Macroscopic evaluations. Leaf constants like stomatal variety, stomatal index, vein islet number, vein termination variety even have been given. Phytochemical screening showed the presence of Alkaloids, Carbohydrate, coumarins, steroids, Tannins. Medicinal uses of its roots, leaves, flowers, fruit, bark, pharmacological activity The roots, fruits and the leaves of Gambhari have countless medicinal value therefore traditionally it was commonly used as anthelmintic, antimicrobial, anti-diabetic, anti-aging, analgesic, diuretic, hepato-protective and antiepileptic agent. There is a lots of medicinal properties present in the Gmelina arborea plant. The present article gives all necessary information on plant. Keywords: Dashamoola, Gmelina arborea, Physico-chemical screening, Pharmacological activity, Medicinal uses.
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17

DOGRA, POONAM, and MADAN KAUSHIK. "Gmelina arborea an Indigenous Plant with high Medicinal value: A Review." YMER Digital 21, no. 05 (2022): 994–1006. http://dx.doi.org/10.37896/ymer21.05/b3.

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The drupes that fall during the rainy season promote Gmelina arborea natural reproduction. Seed germination requires both heat and moisture. Artificial reproduction uses seeds or cuttings to develop plants. Healthy Gmelina arborea Roxb. offspring require certain circumstances. They have fertile soil with good drainage. This sun-loving plant hates shade. It prefers an annual rainfall of between 750 and 4500 millimeters. Poorly drained, sandy, or dry soils stunt growth. Despite contemporary medicine's advances, unique natural product-based treatments are still required. 70 000 plants are therapeutic. Ayurveda uses over 2,000 plants to treat diseases. Only a few commercially important medicinal plants are not grown in the US. Ayurveda and other ancient Indian medical practices use around 1200 medicinal plant species. We can discover new treatments for many ailments by studying the medicinal properties of plants that have been around for generations. It is now possible to create novel plant-based drugs. It's a lovely, fast-growing bloom. The pharmacological consequences of commercial medication formulations must be investigated by finding active compounds. Keywords: Herbal, Pharmacology, Medicinal, Gmelina arborea, Morphological Character
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18

Arora, Charu, and Vinita Tamrakar. "Gmelina arborea: chemical constituents, pharmacological activities and applications." International Journal of Phytomedicine 9, no. 4 (2017): 528. http://dx.doi.org/10.5138/09750185.2149.

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<p><em>Gmelina arborea </em>(<em>G. arborea</em>) is a bio-prospective plant belonging to family verbenaceae. It is widely used for it’s medicinal properties from ancient times. The present paper comprehensively reviewed the traditional uses, medicinal properties and chemical constituents isolated from <em>G. arborea</em> based on literature reported as well as critical analysis of the research. The present article is aimed to provide information on recent advances and new foundations and direction for further exploring <em>G. arborea </em>for its applications. Pharmacological research reviewed that <em>G. arborea </em>possess various medicinal properties and biological activities including antidiuretic, antidiarrhoeal, antipyretic, antianalgesic, antioxidant, antidiabetic, antihelmintic, antibacterial, antifungal, cardiopotective, insecticidal, antiulcer, gastro-protective, anticancer, antihyperlipidemic and immunomodulatory activity. It has been reported for its applications in treatment of bone fracture, hypertension and regeneration of β-cells. The main chemical constituents of <em>G. arborea</em> include lignans, iridoid glycoside, flavonoids, flavons, flavone glycoside and sterols. The present review provides all the references and beneficial directions to explore further application of <em>G. arborea.</em></p>
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19

Fuwape, Joseph A. "Gross heat of combustion of Gmelina (Gmelina arborea (Roxb)) chemical components." Biomass 19, no. 4 (1989): 281–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0144-4565(89)90072-3.

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20

Therapy, Andreas, Dolly Priatna, and Dede Jajat Sudrajat. "Seed briquette composition for the direct seeding of Gmelina Gmelina arborea Roxb." Indonesian Journal of Applied Environmental Studies 1, no. 1 (2020): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.33751/injast.v1i1.1970.

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The study of the effect of briquette composition on the seedling survival and growth of Gmelina in the field with the Randomized Group Design (RGD) experimental method. The parameters observed in the seed briquette composition test in the field were seedling diameter, seedling height and life percentage. The data were analyzed by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Duncan's Test using SAS and SPSS programmes to determine the success of the seed briquette composition test. The composition of seed briquette has a significant effect on the survival percentage and growth of direct seeding Gmelina in the field. The application of the composition of B-5 with land preparation in the form of cleaning gives the best percentage of life and growth of Gmelina seedlings. This composition also gave a high growth of 45.29 cm, a diameter of 5.16 cm and a percentage of life of 58.33%. The composition of the B-5 seed briquettes has a proportional composition of the main ingredients in the form of soil and compost which is 20% and 40% as a growing medium and a source of nutrition for Gmelina seedling growth.Penelitian tentang pengaruh komposisi briket terhadap persen hidup serta pertumbuhan Gmelina di lapangan dengan metode eksperimen Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK). Parameter yang diamati pada uji komposisi briket benih di lapangan adalah diameter semai, tinggi semai dan persentase hidup. Data dianalisis dengan Analisis Ragam dan Uji Duncan dengan menggunakan program SAS dan SPSS untuk mengetahui keberhasilan dari uji komposisi briket benih. Komposisi briket benih berpengaruh nyata terhadap persentase hidup dan pertumbuhan direct seeding Gmelina di lapangan. Penerapan komposisi B-5 dengan persiapan lahan berupa pembersihan memberikan persentase hidup dan pertumbuhan semai Gmelina terbaik. Komposisi ini juga memberikan pertumbuhan tinggi sebesar 45,29 cm, diameter sebesar 5,16 cm dan persen hidup sebesar 58,33%. Komposisi briket benih B-5 memiliki komposisi bahan utama berupa tanah dan kompos yang proporsional yaitu sebesar 20% dan 40% sebagai media tanam dan sumber nutrisi untuk pertumbuhan semai Gmelina.
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21

Olaniran, Samuel Oluyinka, Sophie Löning, Andreas Buschalsky, and Holger Militz. "Impregnation Properties of Nigerian-Grown Gmelina arborea Roxb. Wood." Forests 13, no. 12 (2022): 2036. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13122036.

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The success of any wood treatment process and the measure of protection conferred on treated wood are determined by the uptake and penetration of the treatment chemicals, in addition to the efficacy of the chemicals used for the treatment. Hence, the level of treatability of wood species should be pre-determined prior to the wood treatment to ensure the overall protection of the treated wood. Gmelina arborea wood, due to its low durability, requires impregnation with chemicals for preservation or chemical modification to enhance its durability. However, more details are required to establish the influence of its anatomy on impregnation to recommend appropriate treatment methods. Therefore, gmelina wood samples were treated under pressure to determine the solution uptake and penetration, while anatomical studies were carried out with light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) measurements. Variations in stem heights, stem diameters, and samples from other tree stands were considered. The outcome of the study showed that the liquid uptake was generally low for gmelina wood among the selected stands (16–23%) and there was no significant difference in stem diameters; meanwhile, penetration was less than 4 mm in the axial direction, and very low in the lateral (radial and tangential) direction. Vessels of gmelina wood have abundant tyloses, while crystalline structures with needlelike shapes are present in a large proportion of the ray parenchyma cells, and are confirmed with SEM-EDX to be made up of calcium oxalate. The low liquid uptake and penetration in gmelina wood suggest that the impregnation of chemicals into its microstructure is next to impossible. Hence, alternative treatment methods other than those involving impregnation with chemicals should be sought to enhance its durability.
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Okpara, O., and P. O. Akporhuarho. "Growth performance ofWest African Dwarf goats fed boiled dried Gmelina arborea and sun dried Moringa oleifera leaves." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 44, no. 5 (2020): 244–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v44i5.1474.

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Sixteen West African dwarf (WAD) goats weighing 5.5kg to 10.7kg were used to determine the growth performance ofWADgoats fed boiled driedGmelina arborea leaves and sundried Moringa oleifera leaves. The goats were allotted randomly into four treatments groups of four animals each having two replicates each in a completely randomized design. Goats in T1 were fed concentrate and Panicum maximum (control diet), in T2 were fed concentrate and boiled dried Gmelina arborea leaves, goats in T3 were fed concentrate and sundried moringa oleifera leaveswhile goats in T4were fed concentrate andmixture of freshGmelina arborea and freshMoringa oleifera leaves. The experiment lasted for 10 weeks. The animals were weighed on weekly basis throughout the 56 days (8 weeks) of the experiment. Feed intake and weight changes were monitored. Data collected were analyzed using the one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) while the mean were separated using the Duncan multiple range test. The result from this study shows that animals in T4 fed concentratewithmixture of fresh Gmelina arborea leaves and freshMoringa oleifera leaves performed better in respect to feed intake having a record of 2.88 0.008 followed by T1 2.86 0.012 while experimental animals in T2 and T3 had the lowest value 2.69 0.011 and 2.60 0.008 respectively, animals in T4 gained weight while those in T1, T2 and T3 lost weight. The study suggest the use of fresh Gmelina arborea leaves and fresh Moringa oleifera leaves in feeding goats due to the fact that they are efficiently utilized by the animals and their availability even at the peak of dry season.
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VISHWAKARMA, A. K., and B. P. DESHPANDE. "A Crystalline P-Protein in Gmelina arborea." Annals of Botany 65, no. 1 (1990): 107–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aob.a087901.

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Roque, Róger Moya. "Wood of Gmelina arborea in Costa Rica." New Forests 28, no. 2/3 (2004): 299–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:nefo.0000040957.83398.e3.

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Sánchez Rejón, Luis A., and José Luis Romero. "Plantations of Gmelina arborea in southern Mexico." New Forests 28, no. 2/3 (2004): 331–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:nefo.0000040966.76324.ea.

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Aderinboye, R. Y. "Rumen degradation characteristics of two tropical forages supplemented with monensin in the rumen of N’dama Steer." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 38, no. 2 (2021): 139–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v38i2.2804.

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Rumen degradation characteristics of Panicum maximum and Gmelina arborea forages in response to monensin supplementation were studied in a 2 x 4 factorial experiment using an Ndama fistulated steer. Monensin had no significant effect (P>0.05) on the soluble fraction 'a' of nutrients but showed reductions (P<0.05) in the degradable fractions b' of dry matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fibre and acid detergent fibre at 30 and 45 mg/kg DM supplementation levels relative to the control. These reductions were within the range of 45.76 - 49.52, 37.88 - 43.57, 44.60 - 45.31 and 45.18 - 46.85% for DM, CP, NDF and ADF, respectively. The potenti al degradation 'p' of DM, NDF, and ADF reduced (P<0.05) at 30 and 45 mg/kg DM while p' for CP reduced at 45 mg/kg DM. Forage type had significant effect (P<0.05) on nutrient degradation with Panicum maximum having lower nutrient degradation characteristics values than those of Gmelina arborea. While monens resulted in reduced nutrient degradation from Panicum maximum at 30 and 45 mg/kg DM, reduction in nutrients degradation from Gmelina arborea was observed only at 45 mg/kg DM. Comparatively, at similar levels of 15, 30 and 45 mg of monensin/kg DM, Panicum maximum had lower (P<0.05) degradation values to those observed for Gmelina arborea. The reduction effect of monensin on nutrient degradation from both forages suggests an inhibition of microbial digestion. This could increase rumen fill, reduce ruminal outflow rate and possibly increase the proportion of un-degradable proteins leaving the rumen for the lower tract. The particular level of monensin supplementation at which such reductions would occur depends on forage type 
 Keywords: , , .
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Peres Filho, Otávio, Alberto Dorval, and Evônio Berti Filho. "Preferência de saúva limão, Atta sexdens rubropilosa Forel, 1908 (Hymenoptera, formicidae) a diferentes espécies florestais, em condições de laboratório." Ciência Florestal 12, no. 2 (2005): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/198050981675.

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Avaliou-se a preferência de saúva limão, Atta sexdens rubropilosa Forel, 1908, para 41 espécies florestais nativas e exóticas, em condições de laboratório. As espécies mais transportadas foram gmelina (Gmelina arborea), leucena (Leucaena leucocephala), pau-ferro (Caesalpinia ferrea), albizia (Albizia lebbeck) e orelha-de-negro (Enterolobium contortisiliquum) e as menos transportadas foram eucalipto (Eucalyptus grandis), jequitibá (Cariniana strellensis) e mutamba (Guazuma tomentosa).
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Wasis, Basuki, and Novi Anggraini. "PERTUMBUHAN SEMAI GMELINA (Gmelina arborea Roxb.) PADA MEDIA BEKAS TAMBANG SILIKA DENGAN PENAMBAHAN PUPUK KANDANG KAMBING DAN ARANG KAYU Growth for Gmelina (Gmelina arborea Roxb.) on the Post Mine Silica with the Addition of Goat Manure and Wood Charcoal." Journal of Tropical Silviculture 8, no. 3 (2018): 203–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/j-siltrop.8.3.203-207.

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Mining activity consists of land clearing, erosion of soil horizons, dredging and hoarding. The mining activities will impact to the soil fertility. The addition of soil nutrition can be done by giving goat manure and wood charcoal. This research aims to examine the effect of wood charcoal and goat manure addition to the growth of gmelina (Gmelina arborea Roxb.) seedlings on the post mine silica soil. This research used randomized complete design wit two factorials. Parameter observed in this search is high, diameter and biomass. Observations in 12 weeks whows that single treatment of wood charcoal was not significantly different to all parameters in the 95% interval. The single treatment of goat manure and its interaction with wood charcoal shows a significant different to all parameters observed. The best combination to the growth of gmelina seedling on post mine silica was 100 g of goat manure and 40 gr of wood charcoal.Key words: fertilizer of goat manure, G. arborea, wood charcoal.
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Asolo, Chioma Helen, John Joseph Okeke, Francis Nnamdi Mayie, Valentine Obinna Okpoko, and Raymond Orji Ezeanekwu. "Effects of Gmelina arborea, Roxb leaf meal on egg characteristics of Coturnix coturnix japonica, Temmick." Journal of Bioscience and Biotechnology Discovery 6, no. 1 (2020): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.31248/jbbd2020.122.

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A thirty-six weeks feeding trial was conducted to determine the effect of inclusion of varying levels of Gmelina arborea on egg characteristics, using two (2) weeks old Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica). Ninety-six birds were allocated to four dietary treatment groups with three (3) replicates of eight (8) birds each in a completely randomized design comprising of control (C) containing 0 g/kg; T1, 50 g/kg; T2, 100 g/kg and T3, 150 g/kg of Gmelina arborea leaf meal. Feed and water were provided throughout the experimental period. Egg characteristics were the response criteria that were monitored and subjected to a one-way anova. There were significant (p<0.05) differences observed between treatments for mean egg number and egg shell weight, while no differences (p>0.05) were observed between treatments for eggs composition, weight of eggs, egg shell thickness, egg length, egg width, albumen height, albumen width, albumen weight, yolk height, yolk width, yolk weight. From this study, the egg laying performance and characteristics of eggs laid by birds suggested that among the treatments, up to 50 g/kg of Gmelina arborea leaf meal could be successfully included in quails’ diets without any adverse effect
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Nurjaman, K. M., A. S. Wulandari, and Y. Istikorini. "Effect of Endophytic Fungi Inoculation and Ecoenzyme on the Growth of Gmelina (Gmelina arborea (Roxb.)) Seedlings." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 959, no. 1 (2022): 012011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/959/1/012011.

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Abstract During the growth process, plants require nutrients and have a symbiotic relationship with beneficial microbes. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of endophytic fungi inoculation and eco enzymes on the growth of Gmelina Seedlings. The endophytic fungi which were used were Ochroconis sp., Ascotricha sp., and Arthrinium malaysianum. Endophytic fungi inoculation into Gmelina Seedlings was carried out by watering fungal suspension onto the planting medium. The same method was carried out for the application of eco enzyme. The results showed that inoculation of the endophytic fungi A. malaysianum decreased the growth of Gmelina Seedling’s height and diameter. Inoculation of Ascotricha sp. decreased the growth of Gmelina Seedling height, and inoculation of Ochroconis sp. decreased the growth of Gmelina Seedling diameter. Endophytic fungi inoculation without eco enzymes could generate longer roots. As a result, shoot root ratio and seedling quality index showed that Gmelina Seedlings were ready to transplant in the field. The results of this study can be used as a reference in applying biological fertilizers to forestry plants.
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Adinugraha, Hamdan Adma, and Dedi Setiadi. "SELEKSI POHON BENIH Gmelina arborea Roxb. PADA HUTAN RAKYAT DI BONDOWOSO, JAWA TIMUR Selection of Seed Trees of Gmelina arborea Roxb. at Smallholder Forest In Bondowoso, East Java." Jurnal Hutan Tropis 6, no. 1 (2018): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/jht.v6i1.5099.

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Gmelina arborea is one plant spacies that is widely planted in smallholder forests in Bondowoso, East Java. This research was conducted in the framework of the selection of seed sources that can be developed for proiduksi quality seeds. The results showed that a relatively equitable distribution of forest people in four districts with three patterns that monoculture, mixtures and intercropping with agricultural crops. Parent tree bole height average of 10.60 m with a trunk diameter/ 25.39 cm dbh. there are 2 types of fruit is round and slightly oval with the number of seeds per kilogram of grain in 1872 and 1000 grain weight of seed on average 538.75 grams indicates the variation differed significantly between the parent tree.Key Words: Gmelina arborea; seed trees; selection; smallholder forest
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Suhartati, Tatik, Surodjo Taat Andayani, and Sugeng Wahyudiono. "Pematahan Dormansi Benih Gmelia arborea Roxb. Menggunakan Asam Sulfat (H2SO4)." Jurnal Wana Tropika 12, no. 1 (2022): 26–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.55180/jwt.v12i1.213.

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Gmelina (Gmelina arborea Roxb.) seed is a type of seed that have physical dormancy. This is because water and gases prevent by the hard seed coat during the germination process. Therefore, to break dormancy, preliminary treatment in the form of scarification is required, including using sulfuric acid (H2SO4) solution. This study aims to determine the treatment of soaking in a 96% concentration of H2SO4 solution that produces the best germination ability. The study used a completely randomized design method (CRD) with 5 soaked time treatments, namely control (0 minutes), 5 minutes, 10 minutes, 15 minutes, 20 minutes and each treatment was repeated 3 times with 50 seeds for each replication. The results showed that soaked the seeds in the 96% concentration of H2SO4 solution had a significant effect on on initial time of germination, last time of germination, 80% limit time for germination, percentage of germination and vigor index. Soaking time for 10 minutes is the best treatment for scarification of gmelina seeds. Keywords: physical dormancy; pre-treatment; scarification; soaking time
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ADU, I. F., A. B. J. AINA, and K. A. OKELEYE. "ON-FARM ESTABLISHMENT AND PRODUCTIVITY OF GMELINA AND GLIRICIDIA AS BROWSE FOR GOATS." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 23, no. 1 (2021): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v23i1.2146.

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The on-farm establishment and productivity of Gmelina arborea and Gliricidia sepium were studied with seven farmers in two Local when planted as feed gardens. These studies Government Areas of Ogun State. Gmelina seedlings and Gliricidia stakes were planted in Gliricidia) plots located at distances of 15 to 50m to the farmer's homestead and protected from straying animals with local fencing materials like bamboo and palm branches. Core soil samples were taken randomly within each plot chemical analysis. The growth and yield of browse plants were determined at 3 and 12 months after planting. The palatability and the use of the browse as supplement to cassava peel were also determined. The organic matter soil was fairly high with organic carbon of 1.1 to 13%. Leaves of Gmelina and Gliricidia had high contents of nitrogen with crude protein values of 16 to 26%. The leaves were also high in mineral content. The dry matter yield of the primary growth ranged from browse for goat feeding. 3 to 5 t-ha while leaf dry matter yield ranged from 0.4 to 1.4 t-ha. Goats relished Gmeling more than Gliricidia with daily dry matter intakes of 638 and 453g respectively when offered as sole feed. It is concluded that Gmelina and Gliricidia produce good quality protein feed for village goats when they are managed as shrubs in a feed garden.
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SACHAN, SHEPHALI, and Avinash Jain. "MORTALITY OF TROPICAL FOREST TREE SEEDLINGS UNDER WATER AND SALT STRESS CONDITIONS." Journal of Plant Stress Physiology 2 (January 20, 2017): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.19071/jpsp.2016.v2.3081.

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<p>Mortality of selected tropical forest tree species seedlings viz. <em>Tectona grandis, Pongamia pinnata</em>, <em>Dalbergia latifolia</em> and <em>Gmelina arborea</em> were tested under water and salt stress conditions for 4 months under nursery stage. Water stress included moderate and severe waterlogging & moderate and severe drought conditions. The salt stress in the soil was maintained to 4, 8 and 12 ds/m. Pot culture experiments with twenty treatment combinations following RBD factorial design were conducted in TFRI Jabalpur nursery. The water equivalent to the field capacity of the soil was provided to the seedlings to maintain waterlogging. The drought condition in polybags was maintained according to Permanent Wilting point (PWP), which was calculated on the basis of Cumulative Pan Evaporation (CPE) values measured through Open Pan Evaporimeter. Mortality of seedlings of the species under study increased with the increase in salt concentration from 4 to 12 ds/m.<em> Gmelina arborea</em> shown 100% mortality in 4ds/m, 8ds/m and 12ds/m concentration of salt. Cumulative effect of salt and waterlogging & salt and drought was found to be more prominent in <em>Gmelina arborea</em> as compare to other three species. <em>Tectona grandis </em>was found to be more tolerable to waterlogged followed by drought conditions<em>. </em> Waterlogging conditions observed to be excellent for <em>Pongamia pinnata</em> seedlings plantation shown 0% mortality. As a whole, the mortality of seedlings due to water and salt stress was found in the order <em>Dalbergia latifolia</em> (90.95%) > <em>Gmelina arborea</em> (82.50%) > <em>Tectona grandis</em> (74%) > <em>Pongamia pinnata</em> (35.56%). </p>
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Attanayake, Anoja Priyadarshani, Kamani Ayoma Perera Wijewardana Jayatilaka, Chitra Pathirana та Lakmini Kumari Boralugoda Mudduwa. "Gmelina arboreaRoxb. (Family: Verbenaceae) Extract Upregulates theβ-Cell Regeneration in STZ Induced Diabetic Rats". Journal of Diabetes Research 2016 (2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/4513871.

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Gmelina arboreaRoxb. (common name: Et-demata, Family: Verbenaceae) has been used traditionally in Sri Lanka as a remedy against diabetes mellitus. The objective of the present study was to evaluate antidiabetic mechanisms of the aqueous bark extract ofG. arboreain streptozotocin induced (STZ) diabetic male Wistar rats. Aqueous bark extract ofG. arborea(1.00 g/kg) and glibenclamide as the standard drug (0.50 mg/kg) were administered orally using a gavage to STZ diabetic rats (65 mg/kg, ip) for 30 days. The antidiabetic mechanisms of aqueous extract ofG. arborea(1.00 g/kg) were determined at the end of the experiment. The fasting blood glucose concentration was significantly lowered and the serum insulin and C-peptide concentrations were increased by 57% and 39% in plant extract treated rats on day 30, respectively (p<0.05). The histopathology and immunohistochemistry results of the plant extract treated group showed a regenerative effect onβ-cells of the pancreas in diabetic rats. In addition, serum lipid parameters were improved inG. arboreaextract treated diabetic rats. The results revealed that the aqueous stem bark extract ofG. arborea(1.00 g/kg) showed beneficial effects against diabetes mellitus through upregulating theβ-cell regeneration and biosynthesis of insulin in diabetic rats.
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Adeniji, A. A., E. Gana, O. A. Olafadehan, I. C. Chibougwu, and M. I. Saria. "Performance of grower rabbits fed Gmelina arborea leaf meal." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 39, no. 2 (2021): 66–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v39i2.728.

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Forty five weaner rabbits, aged four weeks of mixed sexes were used to investigate the performance of rabbits fed Gmelina arborea leaf meal (GALM) at 0,10,20,30 and 40% inclusion level. Increasing the level of GALM had no significant effect (P>0.05) on feed intake, weight gain and feed to gain ratio. There was also no treatment effect on nitrogen intake (P>0.05). Furthermore, increasing the dietary level of GALM in the diet also had no significant effect (P>0.05) on faecal nitrogen, nitrogen retained and nitrogen digestibility. However, the cost of feed declined with the corresponding increase in the GALM dietary level. The result shows that Gmelina arborea leaf meal could be fed to grower rabbits up to 40% inclusion level without any adverse effect.
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Iwuoha, Stanley Emeka, Werner Seim, and Jonathan C. Onyekwelu. "Mechanical properties of Gmelina arborea for engineering design." Construction and Building Materials 288 (June 2021): 123123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.123123.

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38

Moya Roque, Róger, Mario Tomazelo Fo, and Edwin Canessa Amador. "Fiber morphology in fast growth Gmelina arborea plantations." Madera y Bosques 13, no. 2 (2016): 3–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.21829/myb.2007.1321225.

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Gmelina arborea is planted in large areas of forest with the objective of producing solid wood using well known silvicultural techniques and taking advantage of the properties of the wood quality of fast-growing tree species managed in short rotation systems. The aim of this study was to analyze the morphology and dimension of fibers from the pith to the bark in trees from fast growth plantations in northern Costa Rica.The results indicate that fiber morphology is irregular in both diameter and shape; with 1 to 4 septa, abundant crystals deposited in fiber lumina and minutely bordered pits with oblique and nonvestured apertures. Fiber length, width and cell wall thickness increased with tree age in the early stages. Lumen diameter was not correlated with tree age.
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39

Osonubi, O. "Osmotic Adjustment in Mycorrhizal Gmelina arborea Roxb. Seedlings." Functional Ecology 3, no. 2 (1989): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2389295.

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40

Ohtani, Jun, Wu Jing, Kazumi Fukazawa, and Xian Shao qun. "Multiple Perforation Plates in Gmelina Arborea Roxb. (Verbenaceae)." IAWA Journal 10, no. 1 (1989): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22941932-90001108.

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Vessel members of Gmelina arborea Roxb. (Verbenaceae) have been reported so far to have exclusively simple perforations. In the present study based on SEM observations, however, various forms of multiple perforation plates have been found. These perforation plates always occurred as simple to multiple combination plates and the vessel members having them occurred only rarely, irregularly and solitarily in the wood. The morphology of the multiple perforation plates is illustrated by SEM micrographs.
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41

Dvorak, W. S. "World view of Gmelina arborea: opportunities and challenges." New Forests 28, no. 2/3 (2004): 111–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:nefo.0000040940.32574.22.

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42

Stock, Jurgen, Milanyila Vargas, Kathy Angarita, and Ronalds GonzÁlez. "Seed production of Gmelina arborea by controlled pollination." New Forests 28, no. 2/3 (2004): 167–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:nefo.0000040943.56887.30.

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Romero, JosÉ L. "A review of propagation programs for Gmelina arborea." New Forests 28, no. 2/3 (2004): 245–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:nefo.0000040951.93838.6d.

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Morales, G. A. "Potential of Gmelina arborea for solid wood products." New Forests 28, no. 2/3 (2004): 293–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:nefo.0000040956.68838.97.

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45

Babu, K., G. Parimala, and V. P. Sidhan. "Micromorphological Studies on Gmelina arborea and Clerodendrum serratum." Pharmacognosy Journal 2, no. 7 (2010): 137–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0975-3575(10)80080-x.

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46

Pramono, A. A., E. Rustam, D. Syamsuwida, K. P. Putri, D. F. Djam’an, and E. Pujiastuti. "Flower and fruit development and flower-visiting insects of gmelina (Gmelina arborea roxb.)." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 533 (August 18, 2020): 012037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/533/1/012037.

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47

Hadjar, Nurhayati, Niken Pujirahayu, Zakiah Uslinawaty, and Hasrudin Hasrudin. "Efektivitas Pengawetan Kayu Gmelina Menggunakan Akar Tuba Terhadap Serangan Rayap Tanah (The Effectiveness Of Preservation Of Gmelina Wood Using Tubal Roots Against Subterranean termites Attacks)." Jurnal Celebica : Jurnal Kehutanan Indonesia 2, no. 2 (2021): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.33772/jc.v2i2.23442.

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Abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the use of two types of tuba root extract, namely milk sap tuba root and clear sap tuba root in Wood Preservation of Gmelina (G. arborea Roxb) against subterranean termites. The method of testing against subterranean termites is using the burial method for 12 weeks. Wood resistance is calculated from the percentage of weight loss and the degree of termite attack on wood according to SNI 01-7207-2006 concerning the classification of wood resistance to subterranean termite attacks. the results of the study, it was concluded that the use of preservatives for milk sap tuba root and clear sap tuba root with concentrations of 2% and 4% were not considered effective for preserving Gmelina wood from subterranean termites. Keywords: Gmelina wood, preservation, milk sap tuba root, clear sap tuba root, subterranean termites, loss of weight, degree of attack.Abstrak: Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efektifitas penggunaan dua jenis ekstrak akar tuba yaitu akar tuba getah susu dan akar tuba getah bening dalam pengawetan kayu Gmelina (G. arborea Roxb) terhadap Rayap Tanah. Metode pengujian rayap tanah menggunakan metode penguburan selama 12 minggu. Ketahanan kayu dihitung dari persentase kehilangan berat dan derajat serangan rayap pada kayu menurut SNI 01-7207-2006 tentang klasifikasi ketahanan kayu terhadap serangan rayap tanah. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan bahan pengawet akar tuba getah susu dan akar tuba getah bening dengan konsentrasi konsentrasi 2% dan 4%, dinilai belum efektif untuk di jadikan bahan mengawetkan kayu Gmelina dari serangan Rayap Tanah. Kata kunci: Kayu Gmelina, pengawetan, akar tuba getah susu, akar tuba getah bening, rayap tanah, Kehilangan berat, derajat serangan.
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Indrajaya, Yonky, and M. Siarudin. "DAUR TEBANG OPTIMAL HUTAN RAKYAT GMELINA (Gmelina arborea Roxb.) DI TASIKMALAYA DAN BANJAR, JAWA BARAT, INDONESIA." Jurnal Penelitian Sosial dan Ekonomi Kehutanan 12, no. 2 (2015): 111–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.20886/jpsek.2015.12.2.111-119.

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Michael Ogunjobi, Kayode, Victor Adeoluwa Jayeola, Oluwaseun Friday Gakenou, Opeyemi Oluwaseun Olufemi, Samuel Oluwafemi Ayanleye, and Kudirat Jumoke Lawal. "Biosorption potentials of sawdust in removing zinc ions from aqueous solution." International Journal of Scientific Research and Management 9, no. 10 (2021): 191–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/ijsrm/v9i10.fe01.

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Timber processing industries generate enormous waste, which constitutes environmental nuisance. However, the sawdust contains several organic compounds that could actively remove heavy metal ions from an aqueous solution through the adsorption process. This study investigated the efficacy of sawdust of Albizia zygia and Gmelina arborea in removing Zinc (II) under two factors affecting adsorption, Contact time and pH. Sawdust samples were sieved through a screen size of 2.0mm, after which a portion of sawdust for each species was subject to pre-treatment by boiling while the other parts were kept as control samples (untreated). The effect of pH on the removal efficiency of the biosorbent was determined by adding 0.2g of the sawdust (treated and untreated) into six conical flasks containing the metal solution (50ppm) at different pH values. There was a significant difference in the removal efficiency of both treated and untreated samples for both species. Removal efficiency also increased with time, with maximum Zn (II) biosorption achieved at 90 minutes. Removal efficiency increased with pH and reached optimum pH of 4. Both species' maximum Zn (II) biosorption (Albizia zygia = 17.22, Gmelina arborea = 17.92) compared favourably with other biosorbent used in previous studies. From this study and based on availability, cost-effectiveness, ability to be recovered and reused, sawdust of Albizia zygia and Gmelina arborea are proven alternative adsorbents treatment of water towards ensuring that quality water is available for humans, plants, and animals.
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Rotenberg, James A. "Ecological Role of a Tree (Gmelina Arborea) Plantation in Guatemala: An Assessment of an Alternative Land use for Tropical Avian Conservation." Auk 124, no. 1 (2007): 316–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/auk/124.1.316.

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AbstractEstablished parks and nature reserves may be inadequate to preserve long-term biotic diversity, especially in tropical regions of Latin America where anthropogenic disturbance and land-conversion is an ongoing problem. Demand for economically productive land uses, such as cattle pastures or monoculture plantations, is one of the greatest threats to habitat and wildlife preservation. As a result, conservation biologists have turned to examining attributes of nonprotected lands to determine which land uses both support wildlife and make economic sense. I examined bird use of a plantation of Gmelina arborea (“white teak” or “melina” trees; hereafter “plantation”) in Guatemala to assess its suitability as bird habitat. Gmelina arborea is grown mainly for wood and paper pulp. Several compositionally different habitats were identified, based on the amount of natural vegetation grown within and among the plantation trees, forming a heterogeneous landscape. I detected 195 bird species from 45 families within this plantation-dominated landscape, and 144 species in plantation habitats combined. I observed a positive association between increased vegetative complexity and bird species richness; moreover, bird species richness attained levels statistically indistinguishable from those found in nearby forest fragments. Mixed plantation habitat containing 19–31% natural vegetative coverage supported bird communities that equaled or surpassed levels of species richness found by other researchers in shaded coffee (Coffea spp.) plantations. However, pure stands of G. arborea supported richness levels equal to those of grazed pasture; diversity levels associated with both these land uses were close to those reported for sun coffee plantations. Clearly, native vegetation played a significant role in enhancing bird species richness in the plantation habitat, and amounts of relative cover similar to or exceeding those in the plantation I studied should be considered in any management plan for G. arborea in Central America.Rol Ecológico de Plantaciones de Árboles de Gmelina arborea en Guatemala: Una Evaluación de un Uso Alternativo del Suelo para la Conservación de las Aves Tropicales
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